activerecord 1.0.0 → 3.0.0

data/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/try'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Calculations
+    # Count operates using three different approaches.
+    #
+    # * Count all: By not passing any parameters to count, it will return a count of all the rows for the model.
+    # * Count using column: By passing a column name to count, it will return a count of all the
+    #   rows for the model with supplied column present.
+    # * Count using options will find the row count matched by the options used.
+    #
+    # The third approach, count using options, accepts an option hash as the only parameter. The options are:
+    #
+    # * <tt>:conditions</tt>: An SQL fragment like "administrator = 1" or [ "user_name = ?", username ].
+    #   See conditions in the intro to ActiveRecord::Base.
+    # * <tt>:joins</tt>: Either an SQL fragment for additional joins like "LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = id" 
+    #   (rarely needed) or named associations in the same form used for the <tt>:include</tt> option, which will
+    #   perform an INNER JOIN on the associated table(s). If the value is a string, then the records 
+    #   will be returned read-only since they will have attributes that do not correspond to the table's columns.
+    #   Pass <tt>:readonly => false</tt> to override.
+    # * <tt>:include</tt>: Named associations that should be loaded alongside using LEFT OUTER JOINs.
+    #   The symbols named refer to already defined associations. When using named associations, count
+    #   returns the number of DISTINCT items for the model you're counting.
+    #   See eager loading under Associations.
+    # * <tt>:order</tt>: An SQL fragment like "created_at DESC, name" (really only used with GROUP BY calculations).
+    # * <tt>:group</tt>: An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the GROUP BY SQL-clause.
+    # * <tt>:select</tt>: By default, this is * as in SELECT * FROM, but can be changed if you, for example,
+    #   want to do a join but not include the joined columns.
+    # * <tt>:distinct</tt>: Set this to true to make this a distinct calculation, such as
+    #   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) ...
+    # * <tt>:from</tt> - By default, this is the table name of the class, but can be changed to an
+    #   alternate table name (or even the name of a database view).
+    #
+    # Examples for counting all:
+    #   Person.count         # returns the total count of all people
+    #
+    # Examples for counting by column:
+    #   Person.count(:age)  # returns the total count of all people whose age is present in database
+    #
+    # Examples for count with options:
+    #   Person.count(:conditions => "age > 26")
+    #
+    #   # because of the named association, it finds the DISTINCT count using LEFT OUTER JOIN.
+    #   Person.count(:conditions => "age > 26 AND job.salary > 60000", :include => :job)
+    #
+    #   # finds the number of rows matching the conditions and joins.
+    #   Person.count(:conditions => "age > 26 AND job.salary > 60000",
+    #                :joins => "LEFT JOIN jobs on jobs.person_id = person.id")
+    #
+    #   Person.count('id', :conditions => "age > 26") # Performs a COUNT(id)
+    #   Person.count(:all, :conditions => "age > 26") # Performs a COUNT(*) (:all is an alias for '*')
+    #
+    # Note: <tt>Person.count(:all)</tt> will not work because it will use <tt>:all</tt> as the condition.
+    # Use Person.count instead.
+    def count(column_name = nil, options = {})
+      column_name, options = nil, column_name if column_name.is_a?(Hash)
+      calculate(:count, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the average value on a given column. Returns +nil+ if there's
+    # no row. See +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.average('age') # => 35.8
+    def average(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:average, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the minimum value on a given column.  The value is returned
+    # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See
+    # +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.minimum('age') # => 7
+    def minimum(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:minimum, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the maximum value on a given column. The value is returned
+    # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See
+    # +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.maximum('age') # => 93
+    def maximum(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:maximum, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the sum of values on a given column. The value is returned
+    # with the same data type of the column, 0 if there's no row. See
+    # +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.sum('age') # => 4562
+    def sum(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:sum, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # This calculates aggregate values in the given column.  Methods for count, sum, average,
+    # minimum, and maximum have been added as shortcuts. Options such as <tt>:conditions</tt>,
+    # <tt>:order</tt>, <tt>:group</tt>, <tt>:having</tt>, and <tt>:joins</tt> can be passed to customize the query.
+    #
+    # There are two basic forms of output:
+    #   * Single aggregate value: The single value is type cast to Fixnum for COUNT, Float
+    #     for AVG, and the given column's type for everything else.
+    #   * Grouped values: This returns an ordered hash of the values and groups them by the
+    #     <tt>:group</tt> option.  It takes either a column name, or the name of a belongs_to association.
+    #
+    #       values = Person.maximum(:age, :group => 'last_name')
+    #       puts values["Drake"]
+    #       => 43
+    #
+    #       drake  = Family.find_by_last_name('Drake')
+    #       values = Person.maximum(:age, :group => :family) # Person belongs_to :family
+    #       puts values[drake]
+    #       => 43
+    #
+    #       values.each do |family, max_age|
+    #       ...
+    #       end
+    #
+    # Options:
+    # * <tt>:conditions</tt> - An SQL fragment like "administrator = 1" or [ "user_name = ?", username ].
+    #   See conditions in the intro to ActiveRecord::Base.
+    # * <tt>:include</tt>: Eager loading, see Associations for details.  Since calculations don't load anything,
+    #   the purpose of this is to access fields on joined tables in your conditions, order, or group clauses.
+    # * <tt>:joins</tt> - An SQL fragment for additional joins like "LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = id".
+    #   (Rarely needed).
+    #   The records will be returned read-only since they will have attributes that do not correspond to the
+    #   table's columns.
+    # * <tt>:order</tt> - An SQL fragment like "created_at DESC, name" (really only used with GROUP BY calculations).
+    # * <tt>:group</tt> - An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the GROUP BY SQL-clause.
+    # * <tt>:select</tt> - By default, this is * as in SELECT * FROM, but can be changed if you for example
+    #   want to do a join, but not include the joined columns.
+    # * <tt>:distinct</tt> - Set this to true to make this a distinct calculation, such as
+    #   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) ...
+    #
+    # Examples:
+    #   Person.calculate(:count, :all) # The same as Person.count
+    #   Person.average(:age) # SELECT AVG(age) FROM people...
+    #   Person.minimum(:age, :conditions => ['last_name != ?', 'Drake']) # Selects the minimum age for
+    #                                                                    # everyone with a last name other than 'Drake'
+    #
+    #   # Selects the minimum age for any family without any minors
+    #   Person.minimum(:age, :having => 'min(age) > 17', :group => :last_name)
+    #
+    #   Person.sum("2 * age")
+    def calculate(operation, column_name, options = {})
+      if options.except(:distinct).present?
+        apply_finder_options(options.except(:distinct)).calculate(operation, column_name, :distinct => options[:distinct])
+      else
+        if eager_loading? || includes_values.present?
+          construct_relation_for_association_calculations.calculate(operation, column_name, options)
+        else
+          perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options)
+        end
+      end
+    rescue ThrowResult
+      0
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options = {})
+      operation = operation.to_s.downcase
+
+      distinct = nil
+
+      if operation == "count"
+        column_name ||= (select_for_count || :all)
+
+        if arel.joins(arel) =~ /LEFT OUTER/i
+          distinct = true
+          column_name = @klass.primary_key if column_name == :all
+        end
+
+        distinct = nil if column_name =~ /\s*DISTINCT\s+/i
+      end
+
+      distinct = options[:distinct] || distinct
+      column_name = :all if column_name.blank? && operation == "count"
+
+      if @group_values.any?
+        return execute_grouped_calculation(operation, column_name)
+      else
+        return execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct) #:nodoc:
+      column = if @klass.column_names.include?(column_name.to_s)
+        Arel::Attribute.new(@klass.unscoped, column_name)
+      else
+        Arel::SqlLiteral.new(column_name == :all ? "*" : column_name.to_s)
+      end
+
+      # Postgresql doesn't like ORDER BY when there are no GROUP BY
+      relation = except(:order).select(operation == 'count' ? column.count(distinct) : column.send(operation))
+      type_cast_calculated_value(@klass.connection.select_value(relation.to_sql), column_for(column_name), operation)
+    end
+
+    def execute_grouped_calculation(operation, column_name) #:nodoc:
+      group_attr      = @group_values.first
+      association     = @klass.reflect_on_association(group_attr.to_sym)
+      associated      = association && association.macro == :belongs_to # only count belongs_to associations
+      group_field     = associated ? association.primary_key_name : group_attr
+      group_alias     = column_alias_for(group_field)
+      group_column    = column_for(group_field)
+
+      group = @klass.connection.adapter_name == 'FrontBase' ? group_alias : group_field
+
+      aggregate_alias = column_alias_for(operation, column_name)
+
+      select_statement = if operation == 'count' && column_name == :all
+        "COUNT(*) AS count_all"
+      else
+        Arel::Attribute.new(@klass.unscoped, column_name).send(operation).as(aggregate_alias).to_sql
+      end
+
+      select_statement <<  ", #{group_field} AS #{group_alias}"
+
+      relation = except(:group).select(select_statement).group(group)
+
+      calculated_data = @klass.connection.select_all(relation.to_sql)
+
+      if association
+        key_ids     = calculated_data.collect { |row| row[group_alias] }
+        key_records = association.klass.base_class.find(key_ids)
+        key_records = key_records.inject({}) { |hsh, r| hsh.merge(r.id => r) }
+      end
+
+      calculated_data.inject(ActiveSupport::OrderedHash.new) do |all, row|
+        key   = type_cast_calculated_value(row[group_alias], group_column)
+        key   = key_records[key] if associated
+        value = row[aggregate_alias]
+        all[key] = type_cast_calculated_value(value, column_for(column_name), operation)
+        all
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Converts the given keys to the value that the database adapter returns as
+    # a usable column name:
+    #
+    #   column_alias_for("users.id")                 # => "users_id"
+    #   column_alias_for("sum(id)")                  # => "sum_id"
+    #   column_alias_for("count(distinct users.id)") # => "count_distinct_users_id"
+    #   column_alias_for("count(*)")                 # => "count_all"
+    #   column_alias_for("count", "id")              # => "count_id"
+    def column_alias_for(*keys)
+      table_name = keys.join(' ')
+      table_name.downcase!
+      table_name.gsub!(/\*/, 'all')
+      table_name.gsub!(/\W+/, ' ')
+      table_name.strip!
+      table_name.gsub!(/ +/, '_')
+
+      @klass.connection.table_alias_for(table_name)
+    end
+
+    def column_for(field)
+      field_name = field.to_s.split('.').last
+      @klass.columns.detect { |c| c.name.to_s == field_name }
+    end
+
+    def type_cast_calculated_value(value, column, operation = nil)
+      if value.is_a?(String) || value.nil?
+        case operation
+          when 'count'   then value.to_i
+          when 'sum'     then type_cast_using_column(value || '0', column)
+          when 'average' then value.try(:to_d)
+          else type_cast_using_column(value, column)
+        end
+      else
+        value
+      end
+    end
+
+    def type_cast_using_column(value, column)
+      column ? column.type_cast(value) : value
+    end
+
+    def select_for_count
+      if @select_values.present?
+        select = @select_values.join(", ")
+        select if select !~ /(,|\*)/
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module FinderMethods
+    # Find operates with four different retrieval approaches:
+    #
+    # * Find by id - This can either be a specific id (1), a list of ids (1, 5, 6), or an array of ids ([5, 6, 10]).
+    #   If no record can be found for all of the listed ids, then RecordNotFound will be raised.
+    # * Find first - This will return the first record matched by the options used. These options can either be specific
+    #   conditions or merely an order. If no record can be matched, +nil+ is returned. Use
+    #   <tt>Model.find(:first, *args)</tt> or its shortcut <tt>Model.first(*args)</tt>.
+    # * Find last - This will return the last record matched by the options used. These options can either be specific
+    #   conditions or merely an order. If no record can be matched, +nil+ is returned. Use
+    #   <tt>Model.find(:last, *args)</tt> or its shortcut <tt>Model.last(*args)</tt>.
+    # * Find all - This will return all the records matched by the options used.
+    #   If no records are found, an empty array is returned. Use
+    #   <tt>Model.find(:all, *args)</tt> or its shortcut <tt>Model.all(*args)</tt>.
+    #
+    # All approaches accept an options hash as their last parameter.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    #
+    # * <tt>:conditions</tt> - An SQL fragment like "administrator = 1", <tt>[ "user_name = ?", username ]</tt>,
+    #   or <tt>["user_name = :user_name", { :user_name => user_name }]</tt>. See conditions in the intro.
+    # * <tt>:order</tt> - An SQL fragment like "created_at DESC, name".
+    # * <tt>:group</tt> - An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the <tt>GROUP BY</tt> SQL-clause.
+    # * <tt>:having</tt> - Combined with +:group+ this can be used to filter the records that a
+    #   <tt>GROUP BY</tt> returns. Uses the <tt>HAVING</tt> SQL-clause.
+    # * <tt>:limit</tt> - An integer determining the limit on the number of rows that should be returned.
+    # * <tt>:offset</tt> - An integer determining the offset from where the rows should be fetched. So at 5,
+    #   it would skip rows 0 through 4.
+    # * <tt>:joins</tt> - Either an SQL fragment for additional joins like "LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = id" (rarely needed),
+    #   named associations in the same form used for the <tt>:include</tt> option, which will perform an
+    #   <tt>INNER JOIN</tt> on the associated table(s),
+    #   or an array containing a mixture of both strings and named associations.
+    #   If the value is a string, then the records will be returned read-only since they will
+    #   have attributes that do not correspond to the table's columns.
+    #   Pass <tt>:readonly => false</tt> to override.
+    # * <tt>:include</tt> - Names associations that should be loaded alongside. The symbols named refer
+    #   to already defined associations. See eager loading under Associations.
+    # * <tt>:select</tt> - By default, this is "*" as in "SELECT * FROM", but can be changed if you,
+    #   for example, want to do a join but not include the joined columns. Takes a string with the SELECT SQL fragment (e.g. "id, name").
+    # * <tt>:from</tt> - By default, this is the table name of the class, but can be changed
+    #   to an alternate table name (or even the name of a database view).
+    # * <tt>:readonly</tt> - Mark the returned records read-only so they cannot be saved or updated.
+    # * <tt>:lock</tt> - An SQL fragment like "FOR UPDATE" or "LOCK IN SHARE MODE".
+    #   <tt>:lock => true</tt> gives connection's default exclusive lock, usually "FOR UPDATE".
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   # find by id
+    #   Person.find(1)       # returns the object for ID = 1
+    #   Person.find(1, 2, 6) # returns an array for objects with IDs in (1, 2, 6)
+    #   Person.find([7, 17]) # returns an array for objects with IDs in (7, 17)
+    #   Person.find([1])     # returns an array for the object with ID = 1
+    #   Person.find(1, :conditions => "administrator = 1", :order => "created_on DESC")
+    #
+    # Note that returned records may not be in the same order as the ids you
+    # provide since database rows are unordered. Give an explicit <tt>:order</tt>
+    # to ensure the results are sorted.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   # find first
+    #   Person.find(:first) # returns the first object fetched by SELECT * FROM people
+    #   Person.find(:first, :conditions => [ "user_name = ?", user_name])
+    #   Person.find(:first, :conditions => [ "user_name = :u", { :u => user_name }])
+    #   Person.find(:first, :order => "created_on DESC", :offset => 5)
+    #
+    #   # find last
+    #   Person.find(:last) # returns the last object fetched by SELECT * FROM people
+    #   Person.find(:last, :conditions => [ "user_name = ?", user_name])
+    #   Person.find(:last, :order => "created_on DESC", :offset => 5)
+    #
+    #   # find all
+    #   Person.find(:all) # returns an array of objects for all the rows fetched by SELECT * FROM people
+    #   Person.find(:all, :conditions => [ "category IN (?)", categories], :limit => 50)
+    #   Person.find(:all, :conditions => { :friends => ["Bob", "Steve", "Fred"] }
+    #   Person.find(:all, :offset => 10, :limit => 10)
+    #   Person.find(:all, :include => [ :account, :friends ])
+    #   Person.find(:all, :group => "category")
+    #
+    # Example for find with a lock: Imagine two concurrent transactions:
+    # each will read <tt>person.visits == 2</tt>, add 1 to it, and save, resulting
+    # in two saves of <tt>person.visits = 3</tt>.  By locking the row, the second
+    # transaction has to wait until the first is finished; we get the
+    # expected <tt>person.visits == 4</tt>.
+    #
+    #   Person.transaction do
+    #     person = Person.find(1, :lock => true)
+    #     person.visits += 1
+    #     person.save!
+    #   end
+    def find(*args)
+      return to_a.find { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } if block_given?
+
+      options = args.extract_options!
+
+      if options.present?
+        apply_finder_options(options).find(*args)
+      else
+        case args.first
+        when :first, :last, :all
+          send(args.first)
+        else
+          find_with_ids(*args)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A convenience wrapper for <tt>find(:first, *args)</tt>. You can pass in all the
+    # same arguments to this method as you can to <tt>find(:first)</tt>.
+    def first(*args)
+      if args.any?
+        if args.first.kind_of?(Integer) || (loaded? && !args.first.kind_of?(Hash))
+          to_a.first(*args)
+        else
+          apply_finder_options(args.first).first
+        end
+      else
+        find_first
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A convenience wrapper for <tt>find(:last, *args)</tt>. You can pass in all the
+    # same arguments to this method as you can to <tt>find(:last)</tt>.
+    def last(*args)
+      if args.any?
+        if args.first.kind_of?(Integer) || (loaded? && !args.first.kind_of?(Hash))
+          to_a.last(*args)
+        else
+          apply_finder_options(args.first).last
+        end
+      else
+        find_last
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A convenience wrapper for <tt>find(:all, *args)</tt>. You can pass in all the
+    # same arguments to this method as you can to <tt>find(:all)</tt>.
+    def all(*args)
+      args.any? ? apply_finder_options(args.first).to_a : to_a
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if a record exists in the table that matches the +id+ or
+    # conditions given, or false otherwise. The argument can take five forms:
+    #
+    # * Integer - Finds the record with this primary key.
+    # * String - Finds the record with a primary key corresponding to this
+    #   string (such as <tt>'5'</tt>).
+    # * Array - Finds the record that matches these +find+-style conditions
+    #   (such as <tt>['color = ?', 'red']</tt>).
+    # * Hash - Finds the record that matches these +find+-style conditions
+    #   (such as <tt>{:color => 'red'}</tt>).
+    # * No args - Returns false if the table is empty, true otherwise.
+    #
+    # For more information about specifying conditions as a Hash or Array,
+    # see the Conditions section in the introduction to ActiveRecord::Base.
+    #
+    # Note: You can't pass in a condition as a string (like <tt>name =
+    # 'Jamie'</tt>), since it would be sanitized and then queried against
+    # the primary key column, like <tt>id = 'name = \'Jamie\''</tt>.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #   Person.exists?(5)
+    #   Person.exists?('5')
+    #   Person.exists?(:name => "David")
+    #   Person.exists?(['name LIKE ?', "%#{query}%"])
+    #   Person.exists?
+    def exists?(id = nil)
+      id = id.id if ActiveRecord::Base === id
+
+      case id
+      when Array, Hash
+        where(id).exists?
+      else
+        relation = select(primary_key).limit(1)
+        relation = relation.where(primary_key.eq(id)) if id
+        relation.first ? true : false
+      end
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def find_with_associations
+      including = (@eager_load_values + @includes_values).uniq
+      join_dependency = ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods::JoinDependency.new(@klass, including, nil)
+      rows = construct_relation_for_association_find(join_dependency).to_a
+      join_dependency.instantiate(rows)
+    rescue ThrowResult
+      []
+    end
+
+    def construct_relation_for_association_calculations
+      including = (@eager_load_values + @includes_values).uniq
+      join_dependency = ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods::JoinDependency.new(@klass, including, arel.joins(arel))
+      relation = except(:includes, :eager_load, :preload)
+      apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency)
+    end
+
+    def construct_relation_for_association_find(join_dependency)
+      relation = except(:includes, :eager_load, :preload, :select).select(column_aliases(join_dependency))
+      apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency)
+    end
+
+    def apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency)
+      for association in join_dependency.join_associations
+        relation = association.join_relation(relation)
+      end
+
+      limitable_reflections = using_limitable_reflections?(join_dependency.reflections)
+
+      if !limitable_reflections && relation.limit_value
+        limited_id_condition = construct_limited_ids_condition(relation.except(:select))
+        relation = relation.where(limited_id_condition)
+      end
+
+      relation = relation.except(:limit, :offset) unless limitable_reflections
+
+      relation
+    end
+
+    def construct_limited_ids_condition(relation)
+      orders = relation.order_values.join(", ")
+      values = @klass.connection.distinct("#{@klass.connection.quote_table_name @klass.table_name}.#{@klass.primary_key}", orders)
+
+      ids_array = relation.select(values).collect {|row| row[@klass.primary_key]}
+      ids_array.empty? ? raise(ThrowResult) : primary_key.in(ids_array)
+    end
+
+    def find_by_attributes(match, attributes, *args)
+      conditions = attributes.inject({}) {|h, a| h[a] = args[attributes.index(a)]; h}
+      result = where(conditions).send(match.finder)
+
+      if match.bang? && result.blank?
+        raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with #{conditions.to_a.collect {|p| p.join(' = ')}.join(', ')}"
+      else
+        result
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_or_instantiator_by_attributes(match, attributes, *args)
+      protected_attributes_for_create, unprotected_attributes_for_create = {}, {}
+      args.each_with_index do |arg, i|
+        if arg.is_a?(Hash)
+          protected_attributes_for_create = args[i].with_indifferent_access
+        else
+          unprotected_attributes_for_create[attributes[i]] = args[i]
+        end
+      end
+
+      conditions = (protected_attributes_for_create.merge(unprotected_attributes_for_create)).slice(*attributes).symbolize_keys
+
+      record = where(conditions).first
+
+      unless record
+        record = @klass.new do |r|
+          r.send(:attributes=, protected_attributes_for_create, true) unless protected_attributes_for_create.empty?
+          r.send(:attributes=, unprotected_attributes_for_create, false) unless unprotected_attributes_for_create.empty?
+        end
+        yield(record) if block_given?
+        record.save if match.instantiator == :create
+      end
+
+      record
+    end
+
+    def find_with_ids(*ids)
+      return to_a.find { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } if block_given?
+
+      expects_array = ids.first.kind_of?(Array)
+      return ids.first if expects_array && ids.first.empty?
+
+      ids = ids.flatten.compact.uniq
+
+      case ids.size
+      when 0
+        raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} without an ID"
+      when 1
+        result = find_one(ids.first)
+        expects_array ? [ result ] : result
+      else
+        find_some(ids)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_one(id)
+      id = id.id if ActiveRecord::Base === id
+
+      record = where(primary_key.eq(id)).first
+
+      unless record
+        conditions = arel.wheres.map { |x| x.value }.join(', ')
+        conditions = " [WHERE #{conditions}]" if conditions.present?
+        raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with ID=#{id}#{conditions}"
+      end
+
+      record
+    end
+
+    def find_some(ids)
+      result = where(primary_key.in(ids)).all
+
+      expected_size =
+        if @limit_value && ids.size > @limit_value
+          @limit_value
+        else
+          ids.size
+        end
+
+      # 11 ids with limit 3, offset 9 should give 2 results.
+      if @offset_value && (ids.size - @offset_value < expected_size)
+        expected_size = ids.size - @offset_value
+      end
+
+      if result.size == expected_size
+        result
+      else
+        conditions = arel.wheres.map { |x| x.value }.join(', ')
+        conditions = " [WHERE #{conditions}]" if conditions.present?
+
+        error = "Couldn't find all #{@klass.name.pluralize} with IDs "
+        error << "(#{ids.join(", ")})#{conditions} (found #{result.size} results, but was looking for #{expected_size})"
+        raise RecordNotFound, error
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_first
+      if loaded?
+        @records.first
+      else
+        @first ||= limit(1).to_a[0]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_last
+      if loaded?
+        @records.last
+      else
+        @last ||= reverse_order.limit(1).to_a[0]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def column_aliases(join_dependency)
+      join_dependency.joins.collect{|join| join.column_names_with_alias.collect{|column_name, aliased_name|
+          "#{connection.quote_table_name join.aliased_table_name}.#{connection.quote_column_name column_name} AS #{aliased_name}"}}.flatten.join(", ")
+    end
+
+    def using_limitable_reflections?(reflections)
+      reflections.none? { |r| r.collection? }
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  class PredicateBuilder
+
+    def initialize(engine)
+      @engine = engine
+    end
+
+    def build_from_hash(attributes, default_table)
+      predicates = attributes.map do |column, value|
+        table = default_table
+
+        if value.is_a?(Hash)
+          table = Arel::Table.new(column, :engine => @engine)
+          build_from_hash(value, table)
+        else
+          column = column.to_s
+
+          if column.include?('.')
+            table_name, column = column.split('.', 2)
+            table = Arel::Table.new(table_name, :engine => @engine)
+          end
+
+          attribute = table[column] || Arel::Attribute.new(table, column)
+
+          case value
+          when Array, ActiveRecord::Associations::AssociationCollection, ActiveRecord::Relation
+            values = value.to_a
+            attribute.in(values)
+          when Range, Arel::Relation
+            attribute.in(value)
+          else
+            attribute.eq(value)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      predicates.flatten
+    end
+
+  end
+end