active_module 0.6.1 → 0.6.2

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/activerecord-8.1.2/lib/active_record/associations.rb

@@ -1,2047 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module ActiveRecord
-  # See ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods for documentation.
-  module Associations # :nodoc:
-    extend ActiveSupport::Autoload
-    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
-
-    # These classes will be loaded when associations are created.
-    # So there is no need to eager load them.
-    autoload :Association
-    autoload :SingularAssociation
-    autoload :CollectionAssociation
-    autoload :ForeignAssociation
-    autoload :CollectionProxy
-    autoload :ThroughAssociation
-
-    module Builder # :nodoc:
-      autoload :Association,           "active_record/associations/builder/association"
-      autoload :SingularAssociation,   "active_record/associations/builder/singular_association"
-      autoload :CollectionAssociation, "active_record/associations/builder/collection_association"
-
-      autoload :BelongsTo,           "active_record/associations/builder/belongs_to"
-      autoload :HasOne,              "active_record/associations/builder/has_one"
-      autoload :HasMany,             "active_record/associations/builder/has_many"
-      autoload :HasAndBelongsToMany, "active_record/associations/builder/has_and_belongs_to_many"
-    end
-
-    eager_autoload do
-      autoload :BelongsToAssociation
-      autoload :BelongsToPolymorphicAssociation
-      autoload :HasManyAssociation
-      autoload :HasManyThroughAssociation
-      autoload :HasOneAssociation
-      autoload :HasOneThroughAssociation
-
-      autoload :Preloader
-      autoload :JoinDependency
-      autoload :AssociationScope
-      autoload :DisableJoinsAssociationScope
-      autoload :AliasTracker
-
-      autoload :Deprecation
-    end
-
-    def self.eager_load!
-      super
-      Preloader.eager_load!
-      JoinDependency.eager_load!
-    end
-
-    # Returns the association instance for the given name, instantiating it if it doesn't already exist
-    def association(name) # :nodoc:
-      association = association_instance_get(name)
-
-      if association.nil?
-        unless reflection = self.class._reflect_on_association(name)
-          raise AssociationNotFoundError.new(self, name)
-        end
-        association = reflection.association_class.new(self, reflection)
-        association_instance_set(name, association)
-      end
-
-      association
-    end
-
-    def association_cached?(name) # :nodoc:
-      @association_cache.key?(name)
-    end
-
-    def initialize_dup(*) # :nodoc:
-      @association_cache = {}
-      super
-    end
-
-    private
-      def init_internals
-        super
-        @association_cache = {}
-      end
-
-      # Returns the specified association instance if it exists, +nil+ otherwise.
-      def association_instance_get(name)
-        (@association_cache ||= {})[name]
-      end
-
-      # Set the specified association instance.
-      def association_instance_set(name, association)
-        @association_cache[name] = association
-      end
-
-      def deprecated_associations_api_guard(association, method_name)
-        Deprecation.guard(association.reflection) { "the method #{method_name} was invoked" }
-      end
-
-      def report_deprecated_association(reflection, context:)
-        Deprecation.report(reflection, context: context)
-      end
-
-      # = Active Record \Associations
-      #
-      # \Associations are a set of macro-like class methods for tying objects together through
-      # foreign keys. They express relationships like "Project has one Project Manager"
-      # or "Project belongs to a Portfolio". Each macro adds a number of methods to the
-      # class which are specialized according to the collection or association symbol and the
-      # options hash. It works much the same way as Ruby's own <tt>attr*</tt>
-      # methods.
-      #
-      #   class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to              :portfolio
-      #     has_one                 :project_manager
-      #     has_many                :milestones
-      #     has_and_belongs_to_many :categories
-      #   end
-      #
-      # The project class now has the following methods (and more) to ease the traversal and
-      # manipulation of its relationships:
-      #
-      #   project = Project.first
-      #   project.portfolio
-      #   project.portfolio = Portfolio.first
-      #   project.reload_portfolio
-      #
-      #   project.project_manager
-      #   project.project_manager = ProjectManager.first
-      #   project.reload_project_manager
-      #
-      #   project.milestones.empty?
-      #   project.milestones.size
-      #   project.milestones
-      #   project.milestones << Milestone.first
-      #   project.milestones.delete(Milestone.first)
-      #   project.milestones.destroy(Milestone.first)
-      #   project.milestones.find(Milestone.first.id)
-      #   project.milestones.build
-      #   project.milestones.create
-      #
-      #   project.categories.empty?
-      #   project.categories.size
-      #   project.categories
-      #   project.categories << Category.first
-      #   project.categories.delete(category1)
-      #   project.categories.destroy(category1)
-      #
-      # === A word of warning
-      #
-      # Don't create associations that have the same name as {instance methods}[rdoc-ref:ActiveRecord::Core] of
-      # +ActiveRecord::Base+. Since the association adds a method with that name to
-      # its model, using an association with the same name as one provided by +ActiveRecord::Base+ will override the method inherited through +ActiveRecord::Base+ and will break things.
-      # For instance, +attributes+ and +connection+ would be bad choices for association names, because those names already exist in the list of +ActiveRecord::Base+ instance methods.
-      #
-      # == Auto-generated methods
-      # See also "Instance Public methods" below ( from #belongs_to ) for more details.
-      #
-      # === Singular associations (one-to-one)
-      #                                     |            |  belongs_to  |
-      #   generated methods                 | belongs_to | :polymorphic | has_one
-      #   ----------------------------------+------------+--------------+---------
-      #   other                             |     X      |      X       |    X
-      #   other=(other)                     |     X      |      X       |    X
-      #   build_other(attributes={})        |     X      |              |    X
-      #   create_other(attributes={})       |     X      |              |    X
-      #   create_other!(attributes={})      |     X      |              |    X
-      #   reload_other                      |     X      |      X       |    X
-      #   other_changed?                    |     X      |      X       |
-      #   other_previously_changed?         |     X      |      X       |
-      #
-      # === Collection associations (one-to-many / many-to-many)
-      #                                     |       |          | has_many
-      #   generated methods                 | habtm | has_many | :through
-      #   ----------------------------------+-------+----------+----------
-      #   others                            |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others=(other,other,...)          |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   other_ids                         |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   other_ids=(id,id,...)             |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others<<                          |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.push                       |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.concat                     |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.build(attributes={})       |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.create(attributes={})      |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.create!(attributes={})     |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.size                       |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.length                     |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.count                      |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.sum(*args)                 |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.empty?                     |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.clear                      |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.delete(other,other,...)    |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.delete_all                 |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.destroy(other,other,...)   |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.destroy_all                |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.find(*args)                |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.exists?                    |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.distinct                   |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.reset                      |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #   others.reload                     |   X   |    X     |    X
-      #
-      # === Overriding generated methods
-      #
-      # Association methods are generated in a module included into the model
-      # class, making overrides easy. The original generated method can thus be
-      # called with +super+:
-      #
-      #   class Car < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :owner
-      #     belongs_to :old_owner
-      #
-      #     def owner=(new_owner)
-      #       self.old_owner = self.owner
-      #       super
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      # The association methods module is included immediately after the
-      # generated attributes methods module, meaning an association will
-      # override the methods for an attribute with the same name.
-      #
-      # == Cardinality and associations
-      #
-      # Active Record associations can be used to describe one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many
-      # relationships between models. Each model uses an association to describe its role in
-      # the relation. The #belongs_to association is always used in the model that has
-      # the foreign key.
-      #
-      # === One-to-one
-      #
-      # Use #has_one in the base, and #belongs_to in the associated model.
-      #
-      #   class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_one :office
-      #   end
-      #   class Office < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :employee    # foreign key - employee_id
-      #   end
-      #
-      # === One-to-many
-      #
-      # Use #has_many in the base, and #belongs_to in the associated model.
-      #
-      #   class Manager < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :employees
-      #   end
-      #   class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :manager     # foreign key - manager_id
-      #   end
-      #
-      # === Many-to-many
-      #
-      # There are two ways to build a many-to-many relationship.
-      #
-      # The first way uses a #has_many association with the <tt>:through</tt> option and a join model, so
-      # there are two stages of associations.
-      #
-      #   class Assignment < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :programmer  # foreign key - programmer_id
-      #     belongs_to :project     # foreign key - project_id
-      #   end
-      #   class Programmer < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :assignments
-      #     has_many :projects, through: :assignments
-      #   end
-      #   class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :assignments
-      #     has_many :programmers, through: :assignments
-      #   end
-      #
-      # For the second way, use #has_and_belongs_to_many in both models. This requires a join table
-      # that has no corresponding model or primary key.
-      #
-      #   class Programmer < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_and_belongs_to_many :projects       # foreign keys in the join table
-      #   end
-      #   class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_and_belongs_to_many :programmers    # foreign keys in the join table
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Choosing which way to build a many-to-many relationship is not always simple.
-      # If you need to work with the relationship model as its own entity,
-      # use #has_many <tt>:through</tt>. Use #has_and_belongs_to_many when working with legacy schemas or when
-      # you never work directly with the relationship itself.
-      #
-      # == Is it a #belongs_to or #has_one association?
-      #
-      # Both express a 1-1 relationship. The difference is mostly where to place the foreign
-      # key, which goes on the table for the class declaring the #belongs_to relationship.
-      #
-      #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     # I reference an account.
-      #     belongs_to :account
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     # One user references me.
-      #     has_one :user
-      #   end
-      #
-      # The tables for these classes could look something like:
-      #
-      #   CREATE TABLE users (
-      #     id bigint NOT NULL auto_increment,
-      #     account_id bigint default NULL,
-      #     name varchar default NULL,
-      #     PRIMARY KEY  (id)
-      #   )
-      #
-      #   CREATE TABLE accounts (
-      #     id bigint NOT NULL auto_increment,
-      #     name varchar default NULL,
-      #     PRIMARY KEY  (id)
-      #   )
-      #
-      # == Unsaved objects and associations
-      #
-      # You can manipulate objects and associations before they are saved to the database, but
-      # there is some special behavior you should be aware of, mostly involving the saving of
-      # associated objects.
-      #
-      # You can set the <tt>:autosave</tt> option on a #has_one, #belongs_to,
-      # #has_many, or #has_and_belongs_to_many association. Setting it
-      # to +true+ will _always_ save the members, whereas setting it to +false+ will
-      # _never_ save the members. More details about <tt>:autosave</tt> option is available at
-      # AutosaveAssociation.
-      #
-      # === One-to-one associations
-      #
-      # * Assigning an object to a #has_one association automatically saves that object and
-      #   the object being replaced (if there is one), in order to update their foreign
-      #   keys - except if the parent object is unsaved (<tt>new_record? == true</tt>).
-      # * If either of these saves fail (due to one of the objects being invalid), an
-      #   ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved exception is raised and the assignment is
-      #   cancelled.
-      # * If you wish to assign an object to a #has_one association without saving it,
-      #   use the <tt>#build_association</tt> method (documented below). The object being
-      #   replaced will still be saved to update its foreign key.
-      # * Assigning an object to a #belongs_to association does not save the object, since
-      #   the foreign key field belongs on the parent. It does not save the parent either.
-      #
-      # === Collections
-      #
-      # * Adding an object to a collection (#has_many or #has_and_belongs_to_many) automatically
-      #   saves that object, except if the parent object (the owner of the collection) is not yet
-      #   stored in the database.
-      # * If saving any of the objects being added to a collection (via <tt>push</tt> or similar)
-      #   fails, then <tt>push</tt> returns +false+.
-      # * If saving fails while replacing the collection (via <tt>association=</tt>), an
-      #   ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved exception is raised and the assignment is
-      #   cancelled.
-      # * You can add an object to a collection without automatically saving it by using the
-      #   <tt>collection.build</tt> method (documented below).
-      # * All unsaved (<tt>new_record? == true</tt>) members of the collection are automatically
-      #   saved when the parent is saved.
-      #
-      # == Customizing the query
-      #
-      # \Associations are built from <tt>Relation</tt> objects, and you can use the Relation syntax
-      # to customize them. For example, to add a condition:
-      #
-      #   class Blog < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :published_posts, -> { where(published: true) }, class_name: 'Post'
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Inside the <tt>-> { ... }</tt> block you can use all of the usual Relation methods.
-      #
-      # === Accessing the owner object
-      #
-      # Sometimes it is useful to have access to the owner object when building the query. The owner
-      # is passed as a parameter to the block. For example, the following association would find all
-      # events that occur on the user's birthday:
-      #
-      #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :birthday_events, ->(user) { where(starts_on: user.birthday) }, class_name: 'Event'
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Note: Joining or eager loading such associations is not possible because
-      # those operations happen before instance creation. Such associations
-      # _can_ be preloaded, but doing so will perform N+1 queries because there
-      # will be a different scope for each record (similar to preloading
-      # polymorphic scopes).
-      #
-      # == Association callbacks
-      #
-      # Similar to the normal callbacks that hook into the life cycle of an Active Record object,
-      # you can also define callbacks that get triggered when you add an object to or remove an
-      # object from an association collection.
-      #
-      #   class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :clients,
-      #              dependent: :destroy,
-      #              after_add: :congratulate_client,
-      #              after_remove: :log_after_remove
-      #
-      #     def congratulate_client(client)
-      #       # ...
-      #     end
-      #
-      #     def log_after_remove(client)
-      #       # ...
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Callbacks can be defined in three ways:
-      #
-      # 1. A symbol that references a method defined on the class with the
-      #    associated collection. For example, <tt>after_add: :congratulate_client</tt>
-      #    invokes <tt>Firm#congratulate_client(client)</tt>.
-      # 2. A callable with a signature that accepts both the record with the
-      #    associated collection and the record being added or removed. For
-      #    example, <tt>after_add: ->(firm, client) { ... }</tt>.
-      # 3. An object that responds to the callback name. For example, passing
-      #    <tt>after_add: CallbackObject.new</tt> invokes <tt>CallbackObject#after_add(firm,
-      #    client)</tt>.
-      #
-      # It's possible to stack callbacks by passing them as an array. Example:
-      #
-      #   class CallbackObject
-      #     def after_add(firm, client)
-      #       firm.log << "after_adding #{client.id}"
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :clients,
-      #              dependent: :destroy,
-      #              after_add: [
-      #                :congratulate_client,
-      #                -> (firm, client) { firm.log << "after_adding #{client.id}" },
-      #                CallbackObject.new
-      #              ],
-      #              after_remove: :log_after_remove
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Possible callbacks are: +before_add+, +after_add+, +before_remove+, and +after_remove+.
-      #
-      # If any of the +before_add+ callbacks throw an exception, the object will not be
-      # added to the collection.
-      #
-      # Similarly, if any of the +before_remove+ callbacks throw an exception, the object
-      # will not be removed from the collection.
-      #
-      # Note: To trigger remove callbacks, you must use +destroy+ / +destroy_all+ methods. For example:
-      #
-      # * <tt>firm.clients.destroy(client)</tt>
-      # * <tt>firm.clients.destroy(*clients)</tt>
-      # * <tt>firm.clients.destroy_all</tt>
-      #
-      # +delete+ / +delete_all+ methods like the following do *not* trigger remove callbacks:
-      #
-      # * <tt>firm.clients.delete(client)</tt>
-      # * <tt>firm.clients.delete(*clients)</tt>
-      # * <tt>firm.clients.delete_all</tt>
-      #
-      # == Association extensions
-      #
-      # The proxy objects that control the access to associations can be extended through anonymous
-      # modules. This is especially beneficial for adding new finders, creators, and other
-      # factory-type methods that are only used as part of this association.
-      #
-      #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :people do
-      #       def find_or_create_by_name(name)
-      #         first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2)
-      #         find_or_create_by(first_name: first_name, last_name: last_name)
-      #       end
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   person = Account.first.people.find_or_create_by_name("David Heinemeier Hansson")
-      #   person.first_name # => "David"
-      #   person.last_name  # => "Heinemeier Hansson"
-      #
-      # If you need to share the same extensions between many associations, you can use a named
-      # extension module.
-      #
-      #   module FindOrCreateByNameExtension
-      #     def find_or_create_by_name(name)
-      #       first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2)
-      #       find_or_create_by(first_name: first_name, last_name: last_name)
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :people, -> { extending FindOrCreateByNameExtension }
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :people, -> { extending FindOrCreateByNameExtension }
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Some extensions can only be made to work with knowledge of the association's internals.
-      # Extensions can access relevant state using the following methods (where +items+ is the
-      # name of the association):
-      #
-      # * <tt>record.association(:items).owner</tt> - Returns the object the association is part of.
-      # * <tt>record.association(:items).reflection</tt> - Returns the reflection object that describes the association.
-      # * <tt>record.association(:items).target</tt> - Returns the associated object for #belongs_to and #has_one, or
-      #   the collection of associated objects for #has_many and #has_and_belongs_to_many.
-      #
-      # However, inside the actual extension code, you will not have access to the <tt>record</tt> as
-      # above. In this case, you can access <tt>proxy_association</tt>. For example,
-      # <tt>record.association(:items)</tt> and <tt>record.items.proxy_association</tt> will return
-      # the same object, allowing you to make calls like <tt>proxy_association.owner</tt> inside
-      # association extensions.
-      #
-      # == Association Join Models
-      #
-      # Has Many associations can be configured with the <tt>:through</tt> option to use an
-      # explicit join model to retrieve the data. This operates similarly to a
-      # #has_and_belongs_to_many association. The advantage is that you're able to add validations,
-      # callbacks, and extra attributes on the join model. Consider the following schema:
-      #
-      #   class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :authorships
-      #     has_many :books, through: :authorships
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Authorship < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :author
-      #     belongs_to :book
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   @author = Author.first
-      #   @author.authorships.collect { |a| a.book } # selects all books that the author's authorships belong to
-      #   @author.books                              # selects all books by using the Authorship join model
-      #
-      # You can also go through a #has_many association on the join model:
-      #
-      #   class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many   :clients
-      #     has_many   :invoices, through: :clients
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Client < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :firm
-      #     has_many   :invoices
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Invoice < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :client
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   @firm = Firm.first
-      #   @firm.clients.flat_map { |c| c.invoices } # select all invoices for all clients of the firm
-      #   @firm.invoices                            # selects all invoices by going through the Client join model
-      #
-      # Similarly you can go through a #has_one association on the join model:
-      #
-      #   class Group < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many   :users
-      #     has_many   :avatars, through: :users
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :group
-      #     has_one    :avatar
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Avatar < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :user
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   @group = Group.first
-      #   @group.users.collect { |u| u.avatar }.compact # select all avatars for all users in the group
-      #   @group.avatars                                # selects all avatars by going through the User join model.
-      #
-      # An important caveat with going through #has_one or #has_many associations on the
-      # join model is that these associations are *read-only*. For example, the following
-      # would not work following the previous example:
-      #
-      #   @group.avatars << Avatar.new   # this would work if User belonged_to Avatar rather than the other way around
-      #   @group.avatars.delete(@group.avatars.last)  # so would this
-      #
-      # === Setting Inverses
-      #
-      # If you are using a #belongs_to on the join model, it is a good idea to set the
-      # <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option on the #belongs_to, which will mean that the following example
-      # works correctly (where <tt>tags</tt> is a #has_many <tt>:through</tt> association):
-      #
-      #   @post = Post.first
-      #   @tag = @post.tags.build name: "ruby"
-      #   @tag.save
-      #
-      # The last line ought to save the through record (a <tt>Tagging</tt>). This will only work if the
-      # <tt>:inverse_of</tt> is set:
-      #
-      #   class Tagging < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :post
-      #     belongs_to :tag, inverse_of: :taggings
-      #   end
-      #
-      # If you do not set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> record, the association will
-      # do its best to match itself up with the correct inverse. Automatic
-      # inverse detection only works on #has_many, #has_one, and
-      # #belongs_to associations.
-      #
-      # <tt>:foreign_key</tt> and <tt>:through</tt> options on the associations
-      # will also prevent the association's inverse from being found automatically,
-      # as will a custom scopes in some cases. See further details in the
-      # {Active Record Associations guide}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/association_basics.html#bi-directional-associations].
-      #
-      # The automatic guessing of the inverse association uses a heuristic based
-      # on the name of the class, so it may not work for all associations,
-      # especially the ones with non-standard names.
-      #
-      # You can turn off the automatic detection of inverse associations by setting
-      # the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option to <tt>false</tt> like so:
-      #
-      #   class Tagging < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :tag, inverse_of: false
-      #   end
-      #
-      # == Nested \Associations
-      #
-      # You can actually specify *any* association with the <tt>:through</tt> option, including an
-      # association which has a <tt>:through</tt> option itself. For example:
-      #
-      #   class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :posts
-      #     has_many :comments, through: :posts
-      #     has_many :commenters, through: :comments
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :comments
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :commenter
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   @author = Author.first
-      #   @author.commenters # => People who commented on posts written by the author
-      #
-      # An equivalent way of setting up this association this would be:
-      #
-      #   class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :posts
-      #     has_many :commenters, through: :posts
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :comments
-      #     has_many :commenters, through: :comments
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :commenter
-      #   end
-      #
-      # When using a nested association, you will not be able to modify the association because there
-      # is not enough information to know what modification to make. For example, if you tried to
-      # add a <tt>Commenter</tt> in the example above, there would be no way to tell how to set up the
-      # intermediate <tt>Post</tt> and <tt>Comment</tt> objects.
-      #
-      # == Polymorphic \Associations
-      #
-      # Polymorphic associations on models are not restricted on what types of models they
-      # can be associated with. Rather, they specify an interface that a #has_many association
-      # must adhere to.
-      #
-      #   class Asset < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :attachable, polymorphic: true
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :assets, as: :attachable         # The :as option specifies the polymorphic interface to use.
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   @asset.attachable = @post
-      #
-      # This works by using a type column in addition to a foreign key to specify the associated
-      # record. In the Asset example, you'd need an +attachable_id+ integer column and an
-      # +attachable_type+ string column.
-      #
-      # Using polymorphic associations in combination with single table inheritance (STI) is
-      # a little tricky. In order for the associations to work as expected, ensure that you
-      # store the base model for the STI models in the type column of the polymorphic
-      # association. To continue with the asset example above, suppose there are guest posts
-      # and member posts that use the posts table for STI. In this case, there must be a +type+
-      # column in the posts table.
-      #
-      # Note: The <tt>attachable_type=</tt> method is being called when assigning an +attachable+.
-      # The +class_name+ of the +attachable+ is passed as a String.
-      #
-      #   class Asset < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :attachable, polymorphic: true
-      #
-      #     def attachable_type=(class_name)
-      #        super(class_name.constantize.base_class.to_s)
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     # because we store "Post" in attachable_type now dependent: :destroy will work
-      #     has_many :assets, as: :attachable, dependent: :destroy
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class GuestPost < Post
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   class MemberPost < Post
-      #   end
-      #
-      # == Caching
-      #
-      # All of the methods are built on a simple caching principle that will keep the result
-      # of the last query around unless specifically instructed not to. The cache is even
-      # shared across methods to make it even cheaper to use the macro-added methods without
-      # worrying too much about performance at the first go.
-      #
-      #   project.milestones             # fetches milestones from the database
-      #   project.milestones.size        # uses the milestone cache
-      #   project.milestones.empty?      # uses the milestone cache
-      #   project.milestones.reload.size # fetches milestones from the database
-      #   project.milestones             # uses the milestone cache
-      #
-      # == Eager loading of associations
-      #
-      # Eager loading is a way to find objects of a certain class and a number of named associations.
-      # It is one of the easiest ways to prevent the dreaded N+1 problem in which fetching 100
-      # posts that each need to display their author triggers 101 database queries. Through the
-      # use of eager loading, the number of queries will be reduced from 101 to 2.
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :author
-      #     has_many   :comments
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Consider the following loop using the class above:
-      #
-      #   Post.all.each do |post|
-      #     puts "Post:            " + post.title
-      #     puts "Written by:      " + post.author.name
-      #     puts "Last comment on: " + post.comments.first.created_on
-      #   end
-      #
-      # To iterate over these one hundred posts, we'll generate 201 database queries. Let's
-      # first just optimize it for retrieving the author:
-      #
-      #   Post.includes(:author).each do |post|
-      #
-      # This references the name of the #belongs_to association that also used the <tt>:author</tt>
-      # symbol. After loading the posts, +find+ will collect the +author_id+ from each one and load
-      # all of the referenced authors with one query. Doing so will cut down the number of queries
-      # from 201 to 102.
-      #
-      # We can improve upon the situation further by referencing both associations in the finder with:
-      #
-      #   Post.includes(:author, :comments).each do |post|
-      #
-      # This will load all comments with a single query. This reduces the total number of queries
-      # to 3. In general, the number of queries will be 1 plus the number of associations
-      # named (except if some of the associations are polymorphic #belongs_to - see below).
-      #
-      # To include a deep hierarchy of associations, use a hash:
-      #
-      #   Post.includes(:author, { comments: { author: :gravatar } }).each do |post|
-      #
-      # The above code will load all the comments and all of their associated
-      # authors and gravatars. You can mix and match any combination of symbols,
-      # arrays, and hashes to retrieve the associations you want to load.
-      #
-      # All of this power shouldn't fool you into thinking that you can pull out huge amounts
-      # of data with no performance penalty just because you've reduced the number of queries.
-      # The database still needs to send all the data to Active Record and it still needs to
-      # be processed. So it's no catch-all for performance problems, but it's a great way to
-      # cut down on the number of queries in a situation as the one described above.
-      #
-      # Since only one table is loaded at a time, conditions or orders cannot reference tables
-      # other than the main one. If this is the case, Active Record falls back to the previously
-      # used <tt>LEFT OUTER JOIN</tt> based strategy. For example:
-      #
-      #   Post.includes([:author, :comments]).where(['comments.approved = ?', true])
-      #
-      # This will result in a single SQL query with joins along the lines of:
-      # <tt>LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = posts.id</tt> and
-      # <tt>LEFT OUTER JOIN authors ON authors.id = posts.author_id</tt>. Note that using conditions
-      # like this can have unintended consequences.
-      # In the above example, posts with no approved comments are not returned at all because
-      # the conditions apply to the SQL statement as a whole and not just to the association.
-      #
-      # You must disambiguate column references for this fallback to happen, for example
-      # <tt>order: "author.name DESC"</tt> will work but <tt>order: "name DESC"</tt> will not.
-      #
-      # If you want to load all posts (including posts with no approved comments), then write
-      # your own <tt>LEFT OUTER JOIN</tt> query using <tt>ON</tt>:
-      #
-      #   Post.joins("LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = posts.id AND comments.approved = '1'")
-      #
-      # In this case, it is usually more natural to include an association which has conditions defined on it:
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :approved_comments, -> { where(approved: true) }, class_name: 'Comment'
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   Post.includes(:approved_comments)
-      #
-      # This will load posts and eager load the +approved_comments+ association, which contains
-      # only those comments that have been approved.
-      #
-      # If you eager load an association with a specified <tt>:limit</tt> option, it will be ignored,
-      # returning all the associated objects:
-      #
-      #   class Picture < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :most_recent_comments, -> { order('id DESC').limit(10) }, class_name: 'Comment'
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   Picture.includes(:most_recent_comments).first.most_recent_comments # => returns all associated comments.
-      #
-      # Eager loading is supported with polymorphic associations.
-      #
-      #   class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     belongs_to :addressable, polymorphic: true
-      #   end
-      #
-      # A call that tries to eager load the addressable model
-      #
-      #   Address.includes(:addressable)
-      #
-      # This will execute one query to load the addresses and load the addressables with one
-      # query per addressable type.
-      # For example, if all the addressables are either of class Person or Company, then a total
-      # of 3 queries will be executed. The list of addressable types to load is determined on
-      # the back of the addresses loaded. This is not supported if Active Record has to fall back
-      # to the previous implementation of eager loading and will raise ActiveRecord::EagerLoadPolymorphicError.
-      # The reason is that the parent model's type is a column value so its corresponding table
-      # name cannot be put in the +FROM+/+JOIN+ clauses of that query.
-      #
-      # == Table Aliasing
-      #
-      # Active Record uses table aliasing in the case that a table is referenced multiple times
-      # in a join. If a table is referenced only once, the standard table name is used. The
-      # second time, the table is aliased as <tt>#{reflection_name}_#{parent_table_name}</tt>.
-      # Indexes are appended for any more successive uses of the table name.
-      #
-      #   Post.joins(:comments)
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN comments ON ...
-      #   Post.joins(:special_comments) # STI
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN comments ON ... AND comments.type = 'SpecialComment'
-      #   Post.joins(:comments, :special_comments) # special_comments is the reflection name, posts is the parent table name
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN comments ON ... INNER JOIN comments special_comments_posts
-      #
-      # Acts as tree example:
-      #
-      #   TreeMixin.joins(:children)
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM mixins INNER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ...
-      #   TreeMixin.joins(children: :parent)
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM mixins INNER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ...
-      #   #                        INNER JOIN parents_mixins ...
-      #   TreeMixin.joins(children: {parent: :children})
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM mixins INNER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ...
-      #   #                        INNER JOIN parents_mixins ...
-      #   #                        INNER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins_2
-      #
-      # Has and Belongs to Many join tables use the same idea, but add a <tt>_join</tt> suffix:
-      #
-      #   Post.joins(:categories)
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN categories_posts ... INNER JOIN categories ...
-      #   Post.joins(categories: :posts)
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN categories_posts ... INNER JOIN categories ...
-      #   #                       INNER JOIN categories_posts posts_categories_join INNER JOIN posts posts_categories
-      #   Post.joins(categories: {posts: :categories})
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN categories_posts ... INNER JOIN categories ...
-      #   #                       INNER JOIN categories_posts posts_categories_join INNER JOIN posts posts_categories
-      #   #                       INNER JOIN categories_posts categories_posts_join INNER JOIN categories categories_posts_2
-      #
-      # If you wish to specify your own custom joins using ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#joins method, those table
-      # names will take precedence over the eager associations:
-      #
-      #   Post.joins(:comments).joins("inner join comments ...")
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN comments_posts ON ... INNER JOIN comments ...
-      #   Post.joins(:comments, :special_comments).joins("inner join comments ...")
-      #   # SELECT ... FROM posts INNER JOIN comments comments_posts ON ...
-      #   #                       INNER JOIN comments special_comments_posts ...
-      #   #                       INNER JOIN comments ...
-      #
-      # Table aliases are automatically truncated according to the maximum length of table identifiers
-      # according to the specific database.
-      #
-      # == Modules
-      #
-      # By default, associations will look for objects within the current module scope. Consider:
-      #
-      #   module MyApplication
-      #     module Business
-      #       class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #         has_many :clients
-      #       end
-      #
-      #       class Client < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      # When <tt>Firm#clients</tt> is called, it will in turn call
-      # <tt>MyApplication::Business::Client.find_all_by_firm_id(firm.id)</tt>.
-      # If you want to associate with a class in another module scope, this can be done by
-      # specifying the complete class name.
-      #
-      #   module MyApplication
-      #     module Business
-      #       class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base; end
-      #     end
-      #
-      #     module Billing
-      #       class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #         belongs_to :firm, class_name: "MyApplication::Business::Firm"
-      #       end
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      # == Bi-directional associations
-      #
-      # When you specify an association, there is usually an association on the associated model
-      # that specifies the same relationship in reverse. For example, with the following models:
-      #
-      #    class Dungeon < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #      has_many :traps
-      #      has_one :evil_wizard
-      #    end
-      #
-      #    class Trap < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #      belongs_to :dungeon
-      #    end
-      #
-      #    class EvilWizard < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #      belongs_to :dungeon
-      #    end
-      #
-      # The +traps+ association on +Dungeon+ and the +dungeon+ association on +Trap+ are
-      # the inverse of each other, and the inverse of the +dungeon+ association on +EvilWizard+
-      # is the +evil_wizard+ association on +Dungeon+ (and vice-versa). By default,
-      # Active Record can guess the inverse of the association based on the name
-      # of the class. The result is the following:
-      #
-      #    d = Dungeon.first
-      #    t = d.traps.first
-      #    d.object_id == t.dungeon.object_id # => true
-      #
-      # The +Dungeon+ instances +d+ and <tt>t.dungeon</tt> in the above example refer to
-      # the same in-memory instance since the association matches the name of the class.
-      # The result would be the same if we added +:inverse_of+ to our model definitions:
-      #
-      #    class Dungeon < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #      has_many :traps, inverse_of: :dungeon
-      #      has_one :evil_wizard, inverse_of: :dungeon
-      #    end
-      #
-      #    class Trap < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #      belongs_to :dungeon, inverse_of: :traps
-      #    end
-      #
-      #    class EvilWizard < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #      belongs_to :dungeon, inverse_of: :evil_wizard
-      #    end
-      #
-      # For more information, see the documentation for the +:inverse_of+ option and the
-      # {Active Record Associations guide}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/association_basics.html#bi-directional-associations].
-      #
-      # == Deleting from associations
-      #
-      # === Dependent associations
-      #
-      # #has_many, #has_one, and #belongs_to associations support the <tt>:dependent</tt> option.
-      # This allows you to specify that associated records should be deleted when the owner is
-      # deleted.
-      #
-      # For example:
-      #
-      #     class Author
-      #       has_many :posts, dependent: :destroy
-      #     end
-      #     Author.find(1).destroy # => Will destroy all of the author's posts, too
-      #
-      # The <tt>:dependent</tt> option can have different values which specify how the deletion
-      # is done. For more information, see the documentation for this option on the different
-      # specific association types. When no option is given, the behavior is to do nothing
-      # with the associated records when destroying a record.
-      #
-      # Note that <tt>:dependent</tt> is implemented using \Rails' callback
-      # system, which works by processing callbacks in order. Therefore, other
-      # callbacks declared either before or after the <tt>:dependent</tt> option
-      # can affect what it does.
-      #
-      # Note that <tt>:dependent</tt> option is ignored for #has_one <tt>:through</tt> associations.
-      #
-      # === Delete or destroy?
-      #
-      # #has_many and #has_and_belongs_to_many associations have the methods <tt>destroy</tt>,
-      # <tt>delete</tt>, <tt>destroy_all</tt> and <tt>delete_all</tt>.
-      #
-      # For #has_and_belongs_to_many, <tt>delete</tt> and <tt>destroy</tt> are the same: they
-      # cause the records in the join table to be removed.
-      #
-      # For #has_many, <tt>destroy</tt> and <tt>destroy_all</tt> will always call the <tt>destroy</tt> method of the
-      # record(s) being removed so that callbacks are run. However <tt>delete</tt> and <tt>delete_all</tt> will either
-      # do the deletion according to the strategy specified by the <tt>:dependent</tt> option, or
-      # if no <tt>:dependent</tt> option is given, then it will follow the default strategy.
-      # The default strategy is to do nothing (leave the foreign keys with the parent ids set), except for
-      # #has_many <tt>:through</tt>, where the default strategy is <tt>delete_all</tt> (delete
-      # the join records, without running their callbacks).
-      #
-      # There is also a <tt>clear</tt> method which is the same as <tt>delete_all</tt>, except that
-      # it returns the association rather than the records which have been deleted.
-      #
-      # === What gets deleted?
-      #
-      # There is a potential pitfall here: #has_and_belongs_to_many and #has_many <tt>:through</tt>
-      # associations have records in join tables, as well as the associated records. So when we
-      # call one of these deletion methods, what exactly should be deleted?
-      #
-      # The answer is that it is assumed that deletion on an association is about removing the
-      # <i>link</i> between the owner and the associated object(s), rather than necessarily the
-      # associated objects themselves. So with #has_and_belongs_to_many and #has_many
-      # <tt>:through</tt>, the join records will be deleted, but the associated records won't.
-      #
-      # This makes sense if you think about it: if you were to call <tt>post.tags.delete(Tag.find_by(name: 'food'))</tt>
-      # you would want the 'food' tag to be unlinked from the post, rather than for the tag itself
-      # to be removed from the database.
-      #
-      # However, there are examples where this strategy doesn't make sense. For example, suppose
-      # a person has many projects, and each project has many tasks. If we deleted one of a person's
-      # tasks, we would probably not want the project to be deleted. In this scenario, the delete method
-      # won't actually work: it can only be used if the association on the join model is a
-      # #belongs_to. In other situations you are expected to perform operations directly on
-      # either the associated records or the <tt>:through</tt> association.
-      #
-      # With a regular #has_many there is no distinction between the "associated records"
-      # and the "link", so there is only one choice for what gets deleted.
-      #
-      # With #has_and_belongs_to_many and #has_many <tt>:through</tt>, if you want to delete the
-      # associated records themselves, you can always do something along the lines of
-      # <tt>person.tasks.each(&:destroy)</tt>.
-      #
-      # == Deprecated \Associations
-      #
-      # \Associations can be marked as deprecated by passing <tt>deprecated: true</tt>:
-      #
-      #     has_many :posts, deprecated: true
-      #
-      # When a deprecated association is used, a warning is issued using the
-      # Active Record logger, though more options are available via
-      # configuration.
-      #
-      # The message includes some context that helps understand the deprecated
-      # usage:
-      #
-      #     The association Author#posts is deprecated, the method post_ids was invoked (...)
-      #     The association Author#posts is deprecated, referenced in query to preload records (...)
-      #
-      # The dots in the examples above would have the application-level spot
-      # where usage occurred, to help locate what triggered the warning. That
-      # location is computed using the Active Record backtrace cleaner.
-      #
-      # === What is considered to be usage?
-      #
-      # * Invocation of any association methods like +posts+, <tt>posts=</tt>,
-      #   etc.
-      #
-      # * If the association accepts nested attributes, assignment to those
-      #   attributes.
-      #
-      # * If the association is a through association and some of its nested
-      #   associations are deprecated, you'll get warnings for them whenever the
-      #   top-level through is used. This is so regardless of whether the
-      #   through itself is deprecated.
-      #
-      # * Execution of queries that refer to the association. Think execution of
-      #   <tt>eager_load(:posts)</tt>, <tt>joins(author: :posts)</tt>, etc.
-      #
-      # * If the association has a +:dependent+ option, destroying the
-      #   associated record issues warnings (because that has a side-effect that
-      #   would not happen if the association was removed).
-      #
-      # * If the association has a +:touch+ option, saving or destroying the
-      #   record issues a warning (because that has a side-effect that would not
-      #   happen if the association was removed).
-      #
-      # === Things that do NOT issue warnings
-      #
-      # The rationale behind most of the following edge cases is that Active
-      # Record accesses associations lazily, when used. Before that, the
-      # reference to the association is basically just a Ruby symbol.
-      #
-      # * If +posts+ is deprecated, <tt>has_many :comments, through: :posts</tt>
-      #   does not warn. Usage of the +comments+ association reports usage of
-      #   +posts+, as we explained above, but the definition of the +has_many+
-      #   itself does not.
-      #
-      # * Similarly, <tt>accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts</tt> does not
-      #   warn. Assignment to the posts attributes warns, as explained above,
-      #   but the +accepts_nested_attributes_for+ call itself does not.
-      #
-      # * Same if an association declares to be inverse of a deprecated one, the
-      #   macro itself does not warn.
-      #
-      # * In the same line, the declaration <tt>validates_associated :posts</tt>
-      #   does not warn by itself, though access is reported when the validation
-      #   runs.
-      #
-      # * Relation query methods like <tt>Author.includes(:posts)</tt> do not
-      #   warn by themselves. At that point, that is a relation that internally
-      #   stores a symbol for later use. As explained in the previous section,
-      #   you get a warning when/if the query is executed.
-      #
-      # * Access to the reflection object of the association as in
-      #   <tt>Author.reflect_on_association(:posts)</tt> or
-      #   <tt>Author.reflect_on_all_associations</tt> does not warn.
-      #
-      # === Configuration
-      #
-      # Reporting deprecated usage can be configured:
-      #
-      #     config.active_record.deprecated_associations_options = { ... }
-      #
-      # If present, this has to be a hash with keys +:mode+ and/or +:backtrace+.
-      #
-      # ==== Mode
-      #
-      # * In +:warn+ mode, usage issues a warning that includes the
-      #   application-level place where the access happened, if any. This is the
-      #   default mode.
-      #
-      # * In +:raise+ mode, usage raises an
-      #   ActiveRecord::DeprecatedAssociationError with a similar message and a
-      #   clean backtrace in the exception object.
-      #
-      # * In +:notify+ mode, a <tt>deprecated_association.active_record</tt>
-      #   Active Support notification is published. The event payload has the
-      #   association reflection (+:reflection+), the application-level location
-      #   (+:location+) where the access happened (a Thread::Backtrace::Location
-      #   object, or +nil+), and a deprecation message (+:message+).
-      #
-      # ==== Backtrace
-      #
-      # If +:backtrace+ is true, warnings include a clean backtrace in the message
-      # and notifications have a +:backtrace+ key in the payload with an array
-      # of clean Thread::Backtrace::Location objects. Exceptions always get a
-      # clean stack trace set.
-      #
-      # Clean backtraces are computed using the Active Record backtrace cleaner.
-      # In Rails applications, that is by the default the same as
-      # <tt>Rails.backtrace_cleaner</tt>.
-      #
-      # == Type safety with ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch
-      #
-      # If you attempt to assign an object to an association that doesn't match the inferred
-      # or specified <tt>:class_name</tt>, you'll get an ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch.
-      #
-      # == Options
-      #
-      # All of the association macros can be specialized through options. This makes cases
-      # more complex than the simple and guessable ones possible.
-      module ClassMethods
-        # Specifies a one-to-many association. The following methods for retrieval and query of
-        # collections of associated objects will be added:
-        #
-        # +collection+ is a placeholder for the symbol passed as the +name+ argument, so
-        # <tt>has_many :clients</tt> would add among others <tt>clients.empty?</tt>.
-        #
-        # [<tt>collection</tt>]
-        #   Returns a Relation of all the associated objects.
-        #   An empty Relation is returned if none are found.
-        # [<tt>collection<<(object, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Adds one or more objects to the collection by setting their foreign keys to the collection's primary key.
-        #   Note that this operation instantly fires update SQL without waiting for the save or update call on the
-        #   parent object, unless the parent object is a new record.
-        #   This will also run validations and callbacks of associated object(s).
-        # [<tt>collection.delete(object, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Removes one or more objects from the collection by setting their foreign keys to +NULL+.
-        #   Objects will be in addition destroyed if they're associated with <tt>dependent: :destroy</tt>,
-        #   and deleted if they're associated with <tt>dependent: :delete_all</tt>.
-        #
-        #   If the <tt>:through</tt> option is used, then the join records are deleted (rather than
-        #   nullified) by default, but you can specify <tt>dependent: :destroy</tt> or
-        #   <tt>dependent: :nullify</tt> to override this.
-        # [<tt>collection.destroy(object, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Removes one or more objects from the collection by running <tt>destroy</tt> on
-        #   each record, regardless of any dependent option, ensuring callbacks are run.
-        #
-        #   If the <tt>:through</tt> option is used, then the join records are destroyed
-        #   instead, not the objects themselves.
-        # [<tt>collection=objects</tt>]
-        #   Replaces the collections content by deleting and adding objects as appropriate. If the <tt>:through</tt>
-        #   option is true callbacks in the join models are triggered except destroy callbacks, since deletion is
-        #   direct by default. You can specify <tt>dependent: :destroy</tt> or
-        #   <tt>dependent: :nullify</tt> to override this.
-        # [<tt>collection_singular_ids</tt>]
-        #   Returns an array of the associated objects' ids
-        # [<tt>collection_singular_ids=ids</tt>]
-        #   Replace the collection with the objects identified by the primary keys in +ids+. This
-        #   method loads the models and calls <tt>collection=</tt>. See above.
-        # [<tt>collection.clear</tt>]
-        #   Removes every object from the collection. This destroys the associated objects if they
-        #   are associated with <tt>dependent: :destroy</tt>, deletes them directly from the
-        #   database if <tt>dependent: :delete_all</tt>, otherwise sets their foreign keys to +NULL+.
-        #   If the <tt>:through</tt> option is true no destroy callbacks are invoked on the join models.
-        #   Join models are directly deleted.
-        # [<tt>collection.empty?</tt>]
-        #   Returns +true+ if there are no associated objects.
-        # [<tt>collection.size</tt>]
-        #   Returns the number of associated objects.
-        # [<tt>collection.find(...)</tt>]
-        #   Finds an associated object according to the same rules as ActiveRecord::FinderMethods#find.
-        # [<tt>collection.exists?(...)</tt>]
-        #   Checks whether an associated object with the given conditions exists.
-        #   Uses the same rules as ActiveRecord::FinderMethods#exists?.
-        # [<tt>collection.build(attributes = {}, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Returns one or more new objects of the collection type that have been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through a foreign key, but have not yet
-        #   been saved.
-        # [<tt>collection.create(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through a foreign key, and that has already
-        #   been saved (if it passed the validation). *Note*: This only works if the base model
-        #   already exists in the DB, not if it is a new (unsaved) record!
-        # [<tt>collection.create!(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Does the same as <tt>collection.create</tt>, but raises ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
-        #   if the record is invalid.
-        # [<tt>collection.reload</tt>]
-        #   Returns a Relation of all of the associated objects, forcing a database read.
-        #   An empty Relation is returned if none are found.
-        #
-        # ==== Example
-        #
-        #   class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
-        #     has_many :clients
-        #   end
-        #
-        # Declaring <tt>has_many :clients</tt> adds the following methods (and more):
-        #
-        #   firm = Firm.find(2)
-        #   client = Client.find(6)
-        #
-        #   firm.clients                       # similar to Client.where(firm_id: 2)
-        #   firm.clients << client
-        #   firm.clients.delete(client)
-        #   firm.clients.destroy(client)
-        #   firm.clients = [client]
-        #   firm.client_ids
-        #   firm.client_ids = [6]
-        #   firm.clients.clear
-        #   firm.clients.empty?                # similar to firm.clients.size == 0
-        #   firm.clients.size                  # similar to Client.count "firm_id = 2"
-        #   firm.clients.find                  # similar to Client.where(firm_id: 2).find(6)
-        #   firm.clients.exists?(name: 'ACME') # similar to Client.exists?(name: 'ACME', firm_id: 2)
-        #   firm.clients.build                 # similar to Client.new(firm_id: 2)
-        #   firm.clients.create                # similar to Client.create(firm_id: 2)
-        #   firm.clients.create!               # similar to Client.create!(firm_id: 2)
-        #   firm.clients.reload
-        #
-        # The declaration can also include an +options+ hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-        #
-        # ==== Scopes
-        #
-        # You can pass a second argument +scope+ as a callable (i.e. proc or
-        # lambda) to retrieve a specific set of records or customize the generated
-        # query when you access the associated collection.
-        #
-        # Scope examples:
-        #   has_many :comments, -> { where(author_id: 1) }
-        #   has_many :employees, -> { joins(:address) }
-        #   has_many :posts, ->(blog) { where("max_post_length > ?", blog.max_post_length) }
-        #
-        # ==== Extensions
-        #
-        # The +extension+ argument allows you to pass a block into a has_many
-        # association. This is useful for adding new finders, creators, and other
-        # factory-type methods to be used as part of the association.
-        #
-        # Extension examples:
-        #   has_many :employees do
-        #     def find_or_create_by_name(name)
-        #       first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2)
-        #       find_or_create_by(first_name: first_name, last_name: last_name)
-        #     end
-        #   end
-        #
-        # ==== Options
-        # [+:class_name+]
-        #   Specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-        #   from the association name. So <tt>has_many :products</tt> will by default be linked
-        #   to the +Product+ class, but if the real class name is +SpecialProduct+, you'll have to
-        #   specify it with this option.
-        # [+:foreign_key+]
-        #   Specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-        #   of this class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes a #has_many
-        #   association will use "person_id" as the default <tt>:foreign_key</tt>.
-        #
-        #   Setting the <tt>:foreign_key</tt> option prevents automatic detection of the association's
-        #   inverse, so it is generally a good idea to set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option as well.
-        # [+:foreign_type+]
-        #   Specify the column used to store the associated object's type, if this is a polymorphic
-        #   association. By default this is guessed to be the name of the polymorphic association
-        #   specified on "as" option with a "_type" suffix. So a class that defines a
-        #   <tt>has_many :tags, as: :taggable</tt> association will use "taggable_type" as the
-        #   default <tt>:foreign_type</tt>.
-        # [+:primary_key+]
-        #   Specify the name of the column to use as the primary key for the association. By default this is +id+.
-        # [+:dependent+]
-        #   Controls what happens to the associated objects when
-        #   their owner is destroyed. Note that these are implemented as
-        #   callbacks, and \Rails executes callbacks in order. Therefore, other
-        #   similar callbacks may affect the <tt>:dependent</tt> behavior, and the
-        #   <tt>:dependent</tt> behavior may affect other callbacks.
-        #
-        #   * <tt>nil</tt> do nothing (default).
-        #   * <tt>:destroy</tt> causes all the associated objects to also be destroyed.
-        #   * <tt>:destroy_async</tt> destroys all the associated objects in a background job. <b>WARNING:</b> Do not use
-        #     this option if the association is backed by foreign key constraints in your database. The foreign key
-        #     constraint actions will occur inside the same transaction that deletes its owner.
-        #   * <tt>:delete_all</tt> causes all the associated objects to be deleted directly from the database (so callbacks will not be executed).
-        #   * <tt>:nullify</tt> causes the foreign keys to be set to +NULL+. Polymorphic type will also be nullified
-        #     on polymorphic associations. Callbacks are not executed.
-        #   * <tt>:restrict_with_exception</tt> causes an ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError exception to be raised if there are any associated records.
-        #   * <tt>:restrict_with_error</tt> causes an error to be added to the owner if there are any associated objects.
-        #
-        #   If using with the <tt>:through</tt> option, the association on the join model must be
-        #   a #belongs_to, and the records which get deleted are the join records, rather than
-        #   the associated records.
-        #
-        #   If using <tt>dependent: :destroy</tt> on a scoped association, only the scoped objects are destroyed.
-        #   For example, if a Post model defines
-        #   <tt>has_many :comments, -> { where published: true }, dependent: :destroy</tt> and <tt>destroy</tt> is
-        #   called on a post, only published comments are destroyed. This means that any unpublished comments in the
-        #   database would still contain a foreign key pointing to the now deleted post.
-        # [+:counter_cache+]
-        #   This option can be used to configure a custom named <tt>:counter_cache.</tt> You only need this option,
-        #   when you customized the name of your <tt>:counter_cache</tt> on the #belongs_to association.
-        # [+:as+]
-        #   Specifies a polymorphic interface (See #belongs_to).
-        # [+:through+]
-        #   Specifies an association through which to perform the query.
-        #
-        #   This can be any other type of association, including other <tt>:through</tt> associations,
-        #   but it cannot be a polymorphic association. Options for <tt>:class_name</tt>,
-        #   <tt>:primary_key</tt> and <tt>:foreign_key</tt> are ignored, as the association uses the
-        #   source reflection.
-        #
-        #   If the association on the join model is a #belongs_to, the collection can be modified
-        #   and the records on the <tt>:through</tt> model will be automatically created and removed
-        #   as appropriate. Otherwise, the collection is read-only, so you should manipulate the
-        #   <tt>:through</tt> association directly.
-        #
-        #   If you are going to modify the association (rather than just read from it), then it is
-        #   a good idea to set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option on the source association on the
-        #   join model. This allows associated records to be built which will automatically create
-        #   the appropriate join model records when they are saved. See
-        #   {Association Join Models}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Association+Join+Models]
-        #   and {Setting Inverses}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Setting+Inverses] for
-        #   more detail.
-        #
-        # [+:disable_joins+]
-        #   Specifies whether joins should be skipped for an association. If set to true, two or more queries
-        #   will be generated. Note that in some cases, if order or limit is applied, it will be done in-memory
-        #   due to database limitations. This option is only applicable on <tt>has_many :through</tt> associations as
-        #   +has_many+ alone do not perform a join.
-        # [+:source+]
-        #   Specifies the source association name used by #has_many <tt>:through</tt> queries.
-        #   Only use it if the name cannot be inferred from the association.
-        #   <tt>has_many :subscribers, through: :subscriptions</tt> will look for either <tt>:subscribers</tt> or
-        #   <tt>:subscriber</tt> on Subscription, unless a <tt>:source</tt> is given.
-        # [+:source_type+]
-        #   Specifies type of the source association used by #has_many <tt>:through</tt> queries where the source
-        #   association is a polymorphic #belongs_to.
-        # [+:validate+]
-        #   When set to +true+, validates new objects added to association when saving the parent object. +true+ by default.
-        #   If you want to ensure associated objects are revalidated on every update, use +validates_associated+.
-        # [+:autosave+]
-        #   If true, always save the associated objects or destroy them if marked for destruction,
-        #   when saving the parent object. If false, never save or destroy the associated objects.
-        #   By default, only save associated objects that are new records. This option is implemented as a
-        #   +before_save+ callback. Because callbacks are run in the order they are defined, associated objects
-        #   may need to be explicitly saved in any user-defined +before_save+ callbacks.
-        #
-        #   Note that NestedAttributes::ClassMethods#accepts_nested_attributes_for sets
-        #   <tt>:autosave</tt> to <tt>true</tt>.
-        # [+:inverse_of+]
-        #   Specifies the name of the #belongs_to association on the associated object
-        #   that is the inverse of this #has_many association.
-        #   See {Bi-directional associations}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Bi-directional+associations]
-        #   for more detail.
-        # [+:extend+]
-        #   Specifies a module or array of modules that will be extended into the association object returned.
-        #   Useful for defining methods on associations, especially when they should be shared between multiple
-        #   association objects.
-        # [+:strict_loading+]
-        #   When set to +true+, enforces strict loading every time the associated record is loaded through this
-        #   association.
-        # [+:ensuring_owner_was+]
-        #   Specifies an instance method to be called on the owner. The method must return true in order for the
-        #   associated records to be deleted in a background job.
-        # [+:query_constraints+]
-        #   Serves as a composite foreign key. Defines the list of columns to be used to query the associated object.
-        #   This is an optional option. By default Rails will attempt to derive the value automatically.
-        #   When the value is set the Array size must match associated model's primary key or +query_constraints+ size.
-        # [+:index_errors+]
-        #   Allows differentiation of multiple validation errors from the association records, by including
-        #   an index in the error attribute name, e.g. +roles[2].level+.
-        #   When set to +true+, the index is based on association order, i.e. database order, with yet to be
-        #   persisted new records placed at the end.
-        #   When set to +:nested_attributes_order+, the index is based on the record order received by
-        #   nested attributes setter, when accepts_nested_attributes_for is used.
-        # [:before_add]
-        #   Defines an {association callback}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Association+callbacks] that gets triggered <b>before an object is added</b> to the association collection.
-        # [:after_add]
-        #   Defines an {association callback}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Association+callbacks] that gets triggered <b>after an object is added</b> to the association collection.
-        # [:before_remove]
-        #   Defines an {association callback}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Association+callbacks] that gets triggered <b>before an object is removed</b> from the association collection.
-        # [:after_remove]
-        #   Defines an {association callback}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Association+callbacks] that gets triggered <b>after an object is removed</b> from the association collection.
-        # [+:deprecated+]
-        #   If true, marks the association as deprecated. Usage of deprecated associations is reported.
-        #   Please, check the class documentation above for details.
-        #
-        # Option examples:
-        #   has_many :comments, -> { order("posted_on") }
-        #   has_many :comments, -> { includes(:author) }
-        #   has_many :people, -> { where(deleted: false).order("name") }, class_name: "Person"
-        #   has_many :tracks, -> { order("position") }, dependent: :destroy
-        #   has_many :comments, dependent: :nullify
-        #   has_many :tags, as: :taggable
-        #   has_many :reports, -> { readonly }
-        #   has_many :subscribers, through: :subscriptions, source: :user
-        #   has_many :subscribers, through: :subscriptions, disable_joins: true
-        #   has_many :comments, strict_loading: true
-        #   has_many :comments, query_constraints: [:blog_id, :post_id]
-        #   has_many :comments, index_errors: :nested_attributes_order
-        def has_many(name, scope = nil, **options, &extension)
-          reflection = Builder::HasMany.build(self, name, scope, options, &extension)
-          Reflection.add_reflection(self, name, reflection)
-        end
-
-        # Specifies a one-to-one association with another class. This method
-        # should only be used if the other class contains the foreign key. If
-        # the current class contains the foreign key, then you should use
-        # #belongs_to instead. See {Is it a belongs_to or has_one
-        # association?}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Is+it+a+-23belongs_to+or+-23has_one+association-3F]
-        # for more detail on when to use #has_one and when to use #belongs_to.
-        #
-        # The following methods for retrieval and query of a single associated object will be added:
-        #
-        # +association+ is a placeholder for the symbol passed as the +name+ argument, so
-        # <tt>has_one :manager</tt> would add among others <tt>manager.nil?</tt>.
-        #
-        # [<tt>association</tt>]
-        #   Returns the associated object. +nil+ is returned if none is found.
-        # [<tt>association=(associate)</tt>]
-        #   Assigns the associate object, extracts the primary key, sets it as the foreign key,
-        #   and saves the associate object. To avoid database inconsistencies, permanently deletes an existing
-        #   associated object when assigning a new one, even if the new one isn't saved to database.
-        # [<tt>build_association(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through a foreign key, but has not
-        #   yet been saved.
-        # [<tt>create_association(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through a foreign key, and that
-        #   has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
-        # [<tt>create_association!(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Does the same as <tt>create_association</tt>, but raises ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
-        #   if the record is invalid.
-        # [<tt>reload_association</tt>]
-        #   Returns the associated object, forcing a database read.
-        # [<tt>reset_association</tt>]
-        #   Unloads the associated object. The next access will query it from the database.
-        #
-        # ==== Example
-        #
-        #   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
-        #     has_one :beneficiary
-        #   end
-        #
-        # Declaring <tt>has_one :beneficiary</tt> adds the following methods (and more):
-        #
-        #   account = Account.find(5)
-        #   beneficiary = Beneficiary.find(8)
-        #
-        #   account.beneficiary               # similar to Beneficiary.find_by(account_id: 5)
-        #   account.beneficiary = beneficiary # similar to beneficiary.update(account_id: 5)
-        #   account.build_beneficiary         # similar to Beneficiary.new(account_id: 5)
-        #   account.create_beneficiary        # similar to Beneficiary.create(account_id: 5)
-        #   account.create_beneficiary!       # similar to Beneficiary.create!(account_id: 5)
-        #   account.reload_beneficiary
-        #   account.reset_beneficiary
-        #
-        # ==== Scopes
-        #
-        # You can pass a second argument +scope+ as a callable (i.e. proc or
-        # lambda) to retrieve a specific record or customize the generated query
-        # when you access the associated object.
-        #
-        # Scope examples:
-        #   has_one :author, -> { where(comment_id: 1) }
-        #   has_one :employer, -> { joins(:company) }
-        #   has_one :latest_post, ->(blog) { where("created_at > ?", blog.enabled_at) }
-        #
-        # ==== Options
-        #
-        # The declaration can also include an +options+ hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-        #
-        # Options are:
-        # [+:class_name+]
-        #   Specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-        #   from the association name. So <tt>has_one :manager</tt> will by default be linked to the Manager class, but
-        #   if the real class name is Person, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-        # [+:dependent+]
-        #   Controls what happens to the associated object when
-        #   its owner is destroyed:
-        #
-        #   * <tt>nil</tt> do nothing (default).
-        #   * <tt>:destroy</tt> causes the associated object to also be destroyed
-        #   * <tt>:destroy_async</tt> causes the associated object to be destroyed in a background job. <b>WARNING:</b> Do not use
-        #     this option if the association is backed by foreign key constraints in your database. The foreign key
-        #     constraint actions will occur inside the same transaction that deletes its owner.
-        #   * <tt>:delete</tt> causes the associated object to be deleted directly from the database (so callbacks will not execute)
-        #   * <tt>:nullify</tt> causes the foreign key to be set to +NULL+. Polymorphic type column is also nullified
-        #     on polymorphic associations. Callbacks are not executed.
-        #   * <tt>:restrict_with_exception</tt> causes an ActiveRecord::DeleteRestrictionError exception to be raised if there is an associated record
-        #   * <tt>:restrict_with_error</tt> causes an error to be added to the owner if there is an associated object
-        #
-        #   Note that <tt>:dependent</tt> option is ignored when using <tt>:through</tt> option.
-        # [+:foreign_key+]
-        #   Specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-        #   of this class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes a #has_one association
-        #   will use "person_id" as the default <tt>:foreign_key</tt>.
-        #
-        #   Setting the <tt>:foreign_key</tt> option prevents automatic detection of the association's
-        #   inverse, so it is generally a good idea to set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option as well.
-        # [+:foreign_type+]
-        #   Specify the column used to store the associated object's type, if this is a polymorphic
-        #   association. By default this is guessed to be the name of the polymorphic association
-        #   specified on "as" option with a "_type" suffix. So a class that defines a
-        #   <tt>has_one :tag, as: :taggable</tt> association will use "taggable_type" as the
-        #   default <tt>:foreign_type</tt>.
-        # [+:primary_key+]
-        #   Specify the method that returns the primary key used for the association. By default this is +id+.
-        # [+:as+]
-        #   Specifies a polymorphic interface (See #belongs_to).
-        # [+:through+]
-        #   Specifies an association through which to perform the query.
-        #
-        #   The through association must be a +has_one+, <tt>has_one :through</tt>, or non-polymorphic +belongs_to+.
-        #   That is, a non-polymorphic singular association. Options for <tt>:class_name</tt>, <tt>:primary_key</tt>,
-        #   and <tt>:foreign_key</tt> are ignored, as the association uses the source reflection. You can only
-        #   use a <tt>:through</tt> query through a #has_one or #belongs_to association on the join model.
-        #
-        #   If the association on the join model is a #belongs_to, the collection can be modified
-        #   and the records on the <tt>:through</tt> model will be automatically created and removed
-        #   as appropriate. Otherwise, the collection is read-only, so you should manipulate the
-        #   <tt>:through</tt> association directly.
-        #
-        #   If you are going to modify the association (rather than just read from it), then it is
-        #   a good idea to set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option on the source association on the
-        #   join model. This allows associated records to be built which will automatically create
-        #   the appropriate join model records when they are saved. See
-        #   {Association Join Models}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Association+Join+Models]
-        #   and {Setting Inverses}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Setting+Inverses] for
-        #   more detail.
-        # [+:disable_joins+]
-        #   Specifies whether joins should be skipped for an association. If set to true, two or more queries
-        #   will be generated. Note that in some cases, if order or limit is applied, it will be done in-memory
-        #   due to database limitations. This option is only applicable on <tt>has_one :through</tt> associations as
-        #   +has_one+ alone does not perform a join.
-        # [+:source+]
-        #   Specifies the source association name used by #has_one <tt>:through</tt> queries.
-        #   Only use it if the name cannot be inferred from the association.
-        #   <tt>has_one :favorite, through: :favorites</tt> will look for a
-        #   <tt>:favorite</tt> on Favorite, unless a <tt>:source</tt> is given.
-        # [+:source_type+]
-        #   Specifies type of the source association used by #has_one <tt>:through</tt> queries where the source
-        #   association is a polymorphic #belongs_to.
-        # [+:validate+]
-        #   When set to +true+, validates new objects added to association when saving the parent object. +false+ by default.
-        #   If you want to ensure associated objects are revalidated on every update, use +validates_associated+.
-        # [+:autosave+]
-        #   If +true+, always saves the associated object or destroys it if marked for destruction,
-        #   when saving the parent object.
-        #   If +false+, never save or destroy the associated object.
-        #
-        #   By default, only saves the associated object if it's a new record. Setting this option
-        #   to +true+ also enables validations on the associated object unless explicitly disabled
-        #   with <tt>validate: false</tt>. This is because saving an object with invalid associated
-        #   objects would fail, so any associated objects will go through validation checks.
-        #
-        #   Note that NestedAttributes::ClassMethods#accepts_nested_attributes_for sets
-        #   <tt>:autosave</tt> to <tt>true</tt>.
-        # [+:touch+]
-        #   If true, the associated object will be touched (the +updated_at+ / +updated_on+ attributes set to current time)
-        #   when this record is either saved or destroyed. If you specify a symbol, that attribute
-        #   will be updated with the current time in addition to the +updated_at+ / +updated_on+ attribute.
-        #   Please note that no validation will be performed when touching, and only the +after_touch+,
-        #   +after_commit+, and +after_rollback+ callbacks will be executed.
-        # [+:inverse_of+]
-        #   Specifies the name of the #belongs_to association on the associated object
-        #   that is the inverse of this #has_one association.
-        #   See {Bi-directional associations}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Bi-directional+associations]
-        #   for more detail.
-        # [+:required+]
-        #   When set to +true+, the association will also have its presence validated.
-        #   This will validate the association itself, not the id. You can use
-        #   +:inverse_of+ to avoid an extra query during validation.
-        # [+:strict_loading+]
-        #   Enforces strict loading every time the associated record is loaded through this association.
-        # [+:ensuring_owner_was+]
-        #   Specifies an instance method to be called on the owner. The method must return true in order for the
-        #   associated records to be deleted in a background job.
-        # [+:query_constraints+]
-        #   Serves as a composite foreign key. Defines the list of columns to be used to query the associated object.
-        #   This is an optional option. By default Rails will attempt to derive the value automatically.
-        #   When the value is set the Array size must match associated model's primary key or +query_constraints+ size.
-        # [+:deprecated+]
-        #   If true, marks the association as deprecated. Usage of deprecated associations is reported.
-        #   Please, check the class documentation above for details.
-        #
-        # Option examples:
-        #   has_one :credit_card, dependent: :destroy  # destroys the associated credit card
-        #   has_one :credit_card, dependent: :nullify  # updates the associated records foreign
-        #                                                 # key value to NULL rather than destroying it
-        #   has_one :last_comment, -> { order('posted_on desc') }, class_name: "Comment"
-        #   has_one :project_manager, -> { where(role: 'project_manager') }, class_name: "Person"
-        #   has_one :attachment, as: :attachable
-        #   has_one :boss, -> { readonly }
-        #   has_one :club, through: :membership
-        #   has_one :club, through: :membership, disable_joins: true
-        #   has_one :primary_address, -> { where(primary: true) }, through: :addressables, source: :addressable
-        #   has_one :credit_card, required: true
-        #   has_one :credit_card, strict_loading: true
-        #   has_one :employment_record_book, query_constraints: [:organization_id, :employee_id]
-        def has_one(name, scope = nil, **options)
-          reflection = Builder::HasOne.build(self, name, scope, options)
-          Reflection.add_reflection(self, name, reflection)
-        end
-
-        # Specifies a one-to-one association with another class. This method
-        # should only be used if this class contains the foreign key. If the
-        # other class contains the foreign key, then you should use #has_one
-        # instead. See {Is it a belongs_to or has_one
-        # association?}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Is+it+a+-23belongs_to+or+-23has_one+association-3F]
-        # for more detail on when to use #has_one and when to use #belongs_to.
-        #
-        # Methods will be added for retrieval and query for a single associated object, for which
-        # this object holds an id:
-        #
-        # +association+ is a placeholder for the symbol passed as the +name+ argument, so
-        # <tt>belongs_to :author</tt> would add among others <tt>author.nil?</tt>.
-        #
-        # [<tt>association</tt>]
-        #   Returns the associated object. +nil+ is returned if none is found.
-        # [<tt>association=(associate)</tt>]
-        #   Assigns the associate object, extracts the primary key, and sets it as the foreign key.
-        #   No modification or deletion of existing records takes place.
-        # [<tt>build_association(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through a foreign key, but has not yet been saved.
-        # [<tt>create_association(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through a foreign key, and that
-        #   has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
-        # [<tt>create_association!(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Does the same as <tt>create_association</tt>, but raises ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
-        #   if the record is invalid.
-        # [<tt>reload_association</tt>]
-        #   Returns the associated object, forcing a database read.
-        # [<tt>reset_association</tt>]
-        #   Unloads the associated object. The next access will query it from the database.
-        # [<tt>association_changed?</tt>]
-        #   Returns true if a new associate object has been assigned and the next save will update the foreign key.
-        # [<tt>association_previously_changed?</tt>]
-        #   Returns true if the previous save updated the association to reference a new associate object.
-        #
-        # ==== Example
-        #
-        #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-        #     belongs_to :author
-        #   end
-        #
-        # Declaring <tt>belongs_to :author</tt> adds the following methods (and more):
-        #
-        #   post = Post.find(7)
-        #   author = Author.find(19)
-        #
-        #   post.author           # similar to Author.find(post.author_id)
-        #   post.author = author  # similar to post.author_id = author.id
-        #   post.build_author     # similar to post.author = Author.new
-        #   post.create_author    # similar to post.author = Author.new; post.author.save; post.author
-        #   post.create_author!   # similar to post.author = Author.new; post.author.save!; post.author
-        #   post.reload_author
-        #   post.reset_author
-        #   post.author_changed?
-        #   post.author_previously_changed?
-        #
-        # ==== Scopes
-        #
-        # You can pass a second argument +scope+ as a callable (i.e. proc or
-        # lambda) to retrieve a specific record or customize the generated query
-        # when you access the associated object.
-        #
-        # Scope examples:
-        #   belongs_to :firm, -> { where(id: 2) }
-        #   belongs_to :user, -> { joins(:friends) }
-        #   belongs_to :level, ->(game) { where("game_level > ?", game.current_level) }
-        #
-        # ==== Options
-        #
-        # The declaration can also include an +options+ hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-        #
-        # [+:class_name+]
-        #   Specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-        #   from the association name. So <tt>belongs_to :author</tt> will by default be linked to the Author class, but
-        #   if the real class name is Person, you'll have to specify it with this option. +:class_name+
-        #   is not supported in polymorphic associations, since in that case the class name of the
-        #   associated record is stored in the type column.
-        # [+:foreign_key+]
-        #   Specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-        #   of the association with an "_id" suffix. So a class that defines a <tt>belongs_to :person</tt>
-        #   association will use "person_id" as the default <tt>:foreign_key</tt>. Similarly,
-        #   <tt>belongs_to :favorite_person, class_name: "Person"</tt> will use a foreign key
-        #   of "favorite_person_id".
-        #
-        #   Setting the <tt>:foreign_key</tt> option prevents automatic detection of the association's
-        #   inverse, so it is generally a good idea to set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option as well.
-        # [+:foreign_type+]
-        #   Specify the column used to store the associated object's type, if this is a polymorphic
-        #   association. By default this is guessed to be the name of the association with a "_type"
-        #   suffix. So a class that defines a <tt>belongs_to :taggable, polymorphic: true</tt>
-        #   association will use "taggable_type" as the default <tt>:foreign_type</tt>.
-        # [+:primary_key+]
-        #   Specify the method that returns the primary key of associated object used for the association.
-        #   By default this is +id+.
-        # [+:dependent+]
-        #   If set to <tt>:destroy</tt>, the associated object is destroyed when this object is. If set to
-        #   <tt>:delete</tt>, the associated object is deleted *without* calling its destroy method. If set to
-        #   <tt>:destroy_async</tt>, the associated object is scheduled to be destroyed in a background job.
-        #   This option should not be specified when #belongs_to is used in conjunction with
-        #   a #has_many relationship on another class because of the potential to leave
-        #   orphaned records behind.
-        # [+:counter_cache+]
-        #   Caches the number of belonging objects on the associate class through the use of CounterCache::ClassMethods#increment_counter
-        #   and CounterCache::ClassMethods#decrement_counter. The counter cache is incremented when an object of this
-        #   class is created and decremented when it's destroyed. This requires that a column
-        #   named <tt>#{table_name}_count</tt> (such as +comments_count+ for a belonging Comment class)
-        #   is used on the associate class (such as a Post class) - that is the migration for
-        #   <tt>#{table_name}_count</tt> is created on the associate class (such that <tt>Post.comments_count</tt> will
-        #   return the count cached). You can also specify a custom counter
-        #   cache column by providing a column name instead of a +true+/+false+ value to this
-        #   option (e.g., <tt>counter_cache: :my_custom_counter</tt>.)
-        #
-        #   Starting to use counter caches on existing large tables can be troublesome, because the column
-        #   values must be backfilled separately of the column addition (to not lock the table for too long)
-        #   and before the use of +:counter_cache+ (otherwise methods like +size+/+any?+/etc, which use
-        #   counter caches internally, can produce incorrect results). To safely backfill the values while keeping
-        #   counter cache columns updated with the child records creation/removal and to avoid the mentioned methods
-        #   use the possibly incorrect counter cache column values and always get the results from the database,
-        #   use <tt>counter_cache: { active: false }</tt>.
-        #   If you also need to specify a custom column name, use <tt>counter_cache: { active: false, column: :my_custom_counter }</tt>.
-        #
-        #   Note: If you've enabled the counter cache, then you may want to add the counter cache attribute
-        #   to the +attr_readonly+ list in the associated classes (e.g. <tt>class Post; attr_readonly :comments_count; end</tt>).
-        # [+:polymorphic+]
-        #   Specify this association is a polymorphic association by passing +true+.
-        #   Note: Since polymorphic associations rely on storing class names in the database, make sure to update the class names in the
-        #   <tt>*_type</tt> polymorphic type column of the corresponding rows.
-        # [+:validate+]
-        #   When set to +true+, validates new objects added to association when saving the parent object. +false+ by default.
-        #   If you want to ensure associated objects are revalidated on every update, use +validates_associated+.
-        # [+:autosave+]
-        #   If true, always save the associated object or destroy it if marked for destruction, when
-        #   saving the parent object.
-        #   If false, never save or destroy the associated object.
-        #   By default, only save the associated object if it's a new record.
-        #
-        #   Note that NestedAttributes::ClassMethods#accepts_nested_attributes_for
-        #   sets <tt>:autosave</tt> to <tt>true</tt>.
-        # [+:touch+]
-        #   If true, the associated object will be touched (the +updated_at+ / +updated_on+ attributes set to current time)
-        #   when this record is either saved or destroyed. If you specify a symbol, that attribute
-        #   will be updated with the current time in addition to the +updated_at+ / +updated_on+ attribute.
-        #   Please note that no validation will be performed when touching, and only the +after_touch+,
-        #   +after_commit+, and +after_rollback+ callbacks will be executed.
-        # [+:inverse_of+]
-        #   Specifies the name of the #has_one or #has_many association on the associated
-        #   object that is the inverse of this #belongs_to association.
-        #   See {Bi-directional associations}[rdoc-ref:Associations::ClassMethods@Bi-directional+associations]
-        #   for more detail.
-        # [+:optional+]
-        #   When set to +true+, the association will not have its presence validated.
-        # [+:required+]
-        #   When set to +true+, the association will also have its presence validated.
-        #   This will validate the association itself, not the id. You can use
-        #   +:inverse_of+ to avoid an extra query during validation.
-        #   NOTE: <tt>required</tt> is set to <tt>true</tt> by default and is deprecated. If
-        #   you don't want to have association presence validated, use <tt>optional: true</tt>.
-        # [+:default+]
-        #   Provide a callable (i.e. proc or lambda) to specify that the association should
-        #   be initialized with a particular record before validation.
-        #   Please note that callable won't be executed if the record exists.
-        # [+:strict_loading+]
-        #   Enforces strict loading every time the associated record is loaded through this association.
-        # [+:ensuring_owner_was+]
-        #   Specifies an instance method to be called on the owner. The method must return true in order for the
-        #   associated records to be deleted in a background job.
-        # [+:query_constraints+]
-        #   Serves as a composite foreign key. Defines the list of columns to be used to query the associated object.
-        #   This is an optional option. By default Rails will attempt to derive the value automatically.
-        #   When the value is set the Array size must match associated model's primary key or +query_constraints+ size.
-        # [+:deprecated+]
-        #   If true, marks the association as deprecated. Usage of deprecated associations is reported.
-        #   Please, check the class documentation above for details.
-        #
-        # Option examples:
-        #   belongs_to :firm, foreign_key: "client_of"
-        #   belongs_to :person, primary_key: "name", foreign_key: "person_name"
-        #   belongs_to :author, class_name: "Person", foreign_key: "author_id"
-        #   belongs_to :valid_coupon, ->(o) { where "discounts > ?", o.payments_count },
-        #                             class_name: "Coupon", foreign_key: "coupon_id"
-        #   belongs_to :attachable, polymorphic: true
-        #   belongs_to :project, -> { readonly }
-        #   belongs_to :post, counter_cache: true
-        #   belongs_to :comment, touch: true
-        #   belongs_to :company, touch: :employees_last_updated_at
-        #   belongs_to :user, optional: true
-        #   belongs_to :account, default: -> { company.account }
-        #   belongs_to :account, strict_loading: true
-        #   belongs_to :note, query_constraints: [:organization_id, :note_id]
-        def belongs_to(name, scope = nil, **options)
-          reflection = Builder::BelongsTo.build(self, name, scope, options)
-          Reflection.add_reflection(self, name, reflection)
-        end
-
-        # Specifies a many-to-many relationship with another class. This associates two classes via an
-        # intermediate join table. Unless the join table is explicitly specified as an option, it is
-        # guessed using the lexical order of the class names. So a join between Developer and Project
-        # will give the default join table name of "developers_projects" because "D" precedes "P" alphabetically.
-        # Note that this precedence is calculated using the <tt><</tt> operator for String. This
-        # means that if the strings are of different lengths, and the strings are equal when compared
-        # up to the shortest length, then the longer string is considered of higher
-        # lexical precedence than the shorter one. For example, one would expect the tables "paper_boxes" and "papers"
-        # to generate a join table name of "papers_paper_boxes" because of the length of the name "paper_boxes",
-        # but it in fact generates a join table name of "paper_boxes_papers". Be aware of this caveat, and use the
-        # custom <tt>:join_table</tt> option if you need to.
-        # If your tables share a common prefix, it will only appear once at the beginning. For example,
-        # the tables "catalog_categories" and "catalog_products" generate a join table name of "catalog_categories_products".
-        #
-        # The join table should not have a primary key or a model associated with it. You must manually generate the
-        # join table with a migration such as this:
-        #
-        #   class CreateDevelopersProjectsJoinTable < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.1]
-        #     def change
-        #       create_join_table :developers, :projects
-        #     end
-        #   end
-        #
-        # It's also a good idea to add indexes to each of those columns to speed up the joins process.
-        # However, in MySQL it is advised to add a compound index for both of the columns as MySQL only
-        # uses one index per table during the lookup.
-        #
-        # Adds the following methods for retrieval and query:
-        #
-        # +collection+ is a placeholder for the symbol passed as the +name+ argument, so
-        # <tt>has_and_belongs_to_many :categories</tt> would add among others <tt>categories.empty?</tt>.
-        #
-        # [<tt>collection</tt>]
-        #   Returns a Relation of all the associated objects.
-        #   An empty Relation is returned if none are found.
-        # [<tt>collection<<(object, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Adds one or more objects to the collection by creating associations in the join table
-        #   (<tt>collection.push</tt> and <tt>collection.concat</tt> are aliases to this method).
-        #   Note that this operation instantly fires update SQL without waiting for the save or update call on the
-        #   parent object, unless the parent object is a new record.
-        # [<tt>collection.delete(object, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Removes one or more objects from the collection by removing their associations from the join table.
-        #   This does not destroy the objects.
-        # [<tt>collection.destroy(object, ...)</tt>]
-        #   Removes one or more objects from the collection by running destroy on each association in the join table, overriding any dependent option.
-        #   This does not destroy the objects.
-        # [<tt>collection=objects</tt>]
-        #   Replaces the collection's content by deleting and adding objects as appropriate.
-        # [<tt>collection_singular_ids</tt>]
-        #   Returns an array of the associated objects' ids.
-        # [<tt>collection_singular_ids=ids</tt>]
-        #   Replace the collection by the objects identified by the primary keys in +ids+.
-        # [<tt>collection.clear</tt>]
-        #   Removes every object from the collection. This does not destroy the objects.
-        # [<tt>collection.empty?</tt>]
-        #   Returns +true+ if there are no associated objects.
-        # [<tt>collection.size</tt>]
-        #   Returns the number of associated objects.
-        # [<tt>collection.find(id)</tt>]
-        #   Finds an associated object responding to the +id+ and that
-        #   meets the condition that it has to be associated with this object.
-        #   Uses the same rules as ActiveRecord::FinderMethods#find.
-        # [<tt>collection.exists?(...)</tt>]
-        #   Checks whether an associated object with the given conditions exists.
-        #   Uses the same rules as ActiveRecord::FinderMethods#exists?.
-        # [<tt>collection.build(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+ and linked to this object through the join table, but has not yet been saved.
-        # [<tt>collection.create(attributes = {})</tt>]
-        #   Returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
-        #   with +attributes+, linked to this object through the join table, and that has already been
-        #   saved (if it passed the validation).
-        # [<tt>collection.reload</tt>]
-        #   Returns a Relation of all of the associated objects, forcing a database read.
-        #   An empty Relation is returned if none are found.
-        #
-        # ==== Example
-        #
-        #   class Developer < ActiveRecord::Base
-        #     has_and_belongs_to_many :projects
-        #   end
-        #
-        # Declaring <tt>has_and_belongs_to_many :projects</tt> adds the following methods (and more):
-        #
-        #   developer = Developer.find(11)
-        #   project   = Project.find(9)
-        #
-        #   developer.projects
-        #   developer.projects << project
-        #   developer.projects.delete(project)
-        #   developer.projects.destroy(project)
-        #   developer.projects = [project]
-        #   developer.project_ids
-        #   developer.project_ids = [9]
-        #   developer.projects.clear
-        #   developer.projects.empty?
-        #   developer.projects.size
-        #   developer.projects.find(9)
-        #   developer.projects.exists?(9)
-        #   developer.projects.build  # similar to Project.new(developer_id: 11)
-        #   developer.projects.create # similar to Project.create(developer_id: 11)
-        #   developer.projects.reload
-        #
-        # The declaration may include an +options+ hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
-        #
-        # ==== Scopes
-        #
-        # You can pass a second argument +scope+ as a callable (i.e. proc or
-        # lambda) to retrieve a specific set of records or customize the generated
-        # query when you access the associated collection.
-        #
-        # Scope examples:
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :projects, -> { includes(:milestones, :manager) }
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :categories, ->(post) {
-        #     where("default_category = ?", post.default_category)
-        #   }
-        #
-        # ==== Extensions
-        #
-        # The +extension+ argument allows you to pass a block into a
-        # has_and_belongs_to_many association. This is useful for adding new
-        # finders, creators, and other factory-type methods to be used as part of
-        # the association.
-        #
-        # Extension examples:
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :contractors do
-        #     def find_or_create_by_name(name)
-        #       first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2)
-        #       find_or_create_by(first_name: first_name, last_name: last_name)
-        #     end
-        #   end
-        #
-        # ==== Options
-        #
-        # [+:class_name+]
-        #   Specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can't be inferred
-        #   from the association name. So <tt>has_and_belongs_to_many :projects</tt> will by default be linked to the
-        #   Project class, but if the real class name is SuperProject, you'll have to specify it with this option.
-        # [+:join_table+]
-        #   Specify the name of the join table if the default based on lexical order isn't what you want.
-        #   <b>WARNING:</b> If you're overwriting the table name of either class, the +table_name+ method
-        #   MUST be declared underneath any #has_and_belongs_to_many declaration in order to work.
-        # [+:foreign_key+]
-        #   Specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name
-        #   of this class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes
-        #   a #has_and_belongs_to_many association to Project will use "person_id" as the
-        #   default <tt>:foreign_key</tt>.
-        #
-        #   Setting the <tt>:foreign_key</tt> option prevents automatic detection of the association's
-        #   inverse, so it is generally a good idea to set the <tt>:inverse_of</tt> option as well.
-        # [+:association_foreign_key+]
-        #   Specify the foreign key used for the association on the receiving side of the association.
-        #   By default this is guessed to be the name of the associated class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed.
-        #   So if a Person class makes a #has_and_belongs_to_many association to Project,
-        #   the association will use "project_id" as the default <tt>:association_foreign_key</tt>.
-        # [+:validate+]
-        #   When set to +true+, validates new objects added to association when saving the parent object. +true+ by default.
-        #   If you want to ensure associated objects are revalidated on every update, use +validates_associated+.
-        # [+:autosave+]
-        #   If true, always save the associated objects or destroy them if marked for destruction, when
-        #   saving the parent object.
-        #   If false, never save or destroy the associated objects.
-        #   By default, only save associated objects that are new records.
-        #
-        #   Note that NestedAttributes::ClassMethods#accepts_nested_attributes_for sets
-        #   <tt>:autosave</tt> to <tt>true</tt>.
-        # [+:strict_loading+]
-        #   Enforces strict loading every time an associated record is loaded through this association.
-        # [+:deprecated+]
-        #   If true, marks the association as deprecated. Usage of deprecated associations is reported.
-        #   Please, check the class documentation above for details.
-        #
-        # Option examples:
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :projects
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :projects, -> { includes(:milestones, :manager) }
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :nations, class_name: "Country"
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :categories, join_table: "prods_cats"
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :categories, -> { readonly }
-        #   has_and_belongs_to_many :categories, strict_loading: true
-        def has_and_belongs_to_many(name, scope = nil, **options, &extension)
-          habtm_reflection = ActiveRecord::Reflection::HasAndBelongsToManyReflection.new(name, scope, options, self)
-
-          builder = Builder::HasAndBelongsToMany.new(name, self, options)
-
-          join_model = builder.through_model
-
-          const_set(join_model.name, join_model)
-          private_constant(join_model.name)
-
-          middle_reflection = builder.middle_reflection(join_model)
-
-          Builder::HasMany.define_callbacks(self, middle_reflection)
-          Reflection.add_reflection(self, middle_reflection.name, middle_reflection)
-          middle_reflection.parent_reflection = habtm_reflection
-
-          include Module.new {
-            class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-              def destroy_associations
-                association(:#{middle_reflection.name}).delete_all(:delete_all)
-                association(:#{name}).reset
-                super
-              end
-            RUBY
-          }
-
-          hm_options = {}
-          hm_options[:through] = middle_reflection.name
-          hm_options[:source] = join_model.right_reflection.name
-
-          [:before_add, :after_add, :before_remove, :after_remove, :autosave, :validate, :join_table, :class_name, :extend, :strict_loading, :deprecated].each do |k|
-            hm_options[k] = options[k] if options.key?(k)
-          end
-
-          has_many name, scope, **hm_options, &extension
-          _reflections[name].parent_reflection = habtm_reflection
-        end
-      end
-  end
-end