LilyPond-Ruby 0.1.3 → 0.1.5

data/lilypond-2.24.1/libexec/musicxml2ly

@@ -0,0 +1,3482 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# This file is part of LilyPond, the GNU music typesetter.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2005--2022  Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>,
+#                           Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>,
+#                           Reinhold Kainhofer <reinhold@kainhofer.com>,
+#                           Patrick L. Schmidt <pls@philomelos.net>
+#
+# LilyPond is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# LilyPond is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with LilyPond.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from fractions import Fraction
+from functools import reduce
+import gettext
+import io
+import optparse
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+import zipfile
+
+"""
+
+# relocate-preamble.py.in
+#
+# This file is part of LilyPond, the GNU music typesetter.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2007--2022  Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
+#
+# LilyPond is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# LilyPond is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with LilyPond.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+This is generic code, used for all python scripts.
+
+The quotes are to ensure that the source .py file can still be
+run as a python script, but does not include any sys.path handling.
+Otherwise, the lilypond-book calls inside the build
+might modify installed .pyc files.
+
+"""
+
+# This is needed for installations with a non-default layout, ie where share/
+# is not next to bin/.
+sys.path.insert (0, os.path.join ('/home/lily/lilypond-2.24.1/release/binaries/lilypond/install/share/lilypond/2.24.1', 'python'))
+
+# Dynamic relocation, for installations with a default layout including GUB,
+# but also for execution from the build directory.
+bindir = os.path.abspath (os.path.dirname (sys.argv[0]))
+topdir = os.path.dirname (bindir)
+if bindir.endswith (r'/scripts/out'):
+    topdir = os.path.join (os.path.dirname (topdir), 'out')
+datadir = os.path.abspath (os.path.join (topdir, 'share', 'lilypond'))
+for v in [ 'current', '2.24.1' ]:
+    sys.path.insert (0, os.path.join (datadir, v, 'python'))
+
+"""
+"""
+
+import musicexp
+import musicxml
+import musicxml2ly_conversion
+import utilities
+
+# Load translation and install _() into Python's builtins namespace.
+gettext.install('lilypond', '/home/lily/lilypond-2.24.1/release/binaries/lilypond/install/share/locale')
+
+import lilylib as ly
+
+lilypond_version = "2.24.1"
+
+# Store command-line options in a global variable, so we can access them everywhere
+options = None
+
+
+class Conversion_Settings:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.ignore_beaming = False
+        self.convert_stem_directions = False
+        self.convert_rest_positions = True
+
+
+conversion_settings = Conversion_Settings()
+# Use a global variable to store the setting needed inside a \layout block.
+# whenever we need to change a setting or add/remove an engraver, we can access
+# this layout and add the corresponding settings
+layout_information = musicexp.Layout()
+# Use a global variable to store the setting needed inside a \paper block.
+paper = musicexp.Paper()
+
+needed_additional_definitions = []
+additional_definitions = {
+    "tuplet-note-wrapper": """      % a formatter function, which is simply a wrapper around an existing
+      % tuplet formatter function. It takes the value returned by the given
+      % function and appends a note of given length.
+  #(define-public ((tuplet-number::append-note-wrapper function note) grob)
+    (let* ((txt (if function (function grob) #f)))
+      (if txt
+        (markup txt #:fontsize -5 #:note note UP)
+        (markup #:fontsize -5 #:note note UP)
+      )
+    )
+  )""",
+
+    "tuplet-non-default-denominator": """#(define ((tuplet-number::non-default-tuplet-denominator-text denominator) grob)
+  (number->string (if denominator
+                      denominator
+                      (ly:event-property (event-cause grob) 'denominator))))
+""",
+
+    "tuplet-non-default-fraction": """#(define ((tuplet-number::non-default-tuplet-fraction-text denominator numerator) grob)
+    (let* ((ev (event-cause grob))
+           (den (if denominator denominator (ly:event-property ev 'denominator)))
+           (num (if numerator numerator (ly:event-property ev 'numerator))))
+       (format #f "~a:~a" den num)))
+""",
+}
+
+
+def round_to_two_digits(val):
+    return round(val * 100) / 100
+
+
+def extract_paper_information(score_partwise):
+    defaults = score_partwise.get_maybe_exist_named_child('defaults')
+    if not defaults:
+        return None
+    tenths = -1
+    scaling = defaults.get_maybe_exist_named_child('scaling')
+    default_tenths_to_millimeters_ratio = 0.175
+    default_staff_size = 20
+    if scaling:
+        mm = scaling.get_named_child('millimeters')
+        mm = float(mm.get_text())
+        tn = scaling.get_maybe_exist_named_child('tenths')
+        tn = float(tn.get_text())
+        # The variable 'tenths' is actually a ratio, NOT the value of <tenths>.
+        # TODO: rename and replace.
+        tenths = mm / tn
+        ratio = tenths / default_tenths_to_millimeters_ratio
+        staff_size = default_staff_size * ratio
+
+        if 1 < staff_size < 100:
+            paper.global_staff_size = staff_size
+        else:
+            msg = "paper.global_staff_size %s is too large, using defaults=20" % staff_size
+            warnings.warn(msg)
+            paper.global_staff_size = 20
+
+    # We need the scaling(i.e. the size of staff tenths for everything!
+    if tenths < 0:
+        return None
+
+    def from_tenths(txt):
+        return round_to_two_digits(float(txt) * tenths / 10)
+
+    def set_paper_variable(varname, parent, element_name):
+        el = parent.get_maybe_exist_named_child(element_name)
+        if el:  # Convert to cm from tenths
+            setattr(paper, varname, from_tenths(el.get_text()))
+
+    pagelayout = defaults.get_maybe_exist_named_child('page-layout')
+    if pagelayout:
+        # TODO: How can one have different margins for even and odd pages???
+        set_paper_variable("page_height", pagelayout, 'page-height')
+        set_paper_variable("page_width", pagelayout, 'page-width')
+
+        if conversion_settings.convert_page_margins:
+            pmargins = pagelayout.get_named_children('page-margins')
+            for pm in pmargins:
+                set_paper_variable("left_margin", pm, 'left-margin')
+                set_paper_variable("right_margin", pm, 'right-margin')
+                set_paper_variable("bottom_margin", pm, 'bottom-margin')
+                set_paper_variable("top_margin", pm, 'top-margin')
+
+    systemlayout = defaults.get_maybe_exist_named_child('system-layout')
+    if systemlayout:
+        sl = systemlayout.get_maybe_exist_named_child('system-margins')
+        if sl:
+            set_paper_variable("system_left_margin", sl, 'left-margin')
+            set_paper_variable("system_right_margin", sl, 'right-margin')
+        set_paper_variable("system_distance", systemlayout, 'system-distance')
+        set_paper_variable("top_system_distance",
+                           systemlayout, 'top-system-distance')
+
+    stafflayout = defaults.get_named_children('staff-layout')
+    for sl in stafflayout:
+        nr = getattr(sl, 'number', 1)
+        dist = sl.get_named_child('staff-distance')
+        # TODO: the staff distance needs to be set in the Staff context!!!
+
+    # TODO: Finish appearance?, music-font?, word-font?, lyric-font*, lyric-language*
+    appearance = defaults.get_named_child('appearance')
+    if appearance:
+        lws = appearance.get_named_children('line-width')
+        for lw in lws:
+            # Possible types are: beam, bracket, dashes,
+            #    enclosure, ending, extend, heavy barline, leger,
+            #    light barline, octave shift, pedal, slur middle, slur tip,
+            #    staff, stem, tie middle, tie tip, tuplet bracket, and wedge
+            tp = lw.type
+            w = from_tenths(lw.get_text())
+            # TODO: Do something with these values!
+        nss = appearance.get_named_children('note-size')
+        for ns in nss:
+            # Possible types are: cue, grace and large
+            tp = ns.type
+            sz = from_tenths(ns.get_text())
+            # TODO: Do something with these values!
+        # <other-appearance> elements have no specified meaning
+
+    rawmusicfont = defaults.get_named_child('music-font')
+    if rawmusicfont:
+        # TODO: Convert the font
+        pass
+    rawwordfont = defaults.get_named_child('word-font')
+    if rawwordfont:
+        # TODO: Convert the font
+        pass
+    rawlyricsfonts = defaults.get_named_children('lyric-font')
+    for lyricsfont in rawlyricsfonts:
+        # TODO: Convert the font
+        pass
+
+    return paper
+
+
+credit_dict = {
+    None: None,
+    '': None,
+    'page number': None,  # TODO: what is it used for ?
+    'title': 'title',
+    'subtitle': 'subtitle',
+    'composer': 'composer',
+    'arranger': 'arranger',
+    'lyricist': 'poet',
+    'rights': 'copyright'
+}
+# score information is contained in the <work>, <identification> or <movement-title> tags
+# extract those into a hash, indexed by proper lilypond header attributes
+
+
+def extract_score_information(tree):
+    header = musicexp.Header()
+
+    def set_if_exists(field, value):
+        if value:
+            header.set_field(field, utilities.escape_ly_output_string(value))
+
+    movement_title = tree.get_maybe_exist_named_child('movement-title')
+    movement_number = tree.get_maybe_exist_named_child('movement-number')
+    if movement_title:
+        set_if_exists('title', movement_title.get_text())
+    if movement_number:
+        set_if_exists('movementnumber', movement_number.get_text())
+        # set_if_exists('piece', movement_number.get_text()) # the movement number should be visible in the score.
+
+    work = tree.get_maybe_exist_named_child('work')
+    if work:
+        work_number = work.get_work_number()
+        work_title = work.get_work_title()
+        # Overwrite the title from movement-title with work->title
+        set_if_exists('title', work.get_work_title())
+        set_if_exists('opus', work.get_work_number())
+        # Use movement-title as subtitle
+        if movement_title:
+            set_if_exists('subtitle', movement_title.get_text())
+
+# TODO: Translation of opus element. Not to be confused with opus in LilyPond. MusicXML opus is a document element for opus DTD
+    identifications = tree.get_named_children('identification')
+    for ids in identifications:
+        set_if_exists('copyright', ids.get_rights())
+        set_if_exists('composer', ids.get_composer())
+        set_if_exists('arranger', ids.get_arranger())
+        set_if_exists('editor', ids.get_editor())
+        set_if_exists('poet', ids.get_poet())
+
+        set_if_exists('encodingsoftware', ids.get_encoding_software())
+        set_if_exists('encodingdate', ids.get_encoding_date())
+        set_if_exists('encoder', ids.get_encoding_person())
+        set_if_exists('encodingdescription', ids.get_encoding_description())
+        set_if_exists('source', ids.get_source())
+
+        # <miscellaneous><miscellaneous-field name="description"> ... becomes
+        # \header { texidoc = ...
+        set_if_exists('texidoc', ids.get_file_description())
+
+        # Finally, apply the required compatibility modes
+        # Some applications created wrong MusicXML files, so we need to
+        # apply some compatibility mode, e.g. ignoring some features/tags
+        # in those files
+        software = ids.get_encoding_software_list()
+
+        # Case 1: "Sibelius 5.1" with the "Dolet 3.4 for Sibelius" plugin
+        #         is missing all beam ends => ignore all beaming information
+        ignore_beaming_software = {
+            "Dolet 4 for Sibelius, Beta 2": "Dolet 4 for Sibelius, Beta 2",
+            "Dolet 3.5 for Sibelius": "Dolet 3.5 for Sibelius",
+            "Dolet 3.4 for Sibelius": "Dolet 3.4 for Sibelius",
+            "Dolet 3.3 for Sibelius": "Dolet 3.3 for Sibelius",
+            "Dolet 3.2 for Sibelius": "Dolet 3.2 for Sibelius",
+            "Dolet 3.1 for Sibelius": "Dolet 3.1 for Sibelius",
+            "Dolet for Sibelius 1.3": "Dolet for Sibelius 1.3",
+            "Noteworthy Composer": "Noteworthy Composer's nwc2xm[",
+        }
+        for s in software:
+            app_description = ignore_beaming_software.get(s, False)
+            if app_description:
+                conversion_settings.ignore_beaming = True
+                ly.warning(_("Encountered file created by %s, containing "
+                             "wrong beaming information. All beaming "
+                             "information in the MusicXML file will be "
+                             "ignored") % app_description)
+
+    credits = tree.get_named_children('credit')
+    has_composer = False
+    for cred in credits:
+        type = credit_dict.get(cred.get_type())
+        if type is None:
+            type = credit_dict.get(cred.find_type(credits))
+        if type == 'composer':
+            if has_composer:
+                type = 'poet'
+            else:
+                has_composer = True
+            set_if_exists(type, cred.get_text())
+        elif type == 'title':
+            if not work and not movement_title:
+                set_if_exists('title', cred.get_text())
+            # elif(not(movement_title)): #bullshit!
+            #    set_if_exists('subtitle', cred.get_text()) #bullshit! otherwise both title and subtitle show the work-title.
+        elif type is None:
+            pass
+        else:
+            set_if_exists(type, cred.get_text())
+
+    # TODO: Check for other unsupported features
+    return header
+
+
+class PartGroupInfo:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.start = {}
+        self.end = {}
+
+    def is_empty(self):
+        return len(self.start) + len(self.end) == 0
+
+    def add_start(self, g):
+        self.start[getattr(g, 'number', "1")] = g
+
+    def add_end(self, g):
+        self.end[getattr(g, 'number', "1")] = g
+
+    def print_ly(self, printer):
+        ly.warning(_("Unprocessed PartGroupInfo %s encountered") % self)
+
+    def ly_expression(self):
+        ly.warning(_("Unprocessed PartGroupInfo %s encountered") % self)
+        return ''
+
+
+def staff_attributes_to_string_tunings(mxl_attr):
+    details = mxl_attr.get_maybe_exist_named_child('staff-details')
+    if not details:
+        return []
+    lines = 6
+    staff_lines = details.get_maybe_exist_named_child('staff-lines')
+    if staff_lines:
+        lines = int(staff_lines.get_text())
+    tunings = [musicexp.Pitch()] * lines
+    staff_tunings = details.get_named_children('staff-tuning')
+    for i in staff_tunings:
+        p = musicexp.Pitch()
+        line = 0
+        try:
+            line = int(i.line) - 1
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        tunings[line] = p
+
+        step = i.get_named_child('tuning-step')
+        step = step.get_text().strip()
+        p.step = musicxml2ly_conversion.musicxml_step_to_lily(step)
+
+        octave = i.get_named_child('tuning-octave')
+        octave = octave.get_text().strip()
+        p.octave = int(octave) - 4
+
+        alter = i.get_named_child('tuning-alter')
+        if alter:
+            p.alteration = int(alter.get_text().strip())
+    # lilypond seems to use the opposite ordering than MusicXML...
+    tunings.reverse()
+    return tunings
+
+
+def staff_attributes_to_lily_staff(mxl_attr):
+    if not mxl_attr:
+        return musicexp.Staff()
+
+    (staff_id, attributes) = list(mxl_attr.items())[0]
+
+    # distinguish by clef:
+    # percussion(percussion and rhythmic), tab, and everything else
+    clef_sign = None
+    clef = attributes.get_maybe_exist_named_child('clef')
+    if clef:
+        sign = clef.get_maybe_exist_named_child('sign')
+        if sign:
+            clef_sign = {"percussion": "percussion",
+                         "TAB": "tab"}.get(sign.get_text(), None)
+
+    lines = 5
+    details = attributes.get_named_children('staff-details')
+    for d in details:
+        staff_lines = d.get_maybe_exist_named_child('staff-lines')
+        if staff_lines:
+            lines = int(staff_lines.get_text())
+
+    # TODO: Handle other staff attributes like staff-space, etc.
+
+    staff = None
+    if clef_sign == "percussion" and lines == 1:
+        staff = musicexp.RhythmicStaff()
+    elif clef_sign == "percussion":
+        staff = musicexp.DrumStaff()
+        # staff.drum_style_table = ???
+    elif clef_sign == "tab":
+        staff = musicexp.TabStaff()
+        staff.string_tunings = staff_attributes_to_string_tunings(attributes)
+        # staff.tablature_format = ???
+    else:
+        staff = musicexp.Staff()
+        # TODO: Handle case with lines != 5!
+        if lines != 5:
+            staff.add_context_modification(
+                "\\override StaffSymbol.line-count = #%s" % lines)
+
+    return staff
+
+
+def extract_instrument_sound(score_part):
+    score_instrument = score_part.get_maybe_exist_named_child(
+        'score-instrument')
+    if not score_instrument:
+        return None
+    sound = score_instrument.get_maybe_exist_named_child('instrument-sound')
+    if sound:
+        return utilities.musicxml_sound_to_lilypond_midi_instrument(sound.get_text())
+
+
+def extract_score_structure(part_list, staffinfo):
+    score = musicexp.Score()
+    structure = musicexp.StaffGroup(None)
+    score.set_contents(structure)
+
+    if not part_list:
+        return structure
+
+    def read_score_part(el):
+        if not isinstance(el, musicxml.Score_part):
+            return
+        # Depending on the attributes of the first measure, we create different
+        # types of staves(Staff, RhythmicStaff, DrumStaff, TabStaff, etc.)
+        staff = staff_attributes_to_lily_staff(staffinfo.get(el.id, None))
+        if not staff:
+            return None
+        staff.id = el.id
+        partname = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child('part-name')
+        # Finale gives unnamed parts the name "MusicXML Part" automatically!
+        if partname and partname.get_text() != "MusicXML Part":
+            staff.instrument_name = partname.get_text()
+        # part-name-display overrides part-name!
+        partname = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child("part-name-display")
+        if partname:
+            staff.instrument_name = extract_display_text(partname)
+        if hasattr(options, 'midi') and options.midi:
+            staff.sound = extract_instrument_sound(el)
+        if staff.instrument_name:
+            paper.indent = max(paper.indent, len(staff.instrument_name))
+            paper.instrument_names.append(staff.instrument_name)
+        partdisplay = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child('part-abbreviation')
+        if partdisplay:
+            staff.short_instrument_name = partdisplay.get_text()
+        # part-abbreviation-display overrides part-abbreviation!
+        partdisplay = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child(
+            "part-abbreviation-display")
+        if partdisplay:
+            staff.short_instrument_name = extract_display_text(partdisplay)
+        # TODO: Read in the MIDI device / instrument
+        if staff.short_instrument_name:
+            paper.short_indent = max(
+                paper.short_indent, len(staff.short_instrument_name))
+
+        return staff
+
+    def read_score_group(el):
+        if not isinstance(el, musicxml.Part_group):
+            return
+        group = musicexp.StaffGroup()
+        if hasattr(el, 'number'):
+            id = el.number
+            group.id = id
+            #currentgroups_dict[id] = group
+            # currentgroups.append(id)
+        if el.get_maybe_exist_named_child('group-name'):
+            group.instrument_name = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child(
+                'group-name').get_text()
+        if el.get_maybe_exist_named_child('group-abbreviation'):
+            group.short_instrument_name = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child(
+                'group-abbreviation').get_text()
+        if el.get_maybe_exist_named_child('group-symbol'):
+            group.symbol = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child(
+                'group-symbol').get_text()
+        if el.get_maybe_exist_named_child('group-barline'):
+            group.spanbar = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child(
+                'group-barline').get_text()
+        return group
+
+    parts_groups = part_list.get_all_children()
+
+    # the start/end group tags are not necessarily ordered correctly and groups
+    # might even overlap, so we can't go through the children sequentially!
+
+    # 1) Replace all Score_part objects by their corresponding Staff objects,
+    #    also collect all group start/stop points into one PartGroupInfo object
+    staves = []
+    group_info = PartGroupInfo()
+    for el in parts_groups:
+        if isinstance(el, musicxml.Score_part):
+            if not group_info.is_empty():
+                staves.append(group_info)
+                group_info = PartGroupInfo()
+            staff = read_score_part(el)
+            if staff:
+                staves.append(staff)
+        elif isinstance(el, musicxml.Part_group):
+            if el.type == "start":
+                group_info.add_start(el)
+            elif el.type == "stop":
+                group_info.add_end(el)
+    if not group_info.is_empty():
+        staves.append(group_info)
+
+    # 2) Now, detect the groups:
+    group_starts = []
+    pos = 0
+    while pos < len(staves):
+        el = staves[pos]
+        if isinstance(el, PartGroupInfo):
+            prev_start = 0
+            if len(group_starts) > 0:
+                prev_start = group_starts[-1]
+            elif len(el.end) > 0:  # no group to end here
+                el.end = {}
+            if len(el.end) > 0:  # closes an existing group
+                ends = list(el.end.keys())
+                prev_started = list(staves[prev_start].start.keys())
+                grpid = None
+                intersection = [x for x in prev_started if x in ends]
+                if len(intersection) > 0:
+                    grpid = intersection[0]
+                else:
+                    # Close the last started group
+                    grpid = list(staves[prev_start].start.keys())[0]
+                    # Find the corresponding closing tag and remove it!
+                    j = pos + 1
+                    foundclosing = False
+                    while j < len(staves) and not foundclosing:
+                        if isinstance(staves[j], PartGroupInfo) and grpid in staves[j].end:
+                            foundclosing = True
+                            del staves[j].end[grpid]
+                            if staves[j].is_empty():
+                                del staves[j]
+                        j += 1
+                grpobj = staves[prev_start].start[grpid]
+                group = read_score_group(grpobj)
+                # remove the id from both the start and end
+                if grpid in el.end:
+                    del el.end[grpid]
+                del staves[prev_start].start[grpid]
+                if el.is_empty():
+                    del staves[pos]
+                # replace the staves with the whole group
+                for j in staves[(prev_start + 1):pos]:
+                    group.append_staff(j)
+                del staves[(prev_start + 1):pos]
+                staves.insert(prev_start + 1, group)
+                # reset pos so that we continue at the correct position
+                pos = prev_start
+                # remove an empty start group
+                if staves[prev_start].is_empty():
+                    del staves[prev_start]
+                    group_starts.remove(prev_start)
+                    pos -= 1
+            elif len(el.start) > 0:  # starts new part groups
+                group_starts.append(pos)
+        pos += 1
+
+    for i in staves:
+        structure.append_staff(i)
+    return score
+
+
+def musicxml_partial_to_lily(partial_len):
+    if partial_len > 0:
+        p = musicexp.Partial()
+        p.partial = musicxml2ly_conversion.rational_to_lily_duration(
+            partial_len)
+        return p
+    else:
+        return None
+
+# Detect repeats and alternative endings in the chord event list(music_list)
+# and convert them to the corresponding musicexp objects, containing nested
+# music
+
+
+def group_repeats(music_list):
+    repeat_replaced = True
+    music_start = 0
+    i = 0
+    # Walk through the list of expressions, looking for repeat structure
+    # (repeat start/end, corresponding endings). If we find one, try to find the
+    # last event of the repeat, replace the whole structure and start over again.
+    # For nested repeats, as soon as we encounter another starting repeat bar,
+    # treat that one first, and start over for the outer repeat.
+    while repeat_replaced and i < 100:
+        i += 1
+        repeat_start = -1  # position of repeat start / end
+        repeat_end = -1  # position of repeat start / end
+        repeat_times = 0
+        ending_start = -1  # position of current ending start
+        endings = []  # list of already finished endings
+        pos = 0
+        last = len(music_list) - 1
+        repeat_replaced = False
+        final_marker = 0
+        while pos < len(music_list) and not repeat_replaced:
+            e = music_list[pos]
+            repeat_finished = False
+            if isinstance(e, musicxml2ly_conversion.RepeatMarker):
+                if not repeat_times and e.times:
+                    repeat_times = e.times
+                if e.direction == -1:
+                    if repeat_end >= 0:
+                        repeat_finished = True
+                    else:
+                        repeat_start = pos
+                        repeat_end = -1
+                        ending_start = -1
+                        endings = []
+                elif e.direction == 1:
+                    if repeat_start < 0:
+                        repeat_start = 0
+                    if repeat_end < 0:
+                        repeat_end = pos
+                    final_marker = pos
+            elif isinstance(e, musicxml2ly_conversion.EndingMarker):
+                if e.direction == -1:
+                    if repeat_start < 0:
+                        repeat_start = 0
+                    if repeat_end < 0:
+                        repeat_end = pos
+                    ending_start = pos
+                elif e.direction == 1:
+                    if ending_start < 0:
+                        ending_start = 0
+                    endings.append([ending_start, pos])
+                    ending_start = -1
+                    final_marker = pos
+            elif not isinstance(e, musicexp.BarLine):
+                # As soon as we encounter an element when repeat start and end
+                # is set and we are not inside an alternative ending,
+                # this whole repeat structure is finished => replace it
+                if repeat_start >= 0 and repeat_end > 0 and ending_start < 0:
+                    repeat_finished = True
+
+            # Finish off all repeats without explicit ending bar(e.g. when
+            # we convert only one page of a multi-page score with repeats)
+            if pos == last and repeat_start >= 0:
+                repeat_finished = True
+                final_marker = pos
+                if repeat_end < 0:
+                    repeat_end = pos
+                if ending_start >= 0:
+                    endings.append([ending_start, pos])
+                    ending_start = -1
+
+            if repeat_finished:
+                # We found the whole structure replace it!
+                r = musicexp.RepeatedMusic()
+                if repeat_times <= 0:
+                    repeat_times = 2
+                r.repeat_count = repeat_times
+                # don't erase the first element for "implicit" repeats(i.e. no
+                # starting repeat bars at the very beginning)
+                start = repeat_start + 1
+                if repeat_start == music_start:
+                    start = music_start
+                r.set_music(music_list[start:repeat_end])
+                for(start, end) in endings:
+                    s = musicexp.SequentialMusic()
+                    s.elements = music_list[start + 1:end]
+                    r.add_ending(s)
+                del music_list[repeat_start:final_marker + 1]
+                music_list.insert(repeat_start, r)
+                repeat_replaced = True
+            pos += 1
+        # TODO: Implement repeats until the end without explicit ending bar
+    return music_list
+
+
+# Extract the settings for tuplets from the <notations><tuplet> and the
+# <time-modification> elements of the note:
+def musicxml_tuplet_to_lily(tuplet_elt, time_modification):
+    tsm = musicexp.TimeScaledMusic()
+    fraction = (1, 1)
+    if time_modification:
+        fraction = time_modification.get_fraction()
+    tsm.numerator = fraction[0]
+    tsm.denominator = fraction[1]
+
+    normal_type = tuplet_elt.get_normal_type()
+    if not normal_type and time_modification:
+        normal_type = time_modification.get_normal_type()
+    if not normal_type and time_modification:
+        note = time_modification.get_parent()
+        if note:
+            normal_type = note.get_duration_info()
+    if normal_type:
+        normal_note = musicexp.Duration()
+        (normal_note.duration_log, normal_note.dots) = normal_type
+        tsm.normal_type = normal_note
+
+    actual_type = tuplet_elt.get_actual_type()
+    if actual_type:
+        actual_note = musicexp.Duration()
+        (actual_note.duration_log, actual_note.dots) = actual_type
+        tsm.actual_type = actual_note
+
+    # Obtain non-default nrs of notes from the tuplet object!
+    tsm.display_numerator = tuplet_elt.get_normal_nr()
+    tsm.display_denominator = tuplet_elt.get_actual_nr()
+
+    if hasattr(tuplet_elt, 'bracket') and tuplet_elt.bracket == "no":
+        tsm.display_bracket = None
+    elif hasattr(tuplet_elt, 'line-shape') and getattr(tuplet_elt, 'line-shape') == "curved":
+        tsm.display_bracket = "curved"
+    else:
+        tsm.display_bracket = "bracket"
+
+    display_values = {"none": None, "actual": "actual", "both": "both"}
+    if hasattr(tuplet_elt, "show-number"):
+        tsm.display_number = display_values.get(
+            getattr(tuplet_elt, "show-number"), "actual")
+
+    if hasattr(tuplet_elt, "show-type"):
+        tsm.display_type = display_values.get(
+            getattr(tuplet_elt, "show-type"), None)
+
+    return tsm
+
+
+def group_tuplets(music_list, events):
+    """Collect Musics from
+    MUSIC_LIST demarcated by EVENTS_LIST in TimeScaledMusic objects.
+    """
+
+    indices = []
+    brackets = {}
+
+    j = 0
+    for(ev_chord, tuplet_elt, time_modification) in events:
+        while j < len(music_list):
+            if music_list[j] == ev_chord:
+                break
+            j += 1
+        nr = 0
+        if hasattr(tuplet_elt, 'number'):
+            nr = getattr(tuplet_elt, 'number')
+        if tuplet_elt.type == 'start':
+            tuplet_object = musicxml_tuplet_to_lily(
+                tuplet_elt, time_modification)
+            tuplet_info = [j, None, tuplet_object]
+            indices.append(tuplet_info)
+            brackets[nr] = tuplet_info
+        elif tuplet_elt.type == 'stop':
+            bracket_info = brackets.get(nr, None)
+            if bracket_info:
+                bracket_info[1] = j  # Set the ending position to j
+                del brackets[nr]
+
+    new_list = []
+    last = 0
+    for(i1, i2, tsm) in indices:
+        if i1 > i2:
+            continue
+
+        new_list.extend(music_list[last:i1])
+        seq = musicexp.SequentialMusic()
+        last = i2 + 1
+
+        # At this point music_list[i1:last] encompasses all the notes of the
+        # tuplet. There might be dynamics following this range, however, which
+        # apply to the last note of the tuplet. Advance last to include them
+        # in the range.
+        while last < len(music_list) and isinstance(music_list[last], musicexp.DynamicsEvent):
+            last += 1
+
+        seq.elements = music_list[i1:last]
+
+        tsm.element = seq
+
+        new_list.append(tsm)
+        # TODO: Handle nested tuplets!!!!
+
+    new_list.extend(music_list[last:])
+    return new_list
+
+
+def musicxml_clef_to_lily(attributes):
+    change = musicexp.ClefChange()
+    (change.type, change.position, change.octave) = attributes.get_clef_information()
+    return change
+
+
+def musicxml_time_to_lily(attributes):
+    change = musicexp.TimeSignatureChange()
+    # time signature function
+    if hasattr(options, 'shift_meter') and options.shift_meter:
+        tmp_meter = options.shift_meter.split("/", 1)
+        sig = [int(tmp_meter[0]), int(tmp_meter[1])]
+        change.originalFractions = attributes.get_time_signature()
+    else:
+        sig = attributes.get_time_signature()
+    if not sig:
+        return None
+    change.fractions = sig
+
+    time_elm = attributes.get_maybe_exist_named_child('time')
+    if time_elm and hasattr(time_elm, 'symbol'):
+        change.style = {'single-number': "'single-digit",
+                        'cut': None,
+                        'common': None,
+                        'normal': "'()"}.get(time_elm.symbol, "'()")
+    else:
+        change.style = "'()"
+
+    if getattr(time_elm, 'print-object', 'yes') == 'no':
+        change.visible = False
+
+    # TODO: Handle senza-misura measures
+    # TODO: What shall we do if the symbol clashes with the sig? e.g. "cut"
+    #       with 3/8 or "single-number" with(2+3)/8 or 3/8+2/4?
+    return change
+
+
+def musicxml_key_to_lily(attributes):
+    key_sig = attributes.get_key_signature()
+    if not key_sig or not(isinstance(key_sig, list) or isinstance(key_sig, tuple)):
+        ly.warning(_("Unable to extract key signature!"))
+        return None
+
+    change = musicexp.KeySignatureChange()
+
+    if len(key_sig) == 2 and not isinstance(key_sig[0], list):
+        # standard key signature,(fifths, mode)
+        (fifths, mode) = key_sig
+        change.mode = mode
+
+        start_pitch = musicexp.Pitch()
+        start_pitch.octave = 0
+        try:
+            (n, a) = {
+                'major': (0, 0),
+                'minor': (5, 0),
+                'ionian': (0, 0),
+                'dorian': (1, 0),
+                'phrygian': (2, 0),
+                'lydian': (3, 0),
+                'mixolydian': (4, 0),
+                'aeolian': (5, 0),
+                'locrian': (6, 0),
+            }[mode]
+            start_pitch.step = n
+            start_pitch.alteration = a
+        except KeyError:
+            ly.warning(_("unknown mode %s, expecting 'major' or 'minor' "
+                         "or a church mode!") % mode)
+
+        fifth = musicexp.Pitch()
+        fifth.step = 4
+        if fifths < 0:
+            fifths *= -1
+            fifth.step *= -1
+            fifth.normalize()
+        for x in range(fifths):
+            start_pitch = start_pitch.transposed(fifth)
+        change.tonic = start_pitch
+
+    else:
+        # Non-standard key signature of the form [[step,alter<,octave>],...]
+        # MusicXML contains C,D,E,F,G,A,B as steps, lily uses 0-7, so convert
+        alterations = []
+        for k in key_sig:
+            k[0] = musicxml2ly_conversion.musicxml_step_to_lily(k[0])
+            alterations.append(k)
+        change.non_standard_alterations = alterations
+    return change
+
+
+def musicxml_transpose_to_lily(attributes):
+    transpose = attributes.get_transposition()
+    if not transpose:
+        return None
+
+    shift = musicexp.Pitch()
+    octave_change = transpose.get_maybe_exist_named_child('octave-change')
+    if octave_change:
+        shift.octave = int(octave_change.get_text())
+    chromatic_shift = int(transpose.get_named_child('chromatic').get_text())
+    chromatic_shift_normalized = chromatic_shift % 12
+    (shift.step, shift.alteration) = [
+        (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, -1), (2, 0),
+        (3, 0), (3, 1), (4, 0), (5, -1), (5, 0),
+        (6, -1), (6, 0)][chromatic_shift_normalized]
+
+    shift.octave += (chromatic_shift - chromatic_shift_normalized) // 12
+
+    diatonic = transpose.get_maybe_exist_named_child('diatonic')
+    if diatonic:
+        diatonic_step = int(diatonic.get_text()) % 7
+        if diatonic_step != shift.step:
+            # We got the alter incorrect!
+            old_semitones = shift.semitones()
+            shift.step = diatonic_step
+            new_semitones = shift.semitones()
+            shift.alteration += old_semitones - new_semitones
+
+    transposition = musicexp.Transposition()
+    transposition.pitch = musicexp.Pitch().transposed(shift)
+    return transposition
+
+
+def musicxml_staff_details_to_lily(attributes):
+    details = attributes.get_maybe_exist_named_child('staff-details')
+    if not details:
+        return None
+
+    # TODO: Handle staff-type, staff-lines, staff-tuning, capo, staff-size
+    ret = []
+
+    stafflines = details.get_maybe_exist_named_child('staff-lines')
+    if stafflines:
+        lines = int(stafflines.get_text())
+        lines_event = musicexp.StaffLinesEvent(lines)
+        ret.append(lines_event)
+
+    return ret
+
+
+def musicxml_attributes_to_lily(attrs):
+    elts = []
+    attr_dispatch = [
+        ('clef', musicxml_clef_to_lily),
+        ('time', musicxml_time_to_lily),
+        ('key', musicxml_key_to_lily),
+        ('transpose', musicxml_transpose_to_lily),
+        ('staff-details', musicxml_staff_details_to_lily),
+    ]
+    for (k, func) in attr_dispatch:
+        children = attrs.get_named_children(k)
+        if children:
+            ev = func(attrs)
+            if isinstance(ev, list):
+                for e in ev:
+                    elts.append(e)
+            elif ev:
+                elts.append(ev)
+
+    return elts
+
+
+def extract_display_text(el):
+    children = el.get_typed_children(musicxml.get_class("display-text"))
+    if children:
+        return " ".join([child.get_text() for child in children])
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def musicxml_print_to_lily(el):
+    # TODO: Implement other print attributes
+    #  <!ELEMENT print (page-layout?, system-layout?, staff-layout*,
+    #          measure-layout?, measure-numbering?, part-name-display?,
+    #          part-abbreviation-display?)>
+    #  <!ATTLIST print
+    #      staff-spacing %tenths; #IMPLIED
+    #      new-system %yes-no; #IMPLIED
+    #      new-page %yes-no-number; #IMPLIED
+    #      blank-page NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
+    #      page-number CDATA #IMPLIED
+    #  >
+    elts = []
+    if (hasattr(el, "new-system") and conversion_settings.convert_system_breaks):
+        val = getattr(el, "new-system")
+        if val == "yes":
+            elts.append(musicexp.Break("break"))
+    if hasattr(el, "new-page") and conversion_settings.convert_page_breaks:
+        val = getattr(el, "new-page")
+        if val == "yes":
+            elts.append(musicexp.Break("pageBreak"))
+    child = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child("part-name-display")
+    if child:
+        elts.append(musicexp.SetEvent("Staff.instrumentName",
+                                      "\"%s\"" % extract_display_text(child)))
+    child = el.get_maybe_exist_named_child("part-abbreviation-display")
+    if child:
+        elts.append(musicexp.SetEvent("Staff.shortInstrumentName",
+                                      "\"%s\"" % extract_display_text(child)))
+    return elts
+
+
+spanner_event_dict = {
+    'beam': musicexp.BeamEvent,
+    'dashes': musicexp.TextSpannerEvent,
+    'bracket': musicexp.BracketSpannerEvent,
+    'glissando': musicexp.GlissandoEvent,
+    'octave-shift': musicexp.OctaveShiftEvent,
+    'pedal': musicexp.PedalEvent,
+    'slide': musicexp.GlissandoEvent,
+    'slur': musicexp.SlurEvent,
+    'wavy-line': musicexp.TextSpannerEvent,
+    'wedge': musicexp.HairpinEvent
+}
+spanner_type_dict = {
+    'start': -1,
+    'begin': -1,
+    'crescendo': -1,
+    'decreschendo': -1,
+    'diminuendo': -1,
+    'continue': 0,
+    'change': 0,
+    'up': -1,
+    'down': -1,
+    'stop': 1,
+    'end': 1
+}
+
+
+def musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = None
+
+    name = mxl_event.get_name()
+    func = spanner_event_dict.get(name)
+    if func:
+        ev = func()
+    else:
+        ly.warning(_('unknown span event %s') % mxl_event)
+
+    if name == "wavy-line":
+        ev.style = OrnamenthasWhat(mxl_event)
+
+    type = mxl_event.get_type()
+    span_direction = spanner_type_dict.get(type)
+    # really check for None, because some types will be translated to 0, which
+    # would otherwise also lead to the unknown span warning
+    if span_direction is not None:
+        ev.span_direction = span_direction
+    else:
+        ly.warning(_('unknown span type %s for %s') % (type, name))
+
+    ev.set_span_type(type)
+    ev.line_type = getattr(mxl_event, 'line-type', 'solid')
+
+    # assign the size, which is used for octave-shift, etc.
+    ev.size = mxl_event.get_size()
+
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_direction_to_indicator(direction):
+    return {"above": 1, "upright": 1, "up": 1, "below": -1, "downright": -1, "down": -1, "inverted": -1}.get(direction, 0)
+
+
+def musicxml_fermata_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+
+    ev = musicexp.ArticulationEvent()
+    txt = mxl_event.get_text()
+
+    # The contents of the element defined the shape, possible are normal, angled and square
+    ev.type = {"angled": "shortfermata",
+               "square": "longfermata"}.get(txt, "fermata")
+    fermata_types = {"angled": "shortfermata",
+                     "square": "longfermata"}
+
+    # MusicXML fermata types can be specified in two different ways:
+    # 1. <fermata>angled</fermata> and
+    # 2. <fermata type="angled"/> -- both need to be handled.
+    if hasattr(mxl_event, 'type'):
+        fermata_type = fermata_types.get(mxl_event.type, 'fermata')
+    else:
+        fermata_type = fermata_types.get(mxl_event.get_text(), 'fermata')
+
+    ev.type = fermata_type
+
+    if hasattr(mxl_event, 'type'):
+        dir = musicxml_direction_to_indicator(mxl_event.type)
+        if dir and options.convert_directions:
+            ev.force_direction = dir
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_arpeggiate_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.ArpeggioEvent()
+    ev.direction = musicxml_direction_to_indicator(
+        getattr(mxl_event, 'direction', None))
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_nonarpeggiate_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.ArpeggioEvent()
+    ev.non_arpeggiate = True
+    ev.direction = musicxml_direction_to_indicator(
+        getattr(mxl_event, 'direction', None))
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_tremolo_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.TremoloEvent()
+    txt = mxl_event.get_text()
+    if txt:
+        ev.strokes = txt
+    else:
+        # This is supposed to be a default for empty tremolo elements
+        # TODO: Add empty tremolo element to test cases in tremolo.xml
+        # TODO: Test empty tremolo element
+        # TODO: Consideration: Is 3 really a reasonable default?
+        ev.strokes = "3"
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_falloff_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.BendEvent()
+    ev.alter = -4
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_doit_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.BendEvent()
+    ev.alter = 4
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_bend_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.BendEvent()
+    ev.alter = mxl_event.bend_alter()
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_breath_mark_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    # TODO: Read the <breath-mark-value> child and override the type
+    # of symbol: comma, tick, upbow, salzedo.
+    return musicexp.BreatheEvent()
+
+
+def musicxml_caesura_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    # TODO: Read the <caesura-value> child and override the type of
+    # symbol: normal, thick, short, curved, single.
+    return musicexp.CaesuraEvent()
+
+
+def musicxml_fingering_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent()
+    ev.type = mxl_event.get_text()
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_string_event(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.NoDirectionArticulationEvent()
+    ev.type = mxl_event.get_text()
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_accidental_mark(mxl_event):
+    ev = musicexp.MarkupEvent()
+    contents = {"sharp": "\\sharp",
+                "natural": "\\natural",
+                "flat": "\\flat",
+                "double-sharp": "\\doublesharp",
+                "sharp-sharp": "\\sharp\\sharp",
+                "flat-flat": "\\flat\\flat",
+                "flat-flat": "\\doubleflat",
+                "natural-sharp": "\\natural\\sharp",
+                "natural-flat": "\\natural\\flat",
+                "quarter-flat": "\\semiflat",
+                "quarter-sharp": "\\semisharp",
+                "three-quarters-flat": "\\sesquiflat",
+                "three-quarters-sharp": "\\sesquisharp",
+                }.get(mxl_event.get_text())
+    if contents:
+        ev.contents = contents
+        return ev
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+# translate articulations, ornaments and other notations into ArticulationEvents
+# possible values:
+#   -) string  (ArticulationEvent with that name)
+#   -) function (function(mxl_event) needs to return a full ArticulationEvent-derived object
+#   -) (class, name)  (like string, only that a different class than ArticulationEvent is used)
+# TODO: Some translations are missing!
+articulations_dict = {
+    "accent": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, ">"),  # or "accent"
+    "accidental-mark": musicxml_accidental_mark,
+    "bend": musicxml_bend_to_lily_event,
+    "breath-mark": musicxml_breath_mark_to_lily_event,
+    "caesura": musicxml_caesura_to_lily_event,
+    # "delayed-turn": "?",
+    "detached-legato": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, "_"),  # or "portato"
+    "doit": musicxml_doit_to_lily_event,
+    # "double-tongue": "?",
+    "down-bow": "downbow",
+    "falloff": musicxml_falloff_to_lily_event,
+    "fingering": musicxml_fingering_event,
+    # "fingernails": "?",
+    # "fret": "?",
+    # "hammer-on": "?",
+    "harmonic": "flageolet",
+    # "heel": "?",
+    "inverted-mordent": "prall",
+    "inverted-turn": "reverseturn",
+    "mordent": "mordent",
+    "open-string": "open",
+    # "plop": "?",
+    # "pluck": "?",
+    # "pull-off": "?",
+    # "schleifer": "?",
+    # "scoop": "?",
+    # "shake": "?",
+    "snap-pizzicato": "snappizzicato",
+    # "spiccato": "?",
+    # or "staccatissimo"
+    "staccatissimo": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, "!"),
+    "staccato": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, "."),  # or "staccato"
+    "stopped": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, "+"),  # or "stopped"
+    # "stress": "?",
+    "string": musicxml_string_event,
+    "strong-accent": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, "^"),  # or "marcato"
+    # "tap": "?",
+    "tenuto": (musicexp.ShortArticulationEvent, "-"),  # or "tenuto"
+    "thumb-position": "thumb",
+    # "toe": "?",
+    "turn": "turn",
+    "tremolo": musicxml_tremolo_to_lily_event,
+    "trill-mark": "trill",
+    # "triple-tongue": "?",
+    # "unstress": "?"
+    "up-bow": "upbow",
+    # "wavy-line": "?",
+}
+articulation_spanners = ["wavy-line"]
+
+
+def OrnamenthasWhat(mxl_event):
+    wavy = trilly = ignore = start = stop = False
+    for i in mxl_event._parent._children:
+        if i._name == "wavy-line":
+            wavy = True
+        elif i._name == "trill-mark":
+            trilly = True
+        try:
+            if i.type == "continue":
+                ignore = True
+            elif i.type == "start":
+                start = True
+            elif i.type == "stop":
+                stop = True
+        except Exception: ## TODO: find out what to except.
+            pass
+    if start == True:
+        if wavy == True and trilly == False:
+            musicexp.whatOrnament = "wave"
+        else:
+            musicexp.whatOrnament = "trill"
+    if ignore == True:
+        return "ignore"
+    elif stop == True:
+        return "stop"
+    elif wavy == True and trilly == True:
+        return "trill and wave"
+    elif wavy == True:
+        return "wave"
+    elif trilly == True:
+        return "trill"
+
+
+def OrnamenthasWavyline(mxl_event):
+    for i in mxl_event._parent._children:
+        if i._name == "wavy-line":
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def musicxml_articulation_to_lily_event(mxl_event):
+    # wavy-line elements are treated as trill spanners, not as articulation ornaments
+    if mxl_event.get_name() in articulation_spanners:
+        return musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(mxl_event)
+
+    tmp_tp = articulations_dict.get(mxl_event.get_name())
+    if OrnamenthasWavyline(mxl_event):
+        return
+    if not tmp_tp:
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(tmp_tp, str):
+        ev = musicexp.ArticulationEvent()
+        ev.type = tmp_tp
+    elif isinstance(tmp_tp, tuple):
+        ev = tmp_tp[0]()
+        ev.type = tmp_tp[1]
+    else:
+        ev = tmp_tp(mxl_event)
+
+    # Some articulations use the type attribute, other the placement...
+    dir = None
+    if hasattr(mxl_event, 'type') and hasattr(options, 'convert_directions') and options.convert_directions:
+        dir = musicxml_direction_to_indicator(mxl_event.type)
+    if hasattr(mxl_event, 'placement') and hasattr(options, 'convert_directions') and options.convert_directions:
+        dir = musicxml_direction_to_indicator(mxl_event.placement)
+    if dir:
+        ev.force_direction = dir
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_dynamics_to_lily_event(dynentry):
+    dynamics_available = (
+        "ppppp", "pppp", "ppp", "pp", "p", "mp", "mf",
+        "f", "ff", "fff", "ffff", "fp", "sf", "sff", "sp", "spp", "sfz", "rfz")
+    dynamicsname = dynentry.get_name()
+    if dynamicsname == "other-dynamics":
+        dynamicsname = dynentry.get_text()
+    if not dynamicsname or dynamicsname == "#text":
+        return None
+
+    if not dynamicsname in dynamics_available:
+        # Get rid of - in tag names (illegal in ly tags!)
+        dynamicstext = dynamicsname
+        dynamicsname = dynamicsname.replace("-", "")
+        additional_definitions[dynamicsname] = dynamicsname + \
+            " = #(make-dynamic-script \"" + dynamicstext + "\")"
+        needed_additional_definitions.append(dynamicsname)
+    event = musicexp.DynamicsEvent()
+    event.type = dynamicsname
+    return event
+
+# Convert single-color two-byte strings to numbers 0.0 - 1.0
+
+
+def hexcolorval_to_nr(hex_val):
+    try:
+        v = int(hex_val, 16)
+        if v == 255:
+            v = 256
+        return v / 256.
+    except ValueError:
+        return 0.
+
+
+def hex_to_color(hex_val):
+    res = re.match(
+        r'#([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|)([0-9a-f][0-9a-f])([0-9a-f][0-9a-f])([0-9a-f][0-9a-f])$', hex_val, re.IGNORECASE)
+    if res:
+        return [hexcolorval_to_nr(x) for x in res.group(2, 3, 4)]
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def font_size_number_to_lily_command(size):
+    d = {
+        (0, 8): r'\teeny',
+        (8, 10): r'\tiny',
+        (10, 12): r'\small',
+        (12, 16): r'',
+        (16, 24): r'\large',
+        (24, float('inf')): r'\huge',
+    }
+    result = None
+    for r in list(d.keys()):
+        if r[0] <= size < r[1]:
+            result = d[r]
+            break
+    return result
+
+
+def font_size_word_to_lily_command(size):
+    font_size_dict = {
+        "xx-small": '\\teeny',
+        "x-small": '\\tiny',
+        "small": '\\small',
+        "medium": '',
+        "large": '\\large',
+        "x-large": '\\huge',
+        "xx-large": '\\larger\\huge'
+    }
+    return font_size_dict.get(size, '')
+
+
+def get_font_size(size):
+    try:
+        size = float(size)
+        return font_size_number_to_lily_command(size)
+    except ValueError:
+        return font_size_word_to_lily_command(size)
+
+
+def musicxml_words_to_lily_event(words):
+    event = musicexp.TextEvent()
+    text = words.get_text()
+    # remove white spaces and line breaks before text
+    text = re.sub('^ *\n? *', '', text)
+    # remove white spaces and line breaks before text
+    text = re.sub(' *\n? *$', '', text)
+    event.text = text
+
+    if hasattr(words, 'default-y') and hasattr(options, 'convert_directions') and options.convert_directions:
+        offset = getattr(words, 'default-y')
+        try:
+            off = int(offset)
+            if off > 0:
+                event.force_direction = 1
+            else:
+                event.force_direction = -1
+        except ValueError:
+            event.force_direction = 0
+
+    if hasattr(words, 'font-weight'):
+        font_weight = {"normal": '', "bold": '\\bold'}.get(
+            getattr(words, 'font-weight'), '')
+        if font_weight:
+            event.markup += font_weight
+
+    if hasattr(words, 'font-size'):
+        size = getattr(words, 'font-size')
+        # font_size = font_size_dict.get(size, '')
+        font_size = get_font_size(size)
+        if font_size:
+            event.markup += font_size
+
+    if hasattr(words, 'color'):
+        color = getattr(words, 'color')
+        rgb = hex_to_color(color)
+        if rgb:
+            event.markup += "\\with-color #(rgb-color %s %s %s)" % (
+                rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2])
+
+    if hasattr(words, 'font-style'):
+        font_style = {"italic": '\\italic'}.get(
+            getattr(words, 'font-style'), '')
+        if font_style:
+            event.markup += font_style
+
+    # TODO: How should I best convert the font-family attribute?
+
+    # TODO: How can I represent the underline, overline and line-through
+    #       attributes in LilyPond? Values of these attributes indicate
+    #       the number of lines
+
+    return event
+
+
+# convert accordion-registration to lilypond.
+# Since lilypond does not have any built-in commands, we need to create
+# the markup commands manually and define our own variables.
+# Idea was taken from: http://lsr.dsi.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=194
+def musicxml_accordion_to_markup(mxl_event):
+    commandname = "accReg"
+    command = ""
+
+    high = mxl_event.get_maybe_exist_named_child('accordion-high')
+    if high:
+        commandname += "H"
+        command += """\\combine
+          \\raise #2.5 \\musicglyph #\"accordion.dot\"
+          """
+    middle = mxl_event.get_maybe_exist_named_child('accordion-middle')
+    if middle:
+        # By default, use one dot (when no or invalid content is given). The
+        # MusicXML spec is quiet about this case...
+        txt = 1
+        try:
+            txt = int(middle.get_text())
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        if txt == 3:
+            commandname += "MMM"
+            command += r"""\combine
+          \raise #1.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          \combine
+          \raise #1.5 \translate #(cons 1 0) \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          \combine
+          \raise #1.5 \translate #(cons -1 0) \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          """
+        elif txt == 2:
+            commandname += "MM"
+            command += r"""\combine
+          \raise #1.5 \translate #(cons 0.5 0) \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          \combine
+          \raise #1.5 \translate #(cons -0.5 0) \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          """
+        elif not txt <= 0:
+            commandname += "M"
+            command += r"""\combine
+          \raise #1.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          """
+    low = mxl_event.get_maybe_exist_named_child('accordion-low')
+    if low:
+        commandname += "L"
+        command += r"""\combine
+          \raise #0.5 \musicglyph #"accordion.dot"
+          """
+
+    command += r'\musicglyph #"accordion.discant"'
+    command = r"\markup { \normalsize %s }" % command
+    # Define the newly built command \accReg[H][MMM][L]
+    additional_definitions[commandname] = "%s = %s" % (commandname, command)
+    needed_additional_definitions.append(commandname)
+    return "\\%s" % commandname
+
+
+def musicxml_accordion_to_ly(mxl_event):
+    txt = musicxml_accordion_to_markup(mxl_event)
+    if txt:
+        ev = musicexp.MarkEvent(txt)
+        return ev
+    return
+
+
+def musicxml_rehearsal_to_ly_mark(mxl_event):
+    text = mxl_event.get_text()
+    if not text:
+        return
+    # default is boxed rehearsal marks!
+    encl = "box"
+    if hasattr(mxl_event, 'enclosure'):
+        encl = {"none": None, "square": "box", "circle": "circle"}.get(
+            mxl_event.enclosure, None)
+    if encl:
+        text = "\\%s { %s }" % (encl, text)
+    ev = musicexp.MarkEvent("\\markup { %s }" % text)
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_harp_pedals_to_ly(mxl_event):
+    count = 0
+    result = "\\harp-pedal #\""
+    for t in mxl_event.get_named_children('pedal-tuning'):
+        alter = t.get_named_child('pedal-alter')
+        if alter:
+            val = int(alter.get_text().strip())
+            result += {1: "v", 0: "-", -1: "^"}.get(val, "")
+        count += 1
+        if count == 3:
+            result += "|"
+    ev = musicexp.MarkupEvent()
+    ev.contents = result + "\""
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_eyeglasses_to_ly(mxl_event):
+    needed_additional_definitions.append("eyeglasses")
+    return musicexp.MarkEvent("\\markup { \\eyeglasses }")
+
+
+def next_non_hash_index(lst, pos):
+    pos += 1
+    while pos < len(lst) and isinstance(lst[pos], musicxml.Hash_text):
+        pos += 1
+    return pos
+
+
+def musicxml_metronome_to_ly(mxl_event, text_event=None):
+    children = mxl_event.get_all_children()
+    if not children:
+        return
+
+    index = -1
+    index = next_non_hash_index(children, index)
+    if isinstance(children[index], musicxml.BeatUnit):
+        # first form of metronome-mark, using unit and beats/min or other unit
+        ev = musicexp.TempoMark()
+        if text_event:
+            ev.set_text(text_event.get_text().strip())
+
+        if hasattr(mxl_event, 'parentheses'):
+            ev.set_parentheses(mxl_event.parentheses == "yes")
+
+        d = musicexp.Duration()
+        d.duration_log = utilities.musicxml_duration_to_log(
+            children[index].get_text())
+        index = next_non_hash_index(children, index)
+        if isinstance(children[index], musicxml.BeatUnitDot):
+            d.dots = 1
+            index = next_non_hash_index(children, index)
+        ev.set_base_duration(d)
+        if isinstance(children[index], musicxml.BeatUnit):
+            # Form "note = newnote"
+            newd = musicexp.Duration()
+            newd.duration_log = utilities.musicxml_duration_to_log(
+                children[index].get_text())
+            index = next_non_hash_index(children, index)
+            if isinstance(children[index], musicxml.BeatUnitDot):
+                newd.dots = 1
+                index = next_non_hash_index(children, index)
+            ev.set_new_duration(newd)
+        elif isinstance(children[index], musicxml.PerMinute):
+            # Form "note = bpm"
+            try:
+                beats = int(children[index].get_text())
+                ev.set_beats_per_minute(beats)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            ly.warning(_("Unknown metronome mark, ignoring"))
+            return
+        return ev
+    else:
+        # TODO: Implement the other (more complex) way for tempo marks!
+        ly.warning(
+            _("Metronome marks with complex relations (<metronome-note> in MusicXML) are not yet implemented."))
+        return
+
+
+# translate directions into Events, possible values:
+#   -) string  (MarkEvent with that command)
+#   -) function (function(mxl_event) needs to return a full Event-derived object
+#   -) (class, name)  (like string, only that a different class than MarkEvent is used)
+directions_dict = {
+    'accordion-registration': musicxml_accordion_to_ly,
+    'coda': (musicexp.MusicGlyphMarkEvent, "coda"),
+    #     'damp' : ???
+    #     'damp-all' : ???
+    'eyeglasses': musicxml_eyeglasses_to_ly,
+    'harp-pedals': musicxml_harp_pedals_to_ly,
+    #     'image' : ???
+    'metronome': musicxml_metronome_to_ly,
+    'rehearsal': musicxml_rehearsal_to_ly_mark,
+    #     'scordatura' : ???
+    'segno': (musicexp.MusicGlyphMarkEvent, "segno"),
+    'words': musicxml_words_to_lily_event,
+}
+directions_spanners = ['octave-shift', 'pedal', 'wedge', 'dashes', 'bracket']
+
+
+def musicxml_direction_to_lily(n):
+    # TODO: Handle the <staff> element!
+    res = []
+    # placement applies to all children!
+    dir = None
+    if hasattr(n, 'placement') and hasattr(options, 'convert_directions') and options.convert_directions:
+        dir = musicxml_direction_to_indicator(n.placement)
+    dirtype_children = []
+    # TODO: The direction-type is used for grouping (e.g. dynamics with text),
+    #       so we can't simply flatten them out!
+    for dt in n.get_typed_children(musicxml.DirType):
+        dirtype_children += dt.get_all_children()
+
+    dirtype_children = [d for d in dirtype_children if d.get_name() != "#text"]
+
+    for i, entry in enumerate(dirtype_children):
+        if not entry:
+            continue
+
+        # brackets, dashes, octave shifts. pedal marks, hairpins etc. are spanners:
+        if entry.get_name() in directions_spanners:
+            event = musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(entry)
+            if event:
+                event.force_direction = dir
+                res.append(event)
+            continue
+
+        # handle text+bpm marks like "Allegro moderato (♩ = 144)"
+        if entry.get_name() == 'words' and i < len(dirtype_children) - 1:
+            next_entry = dirtype_children[i+1]
+            if next_entry.get_name() == 'metronome':
+                event = musicxml_metronome_to_ly(next_entry, entry)
+                if event:
+                    res.append(event)
+                    dirtype_children[i+1] = None
+                    continue
+
+        # now treat all the "simple" ones, that can be translated using the dict
+        ev = None
+        tmp_tp = directions_dict.get(entry.get_name(), None)
+        if isinstance(tmp_tp, str):  # string means MarkEvent
+            ev = musicexp.MarkEvent(tmp_tp)
+        elif isinstance(tmp_tp, tuple):  # tuple means (EventClass, "text")
+            ev = tmp_tp[0](tmp_tp[1])
+        elif tmp_tp:
+            ev = tmp_tp(entry)
+        if ev:
+            # TODO: set the correct direction! Unfortunately, \mark in ly does
+            #       not seem to support directions!
+            ev.force_direction = dir
+            res.append(ev)
+            continue
+
+        if entry.get_name() == "dynamics":
+            for dynentry in entry.get_all_children():
+                ev = musicxml_dynamics_to_lily_event(dynentry)
+                if ev:
+                    ev.force_direction = dir
+                    res.append(ev)
+
+    return res
+
+
+notehead_styles_dict = {
+    'slash': '\'slash',
+    'triangle': '\'triangle',
+    'diamond': '\'diamond',
+    'square': '\'la',  # TODO: Proper squared note head
+    'cross': None,  # TODO: + shaped note head
+    'x': '\'cross',
+    'circle-x': '\'xcircle',
+    'inverted triangle': None,  # TODO: Implement
+    'arrow down': None,  # TODO: Implement
+    'arrow up': None,  # TODO: Implement
+    'slashed': None,  # TODO: Implement
+    'back slashed': None,  # TODO: Implement
+    'normal': None,
+    'cluster': None,  # TODO: Implement
+    'none': '#f',
+    'do': '\'do',
+    're': '\'re',
+    'mi': '\'mi',
+    'fa': '\'fa',
+    'so': None,
+    'la': '\'la',
+    'ti': '\'ti',
+}
+
+
+def musicxml_chordpitch_to_lily(mxl_cpitch):
+    r = musicexp.ChordPitch()
+    r.alteration = mxl_cpitch.get_alteration()
+    r.step = musicxml2ly_conversion.musicxml_step_to_lily(
+        mxl_cpitch.get_step())
+    return r
+
+
+chordkind_dict = {
+    'major': ':5',
+    'minor': ':m5',
+    'augmented': ':aug5',
+    'diminished': ':dim5',
+    # Sevenths:
+    'dominant': ':7',
+    'dominant-seventh': ':7',
+    'major-seventh': ':maj7',
+    'minor-seventh': ':m7',
+    'diminished-seventh': ':dim7',
+    'augmented-seventh': ':aug7',
+    'half-diminished': ':dim5m7',
+    'major-minor': ':maj7m5',
+    # Sixths:
+    'major-sixth': ':6',
+    'minor-sixth': ':m6',
+    # Ninths:
+    'dominant-ninth': ':9',
+    'major-ninth': ':maj9',
+    'minor-ninth': ':m9',
+    # 11ths (usually as the basis for alteration):
+    'dominant-11th': ':11',
+    'major-11th': ':maj11',
+    'minor-11th': ':m11',
+    # 13ths (usually as the basis for alteration):
+    'dominant-13th': ':13.11',
+    'major-13th': ':maj13.11',
+    'minor-13th': ':m13',
+    # Suspended:
+    'suspended-second': ':sus2',
+    'suspended-fourth': ':sus4',
+    # Functional sixths:
+    # TODO
+    # 'Neapolitan': '???',
+    # 'Italian': '???',
+    # 'French': '???',
+    # 'German': '???',
+    # Other:
+    # 'pedal': '???',(pedal-point bass)
+    'power': ':1.5',
+    # 'Tristan': '???',
+    'other': ':1',
+    'none': None,
+}
+
+
+def musicxml_chordkind_to_lily(kind):
+    res = chordkind_dict.get(kind, None)
+    # Check for None, since a major chord is converted to ''
+    if res is None:
+        ly.warning(_("Unable to convert chord type %s to lilypond.") % kind)
+    return res
+
+
+# Global variable for guitar string tunings
+string_tunings = None
+
+
+def musicxml_get_string_tunings(lines):
+    global string_tunings
+    if string_tunings is None:
+        if not lines:
+            lines = 6
+        string_tunings = [musicexp.Pitch()] * lines
+        for i in range(0, lines):
+            p = musicexp.Pitch()
+            p.step = musicxml2ly_conversion.musicxml_step_to_lily(
+                ((("E", "A", "D", "G", "B")*(lines/5+1))[0:lines])[i])
+            p.octave = (([-2+int(x % 5 > 1)+2*(x/5)
+                          for x in range(0, lines)][0:lines])[i])
+            p.alteration = 0
+            p._force_absolute_pitch = True
+            string_tunings[i] = p
+        string_tunings = string_tunings[::-1]
+    return string_tunings[0:lines]
+
+
+def musicxml_frame_to_lily_event(frame):
+    ev = musicexp.FretEvent()
+    ev.strings = frame.get_strings()
+    ev.frets = frame.get_frets()
+    #offset = frame.get_first_fret() - 1
+    #offset = frame.get_first_fret()
+    barre = []
+    open_strings = list(range(1, ev.strings+1))
+    for fn in frame.get_named_children('frame-note'):
+        fret = fn.get_fret()
+        if fret <= 0:
+            fret = "o"
+        el = [fn.get_string(), fret]
+        fingering = fn.get_fingering()
+        if fingering >= 0:
+            el.append(fingering)
+        ev.elements.append(el)
+        open_strings.remove(fn.get_string())
+        b = fn.get_barre()
+        if b == 'start':
+            barre.append(el[0])  # start string
+            barre.append(el[1])  # fret
+        elif b == 'stop':
+            barre.insert(1, el[0])  # end string
+    for string in open_strings:
+        ev.elements.append([string, 'x'])
+    ev.elements.sort()
+    ev.elements.reverse()
+    if barre:
+        ev.barre = barre
+    return ev
+
+
+def musicxml_harmony_to_lily(n):
+    res = []
+    for f in n.get_named_children('frame'):
+        ev = musicxml_frame_to_lily_event(f)
+        if ev:
+            res.append(ev)
+    return res
+
+
+def musicxml_harmony_to_lily_fretboards(n):
+    res = []
+    frame = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('frame')
+    if frame:
+        strings = frame.get_strings()
+        if not strings:
+            strings = 6
+        tunings = musicxml_get_string_tunings(strings)
+        ev = musicexp.FretBoardEvent()
+        #barre = []
+        for fn in frame.get_named_children('frame-note'):
+            fbn = musicexp.FretBoardNote()
+            string = fn.get_string()
+            fbn.string = string
+            fingering = fn.get_fingering()
+            if fingering >= 0:
+                fbn.fingering = fingering
+            p = tunings[string-1].copy()
+            p.add_semitones(fn.get_fret())
+            fbn.pitch = p
+            ev.append(fbn)
+        res.append(ev)
+    return res
+
+
+def musicxml_harmony_to_lily_chordname(n):
+    res = []
+    root = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('root')
+    if root:
+        ev = musicexp.ChordNameEvent()
+        ev.root = musicxml_chordpitch_to_lily(root)
+        kind = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('kind')
+        if kind:
+            ev.kind = musicxml_chordkind_to_lily(kind.get_text())
+            if not ev.kind:
+                return res
+        bass = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('bass')
+        if bass:
+            ev.bass = musicxml_chordpitch_to_lily(bass)
+        inversion = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('inversion')
+        if inversion:
+            # TODO: LilyPond does not support inversions, does it?
+
+            # Mail from Carl Sorensen on lilypond-devel, June 11, 2008:
+            # 4. LilyPond supports the first inversion in the form of added
+            # bass notes.  So the first inversion of C major would be c:/g.
+            # To get the second inversion of C major, you would need to do
+            # e:6-3-^5 or e:m6-^5.  However, both of these techniques
+            # require you to know the chord and calculate either the fifth
+            # pitch (for the first inversion) or the third pitch (for the
+            # second inversion) so they may not be helpful for musicxml2ly.
+            inversion_count = int(inversion.get_text())
+            if inversion_count == 1:
+                # TODO: Calculate the bass note for the inversion...
+                pass
+            pass
+        for deg in n.get_named_children('degree'):
+            d = musicexp.ChordModification()
+            d.type = deg.get_type()
+            d.step = deg.get_value()
+            d.alteration = deg.get_alter()
+            ev.add_modification(d)
+        # TODO: convert the user-symbols attribute:
+            # major: a triangle, like Unicode 25B3
+            # minor: -, like Unicode 002D
+            # augmented: +, like Unicode 002B
+            # diminished: (degree), like Unicode 00B0
+            # half-diminished: (o with slash), like Unicode 00F8
+        if ev and ev.root:
+            res.append(ev)
+    return res
+
+
+def musicxml_figured_bass_note_to_lily(n):
+    res = musicexp.FiguredBassNote()
+    suffix_dict = {'sharp': "+",
+                   'flat': "-",
+                   'natural': "!",
+                   'double-sharp': "++",
+                   'flat-flat': "--",
+                   'sharp-sharp': "++",
+                   'slash': "/"}
+    prefix = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('prefix')
+    if prefix:
+        res.set_prefix(suffix_dict.get(prefix.get_text(), ""))
+    fnumber = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('figure-number')
+    if fnumber:
+        res.set_number(fnumber.get_text())
+    suffix = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('suffix')
+    if suffix:
+        res.set_suffix(suffix_dict.get(suffix.get_text(), ""))
+    if n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('extend'):
+        # TODO: Implement extender lines (unfortunately, in lilypond you have
+        #       to use \set useBassFigureExtenders = ##t, which turns them on
+        #       globally, while MusicXML has a property for each note...
+        #       I'm not sure there is a proper way to implement this cleanly
+        # n.extend
+        pass
+    return res
+
+
+def musicxml_figured_bass_to_lily(n):
+    if not isinstance(n, musicxml.FiguredBass):
+        return
+    res = musicexp.FiguredBassEvent()
+    for i in n.get_named_children('figure'):
+        note = musicxml_figured_bass_note_to_lily(i)
+        if note:
+            res.append(note)
+    dur = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('duration')
+    if dur:
+        # apply the duration to res
+        length = Fraction(int(dur.get_text()), n._divisions) * Fraction(1, 4)
+        res.set_real_duration(length)
+        duration = musicxml2ly_conversion.rational_to_lily_duration(length)
+        if duration:
+            res.set_duration(duration)
+    if hasattr(n, 'parentheses') and n.parentheses == "yes":
+        res.set_parentheses(True)
+    return res
+
+
+def musicxml_lyrics_to_text(lyrics, ignoremelismata):
+    # TODO: Implement text styles for lyrics syllables
+    continued = False
+    extended = False
+    text = ''
+    for e in lyrics.get_all_children():
+        if isinstance(e, musicxml.Syllabic):
+            continued = e.continued()
+        elif isinstance(e, musicxml.Text):
+            # We need to convert soft hyphens to -, otherwise the ascii codec as well
+            # as lilypond will barf on that character
+            text += e.get_text().replace('\xad', '-')
+        elif isinstance(e, musicxml.Elision):
+            if text:
+                text += " "
+            continued = False
+            extended = False
+        elif isinstance(e, musicxml.Extend):
+            if text:
+                text += " "
+            extended = True
+
+    if text == "-" and continued:
+        return "--"
+    elif text == "_" and extended:
+        return "__"
+    elif continued and text:
+        if hasattr(options, 'convert_beaming') and options.convert_beaming:
+            if ignoremelismata == "on":
+                return r" \set ignoreMelismata = ##t " + utilities.escape_ly_output_string(text)
+            elif ignoremelismata == "off":
+                return " " + utilities.escape_ly_output_string(text) + " -- \\unset ignoreMelismata"
+            else:
+                return " " + utilities.escape_ly_output_string(text) + " --"
+        else:
+            return " " + utilities.escape_ly_output_string(text) + " -- "
+    elif continued:
+        return "--"
+    elif extended and text:
+        return " " + utilities.escape_ly_output_string(text) + " __"
+    elif extended:
+        return "__"
+    elif text:
+        return " " + utilities.escape_ly_output_string(text)
+    else:
+        return ""
+
+# TODO
+
+
+class NegativeSkip:
+    def __init__(self, here, dest):
+        self.here = here
+        self.dest = dest
+
+
+class LilyPondVoiceBuilder:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.elements = []
+        self.pending_dynamics = []
+        self.end_moment = Fraction(0)
+        self.begin_moment = Fraction(0)
+        self.pending_multibar = Fraction(0)
+        self.ignore_skips = False
+        self.has_relevant_elements = False
+        self.measure_length = Fraction(4, 4)
+        self.stay_here = False
+
+    def _insert_multibar(self):
+        layout_information.set_context_item('Score', 'skipBars = ##t')
+        r = musicexp.MultiMeasureRest()
+        lenfrac = self.measure_length
+        r.duration = musicxml2ly_conversion.rational_to_lily_duration(lenfrac)
+        r.duration.factor *= self.pending_multibar / lenfrac
+        self.elements.append(r)
+        self.begin_moment = self.end_moment
+        self.end_moment = self.begin_moment + self.pending_multibar
+        self.pending_multibar = Fraction(0)
+
+    def set_measure_length(self, mlen):
+        if (mlen != self.measure_length) and self.pending_multibar:
+            self._insert_multibar()
+        self.measure_length = mlen
+
+    def add_multibar_rest(self, duration):
+        self.pending_multibar += duration
+
+    def set_duration(self, duration):
+        self.end_moment = self.begin_moment + duration
+
+    def current_duration(self):
+        return self.end_moment - self.begin_moment
+
+    def add_pending_dynamics(self):
+        for d in self.pending_dynamics:
+            self.elements.append(d)
+        self.pending_dynamics = []
+
+    def add_music(self, music, duration, relevant=True):
+        assert isinstance(music, musicexp.Music)
+        if self.pending_multibar > Fraction(0):
+            self._insert_multibar()
+
+        self.has_relevant_elements = self.has_relevant_elements or relevant
+
+        if isinstance(music, musicexp.BarLine):
+            if self.pending_dynamics:
+                for d in self.pending_dynamics:
+                    if not isinstance(d, (musicexp.SpanEvent, musicexp.DynamicsEvent)):
+                        index = self.pending_dynamics.index(d)
+                        dyn = self.pending_dynamics.pop(index)
+                        self.elements.append(dyn)
+
+        self.elements.append(music)
+        self.begin_moment = self.end_moment
+        self.set_duration(duration)
+
+        # Insert all pending dynamics right after the note/rest:
+        if isinstance(music, musicexp.ChordEvent) and self.pending_dynamics:
+            self.add_pending_dynamics()
+
+    # Insert some music command that does not affect the position in the measure
+    def add_command(self, command, relevant=True):
+        assert isinstance(command, musicexp.Music)
+        if self.pending_multibar > Fraction(0):
+            self._insert_multibar()
+        self.has_relevant_elements = self.has_relevant_elements or relevant
+        self.elements.append(command)
+
+    def add_barline(self, barline, relevant=False):
+        # Insert only if we don't have a barline already
+        # TODO: Implement proper merging of default barline and custom bar line
+        has_relevant = self.has_relevant_elements
+        if (not (self.elements) or
+            not (isinstance(self.elements[-1], musicexp.BarLine)) or
+                (self.pending_multibar > Fraction(0))):
+
+            self.add_music(barline, Fraction(0))
+
+        self.has_relevant_elements = has_relevant or relevant
+
+    def add_partial(self, command):
+        self.ignore_skips = True
+        # insert the partial, but restore relevant_elements (partial is not relevant)
+        relevant = self.has_relevant_elements
+        self.add_command(command)
+        self.has_relevant_elements = relevant
+
+    def add_dynamics(self, dynamic):
+        # store the dynamic item(s) until we encounter the next note/rest:
+        self.pending_dynamics.append(dynamic)
+
+    def add_bar_check(self, number):
+        # re/store has_relevant_elements, so that a barline alone does not
+        # trigger output for figured bass, chord names
+        b = musicexp.BarLine()
+        b.bar_number = number
+        self.add_barline(b)
+
+    def jumpto(self, moment):
+        if not self.stay_here:
+            current_end = self.end_moment + self.pending_multibar
+            diff = moment - current_end
+
+            if diff < Fraction(0):
+                ly.warning(_('Negative skip %s (from position %s to %s)') %
+                            (diff, current_end, moment))
+                diff = Fraction(0)
+
+            if diff > Fraction(0) and not(self.ignore_skips and moment == 0):
+                skip = musicexp.SkipEvent()
+                duration_factor = 1
+                duration_log = {1: 0, 2: 1, 4: 2, 8: 3, 16: 4, 32: 5,
+                                64: 6, 128: 7, 256: 8, 512: 9}.get(diff.denominator, -1)
+                duration_dots = 0
+                # TODO: Use the time signature for skips, too. Problem: The skip
+                #       might not start at a measure boundary!
+                if duration_log > 0:  # denominator is a power of 2...
+                    if diff.numerator == 3:
+                        duration_log -= 1
+                        duration_dots = 1
+                    else:
+                        duration_factor = Fraction(diff.numerator)
+                else:
+                    # for skips of a whole or more, simply use s1*factor
+                    duration_log = 0
+                    duration_factor = diff
+                skip.duration.duration_log = duration_log
+                skip.duration.factor = duration_factor
+                skip.duration.dots = duration_dots
+
+                evc = musicexp.ChordEvent()
+                evc.elements.append(skip)
+                self.add_music(evc, diff, False)
+
+            if diff > Fraction(0) and moment == 0:
+                self.ignore_skips = False
+
+    def last_event_chord(self, starting_at):
+        value = None
+
+        # if the position matches, find the last ChordEvent, do not cross a bar line!
+        at = len(self.elements) - 1
+        while (at >= 0 and
+               not isinstance(self.elements[at], musicexp.ChordEvent) and
+               not isinstance(self.elements[at], musicexp.BarLine)):
+            at -= 1
+
+        if (self.elements
+            and at >= 0
+            and isinstance(self.elements[at], musicexp.ChordEvent)
+                and self.begin_moment == starting_at):
+            value = self.elements[at]
+        else:
+            self.jumpto(starting_at)
+            value = None
+        return value
+
+    def correct_negative_skip(self, goto):
+        self.end_moment = goto
+        self.begin_moment = goto
+        evc = musicexp.ChordEvent()
+        self.elements.append(evc)
+
+
+class VoiceData:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.voicename = None
+        self.voicedata = None
+        self.ly_voice = None
+        self.figured_bass = None
+        self.chordnames = None
+        self.fretboards = None
+        self.lyrics_dict = {}
+        self.lyrics_order = []
+
+
+def measure_length_from_attributes(attr, current_measure_length):
+    len = attr.get_measure_length()
+    if not len:
+        len = current_measure_length
+    return len
+
+
+def music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name):
+    s = "Part%sVoice%s" % (part_id, name)
+    return musicxml_id_to_lily(s)
+
+
+def music_xml_lyrics_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name, lyricsnr):
+    s = music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(
+        part_id, name)+("Lyrics%s" % lyricsnr)
+    return musicxml_id_to_lily(s)
+
+
+def music_xml_figuredbass_name_to_lily_name(part_id, voicename):
+    s = music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(part_id, voicename)+"FiguredBass"
+    return musicxml_id_to_lily(s)
+
+
+def music_xml_chordnames_name_to_lily_name(part_id, voicename):
+    s = music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(part_id, voicename)+"Chords"
+    return musicxml_id_to_lily(s)
+
+
+def music_xml_fretboards_name_to_lily_name(part_id, voicename):
+    s = music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(part_id, voicename)+"FretBoards"
+    return musicxml_id_to_lily(s)
+
+
+def get_all_lyric_parts_in_voice(voice):
+    r'''
+    Collect the indexes of all lyric parts in this voice.
+    In case not all of the current lyric parts are active (a typical case would be
+    a refrain/chorus), the current implementation inserts \skip-commands in the
+    inactive parts to keep them in sync.
+    '''
+    all_lyric_parts = []
+    for elem in voice._elements:
+        lyrics = elem.get_typed_children(musicxml.Lyric)
+        if lyrics:
+            for lyric in lyrics:
+                index = lyric.get_number()
+                if not index in all_lyric_parts:
+                    all_lyric_parts.append(index)
+    return all_lyric_parts
+
+
+def extract_lyrics(voice, lyric_key, lyrics_dict):
+    curr_number = None
+    result = []
+
+    def is_note(elem):
+        return isinstance(elem, musicxml.Note)
+
+    def is_rest(elem):
+        return elem.get_typed_children(musicxml.Rest)
+
+    def is_chord(elem):
+        return elem.get_typed_children(musicxml.Chord)
+
+    def is_note_and_not_rest(elem):
+        return is_note(elem) and not is_rest(elem)
+
+    def get_lyric_elements(note):
+        return note.get_typed_children(musicxml.Lyric)
+
+    def has_lyric_belonging_to_lyric_part(note, lyric_part_id):
+        lyric_elements = get_lyric_elements(note)
+        lyric_numbers = [lyric.get_number() for lyric in lyric_elements]
+        return any([lyric_number == lyric_part_id for lyric_number in lyric_numbers])
+
+    for idx, elem in enumerate(voice._elements):
+        lyrics = get_lyric_elements(elem)
+        lyric_keys = [lyric.get_number() for lyric in lyrics]
+        note_has_lyric_belonging_to_lyric_part = lyric_key in lyric_keys
+        # Current note has lyric with 'number' matching 'lyric_key'.
+        if note_has_lyric_belonging_to_lyric_part:
+            for lyric in lyrics:
+                if lyric.get_number() == lyric_key:
+                    text = musicxml_lyrics_to_text(lyric, None)
+                    result.append(text)
+        # Note has any lyric.
+        elif get_lyric_elements(elem) and \
+                not note_has_lyric_belonging_to_lyric_part:
+            result.append(r'\skip1 ')
+        # Note does not have any lyric attached to it.
+        elif is_chord(elem):
+            # note without lyrics part of a chord. MusicXML format is
+            # unclear if a chord element could contain a lyric, lets
+            # asume that we do not want to put a skip here.
+            continue
+        elif is_note_and_not_rest(elem):
+            result.append(r'\skip1 ')
+
+    lyrics_dict[lyric_key].extend(result)
+
+
+def musicxml_voice_to_lily_voice(voice):
+    tuplet_events = []
+    lyrics = {}
+    return_value = VoiceData()
+    return_value.voicedata = voice
+
+    # First pitch needed for relative mode (if selected in command-line options)
+    first_pitch = None
+
+    # Needed for melismata detection (ignore lyrics on those notes!):
+    inside_slur = False
+    is_tied = False
+    is_chord = False
+    is_beamed = False
+    ignore_lyrics = False
+
+    current_staff = None
+
+    pending_figured_bass = []
+    pending_chordnames = []
+    pending_fretboards = []
+
+    # Make sure that the keys in the dict don't get reordered, since
+    # we need the correct ordering of the lyrics stanzas! By default,
+    # a dict will reorder its keys
+    return_value.lyrics_order = voice.get_lyrics_numbers()
+    for k in return_value.lyrics_order:
+        lyrics[k] = []
+
+    voice_builder = LilyPondVoiceBuilder()
+    figured_bass_builder = LilyPondVoiceBuilder()
+    chordnames_builder = LilyPondVoiceBuilder()
+    fretboards_builder = LilyPondVoiceBuilder()
+    current_measure_length = Fraction(4, 4)
+    voice_builder.set_measure_length(current_measure_length)
+    in_slur = False
+
+    all_lyric_parts = set(get_all_lyric_parts_in_voice(voice))
+    if list(lyrics.keys()):
+        for number in list(lyrics.keys()):
+            extracted_lyrics = extract_lyrics(voice, number, lyrics)
+
+    last_bar_check = -1
+    for idx, n in enumerate(voice._elements):
+        tie_started = False
+        if n.get_name() == 'forward':
+            continue
+        staff = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('staff')
+        if staff:
+            staff = staff.get_text()
+            if current_staff and staff != current_staff and not n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('chord'):
+                voice_builder.add_command(musicexp.StaffChange(staff))
+            current_staff = staff
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.Partial) and n.partial > 0:
+            a = musicxml_partial_to_lily(n.partial)
+            if a:
+                voice_builder.add_partial(a)
+                figured_bass_builder.add_partial(a)
+                chordnames_builder.add_partial(a)
+                fretboards_builder.add_partial(a)
+            continue
+
+        is_chord = n.get_maybe_exist_named_child('chord')
+        is_after_grace = (isinstance(n, musicxml.Note) and n.is_after_grace())
+        if not is_chord and not is_after_grace:
+            try:
+                voice_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                figured_bass_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                chordnames_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                fretboards_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+            except NegativeSkip as neg:
+                voice_builder.correct_negative_skip(n._when)
+                figured_bass_builder.correct_negative_skip(n._when)
+                chordnames_builder.correct_negative_skip(n._when)
+                fretboards_builder.correct_negative_skip(n._when)
+                n.message(_("Negative skip found: from %s to %s, difference is %s") % (
+                    neg.here, neg.dest, neg.dest - neg.here))
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.Barline):
+            barlines = n.to_lily_object()
+            for a in barlines:
+                if isinstance(a, musicexp.BarLine):
+                    voice_builder.add_barline(a)
+                    figured_bass_builder.add_barline(a, False)
+                    chordnames_builder.add_barline(a, False)
+                    fretboards_builder.add_barline(a, False)
+                elif isinstance(a, musicxml2ly_conversion.RepeatMarker) or isinstance(a, musicxml2ly_conversion.EndingMarker):
+                    voice_builder.add_command(a)
+                    figured_bass_builder.add_barline(a, False)
+                    chordnames_builder.add_barline(a, False)
+                    fretboards_builder.add_barline(a, False)
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.Print):
+            for a in musicxml_print_to_lily(n):
+                voice_builder.add_command(a, False)
+            continue
+
+        # Continue any multimeasure-rests before trying to add bar checks!
+        # Don't handle new MM rests yet, because for them we want bar checks!
+        rest = n.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(musicxml.Rest)
+        if (rest and rest.is_whole_measure()
+                and voice_builder.pending_multibar > Fraction(0)):
+            voice_builder.add_multibar_rest(n._duration)
+            continue
+
+        # Print bar checks between measures.
+        if n._measure_position == Fraction(0) and n != voice._elements[0]:
+            try:
+                num = int(n.get_parent().number)
+            except ValueError:
+                num = 0
+            if num > 0 and num > last_bar_check:
+                voice_builder.add_bar_check(num)
+                figured_bass_builder.add_bar_check(num)
+                chordnames_builder.add_bar_check(num)
+                fretboards_builder.add_bar_check(num)
+                last_bar_check = num
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.Direction):
+            # check if Direction already has been converted in another voice.
+            if n.converted:
+                continue
+            else:
+                n.converted = True
+                for direction in musicxml_direction_to_lily(n):
+                    if direction.wait_for_note():
+                        voice_builder.add_dynamics(direction)
+                    else:
+                        voice_builder.add_command(direction)
+                continue
+
+        # Start any new multimeasure rests
+        if (rest and rest.is_whole_measure()):
+            if pending_chordnames:
+                chordnames_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                chordnames_builder.stay_here = True
+            if pending_figured_bass:
+                figured_bass_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                figured_bass_builder.stay_here = True
+            if pending_fretboards:
+                fretboards_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                fretboards_builder.stay_here = True
+            voice_builder.add_multibar_rest(n._duration)
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.Harmony):
+            if options.fretboards:
+                # Makes fretboard diagrams in a separate FretBoards voice
+                for a in musicxml_harmony_to_lily_fretboards(n):
+                    pending_fretboards.append(a)
+            else:
+                # Makes markup fretboard-diagrams inside the voice
+                for a in musicxml_harmony_to_lily(n):
+                    if a.wait_for_note():
+                        voice_builder.add_dynamics(a)
+                    else:
+                        voice_builder.add_command(a)
+            for a in musicxml_harmony_to_lily_chordname(n):
+                pending_chordnames.append(a)
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.FiguredBass):
+            a = musicxml_figured_bass_to_lily(n)
+            if a:
+                pending_figured_bass.append(a)
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(n, musicxml.Attributes):
+            for a in musicxml_attributes_to_lily(n):
+                voice_builder.add_command(a)
+            measure_length = measure_length_from_attributes(
+                n, current_measure_length)
+            if current_measure_length != measure_length:
+                current_measure_length = measure_length
+                voice_builder.set_measure_length(current_measure_length)
+            continue
+
+        if not n.__class__.__name__ == 'Note':
+            n.message(_('unexpected %s; expected %s or %s or %s') %
+                      (n, 'Note', 'Attributes', 'Barline'))
+            continue
+
+#        if not hasattr(conversion_settings, 'convert_rest_positions'):
+#            conversion_settings.convert_rest_positions = True
+
+        main_event = n.to_lily_object(
+            convert_stem_directions=conversion_settings.convert_stem_directions,
+            convert_rest_positions=conversion_settings.convert_rest_positions)
+
+        if main_event and not first_pitch:
+            first_pitch = main_event.pitch
+        # ignore lyrics for notes inside a slur, tie, chord or beam
+        ignore_lyrics = is_tied or is_chord  # or is_beamed or inside_slur
+
+        ev_chord = voice_builder.last_event_chord(n._when)
+        if not ev_chord:
+            ev_chord = musicexp.ChordEvent()
+            voice_builder.add_music(ev_chord, n._duration)
+
+        # For grace notes:
+        grace = n.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(musicxml.Grace)
+        if n.is_grace():
+            is_after_grace = ev_chord.has_elements() or n.is_after_grace()
+            is_chord = n.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(musicxml.Chord)
+
+            grace_chord = None
+
+            # after-graces and other graces use different lists; Depending on
+            # whether we have a chord or not, obtain either a new ChordEvent or
+            # the previous one to create a chord
+            if is_after_grace:
+                if ev_chord.after_grace_elements and n.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(musicxml.Chord):
+                    grace_chord = ev_chord.after_grace_elements.get_last_event_chord()
+                if not grace_chord:
+                    grace_chord = musicexp.ChordEvent()
+                    ev_chord.append_after_grace(grace_chord)
+            elif n.is_grace():
+                if ev_chord.grace_elements and n.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(musicxml.Chord):
+                    grace_chord = ev_chord.grace_elements.get_last_event_chord()
+                if not grace_chord:
+                    grace_chord = musicexp.ChordEvent()
+                    ev_chord.append_grace(grace_chord)
+
+            if hasattr(grace, 'slash') and not is_after_grace:
+                # TODO: use grace_type = "appoggiatura" for slurred grace notes
+                if grace.slash == "yes":
+                    ev_chord.grace_type = "acciaccatura"
+            # now that we have inserted the chord into the grace music, insert
+            # everything into that chord instead of the ev_chord
+            ev_chord = grace_chord
+            ev_chord.append(main_event)
+            ignore_lyrics = True
+        else:
+            ev_chord.append(main_event)
+            # When a note/chord has grace notes (duration==0), the duration of the
+            # event chord is not yet known, but the event chord was already added
+            # with duration 0. The following correct this when we hit the real note!
+            if voice_builder.current_duration() == 0 and n._duration > 0:
+                voice_builder.set_duration(n._duration)
+
+        # if we have a figured bass, set its voice builder to the correct position
+        # and insert the pending figures
+        if pending_figured_bass:
+            try:
+                figured_bass_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                if figured_bass_builder.stay_here:
+                    figured_bass_builder.stay_here = False
+            except NegativeSkip as neg:
+                pass
+            for fb in pending_figured_bass:
+                # if a duration is given, use that, otherwise the one of the note
+                dur = fb.real_duration
+                if not dur:
+                    dur = ev_chord.get_length()
+                if not fb.duration:
+                    fb.duration = ev_chord.get_duration()
+                figured_bass_builder.add_music(fb, dur)
+            pending_figured_bass = []
+
+        if pending_chordnames:
+            try:
+                chordnames_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                if chordnames_builder.stay_here:
+                    chordnames_builder.stay_here = False
+            except NegativeSkip as neg:
+                pass
+            for cn in pending_chordnames:
+                # Assign the duration of the EventChord
+                cn.duration = ev_chord.get_duration()
+                chordnames_builder.add_music(cn, ev_chord.get_length())
+            pending_chordnames = []
+
+        if pending_fretboards:
+            try:
+                fretboards_builder.jumpto(n._when)
+                if fretboards_builder.stay_here:
+                    fretboards_builder.stay_here = False
+            except NegativeSkip as neg:
+                pass
+            for fb in pending_fretboards:
+                # Assign the duration of the EventChord
+                fb.duration = ev_chord.get_duration()
+                fretboards_builder.add_music(fb, ev_chord.get_length())
+            pending_fretboards = []
+
+        notations_children = n.get_typed_children(musicxml.Notations)
+        tuplet_event = None
+        span_events = []
+
+        # The <notation> element can have the following children (+ means implemented, ~ partially, - not):
+        # +tied | +slur | +tuplet | glissando | slide |
+        #    ornaments | technical | articulations | dynamics |
+        #    +fermata | arpeggiate | non-arpeggiate |
+        #    accidental-mark | other-notation
+        for notations in notations_children:
+            for tuplet_event in notations.get_tuplets():
+                time_mod = n.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(
+                    musicxml.Time_modification)
+                tuplet_events.append((ev_chord, tuplet_event, time_mod))
+
+            # First, close all open slurs, only then start any new slur
+            # TODO: Record the number of the open slur to dtermine the correct
+            #       closing slur!
+            endslurs = [s for s in notations.get_named_children('slur')
+                        if s.get_type() in ('stop')]
+            if endslurs and not inside_slur:
+                endslurs[0].message(
+                    _('Encountered closing slur, but no slur is open'))
+            elif endslurs:
+                if len(endslurs) > 1:
+                    endslurs[0].message(
+                        _('Cannot have two simultaneous (closing) slurs'))
+                # record the slur status for the next note in the loop
+                inside_slur = False
+                lily_ev = musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(endslurs[0])
+                ev_chord.append(lily_ev)
+
+            startslurs = [s for s in notations.get_named_children('slur')
+                          if s.get_type() in ('start')]
+            if startslurs and inside_slur:
+                startslurs[0].message(
+                    _('Cannot have a slur inside another slur'))
+            elif startslurs:
+                if len(startslurs) > 1:
+                    startslurs[0].message(
+                        _('Cannot have two simultaneous slurs'))
+                # record the slur status for the next note in the loop
+                inside_slur = True
+                lily_ev = musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(startslurs[0])
+                ev_chord.append(lily_ev)
+
+            if not grace:
+                mxl_tie = notations.get_tie()
+                if mxl_tie and mxl_tie.type == 'start':
+                    ev_chord.append(musicexp.TieEvent())
+                    is_tied = True
+                    tie_started = True
+                else:
+                    is_tied = False
+
+            fermatas = notations.get_named_children('fermata')
+            for a in fermatas:
+                ev = musicxml_fermata_to_lily_event(a)
+                if ev:
+                    ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+            arpeggiate = notations.get_named_children('arpeggiate')
+            for a in arpeggiate:
+                ev = musicxml_arpeggiate_to_lily_event(a)
+                if ev:
+                    ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+            arpeggiate = notations.get_named_children('non-arpeggiate')
+            for a in arpeggiate:
+                ev = musicxml_nonarpeggiate_to_lily_event(a)
+                if ev:
+                    ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+            glissandos = notations.get_named_children('glissando')
+            glissandos += notations.get_named_children('slide')
+            for a in glissandos:
+                ev = musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(a)
+                if ev:
+                    ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+            # accidental-marks are direct children of <notation>!
+            for a in notations.get_named_children('accidental-mark'):
+                ev = musicxml_articulation_to_lily_event(a)
+                if ev:
+                    ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+            # Articulations can contain the following child elements:
+            #         accent | strong-accent | staccato | tenuto |
+            #         detached-legato | staccatissimo | spiccato |
+            #         scoop | plop | doit | falloff | breath-mark |
+            #         caesura | stress | unstress
+            # Technical can contain the following child elements:
+            #         up-bow | down-bow | harmonic | open-string |
+            #         thumb-position | fingering | pluck | double-tongue |
+            #         triple-tongue | stopped | snap-pizzicato | fret |
+            #         string | hammer-on | pull-off | bend | tap | heel |
+            #         toe | fingernails | other-technical
+            # Ornaments can contain the following child elements:
+            #         trill-mark | turn | delayed-turn | inverted-turn |
+            #         shake | wavy-line | mordent | inverted-mordent |
+            #         schleifer | tremolo | other-ornament, accidental-mark
+            ornaments = notations.get_named_children('ornaments')
+            ornaments += notations.get_named_children('articulations')
+            ornaments += notations.get_named_children('technical')
+
+            for a in ornaments:
+                for ch in a.get_all_children():
+                    ev = musicxml_articulation_to_lily_event(ch)
+                    if ev:
+                        ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+            dynamics = notations.get_named_children('dynamics')
+            for a in dynamics:
+                for ch in a.get_all_children():
+                    ev = musicxml_dynamics_to_lily_event(ch)
+                    if ev:
+                        ev_chord.append(ev)
+
+        mxl_beams = [b for b in n.get_named_children('beam')
+                     if (b.get_type() in ('begin', 'end')
+                         and b.is_primary())]
+        if mxl_beams and not conversion_settings.ignore_beaming:
+            beam_ev = musicxml_spanner_to_lily_event(mxl_beams[0])
+            if beam_ev:
+                ev_chord.append(beam_ev)
+                if beam_ev.span_direction == -1:  # beam and thus melisma starts here
+                    is_beamed = True
+                elif beam_ev.span_direction == 1:  # beam and thus melisma ends here
+                    is_beamed = False
+
+        # Assume that a <tie> element only lasts for one note.
+        # This might not be correct MusicXML interpretation, but works for
+        # most cases and fixes broken files, which have the end tag missing
+        if is_tied and not tie_started:
+            is_tied = False
+
+    # force trailing mm rests to be written out.
+    voice_builder.add_music (musicexp.ChordEvent(), Fraction(0))
+
+    if hasattr(options, 'shift_meter') and options.shift_meter:
+        for event in voice_builder.elements:
+            if isinstance(event, musicexp.TimeSignatureChange):
+                sd = []
+                for i in range(0, 5):
+                    sd.append(musicexp.ShiftDurations())
+                    sd[i].set_shift_durations_parameters(event)
+                break
+
+    ly_voice = group_tuplets(voice_builder.elements, tuplet_events)
+    ly_voice = group_repeats(ly_voice)
+
+    seq_music = musicexp.SequentialMusic()
+
+    seq_music.elements = ly_voice
+    for k in list(lyrics.keys()):
+        return_value.lyrics_dict[k] = musicexp.Lyrics()
+        return_value.lyrics_dict[k].lyrics_syllables = lyrics[k]
+
+    if hasattr(options, 'shift_meter') and options.shift_meter:
+        sd[-1].element = seq_music
+        seq_music = sd[-1]
+        sd.pop()
+
+    if hasattr(options, 'relative') and options.relative:
+        v = musicexp.RelativeMusic()
+        v.element = seq_music
+        v.basepitch = first_pitch
+        seq_music = v
+
+    return_value.ly_voice = seq_music
+
+    # create \figuremode { figured bass elements }
+    if figured_bass_builder.has_relevant_elements:
+        fbass_music = musicexp.SequentialMusic()
+        fbass_music.elements = group_repeats(figured_bass_builder.elements)
+        v = musicexp.ModeChangingMusicWrapper()
+        v.mode = 'figuremode'
+        v.element = fbass_music
+        if hasattr(options, 'shift_meter') and options.shift_meter:
+            sd[-1].element = v
+            v = sd[-1]
+            sd.pop()
+        return_value.figured_bass = v
+
+    # create \chordmode { chords }
+    if chordnames_builder.has_relevant_elements:
+        cname_music = musicexp.SequentialMusic()
+        cname_music.elements = group_repeats(chordnames_builder.elements)
+        v = musicexp.ModeChangingMusicWrapper()
+        v.mode = 'chordmode'
+        v.element = cname_music
+        if hasattr(options, 'shift_meter') and options.shift_meter:
+            sd[-1].element = v
+            v = sd[-1]
+            sd.pop()
+        return_value.chordnames = v
+
+    # create diagrams for FretBoards engraver
+    if fretboards_builder.has_relevant_elements:
+        fboard_music = musicexp.SequentialMusic()
+        fboard_music.elements = group_repeats(fretboards_builder.elements)
+        v = musicexp.MusicWrapper()
+        v.element = fboard_music
+        if hasattr(options, 'shift_meter') and options.shift_meter:
+            sd[-1].element = v
+            v = sd[-1]
+            sd.pop()
+        return_value.fretboards = v
+
+    # coll = []
+    # pending = []
+
+    # for elt in return_value.ly_voice.element.elements:
+    #     if isinstance(elt, musicexp.TimeScaledMusic):
+    #         print elt.element.elements
+    #         pending.append(elt)
+    #     else:
+    #         coll.append(elt)
+
+    # if pending:
+    #     coll.extend(pending)
+
+    # return_value.ly_voice.element.elements = coll
+
+    return return_value
+
+
+def musicxml_id_to_lily(id):
+    digits = ['Zero', 'One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four', 'Five',
+              'Six', 'Seven', 'Eight', 'Nine', 'Ten']
+
+    for digit in digits:
+        d = digits.index(digit)
+        id = re.sub('%d' % d, digit, id)
+
+    id = re.sub('[^a-zA-Z]', 'X', id)
+    return id
+
+
+def voices_in_part(part):
+    """Return a Name -> Voice dictionary for PART"""
+    part.interpret()
+    part.extract_voices()
+    voices = part.get_voices()
+    part_info = part.get_staff_attributes()
+
+    return (voices, part_info)
+
+
+def voices_in_part_in_parts(parts):
+    """return a Part -> Name -> Voice dictionary"""
+    # don't crash if Part doesn't have an id (that's invalid MusicXML,
+    # but such files are out in the wild!)
+    dictionary = {}
+    for p in parts:
+        voices = voices_in_part(p)
+        if hasattr(p, "id"):
+            dictionary[p.id] = voices
+        else:
+            # TODO: extract correct part id from other sources
+            dictionary[None] = voices
+    return dictionary
+
+
+def get_all_voices(parts):
+    all_voices = voices_in_part_in_parts(parts)
+
+    all_ly_voices = {}
+    all_ly_staffinfo = {}
+    for p, (name_voice, staff_info) in list(all_voices.items()):
+
+        part_ly_voices = OrderedDict()
+        for n, v in list(name_voice.items()):
+            ly.progress(_("Converting to LilyPond expressions..."), True)
+            # musicxml_voice_to_lily_voice returns (lily_voice, {nr->lyrics, nr->lyrics})
+            voice = musicxml_voice_to_lily_voice(v)
+            part_ly_voices[n] = voice
+
+        all_ly_voices[p] = part_ly_voices
+        all_ly_staffinfo[p] = staff_info
+
+    return (all_ly_voices, all_ly_staffinfo)
+
+
+def option_parser():
+    p = ly.get_option_parser(usage=_("musicxml2ly [OPTION]... FILE.xml"),
+                             description=_("""Convert MusicXML from FILE.xml to LilyPond input.
+If the given filename is -, musicxml2ly reads from the command line.
+"""), add_help_option=False)
+
+    p.add_option("-h", "--help",
+                 action="help",
+                 help=_("show this help and exit"))
+
+    p.version = ('%prog (LilyPond) ' + lilypond_version + '\n\n'
+                 +
+                 _("""Copyright (c) 2005--2023 by
+    Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>,
+    Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org> and
+    Reinhold Kainhofer <reinhold@kainhofer.com>
+    Patrick L. Schmidt <pls@philomelos.net>
+"""
+                   +
+                   """
+This program is free software.  It is covered by the GNU General Public
+License and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it
+under certain conditions.  Invoke as `%s --warranty' for more
+information.""") % 'lilypond')
+
+    p.add_option("--version",
+                 action="version",
+                 help=_("show version number and exit"))
+
+    p.add_option('-v', '--verbose',
+                 action="callback",
+                 callback=ly.handle_loglevel_option,
+                 callback_args=("DEBUG",),
+                 help=_("be verbose"))
+
+    p.add_option('', '--lxml',
+                 action="store_true",
+                 default=False,
+                 dest="use_lxml",
+                 help=_("use lxml.etree; uses less memory and cpu time"))
+
+    p.add_option('-z', '--compressed',
+                 action="store_true",
+                 dest='compressed',
+                 default=False,
+                 help=_("input file is a compressed MusicXML file "
+                        "(by default, activate if file extension is .mxl)"))
+
+    p.add_option('-r', '--relative',
+                 action="store_true",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="relative",
+                 help=_("convert pitches in relative mode (default)"))
+
+    p.add_option('-a', '--absolute',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 dest="relative",
+                 help=_("convert pitches in absolute mode"))
+
+    p.add_option('-l', '--language',
+                 metavar=_("LANG"),
+                 action="store",
+                 help=_("use LANG for pitch names, e.g. 'deutsch' for note names in German"))
+
+    p.add_option("--loglevel",
+                 help=_("Print log messages according to LOGLEVEL "
+                        "(NONE, ERROR, WARNING, PROGRESS (default), DEBUG)"),
+                 metavar=_("LOGLEVEL"),
+                 action='callback',
+                 callback=ly.handle_loglevel_option,
+                 type='string')
+
+    p.add_option('--nd', '--no-articulation-directions',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_directions",
+                 help=_("do not convert directions (^, _ or -) for articulations, dynamics, etc."))
+
+    p.add_option('--nrp', '--no-rest-positions',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_rest_positions",
+                 help=_("do not convert exact vertical positions of rests"))
+
+    p.add_option('--nsb', '--no-system-breaks',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_system_breaks",
+                 help=_("ignore system breaks"))
+
+    p.add_option('--npb', '--no-page-breaks',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_page_breaks",
+                 help=_("ignore page breaks"))
+
+    p.add_option('--npm', '--no-page-margins',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_page_margins",
+                 help=_("ignore page margins"))
+
+    p.add_option('--npl', '--no-page-layout',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_page_layout",
+                 help=_("do not convert the exact page layout and breaks (shortcut for \"--nsb --npb --npm\" options)"))
+
+    p.add_option('--nsd', '--no-stem-directions',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_stem_directions",
+                 help=_("ignore stem directions from MusicXML, use lilypond's automatic stemming instead"))
+
+    p.add_option('--nb', '--no-beaming',
+                 action="store_false",
+                 default=True,
+                 dest="convert_beaming",
+                 help=_("do not convert beaming information, use lilypond's automatic beaming instead"))
+
+    p.add_option('-o', '--output',
+                 metavar=_("FILE"),
+                 action="store",
+                 default=None,
+                 type='string',
+                 dest='output_name',
+                 help=_("set output filename to FILE, stdout if -"))
+
+    p.add_option('-m', '--midi',
+                 action="store_true",
+                 default=False,
+                 dest="midi",
+                 help=_("activate midi-block in .ly file"))
+
+    # transpose function
+    p.add_option('--transpose',
+                 metavar=_("TOPITCH"),
+                 action="store",
+                 dest="transpose",
+                 help=_("set pitch to transpose by the interval between pitch 'c' and TOPITCH"))
+
+    # time signature changing function
+    p.add_option('--sm', '--shift-meter',
+                 metavar=_("BEATS/BEATTYPE"),
+                 action="store",
+                 dest="shift_meter",
+                 help=_("change the length|duration of notes as a function of a given time signature to make the score look faster or slower, (eg. '4/4' or '2/2')"))
+
+    # switch tabstaff clef
+    p.add_option('--tc', '--tab-clef',
+                 metavar=_("TABCLEFNAME"),
+                 action="store",
+                 dest="tab_clef",
+                 help=_("switch between two versions of tab clefs (\"tab\" and \"moderntab\")"))
+
+    # StringNumber stencil on/off
+    p.add_option('--sn', '--string-numbers',
+                 metavar=_("t[rue]/f[alse]"),
+                 action="store",
+                 dest="string_numbers",
+                 help=_("deactivate string number stencil with --string-numbers f[alse]. Default is t[rue]"))
+
+    # StringNumber stencil on/off
+    p.add_option('--fb', '--fretboards',
+                 action="store_true",
+                 default=False,
+                 dest="fretboards",
+                 help=_("converts '<frame>' events to a separate FretBoards voice instead of markups"))
+
+    p.add_option_group('',
+                       description=(
+                           _("Report bugs via %s")
+                           % 'bug-lilypond@gnu.org') + '\n')
+    return p
+
+
+def print_voice_definitions(printer, part_list, voices):
+    for part in part_list:
+        part_id = part.id
+        nv_dict = voices.get(part_id, {})
+        for (name, voice) in list(nv_dict.items()):
+            k = music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name)
+            printer.dump('%s = ' % k)
+            voice.ly_voice.print_ly(printer)
+            printer.newline()
+            if voice.chordnames:
+                cnname = music_xml_chordnames_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name)
+                printer.dump('%s = ' % cnname)
+                voice.chordnames.print_ly(printer)
+                printer.newline()
+            for l in voice.lyrics_order:
+                lname = music_xml_lyrics_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name, l)
+                printer.dump('%s = ' % lname)
+                voice.lyrics_dict[l].print_ly(printer)
+                printer.newline()
+            if voice.figured_bass:
+                fbname = music_xml_figuredbass_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name)
+                printer.dump('%s = ' % fbname)
+                voice.figured_bass.print_ly(printer)
+                printer.newline()
+            if voice.fretboards:
+                fbdname = music_xml_fretboards_name_to_lily_name(part_id, name)
+                printer.dump('%s = ' % fbdname)
+                voice.fretboards.print_ly(printer)
+                printer.newline()
+
+
+# format the information about the staff in the form
+#     [staffid,
+#         [
+#            [voiceid1, [lyricsid11, lyricsid12,...], figuredbassid1],
+#            [voiceid2, [lyricsid21, lyricsid22,...], figuredbassid2],
+#            ...
+#         ]
+#     ]
+# raw_voices is of the form [(voicename, lyricsids, havefiguredbass)*]
+
+
+def format_staff_info(part_id, staff_id, raw_voices):
+    voices = []
+    for (v, lyricsids, figured_bass, chordnames, fretboards) in raw_voices:
+        voice_name = music_xml_voice_name_to_lily_name(part_id, v)
+        voice_lyrics = [music_xml_lyrics_name_to_lily_name(part_id, v, l)
+                        for l in lyricsids]
+        figured_bass_name = ''
+        if figured_bass:
+            figured_bass_name = music_xml_figuredbass_name_to_lily_name(
+                part_id, v)
+        chordnames_name = ''
+        if chordnames:
+            chordnames_name = music_xml_chordnames_name_to_lily_name(
+                part_id, v)
+        fretboards_name = ''
+        if fretboards:
+            fretboards_name = music_xml_fretboards_name_to_lily_name(
+                part_id, v)
+        voices.append([voice_name, voice_lyrics, figured_bass_name,
+                       chordnames_name, fretboards_name])
+    return [staff_id, voices]
+
+
+def update_score_setup(score_structure, part_list, voices, parts):
+    for part_definition in part_list:
+        part_id = part_definition.id
+        nv_dict = voices.get(part_id)
+        if not nv_dict:
+            if len(part_list) == len(voices) == 1:
+                # If there is only one part, infer the ID.
+                # See input/regression/musicxml/41g-PartNoId.xml.
+                nv_dict = list(voices.values())[0]
+                voices[part_id] = nv_dict
+            else:
+                ly.warning(_('unknown part in part-list: %s') % part_id)
+                continue
+
+        staves = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y,
+                        [list(voice.voicedata._staves.keys())
+                         for voice in list(nv_dict.values())],
+                        [])
+        staves_info = []
+        if len(staves) > 1:
+            staves_info = []
+            staves = sorted(set(staves))
+            for s in staves:
+                thisstaff_raw_voices = [(voice_name, voice.lyrics_order, voice.figured_bass, voice.chordnames, voice.fretboards)
+                                        for (voice_name, voice) in list(nv_dict.items())
+                                        if voice.voicedata._start_staff == s]
+                staves_info.append(format_staff_info(
+                    part_id, s, thisstaff_raw_voices))
+        else:
+            thisstaff_raw_voices = [(voice_name, voice.lyrics_order, voice.figured_bass, voice.chordnames, voice.fretboards)
+                                    for (voice_name, voice) in list(nv_dict.items())]
+            staves_info.append(format_staff_info(
+                part_id, None, thisstaff_raw_voices))
+        score_structure.set_part_information(part_id, staves_info)
+
+    sounds = []
+    for part in parts:
+        for measure in part.get_typed_children(musicxml.Measure):
+            for sound in measure.get_typed_children(musicxml.Sound):
+                sounds.append(sound)
+            for direction in measure.get_typed_children(musicxml.Direction):
+                for sound in direction.get_typed_children(musicxml.Sound):
+                    sounds.append(sound)
+
+    score_structure.set_tempo('100')
+    if len(sounds) != 0:
+        for sound in sounds:
+            if (sound.get_tempo() is not None and sound.get_tempo() != ""):
+                score_structure.set_tempo(sound.get_tempo())
+                break
+
+
+# Set global values in the \layout block, like auto-beaming etc.
+def update_layout_information():
+    if not conversion_settings.ignore_beaming and layout_information:
+        layout_information.set_context_item('Score', 'autoBeaming = ##f')
+    if musicexp.get_string_numbers() == "f":
+        layout_information.set_context_item(
+            'Score', '\\override StringNumber #\'stencil = ##f')
+
+#  \n\t\t\t\t\\override StringNumber #\'stencil = ##f
+
+
+def print_ly_preamble(printer, filename):
+    printer.dump_version(lilypond_version)
+    printer.print_verbatim(
+        '% automatically converted by musicxml2ly from ' + filename)
+    printer.newline()
+    printer.dump(r'\pointAndClickOff')
+    printer.newline()
+    if options.midi:
+        printer.newline()
+        printer.dump(r'\include "articulate.ly"')
+        printer.newline()
+
+
+def print_ly_additional_definitions(printer, filename=None):
+    if needed_additional_definitions:
+        printer.newline()
+        printer.print_verbatim(
+            '%% additional definitions required by the score:')
+        printer.newline()
+    for a in sorted(set(needed_additional_definitions)):
+        printer.print_verbatim(additional_definitions.get(a, ''))
+        printer.newline()
+    printer.newline()
+
+# Read in the tree from the given I/O object (either file or string) and
+# demarshall it using the classes from the musicxml.py file
+
+
+def read_xml(io_object, use_lxml):
+    if use_lxml:
+        import lxml.etree
+        tree = lxml.etree.parse(io_object)
+        mxl_tree = musicxml.lxml_demarshal_node(tree.getroot())
+        return mxl_tree
+    else:
+        from xml.dom import minidom, Node
+        doc = minidom.parse(io_object)
+        node = doc.documentElement
+        return musicxml.minidom_demarshal_node(node)
+    return None
+
+
+def read_musicxml(filename, compressed, use_lxml):
+    raw_string = None
+    if compressed:
+        if filename == "-":
+            ly.progress(
+                _("Input is compressed, extracting raw MusicXML data from stdin"), True)
+            # unfortunately, zipfile.ZipFile can't read directly from
+            # stdin, so copy everything from stdin to a temp file and read
+            # that. TemporaryFile() will remove the file when it is closed.
+            tmp = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
+            # Make sys.stdin binary
+            sys.stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), 'rb', 0)
+            bytes_read = sys.stdin.read(8192)
+            while bytes_read:
+                tmp.write(bytes_read)
+                bytes_read = sys.stdin.read(8192)
+            z = zipfile.ZipFile(tmp, "r")
+        else:
+            ly.progress(
+                _("Input file %s is compressed, extracting raw MusicXML data") % filename, True)
+            z = zipfile.ZipFile(filename, "r")
+        container_xml = z.read("META-INF/container.xml").decode("utf-8")
+        if not container_xml:
+            return None
+        container = read_xml(io.StringIO(container_xml), use_lxml)
+        if not container:
+            return None
+        rootfiles = container.get_maybe_exist_named_child('rootfiles')
+        if not rootfiles:
+            return None
+        rootfile_list = rootfiles.get_named_children('rootfile')
+        mxml_file = None
+        if len(rootfile_list) > 0:
+            mxml_file = getattr(rootfile_list[0], 'full-path', None)
+        if mxml_file:
+            raw_string = z.read(mxml_file).decode('utf-8')
+
+    if raw_string:
+        io_object = io.StringIO(raw_string)
+    elif filename == "-":
+        io_object = sys.stdin
+    else:
+        io_object = filename
+
+    return read_xml(io_object, use_lxml)
+
+
+def convert(filename, options):
+    if filename == "-":
+        ly.progress(_("Reading MusicXML from Standard input ..."), True)
+    else:
+        ly.progress(_("Reading MusicXML from %s ...") % filename, True)
+
+    tree = read_musicxml(filename, options.compressed, options.use_lxml)
+    score_information = extract_score_information(tree)
+    paper_information = extract_paper_information(tree)
+
+    parts = tree.get_typed_children(musicxml.Part)
+    (voices, staff_info) = get_all_voices(parts)
+
+    score = None
+    mxl_pl = tree.get_maybe_exist_typed_child(musicxml.Part_list)
+    if mxl_pl:
+        score = extract_score_structure(mxl_pl, staff_info)
+        part_list = mxl_pl.get_named_children("score-part")
+
+    # score information is contained in the <work>, <identification> or <movement-title> tags
+    update_score_setup(score, part_list, voices, parts)
+    # After the conversion, update the list of settings for the \layout block
+    update_layout_information()
+
+    if not options.output_name:
+        options.output_name = os.path.basename(filename)
+        options.output_name = os.path.splitext(options.output_name)[0]
+    elif re.match(r".*\.ly", options.output_name):
+        options.output_name = os.path.splitext(options.output_name)[0]
+
+    #defs_ly_name = options.output_name + '-defs.ly'
+    if options.output_name == "-":
+        output_ly_name = 'Standard output'
+    else:
+        output_ly_name = options.output_name + '.ly'
+    ly.progress(_("Output to `%s'") % output_ly_name, True)
+    printer = musicexp.Output_printer()
+    #ly.progress(_("Output to `%s'") % defs_ly_name, True)
+    if options.output_name == "-":
+        printer.set_file(sys.stdout)
+    else:
+        printer.set_file(open(output_ly_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8'))
+    print_ly_preamble(printer, filename)
+    print_ly_additional_definitions(printer, filename)
+    if score_information:
+        score_information.print_ly(printer)
+    if paper_information and conversion_settings.convert_page_layout:
+        paper_information.print_ly(printer)
+    if layout_information:
+        layout_information.print_ly(printer)
+    print_voice_definitions(printer, part_list, voices)
+
+    printer.newline()
+    printer.dump("% The score definition")
+    printer.newline()
+    score.print_ly(printer)
+    printer.newline()
+
+    # Syntax update to current version
+    if options.output_name != "-":
+        version = os.popen(
+            "lilypond --version | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f3").read().strip()
+        ly.progress(
+            _("Converting to current version (%s) notations ..." % version), True)
+        os.system("convert-ly -e %s 2> /dev/null" %
+                  utilities.escape_ly_output_string(output_ly_name))
+
+    return voices
+
+
+def get_existing_filename_with_extension(filename, ext):
+    if os.path.exists(filename):
+        return filename
+    newfilename = filename + "." + ext
+    if os.path.exists(newfilename):
+        return newfilename
+    newfilename = filename + ext
+    if os.path.exists(newfilename):
+        return newfilename
+    return ''
+
+
+def main():
+    opt_parser = option_parser()
+
+    global options
+    (options, args) = opt_parser.parse_args()
+
+#   in case of shell entry w/o special characters
+    if options.language == 'catalan' or options.language == 'catala':
+        options.language = 'català'
+    if options.language == 'espanol':
+        options.language = 'español'
+    if options.language == 'francais':
+        options.language = 'français'
+    if options.language == 'portugues':
+        options.language = 'português'
+
+    if not args:
+        opt_parser.print_usage()
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    # midi-block option
+    if options.midi:
+        musicexp.set_create_midi(options.midi)
+
+    # transpose function
+    if options.transpose:
+        musicexp.set_transpose(options.transpose)
+
+    # tab clef option
+    if options.tab_clef:
+        musicexp.set_tab_clef(options.tab_clef)
+
+    # string numbers option
+    if options.string_numbers:
+        musicexp.set_string_numbers(options.string_numbers)
+
+    if options.language:
+        musicexp.set_pitch_language(options.language)
+        needed_additional_definitions.append(options.language)
+        additional_definitions[options.language] = "\\language \"%s\"\n" % options.language
+
+    conversion_settings.ignore_beaming = not options.convert_beaming
+    conversion_settings.convert_page_layout = options.convert_page_layout
+    if conversion_settings.convert_page_layout:
+        conversion_settings.convert_system_breaks = options.convert_system_breaks
+        conversion_settings.convert_page_breaks = options.convert_page_breaks
+        conversion_settings.convert_page_margins = options.convert_page_margins
+    else:
+        conversion_settings.convert_system_breaks = False
+        conversion_settings.convert_page_breaks = False
+        conversion_settings.convert_page_margins = False
+    conversion_settings.convert_stem_directions = options.convert_stem_directions
+    conversion_settings.convert_rest_positions = options.convert_rest_positions
+
+    # Allow the user to leave out the .xml or xml on the filename
+    basefilename = args[0]
+    if basefilename == "-":  # Read from stdin
+        filename = "-"
+    else:
+        filename = get_existing_filename_with_extension(basefilename, "xml")
+        if not filename:
+            filename = get_existing_filename_with_extension(
+                basefilename, "mxl")
+            options.compressed = True
+    if filename and filename.endswith("mxl"):
+        options.compressed = True
+
+    if filename and (filename == "-" or os.path.exists(filename)):
+        voices = convert(filename, options)
+    else:
+        ly.error(_("Unable to find input file %s") % basefilename)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()