LilyPond-Ruby 0.1.3 → 0.1.5

data/lilypond-2.24.1/lib/python3.10/_collections_abc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1166 @@
+# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+"""Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) for collections, according to PEP 3119.
+
+Unit tests are in test_collections.
+"""
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+import sys
+
+GenericAlias = type(list[int])
+EllipsisType = type(...)
+def _f(): pass
+FunctionType = type(_f)
+del _f
+
+__all__ = ["Awaitable", "Coroutine",
+           "AsyncIterable", "AsyncIterator", "AsyncGenerator",
+           "Hashable", "Iterable", "Iterator", "Generator", "Reversible",
+           "Sized", "Container", "Callable", "Collection",
+           "Set", "MutableSet",
+           "Mapping", "MutableMapping",
+           "MappingView", "KeysView", "ItemsView", "ValuesView",
+           "Sequence", "MutableSequence",
+           "ByteString",
+           ]
+
+# This module has been renamed from collections.abc to _collections_abc to
+# speed up interpreter startup. Some of the types such as MutableMapping are
+# required early but collections module imports a lot of other modules.
+# See issue #19218
+__name__ = "collections.abc"
+
+# Private list of types that we want to register with the various ABCs
+# so that they will pass tests like:
+#       it = iter(somebytearray)
+#       assert isinstance(it, Iterable)
+# Note:  in other implementations, these types might not be distinct
+# and they may have their own implementation specific types that
+# are not included on this list.
+bytes_iterator = type(iter(b''))
+bytearray_iterator = type(iter(bytearray()))
+#callable_iterator = ???
+dict_keyiterator = type(iter({}.keys()))
+dict_valueiterator = type(iter({}.values()))
+dict_itemiterator = type(iter({}.items()))
+list_iterator = type(iter([]))
+list_reverseiterator = type(iter(reversed([])))
+range_iterator = type(iter(range(0)))
+longrange_iterator = type(iter(range(1 << 1000)))
+set_iterator = type(iter(set()))
+str_iterator = type(iter(""))
+tuple_iterator = type(iter(()))
+zip_iterator = type(iter(zip()))
+## views ##
+dict_keys = type({}.keys())
+dict_values = type({}.values())
+dict_items = type({}.items())
+## misc ##
+mappingproxy = type(type.__dict__)
+generator = type((lambda: (yield))())
+## coroutine ##
+async def _coro(): pass
+_coro = _coro()
+coroutine = type(_coro)
+_coro.close()  # Prevent ResourceWarning
+del _coro
+## asynchronous generator ##
+async def _ag(): yield
+_ag = _ag()
+async_generator = type(_ag)
+del _ag
+
+
+### ONE-TRICK PONIES ###
+
+def _check_methods(C, *methods):
+    mro = C.__mro__
+    for method in methods:
+        for B in mro:
+            if method in B.__dict__:
+                if B.__dict__[method] is None:
+                    return NotImplemented
+                break
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+    return True
+
+class Hashable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return 0
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Hashable:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__hash__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+class Awaitable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __await__(self):
+        yield
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Awaitable:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__await__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+
+
+class Coroutine(Awaitable):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def send(self, value):
+        """Send a value into the coroutine.
+        Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
+        """
+        raise StopIteration
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def throw(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
+        """Raise an exception in the coroutine.
+        Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
+        """
+        if val is None:
+            if tb is None:
+                raise typ
+            val = typ()
+        if tb is not None:
+            val = val.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise val
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Raise GeneratorExit inside coroutine.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.throw(GeneratorExit)
+        except (GeneratorExit, StopIteration):
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("coroutine ignored GeneratorExit")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Coroutine:
+            return _check_methods(C, '__await__', 'send', 'throw', 'close')
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+Coroutine.register(coroutine)
+
+
+class AsyncIterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __aiter__(self):
+        return AsyncIterator()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is AsyncIterable:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__aiter__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+
+
+class AsyncIterator(AsyncIterable):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __anext__(self):
+        """Return the next item or raise StopAsyncIteration when exhausted."""
+        raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+    def __aiter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is AsyncIterator:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__anext__", "__aiter__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+class AsyncGenerator(AsyncIterator):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    async def __anext__(self):
+        """Return the next item from the asynchronous generator.
+        When exhausted, raise StopAsyncIteration.
+        """
+        return await self.asend(None)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def asend(self, value):
+        """Send a value into the asynchronous generator.
+        Return next yielded value or raise StopAsyncIteration.
+        """
+        raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def athrow(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
+        """Raise an exception in the asynchronous generator.
+        Return next yielded value or raise StopAsyncIteration.
+        """
+        if val is None:
+            if tb is None:
+                raise typ
+            val = typ()
+        if tb is not None:
+            val = val.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise val
+
+    async def aclose(self):
+        """Raise GeneratorExit inside coroutine.
+        """
+        try:
+            await self.athrow(GeneratorExit)
+        except (GeneratorExit, StopAsyncIteration):
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("asynchronous generator ignored GeneratorExit")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is AsyncGenerator:
+            return _check_methods(C, '__aiter__', '__anext__',
+                                  'asend', 'athrow', 'aclose')
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+AsyncGenerator.register(async_generator)
+
+
+class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __iter__(self):
+        while False:
+            yield None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Iterable:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__iter__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+
+
+class Iterator(Iterable):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __next__(self):
+        'Return the next item from the iterator. When exhausted, raise StopIteration'
+        raise StopIteration
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Iterator:
+            return _check_methods(C, '__iter__', '__next__')
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+Iterator.register(bytes_iterator)
+Iterator.register(bytearray_iterator)
+#Iterator.register(callable_iterator)
+Iterator.register(dict_keyiterator)
+Iterator.register(dict_valueiterator)
+Iterator.register(dict_itemiterator)
+Iterator.register(list_iterator)
+Iterator.register(list_reverseiterator)
+Iterator.register(range_iterator)
+Iterator.register(longrange_iterator)
+Iterator.register(set_iterator)
+Iterator.register(str_iterator)
+Iterator.register(tuple_iterator)
+Iterator.register(zip_iterator)
+
+
+class Reversible(Iterable):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        while False:
+            yield None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Reversible:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__reversed__", "__iter__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+class Generator(Iterator):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        """Return the next item from the generator.
+        When exhausted, raise StopIteration.
+        """
+        return self.send(None)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def send(self, value):
+        """Send a value into the generator.
+        Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
+        """
+        raise StopIteration
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def throw(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
+        """Raise an exception in the generator.
+        Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
+        """
+        if val is None:
+            if tb is None:
+                raise typ
+            val = typ()
+        if tb is not None:
+            val = val.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise val
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Raise GeneratorExit inside generator.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.throw(GeneratorExit)
+        except (GeneratorExit, StopIteration):
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("generator ignored GeneratorExit")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Generator:
+            return _check_methods(C, '__iter__', '__next__',
+                                  'send', 'throw', 'close')
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+Generator.register(generator)
+
+
+class Sized(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __len__(self):
+        return 0
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Sized:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__len__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+class Container(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __contains__(self, x):
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Container:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__contains__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+
+
+class Collection(Sized, Iterable, Container):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Collection:
+            return _check_methods(C,  "__len__", "__iter__", "__contains__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+
+class _CallableGenericAlias(GenericAlias):
+    """ Represent `Callable[argtypes, resulttype]`.
+
+    This sets ``__args__`` to a tuple containing the flattened ``argtypes``
+    followed by ``resulttype``.
+
+    Example: ``Callable[[int, str], float]`` sets ``__args__`` to
+    ``(int, str, float)``.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(cls, origin, args):
+        if not (isinstance(args, tuple) and len(args) == 2):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Callable must be used as Callable[[arg, ...], result].")
+        t_args, t_result = args
+        if isinstance(t_args, list):
+            args = (*t_args, t_result)
+        elif not _is_param_expr(t_args):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected a list of types, an ellipsis, "
+                            f"ParamSpec, or Concatenate. Got {t_args}")
+        return super().__new__(cls, origin, args)
+
+    @property
+    def __parameters__(self):
+        params = []
+        for arg in self.__args__:
+            # Looks like a genericalias
+            if hasattr(arg, "__parameters__") and isinstance(arg.__parameters__, tuple):
+                params.extend(arg.__parameters__)
+            else:
+                if _is_typevarlike(arg):
+                    params.append(arg)
+        return tuple(dict.fromkeys(params))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if len(self.__args__) == 2 and _is_param_expr(self.__args__[0]):
+            return super().__repr__()
+        return (f'collections.abc.Callable'
+                f'[[{", ".join([_type_repr(a) for a in self.__args__[:-1]])}], '
+                f'{_type_repr(self.__args__[-1])}]')
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        args = self.__args__
+        if not (len(args) == 2 and _is_param_expr(args[0])):
+            args = list(args[:-1]), args[-1]
+        return _CallableGenericAlias, (Callable, args)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        # Called during TypeVar substitution, returns the custom subclass
+        # rather than the default types.GenericAlias object.  Most of the
+        # code is copied from typing's _GenericAlias and the builtin
+        # types.GenericAlias.
+
+        # A special case in PEP 612 where if X = Callable[P, int],
+        # then X[int, str] == X[[int, str]].
+        param_len = len(self.__parameters__)
+        if param_len == 0:
+            raise TypeError(f'{self} is not a generic class')
+        if not isinstance(item, tuple):
+            item = (item,)
+        if (param_len == 1 and _is_param_expr(self.__parameters__[0])
+                and item and not _is_param_expr(item[0])):
+            item = (list(item),)
+        item_len = len(item)
+        if item_len != param_len:
+            raise TypeError(f'Too {"many" if item_len > param_len else "few"}'
+                            f' arguments for {self};'
+                            f' actual {item_len}, expected {param_len}')
+        subst = dict(zip(self.__parameters__, item))
+        new_args = []
+        for arg in self.__args__:
+            if _is_typevarlike(arg):
+                if _is_param_expr(arg):
+                    arg = subst[arg]
+                    if not _is_param_expr(arg):
+                        raise TypeError(f"Expected a list of types, an ellipsis, "
+                                        f"ParamSpec, or Concatenate. Got {arg}")
+                else:
+                    arg = subst[arg]
+            # Looks like a GenericAlias
+            elif hasattr(arg, '__parameters__') and isinstance(arg.__parameters__, tuple):
+                subparams = arg.__parameters__
+                if subparams:
+                    subargs = tuple(subst[x] for x in subparams)
+                    arg = arg[subargs]
+            if isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                new_args.extend(arg)
+            else:
+                new_args.append(arg)
+
+        # args[0] occurs due to things like Z[[int, str, bool]] from PEP 612
+        if not isinstance(new_args[0], list):
+            t_result = new_args[-1]
+            t_args = new_args[:-1]
+            new_args = (t_args, t_result)
+        return _CallableGenericAlias(Callable, tuple(new_args))
+
+
+def _is_typevarlike(arg):
+    obj = type(arg)
+    # looks like a TypeVar/ParamSpec
+    return (obj.__module__ == 'typing'
+            and obj.__name__ in {'ParamSpec', 'TypeVar'})
+
+def _is_param_expr(obj):
+    """Checks if obj matches either a list of types, ``...``, ``ParamSpec`` or
+    ``_ConcatenateGenericAlias`` from typing.py
+    """
+    if obj is Ellipsis:
+        return True
+    if isinstance(obj, list):
+        return True
+    obj = type(obj)
+    names = ('ParamSpec', '_ConcatenateGenericAlias')
+    return obj.__module__ == 'typing' and any(obj.__name__ == name for name in names)
+
+def _type_repr(obj):
+    """Return the repr() of an object, special-casing types (internal helper).
+
+    Copied from :mod:`typing` since collections.abc
+    shouldn't depend on that module.
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, GenericAlias):
+        return repr(obj)
+    if isinstance(obj, type):
+        if obj.__module__ == 'builtins':
+            return obj.__qualname__
+        return f'{obj.__module__}.{obj.__qualname__}'
+    if obj is Ellipsis:
+        return '...'
+    if isinstance(obj, FunctionType):
+        return obj.__name__
+    return repr(obj)
+
+
+class Callable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
+        if cls is Callable:
+            return _check_methods(C, "__call__")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(_CallableGenericAlias)
+
+
+### SETS ###
+
+
+class Set(Collection):
+    """A set is a finite, iterable container.
+
+    This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
+    methods except for __contains__, __iter__ and __len__.
+
+    To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the
+    semantics are fixed), redefine __le__ and __ge__,
+    then the other operations will automatically follow suit.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if len(self) > len(other):
+            return False
+        for elem in self:
+            if elem not in other:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return len(self) < len(other) and self.__le__(other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return len(self) > len(other) and self.__ge__(other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if len(self) < len(other):
+            return False
+        for elem in other:
+            if elem not in self:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return len(self) == len(other) and self.__le__(other)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_iterable(cls, it):
+        '''Construct an instance of the class from any iterable input.
+
+        Must override this method if the class constructor signature
+        does not accept an iterable for an input.
+        '''
+        return cls(it)
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._from_iterable(value for value in other if value in self)
+
+    __rand__ = __and__
+
+    def isdisjoint(self, other):
+        'Return True if two sets have a null intersection.'
+        for value in other:
+            if value in self:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
+            return NotImplemented
+        chain = (e for s in (self, other) for e in s)
+        return self._from_iterable(chain)
+
+    __ror__ = __or__
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
+                return NotImplemented
+            other = self._from_iterable(other)
+        return self._from_iterable(value for value in self
+                                   if value not in other)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
+                return NotImplemented
+            other = self._from_iterable(other)
+        return self._from_iterable(value for value in other
+                                   if value not in self)
+
+    def __xor__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Set):
+            if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
+                return NotImplemented
+            other = self._from_iterable(other)
+        return (self - other) | (other - self)
+
+    __rxor__ = __xor__
+
+    def _hash(self):
+        """Compute the hash value of a set.
+
+        Note that we don't define __hash__: not all sets are hashable.
+        But if you define a hashable set type, its __hash__ should
+        call this function.
+
+        This must be compatible __eq__.
+
+        All sets ought to compare equal if they contain the same
+        elements, regardless of how they are implemented, and
+        regardless of the order of the elements; so there's not much
+        freedom for __eq__ or __hash__.  We match the algorithm used
+        by the built-in frozenset type.
+        """
+        MAX = sys.maxsize
+        MASK = 2 * MAX + 1
+        n = len(self)
+        h = 1927868237 * (n + 1)
+        h &= MASK
+        for x in self:
+            hx = hash(x)
+            h ^= (hx ^ (hx << 16) ^ 89869747)  * 3644798167
+            h &= MASK
+        h ^= (h >> 11) ^ (h >> 25)
+        h = h * 69069 + 907133923
+        h &= MASK
+        if h > MAX:
+            h -= MASK + 1
+        if h == -1:
+            h = 590923713
+        return h
+
+
+Set.register(frozenset)
+
+
+class MutableSet(Set):
+    """A mutable set is a finite, iterable container.
+
+    This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
+    methods except for __contains__, __iter__, __len__,
+    add(), and discard().
+
+    To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the
+    semantics are fixed), all you have to do is redefine __le__ and
+    then the other operations will automatically follow suit.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add(self, value):
+        """Add an element."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def discard(self, value):
+        """Remove an element.  Do not raise an exception if absent."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def remove(self, value):
+        """Remove an element. If not a member, raise a KeyError."""
+        if value not in self:
+            raise KeyError(value)
+        self.discard(value)
+
+    def pop(self):
+        """Return the popped value.  Raise KeyError if empty."""
+        it = iter(self)
+        try:
+            value = next(it)
+        except StopIteration:
+            raise KeyError from None
+        self.discard(value)
+        return value
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """This is slow (creates N new iterators!) but effective."""
+        try:
+            while True:
+                self.pop()
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def __ior__(self, it):
+        for value in it:
+            self.add(value)
+        return self
+
+    def __iand__(self, it):
+        for value in (self - it):
+            self.discard(value)
+        return self
+
+    def __ixor__(self, it):
+        if it is self:
+            self.clear()
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(it, Set):
+                it = self._from_iterable(it)
+            for value in it:
+                if value in self:
+                    self.discard(value)
+                else:
+                    self.add(value)
+        return self
+
+    def __isub__(self, it):
+        if it is self:
+            self.clear()
+        else:
+            for value in it:
+                self.discard(value)
+        return self
+
+
+MutableSet.register(set)
+
+
+### MAPPINGS ###
+
+class Mapping(Collection):
+    """A Mapping is a generic container for associating key/value
+    pairs.
+
+    This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
+    methods except for __getitem__, __iter__, and __len__.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    # Tell ABCMeta.__new__ that this class should have TPFLAGS_MAPPING set.
+    __abc_tpflags__ = 1 << 6 # Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        raise KeyError
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        'D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None.'
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        try:
+            self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def keys(self):
+        "D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys"
+        return KeysView(self)
+
+    def items(self):
+        "D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items"
+        return ItemsView(self)
+
+    def values(self):
+        "D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values"
+        return ValuesView(self)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return dict(self.items()) == dict(other.items())
+
+    __reversed__ = None
+
+Mapping.register(mappingproxy)
+
+
+class MappingView(Sized):
+
+    __slots__ = '_mapping',
+
+    def __init__(self, mapping):
+        self._mapping = mapping
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._mapping)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '{0.__class__.__name__}({0._mapping!r})'.format(self)
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+
+
+class KeysView(MappingView, Set):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_iterable(cls, it):
+        return set(it)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._mapping
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield from self._mapping
+
+
+KeysView.register(dict_keys)
+
+
+class ItemsView(MappingView, Set):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_iterable(cls, it):
+        return set(it)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        key, value = item
+        try:
+            v = self._mapping[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return v is value or v == value
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for key in self._mapping:
+            yield (key, self._mapping[key])
+
+
+ItemsView.register(dict_items)
+
+
+class ValuesView(MappingView, Collection):
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __contains__(self, value):
+        for key in self._mapping:
+            v = self._mapping[key]
+            if v is value or v == value:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for key in self._mapping:
+            yield self._mapping[key]
+
+
+ValuesView.register(dict_values)
+
+
+class MutableMapping(Mapping):
+    """A MutableMapping is a generic container for associating
+    key/value pairs.
+
+    This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
+    methods except for __getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__,
+    __iter__, and __len__.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        raise KeyError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        raise KeyError
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+        '''D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+          If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+        '''
+        try:
+            value = self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise
+            return default
+        else:
+            del self[key]
+            return value
+
+    def popitem(self):
+        '''D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair
+           as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
+        '''
+        try:
+            key = next(iter(self))
+        except StopIteration:
+            raise KeyError from None
+        value = self[key]
+        del self[key]
+        return key, value
+
+    def clear(self):
+        'D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D.'
+        try:
+            while True:
+                self.popitem()
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def update(self, other=(), /, **kwds):
+        ''' D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from mapping/iterable E and F.
+            If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
+            If E present and lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
+            In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): D[k] = v
+        '''
+        if isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            for key in other:
+                self[key] = other[key]
+        elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            for key in other.keys():
+                self[key] = other[key]
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self[key] = value
+        for key, value in kwds.items():
+            self[key] = value
+
+    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+        'D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D'
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            self[key] = default
+        return default
+
+
+MutableMapping.register(dict)
+
+
+### SEQUENCES ###
+
+class Sequence(Reversible, Collection):
+    """All the operations on a read-only sequence.
+
+    Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__,
+    __getitem__, and __len__.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    # Tell ABCMeta.__new__ that this class should have TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE set.
+    __abc_tpflags__ = 1 << 5 # Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        raise IndexError
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        i = 0
+        try:
+            while True:
+                v = self[i]
+                yield v
+                i += 1
+        except IndexError:
+            return
+
+    def __contains__(self, value):
+        for v in self:
+            if v is value or v == value:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        for i in reversed(range(len(self))):
+            yield self[i]
+
+    def index(self, value, start=0, stop=None):
+        '''S.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
+           Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
+
+           Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but
+           recommended.
+        '''
+        if start is not None and start < 0:
+            start = max(len(self) + start, 0)
+        if stop is not None and stop < 0:
+            stop += len(self)
+
+        i = start
+        while stop is None or i < stop:
+            try:
+                v = self[i]
+                if v is value or v == value:
+                    return i
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+            i += 1
+        raise ValueError
+
+    def count(self, value):
+        'S.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value'
+        return sum(1 for v in self if v is value or v == value)
+
+Sequence.register(tuple)
+Sequence.register(str)
+Sequence.register(range)
+Sequence.register(memoryview)
+
+
+class ByteString(Sequence):
+    """This unifies bytes and bytearray.
+
+    XXX Should add all their methods.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+ByteString.register(bytes)
+ByteString.register(bytearray)
+
+
+class MutableSequence(Sequence):
+    """All the operations on a read-write sequence.
+
+    Concrete subclasses must provide __new__ or __init__,
+    __getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__, __len__, and insert().
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+        raise IndexError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __delitem__(self, index):
+        raise IndexError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def insert(self, index, value):
+        'S.insert(index, value) -- insert value before index'
+        raise IndexError
+
+    def append(self, value):
+        'S.append(value) -- append value to the end of the sequence'
+        self.insert(len(self), value)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        'S.clear() -> None -- remove all items from S'
+        try:
+            while True:
+                self.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            pass
+
+    def reverse(self):
+        'S.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*'
+        n = len(self)
+        for i in range(n//2):
+            self[i], self[n-i-1] = self[n-i-1], self[i]
+
+    def extend(self, values):
+        'S.extend(iterable) -- extend sequence by appending elements from the iterable'
+        if values is self:
+            values = list(values)
+        for v in values:
+            self.append(v)
+
+    def pop(self, index=-1):
+        '''S.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
+           Raise IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
+        '''
+        v = self[index]
+        del self[index]
+        return v
+
+    def remove(self, value):
+        '''S.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
+           Raise ValueError if the value is not present.
+        '''
+        del self[self.index(value)]
+
+    def __iadd__(self, values):
+        self.extend(values)
+        return self
+
+
+MutableSequence.register(list)
+MutableSequence.register(bytearray)  # Multiply inheriting, see ByteString