xinference 1.9.0__py3-none-any.whl → 1.10.0__py3-none-any.whl

xinference/_version.py

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ import json
 
 version_json = '''
 {
- "date": "2025-08-16T21:34:08+0800",
+ "date": "2025-09-12T21:20:52+0800",
  "dirty": false,
  "error": null,
- "full-revisionid": "38e0401f83799f57d42ef948c57782466b8e4777",
- "version": "1.9.0"
+ "full-revisionid": "b018733c97029fb59e8ffe55fadc6473232fbf23",
+ "version": "1.10.0"
 }
 '''  # END VERSION_JSON
 

xinference/api/restful_api.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import asyncio
 import inspect
+import ipaddress
 import json
 import logging
 import multiprocessing
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import os
 import pprint
 import sys
 import time
+import uuid
 import warnings
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ from xoscar.utils import get_next_port
 from .._compat import BaseModel, Field
 from .._version import get_versions
 from ..constants import (
+    XINFERENCE_ALLOWED_IPS,
     XINFERENCE_DEFAULT_CANCEL_BLOCK_DURATION,
     XINFERENCE_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT_PORT,
     XINFERENCE_DISABLE_METRICS,
@@ -61,11 +64,16 @@ from ..constants import (
 from ..core.event import Event, EventCollectorActor, EventType
 from ..core.supervisor import SupervisorActor
 from ..core.utils import CancelMixin, json_dumps
+
+# Import Anthropic-related types and availability flag
 from ..types import (
+    ANTHROPIC_AVAILABLE,
+    AnthropicMessage,
     ChatCompletion,
     Completion,
     CreateChatCompletion,
     CreateCompletion,
+    CreateMessage,
     ImageList,
     PeftModelConfig,
     SDAPIResult,
@@ -213,6 +221,9 @@ class BuildGradioMediaInterfaceRequest(BaseModel):
 
 
 class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
+    # Add new class attributes
+    _allowed_ip_list: Optional[List[ipaddress.IPv4Network]] = None
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         supervisor_address: str,
@@ -229,6 +240,45 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
         self._auth_service = AuthService(auth_config_file)
         self._router = APIRouter()
         self._app = FastAPI()
+        # Initialize allowed IP list once
+        self._init_allowed_ip_list()
+
+    def _init_allowed_ip_list(self):
+        """Initialize the allowed IP list from environment variable."""
+        if RESTfulAPI._allowed_ip_list is None:
+            # ie: export XINFERENCE_ALLOWED_IPS=192.168.1.0/24
+            allowed_ips = XINFERENCE_ALLOWED_IPS
+            if allowed_ips:
+                RESTfulAPI._allowed_ip_list = []
+                for ip in allowed_ips.split(","):
+                    ip = ip.strip()
+                    try:
+                        # Try parsing as network/CIDR
+                        if "/" in ip:
+                            RESTfulAPI._allowed_ip_list.append(ipaddress.ip_network(ip))
+                        else:
+                            # Parse as single IP
+                            RESTfulAPI._allowed_ip_list.append(
+                                ipaddress.ip_network(f"{ip}/32")
+                            )
+                    except ValueError:
+                        logger.error(
+                            f"Invalid IP address or network: {ip}", exc_info=True
+                        )
+                        continue
+
+    def _is_ip_allowed(self, ip: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if an IP is allowed based on configured rules."""
+        if not RESTfulAPI._allowed_ip_list:
+            return True
+
+        try:
+            client_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
+            return any(
+                client_ip in allowed_net for allowed_net in RESTfulAPI._allowed_ip_list
+            )
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
 
     def is_authenticated(self):
         return False if self._auth_service.config is None else True
@@ -287,6 +337,16 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
             allow_headers=["*"],
         )
 
+        @self._app.middleware("http")
+        async def ip_restriction_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
+            client_ip = request.client.host
+            if not self._is_ip_allowed(client_ip):
+                return PlainTextResponse(
+                    status_code=403, content=f"Access denied for IP: {client_ip}\n"
+                )
+            response = await call_next(request)
+            return response
+
         @self._app.exception_handler(500)
         async def internal_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception):
             logger.exception("Handling request %s failed: %s", request.url, exc)
@@ -532,6 +592,40 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
                 else None
             ),
         )
+        # Register messages endpoint only if Anthropic is available
+        if ANTHROPIC_AVAILABLE:
+            self._router.add_api_route(
+                "/anthropic/v1/messages",
+                self.create_message,
+                methods=["POST"],
+                response_model=AnthropicMessage,
+                dependencies=(
+                    [Security(self._auth_service, scopes=["models:read"])]
+                    if self.is_authenticated()
+                    else None
+                ),
+            )
+            # Register Anthropic models endpoints
+            self._router.add_api_route(
+                "/anthropic/v1/models",
+                self.anthropic_list_models,
+                methods=["GET"],
+                dependencies=(
+                    [Security(self._auth_service, scopes=["models:list"])]
+                    if self.is_authenticated()
+                    else None
+                ),
+            )
+            self._router.add_api_route(
+                "/anthropic/v1/models/{model_id}",
+                self.anthropic_get_model,
+                methods=["GET"],
+                dependencies=(
+                    [Security(self._auth_service, scopes=["models:list"])]
+                    if self.is_authenticated()
+                    else None
+                ),
+            )
         self._router.add_api_route(
             "/v1/embeddings",
             self.create_embedding,
@@ -994,6 +1088,58 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
             logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
             raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
 
+    async def anthropic_list_models(self) -> JSONResponse:
+        """Anthropic-compatible models endpoint"""
+        try:
+
+            # Get running models from xinference
+            running_models = await (await self._get_supervisor_ref()).list_models()
+
+            # For backward compatibility with tests, only return running models by default
+            model_list = []
+
+            # Add running models to the list
+            for model_id, model_info in running_models.items():
+                anthropic_model = {
+                    "id": model_id,
+                    "object": "model",
+                    "created": 0,
+                    "display_name": model_info.get("model_name", model_id),
+                    "type": model_info.get("model_type", "model"),
+                    "max_tokens": model_info.get("context_length", 4096),
+                }
+                model_list.append(anthropic_model)
+
+            return JSONResponse(content=model_list)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+    async def anthropic_get_model(self, model_id: str) -> JSONResponse:
+        """Anthropic-compatible model retrieval endpoint"""
+        try:
+            models = await (await self._get_supervisor_ref()).list_models()
+
+            model_info = models[model_id]
+
+            # Convert to Anthropic format
+            anthropic_model = {
+                "id": model_id,  # Return the original requested ID
+                "object": "model",
+                "created": 0,
+                "display_name": model_info.get("model_name", model_id),
+                "type": model_info.get("model_type", "model"),
+                "max_tokens": model_info.get("context_length", 4096),
+                **model_info,
+            }
+
+            return JSONResponse(content=anthropic_model)
+        except HTTPException:
+            raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
     async def describe_model(self, model_uid: str) -> JSONResponse:
         try:
             data = await (await self._get_supervisor_ref()).describe_model(model_uid)
@@ -1417,6 +1563,151 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
                 self.handle_request_limit_error(e)
                 raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
 
+    async def create_message(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raw_body = await request.json()
+        body = CreateMessage.parse_obj(raw_body)
+
+        exclude = {
+            "model",
+            "messages",
+            "stream",
+            "stop_sequences",
+            "metadata",
+            "tool_choice",
+            "tools",
+        }
+        raw_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in raw_body.items() if k not in exclude}
+        kwargs = body.dict(exclude_unset=True, exclude=exclude)
+
+        # guided_decoding params
+        kwargs.update(self.extract_guided_params(raw_body=raw_body))
+
+        # TODO: Decide if this default value override is necessary #1061
+        if body.max_tokens is None:
+            kwargs["max_tokens"] = max_tokens_field.default
+
+        messages = body.messages and list(body.messages)
+
+        if not messages or messages[-1].get("role") not in ["user", "assistant"]:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400, detail="Invalid input. Please specify the prompt."
+            )
+
+        # Handle tools parameter
+        if hasattr(body, "tools") and body.tools:
+            kwargs["tools"] = body.tools
+
+        # Handle tool_choice parameter
+        if hasattr(body, "tool_choice") and body.tool_choice:
+            kwargs["tool_choice"] = body.tool_choice
+
+        # Get model mapping
+        try:
+            running_models = await (await self._get_supervisor_ref()).list_models()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get model mapping: {e}", exc_info=True)
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Failed to get model mapping")
+
+        if not running_models:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail=f"No running models available. Please start a model in xinference first.",
+            )
+
+        requested_model_id = body.model
+        if "claude" in requested_model_id:
+            requested_model_id = list(running_models.keys())[0]
+
+        if requested_model_id not in running_models:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail=f"Model '{requested_model_id}' is not available. Available models: {list(running_models.keys())}",
+            )
+        else:
+            model_uid = requested_model_id
+
+        try:
+            model = await (await self._get_supervisor_ref()).get_model(model_uid)
+        except ValueError as ve:
+            logger.error(str(ve), exc_info=True)
+            await self._report_error_event(model_uid, str(ve))
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(ve))
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
+            await self._report_error_event(model_uid, str(e))
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+        if body.stream:
+
+            async def stream_results():
+                iterator = None
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        iterator = await model.chat(
+                            messages, kwargs, raw_params=raw_kwargs
+                        )
+                    except RuntimeError as re:
+                        self.handle_request_limit_error(re)
+
+                    # Check if iterator is actually an async iterator
+                    if hasattr(iterator, "__aiter__"):
+                        async for item in iterator:
+                            yield item
+                    elif isinstance(iterator, (str, bytes)):
+                        # Handle case where chat returns bytes/string instead of iterator
+                        if isinstance(iterator, bytes):
+                            try:
+                                content = iterator.decode("utf-8")
+                            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                                content = str(iterator)
+                        else:
+                            content = iterator
+                        yield dict(data=json.dumps({"content": content}))
+                    else:
+                        # Fallback: try to iterate normally
+                        try:
+                            for item in iterator:
+                                yield item
+                        except TypeError:
+                            # If not iterable, yield as single result
+                            yield dict(data=json.dumps({"content": str(iterator)}))
+
+                    yield "[DONE]"
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    logger.info(
+                        f"Disconnected from client (via refresh/close) {request.client} during chat."
+                    )
+                    return
+                except Exception as ex:
+                    ex = await self._get_model_last_error(model.uid, ex)
+                    logger.exception("Message stream got an error: %s", ex)
+                    await self._report_error_event(model_uid, str(ex))
+                    yield dict(data=json.dumps({"error": str(ex)}))
+                    return
+                finally:
+                    await model.decrease_serve_count()
+
+            return EventSourceResponse(
+                stream_results(), ping=XINFERENCE_SSE_PING_ATTEMPTS_SECONDS
+            )
+        else:
+            try:
+                data = await model.chat(messages, kwargs, raw_params=raw_kwargs)
+                # Convert OpenAI format to Anthropic format
+                openai_response = json.loads(data)
+                anthropic_response = self._convert_openai_to_anthropic(
+                    openai_response, body.model
+                )
+                return Response(
+                    json.dumps(anthropic_response), media_type="application/json"
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                e = await self._get_model_last_error(model.uid, e)
+                logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
+                await self._report_error_event(model_uid, str(e))
+                self.handle_request_limit_error(e)
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
     async def create_embedding(self, request: Request) -> Response:
         payload = await request.json()
         body = CreateEmbeddingRequest.parse_obj(payload)
@@ -2371,7 +2662,14 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
             data = await (await self._get_supervisor_ref()).list_model_registrations(
                 model_type, detailed=detailed
             )
-            return JSONResponse(content=data)
+            # Remove duplicate model names.
+            model_names = set()
+            final_data = []
+            for item in data:
+                if item["model_name"] not in model_names:
+                    model_names.add(item["model_name"])
+                    final_data.append(item)
+            return JSONResponse(content=final_data)
         except ValueError as re:
             logger.error(re, exc_info=True)
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(re))
@@ -2560,6 +2858,19 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
     def extract_guided_params(raw_body: dict) -> dict:
         kwargs = {}
         raw_extra_body: dict = raw_body.get("extra_body")  # type: ignore
+        # Convert OpenAI response_format to vLLM guided decoding
+        response_format = raw_body.get("response_format")
+        if response_format is not None:
+            if isinstance(response_format, dict):
+                format_type = response_format.get("type")
+                if format_type == "json_schema":
+                    json_schema = response_format.get("json_schema")
+                    if isinstance(json_schema, dict):
+                        schema = json_schema.get("schema")
+                        if schema is not None:
+                            kwargs["guided_json"] = schema
+                elif format_type == "json_object":
+                    kwargs["guided_json_object"] = True
         if raw_body.get("guided_json"):
             kwargs["guided_json"] = raw_body.get("guided_json")
         if raw_body.get("guided_regex") is not None:
@@ -2578,6 +2889,19 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
             )
         # Parse OpenAI extra_body
         if raw_extra_body is not None:
+            # Convert OpenAI response_format to vLLM guided decoding
+            extra_response_format = raw_extra_body.get("response_format")
+            if extra_response_format is not None:
+                if isinstance(extra_response_format, dict):
+                    format_type = extra_response_format.get("type")
+                    if format_type == "json_schema":
+                        json_schema = extra_response_format.get("json_schema")
+                        if isinstance(json_schema, dict):
+                            schema = json_schema.get("schema")
+                            if schema is not None:
+                                kwargs["guided_json"] = schema
+                    elif format_type == "json_object":
+                        kwargs["guided_json_object"] = True
             if raw_extra_body.get("guided_json"):
                 kwargs["guided_json"] = raw_extra_body.get("guided_json")
             if raw_extra_body.get("guided_regex") is not None:
@@ -2603,6 +2927,96 @@ class RESTfulAPI(CancelMixin):
 
         return kwargs
 
+    def _convert_openai_to_anthropic(self, openai_response: dict, model: str) -> dict:
+        """
+        Convert OpenAI response format to Anthropic response format.
+
+        Args:
+            openai_response: OpenAI format response
+            model: Model name
+
+        Returns:
+            Anthropic format response
+        """
+
+        # Extract content and tool calls from OpenAI response
+        content_blocks = []
+        stop_reason = "stop"
+
+        if "choices" in openai_response and len(openai_response["choices"]) > 0:
+            choice = openai_response["choices"][0]
+            message = choice.get("message", {})
+
+            # Handle content text
+            content = message.get("content", "")
+            if content:
+                if isinstance(content, str):
+                    # If content is a string, use it directly
+                    content_blocks.append({"type": "text", "text": content})
+                elif isinstance(content, list):
+                    # If content is a list, extract text from each content block
+                    for content_block in content:
+                        if isinstance(content_block, dict):
+                            if content_block.get("type") == "text":
+                                text = content_block.get("text", "")
+                                if text:
+                                    content_blocks.append(
+                                        {"type": "text", "text": text}
+                                    )
+                            elif "text" in content_block:
+                                # Handle different content block format
+                                text = content_block.get("text", "")
+                                if text:
+                                    content_blocks.append(
+                                        {"type": "text", "text": text}
+                                    )
+
+            # Handle tool calls
+            tool_calls = message.get("tool_calls", [])
+            for tool_call in tool_calls:
+                function = tool_call.get("function", {})
+                arguments = function.get("arguments", "{}")
+                try:
+                    input_data = json.loads(arguments)
+                except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                    input_data = {}
+                tool_use_block = {
+                    "type": "tool_use",
+                    "cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral"},
+                    "id": tool_call.get("id", str(uuid.uuid4())),
+                    "name": function.get("name", ""),
+                    "input": input_data,
+                }
+                content_blocks.append(tool_use_block)
+
+            # Set stop reason based on finish reason
+            finish_reason = choice.get("finish_reason", "stop")
+            if finish_reason == "tool_calls":
+                stop_reason = "tool_use"
+
+        # Build Anthropic response
+        anthropic_response = {
+            "id": str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            "type": "message",
+            "role": "assistant",
+            "content": content_blocks,
+            "model": model,
+            "stop_reason": stop_reason,
+            "stop_sequence": None,
+            "usage": {
+                "input_tokens": openai_response.get("usage", {}).get(
+                    "prompt_tokens", 0
+                ),
+                "output_tokens": openai_response.get("usage", {}).get(
+                    "completion_tokens", 0
+                ),
+                "cache_creation_input_tokens": 0,
+                "cache_read_input_tokens": 0,
+            },
+        }
+
+        return anthropic_response
+
 
 def run(
     supervisor_address: str,

xinference/constants.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ XINFERENCE_ENV_VIRTUAL_ENV = "XINFERENCE_ENABLE_VIRTUAL_ENV"
 XINFERENCE_ENV_VIRTUAL_ENV_SKIP_INSTALLED = "XINFERENCE_VIRTUAL_ENV_SKIP_INSTALLED"
 XINFERENCE_ENV_SSE_PING_ATTEMPTS_SECONDS = "XINFERENCE_SSE_PING_ATTEMPTS_SECONDS"
 XINFERENCE_ENV_MAX_TOKENS = "XINFERENCE_MAX_TOKENS"
+XINFERENCE_ENV_ALLOWED_IPS = "XINFERENCE_ALLOWED_IPS"
 
 
 def get_xinference_home() -> str:
@@ -110,3 +111,4 @@ XINFERENCE_VIRTUAL_ENV_SKIP_INSTALLED = (
     if os.getenv(XINFERENCE_ENV_VIRTUAL_ENV_SKIP_INSTALLED)
     else None
 )
+XINFERENCE_ALLOWED_IPS = os.getenv(XINFERENCE_ENV_ALLOWED_IPS)

xinference/core/model.py

@@ -882,10 +882,9 @@ class ModelActor(xo.StatelessActor, CancelMixin):
         **kwargs,
     ):
         if hasattr(self._model, "text_to_image"):
-            # Directly delegate to model, let model decide how to handle (batching or not)
-            progressor = kwargs["progressor"] = await self._get_progressor(
-                kwargs.pop("request_id", None)
-            )
+            # Get progressor (don't pop request_id, let _call_wrapper handle cancellation)
+            request_id = kwargs.get("request_id")
+            progressor = kwargs["progressor"] = await self._get_progressor(request_id)  # type: ignore
             with progressor:
                 return await self._call_wrapper_json(
                     self._model.text_to_image,

xinference/core/supervisor.py

@@ -886,6 +886,10 @@ class SupervisorActor(xo.StatelessActor):
                 await self._cache_tracker_ref.record_model_version(
                     generate_fn(model_spec), self.address
                 )
+                await self._sync_register_model(
+                    model_type, model, persist, model_spec.model_name
+                )
+
             except ValueError as e:
                 raise e
             except Exception as e:
@@ -894,6 +898,30 @@ class SupervisorActor(xo.StatelessActor):
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Unsupported model type: {model_type}")
 
+    async def _sync_register_model(
+        self, model_type: str, model: str, persist: bool, model_name: str
+    ):
+        logger.info(f"begin sync model:{model_name} to worker")
+        try:
+            # Sync model to all workers.
+            for name, worker in self._worker_address_to_worker.items():
+                logger.info(f"sync model:{model_name} to {name}")
+                if name == self.address:
+                    # Ignore: when worker and supervisor at the same node.
+                    logger.info(
+                        f"ignore sync model:{model_name} to {name} for same node"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    await worker.register_model(model_type, model, persist)
+                    logger.info(f"success sync model:{model_name} to {name}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            # If sync fails, unregister the model in all workers.
+            for name, worker in self._worker_address_to_worker.items():
+                logger.warning(f"ready to unregister model for {name}")
+                await worker.unregister_model(model_type, model_name)
+                logger.warning(f"finish unregister model:{model} for {name}")
+            raise e
+
     @log_async(logger=logger)
     async def unregister_model(self, model_type: str, model_name: str):
         if model_type in self._custom_register_type_to_cls:
@@ -1014,7 +1042,7 @@ class SupervisorActor(xo.StatelessActor):
             )
 
         # search in worker first
-        if not self.is_local_deployment():
+        if not self.is_local_deployment() and worker_ip is None:
             workers = list(self._worker_address_to_worker.values())
             for worker in workers:
                 res = await worker.get_model_registration(model_type, model_name)

xinference/core/worker.py

@@ -827,10 +827,13 @@ class WorkerActor(xo.StatelessActor):
         settings: Optional[VirtualEnvSettings],
         virtual_env_packages: Optional[List[str]],
     ):
-        if not settings or not settings.packages:
+        if (not settings or not settings.packages) and not virtual_env_packages:
             # no settings or no packages
             return
 
+        if settings is None:
+            settings = VirtualEnvSettings(packages=virtual_env_packages)
+
         if settings.inherit_pip_config:
             # inherit pip config
             pip_config = get_pip_config_args()

xinference/deploy/cmdline.py

@@ -1345,6 +1345,8 @@ def model_chat(
                     messages,
                     generate_config={"stream": stream, "max_tokens": max_tokens},
                 ):
+                    if not chunk["choices"]:
+                        continue
                     delta = chunk["choices"][0]["delta"]
                     if "content" not in delta:
                         continue

xinference/deploy/test/test_cmdline.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def test_cmdline(setup, stream, model_uid):
         ],
     )
     assert result.exit_code == 0
-    assert model_uid in result.stdout
+    assert model_uid in result.output
 
     # model generate
     result = runner.invoke(

xinference/model/audio/core.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from .fish_speech import FishSpeechModel
 from .funasr import FunASRModel
 from .kokoro import KokoroModel
 from .kokoro_mlx import KokoroMLXModel
+from .kokoro_zh import KokoroZHModel
 from .megatts import MegaTTSModel
 from .melotts import MeloTTSModel
 from .whisper import WhisperModel
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ def create_audio_model_instance(
     MeloTTSModel,
     KokoroModel,
     KokoroMLXModel,
+    KokoroZHModel,
     MegaTTSModel,
 ]:
     from ..cache_manager import CacheManager
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@ def create_audio_model_instance(
         MeloTTSModel,
         KokoroModel,
         KokoroMLXModel,
+        KokoroZHModel,
         MegaTTSModel,
     ]
     if model_spec.model_family == "whisper":
@@ -183,6 +186,8 @@ def create_audio_model_instance(
         model = MeloTTSModel(model_uid, model_path, model_spec, **kwargs)
     elif model_spec.model_family == "Kokoro":
         model = KokoroModel(model_uid, model_path, model_spec, **kwargs)
+    elif model_spec.model_family == "Kokoro-zh":
+        model = KokoroZHModel(model_uid, model_path, model_spec, **kwargs)
     elif model_spec.model_family == "Kokoro-MLX":
         model = KokoroMLXModel(model_uid, model_path, model_spec, **kwargs)
     elif model_spec.model_family == "MegaTTS":