telugu-language-tools 4.0.2__py3-none-any.whl

telugu_lib/transliterate.py

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+"""
+Telugu Library v2.0 - Comprehensive Transliteration Engine
+===========================================================
+
+Features:
+- Old vs New Telugu Alphabet Support (Classical, Modern, Hybrid)
+- Bidirectional Transliteration (English ↔ Telugu)
+- Semantic Word Mapping (English ↔ Telugu meanings)
+- Universal Search (works for both languages)
+
+Examples:
+    eng_to_telugu("krishna")              → కృష్ణ
+    telugu_to_eng("కృష్ణ")                 → krishna
+    semantic_match("who")                 → ["ఎవరు", "ఎవరో"]
+    eng_to_telugu_with_style("rama", "modern")  → రామ
+    eng_to_telugu_with_style("rama", "classical") → రామ
+"""
+
+# ============================================================================
+# PART 1: ENGLISH → TELUGU TRANSLITERATION
+# ============================================================================
+
+def normalize_roman_input(text: str) -> str:
+    """Normalizes romanized input to a more basic ASCII representation."""
+    replacements = {
+        'ā': 'aa', 'ē': 'ee', 'ī': 'ii', 'ō': 'oo', 'ū': 'uu',
+        'ṁ': 'm', 'ṇ': 'n', 'ḍ': 'd', 'ṭ': 't', 'ś': 'sh',
+        'ṣ': 'sh', 'ṛ': 'ri'
+    }
+    for special, basic in replacements.items():
+        text = text.replace(special, basic)
+    return text
+
+def eng_to_telugu_base(text: str, rules: dict) -> str:
+    """Core transliteration engine with custom rules (pure transliteration only)."""
+    text = normalize_roman_input(text)
+    text = (text or "").lower().strip()
+
+    consonants = rules.get("consonants", {})
+    vowels = rules.get("vowels", {})
+    matras = rules.get("matras", {})
+    clusters = rules.get("clusters", {})
+    strip_final_virama = rules.get("strip_final_virama", True)
+
+    result = []
+    i = 0
+    prev_cons = False
+
+    def emit_consonant(key: str, join_prev=False):
+        nonlocal prev_cons
+        if join_prev and prev_cons:
+            result.append("్")
+        result.append(consonants.get(key, key))
+        prev_cons = True
+
+    while i < len(text):
+        chunk5 = text[i:i+5]
+        chunk4 = text[i:i+4]
+        chunk3 = text[i:i+3]
+        chunk2 = text[i:i+2]
+        single = text[i]
+
+        # NEW: Handle vocalic r (r̥) - detect when 'r' between consonants should be vocalic
+        if prev_cons and single == 'r':
+            # Look ahead: is there a consonant after optional vowel?
+            lookahead = i + 1
+            while lookahead < len(text) and text[lookahead] in 'aeiou':
+                lookahead += 1
+            if lookahead < len(text) and text[lookahead] in 'bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz':
+                # Vocalic r: add ృ after the previous consonant
+                # The ృ suppresses the inherent 'a' of the previous consonant
+                # It doesn't affect the next consonant, so prev_cons stays True
+                result.append("ృ")
+                # Don't reset prev_cons - the next consonant will still have its inherent 'a'
+                i += 1
+                continue
+
+        # Handle 5-letter clusters (krish for కృష్ణ)
+        if chunk5 in clusters:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append("్")
+            for idx, ck in enumerate(clusters[chunk5]):
+                emit_consonant(ck, join_prev=(idx > 0))
+            i += 5
+            continue
+
+        # Handle 4-letter clusters
+        if chunk4 in clusters:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append("్")
+            for idx, ck in enumerate(clusters[chunk4]):
+                emit_consonant(ck, join_prev=(idx > 0))
+            i += 4
+            continue
+
+        # Handle 3-letter clusters
+        if chunk3 in clusters:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append("్")
+            for idx, ck in enumerate(clusters[chunk3]):
+                emit_consonant(ck, join_prev=(idx > 0))
+            i += 3
+            continue
+
+        # Handle 2-letter clusters
+        if chunk2 in clusters:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append("్")
+            for idx, ck in enumerate(clusters[chunk2]):
+                emit_consonant(ck, join_prev=(idx > 0))
+            i += 2
+            continue
+
+        # Handle 2-letter vowels
+        if chunk2 in vowels:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append(matras.get(chunk2, ""))
+                prev_cons = False # A vowel sound has been produced
+            else:
+                result.append(vowels[chunk2])
+                prev_cons = False
+            i += 2
+            continue
+
+        # Handle 2-letter consonants
+        if chunk2 in consonants:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append("్")
+            emit_consonant(chunk2)
+            i += 2
+            continue
+
+        # Single vowel
+        if single in vowels:
+            # Skip single "a" - consonants already have inherent 'a' sound
+            if single == "a" and prev_cons:
+                # 'a' after consonant = inherent vowel (skip)
+                prev_cons = False
+                i += 1
+                continue
+
+            # Special case: if the previous character is ృ, treat this as a standalone vowel
+            # even though prev_cons is True. Also, DON'T reset prev_cons after this vowel
+            is_after_vocalic_r = (result and result[-1] == "ృ")
+
+            # Check if this is a matra (after a consonant) or standalone vowel
+            if prev_cons and not is_after_vocalic_r:
+                # This is a matra
+                result.append(matras.get(single, ""))
+                prev_cons = False # A vowel sound has been produced
+            else:
+                # This is a standalone vowel
+                result.append(vowels[single])
+                # Standalone vowel, so prev_cons becomes False
+                # EXCEPTION: if this vowel comes after ృ, don't reset prev_cons
+                # because ృ doesn't suppress inherent vowels (it only suppresses the vowel of its own consonant)
+                if not is_after_vocalic_r:
+                    prev_cons = False
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Single consonant
+        if single in consonants:
+            if prev_cons:
+                result.append("్")
+            emit_consonant(single)
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Unknown character
+        result.append(single)
+        prev_cons = False
+        i += 1
+
+    if strip_final_virama and result and result[-1] == "్":
+        result.pop()
+
+    return "".join(result)
+
+
+def get_base_consonants(style="modern"):
+    """
+    Get consonant mappings for old vs new style.
+
+    Args:
+        style: "modern" (new) or "classical" (old)
+    """
+
+    # Common consonants in both styles
+    common = {
+        "k": "క", "kh": "ఖ", "g": "గ", "gh": "ఘ",
+        "ch": "చ", "chh": "ఛ", "j": "జ", "jh": "ఝ",
+        "t": "త", "th": "థ", "d": "ద", "dh": "ధ", "n": "న",
+        "tt": "ట", "tth": "ఠ", "dd": "డ", "ddh": "ఢ", "nn": "ణ",
+        "p": "ప", "ph": "ఫ", "b": "బ", "bh": "భ", "m": "మ",
+        "y": "య", "l": "ల", "v": "వ", "w": "వ",
+        "sh": "ష", "shh": "శ", "s": "స", "h": "హ",
+    }
+
+    if style == "classical":
+        # OLD alphabet includes archaic letters
+        return {
+            **common,
+            "r": "ర",
+            "rr": "ఱ",      # Retroflex R (archaic)
+            "ll": "ళ",      # Retroflex L (still used)
+            "lll": "ఴ",     # Voiced retroflex fricative (obsolete)
+            "nga": "ఙ",     # Velar nasal (archaic)
+            "nya": "ఞ",     # Palatal nasal (archaic)
+            "nna": "ణ",     # Retroflex nasal
+        }
+    else:
+        # NEW alphabet (modern/reformed)
+        return {
+            **common,
+            "r": "ర",       # Single R for both
+            "rr": "ర్ర",    # Double R as conjunct
+            "ll": "ళ",      # Retroflex L (retained)
+            "nga": "న",     # Merged with dental N
+            "nya": "న",     # Merged with dental N
+            "nna": "ణ",     # Retroflex nasal (retained)
+        }
+
+
+def get_base_vowels(style="modern"):
+    """Get vowel mappings for old vs new style."""
+
+    common = {
+        "aa": "ఆ", "a": "అ",
+        "ii": "ఈ", "i": "ఇ",
+        "uu": "ఊ", "u": "ఉ",
+        "ai": "ఐ", "au": "ఔ",
+        "am": "ం", "ah": "ః",
+        "ri": "ఋ", "rii": "ౠ",
+    }
+
+    if style == "classical":
+        return {
+            **common,
+            "e": "ఎ",       # Short e
+            "ee": "ఏ",      # Long ē
+            "o": "ఒ",       # Short o
+            "oo": "ఓ",      # Long ō
+            "li": "ౢ",      # Vocalic l̥ (archaic)
+            "lii": "ౣ",     # Vocalic l̥̄ (archaic)
+        }
+    else:
+        return {
+            **common,
+            "e": "ఎ",
+            "ee": "ఏ",
+            "o": "ఒ",
+            "oo": "ఓ",
+            # Archaic vowels dropped
+        }
+
+
+def get_base_matras(style="modern"):
+    """Get matra (vowel sign) mappings."""
+
+    common = {
+        "aa": "ా", "a": "",
+        "ii": "ీ", "i": "ి",
+        "uu": "ూ", "u": "ు",
+        "ee": "ే", "e": "ె",
+        "oo": "ో", "o": "ొ",
+        "ai": "ై", "au": "ౌ",
+        "am": "ం", "ah": "ః",
+        "ri": "ృ", "rii": "ౄ",
+    }
+
+    if style == "classical":
+        return {
+            **common,
+            "li": "ౢ",      # Vocalic l̥ matra (archaic)
+            "lii": "ౣ",     # Vocalic l̥̄ matra (archaic)
+        }
+    else:
+        return common
+
+
+def get_clusters(style="modern"):
+    """Get common consonant clusters."""
+    return {
+        # 4-letter clusters
+        "ksha": ["k", "sh"],
+        "jna": ["j", "n"],
+        "shna": ["sh", "n"],
+        "shra": ["sh", "r"],
+        # 3-letter clusters
+        "bhra": ["bh", "r"],
+        "gva": ["g", "v"],
+        # 2-letter clusters
+        "kr": ["k", "r"],
+        "tr": ["t", "r"],
+        "dr": ["d", "r"],
+        "gr": ["g", "r"],
+        "pr": ["p", "r"],
+        "br": ["b", "r"],
+        "vr": ["v", "r"],
+        "nr": ["n", "r"],
+        "sr": ["s", "r"],
+    }
+
+
+def eng_to_telugu_with_style(text: str, style: str = "modern") -> str:
+    """
+    Transliteration with style selection (Modern vs Classical vs Hybrid).
+    Checks semantic dictionary first, then falls back to transliteration.
+
+    Args:
+        text: English text
+        style: "modern" (default), "classical", or "hybrid"
+
+    Returns:
+        Telugu text using the specified alphabet style
+    """
+    # Input validation
+    if text is None:
+        raise ValueError("Input text cannot be None")
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        raise TypeError(f"Expected str, got {type(text).__name__}")
+    if not text or not text.strip():
+        return ""
+    if len(text) > 10000:
+        raise ValueError("Input text too long (max 10000 characters)")
+    
+    # 1. NEW: Check semantic dictionary first for known words
+    norm_text = normalize_for_matching(text)
+    forward_dict = get_semantic_dictionary()
+
+    if norm_text in forward_dict:
+        # Found a known word. Return its first meaning.
+        return forward_dict[norm_text][0]
+
+    # 2. No match found. Fallback to pure transliteration.
+    rules = {
+        "consonants": get_base_consonants(style if style in ["modern", "classical", "hybrid"] else "modern"),
+        "vowels": get_base_vowels(style if style in ["modern", "classical", "hybrid"] else "modern"),
+        "matras": get_base_matras(style if style in ["modern", "classical", "hybrid"] else "modern"),
+        "clusters": get_clusters("modern"),
+        "strip_final_virama": True if style in ["modern", "hybrid"] else False,
+    }
+    return eng_to_telugu_base(text, rules)
+
+
+def eng_to_telugu_old_new_options(text: str) -> list:
+    """
+    Generate transliteration options using OLD vs NEW alphabet styles.
+
+    Args:
+        text: English text to transliterate
+
+    Returns:
+        List of tuples: [(telugu_text, style_description), ...]
+    """
+
+    options = []
+
+    # Style 1: MODERN (New Telugu)
+    modern_rules = {
+        "consonants": get_base_consonants("modern"),
+        "vowels": get_base_vowels("modern"),
+        "matras": get_base_matras("modern"),
+        "clusters": get_clusters("modern"),
+        "strip_final_virama": True,
+    }
+    modern = eng_to_telugu_base(text, modern_rules)
+    options.append((modern, "Modern Telugu (Reformed)"))
+
+    # Style 2: CLASSICAL (Old Telugu)
+    classical_rules = {
+        "consonants": get_base_consonants("classical"),
+        "vowels": get_base_vowels("classical"),
+        "matras": get_base_matras("classical"),
+        "clusters": get_clusters("classical"),
+        "strip_final_virama": False,  # Old style kept virama
+    }
+    classical = eng_to_telugu_base(text, classical_rules)
+    options.append((classical, "Classical Telugu (Pre-reform)"))
+
+    # Style 3: HYBRID (some old, some new)
+    hybrid_rules = {
+        "consonants": {**get_base_consonants("modern"), "rr": "ఱ", "ll": "ళ"},
+        "vowels": get_base_vowels("modern"),
+        "matras": get_base_matras("modern"),
+        "clusters": get_clusters("modern"),
+        "strip_final_virama": True,
+    }
+    hybrid = eng_to_telugu_base(text, hybrid_rules)
+    options.append((hybrid, "Hybrid (Modern with some archaic letters)"))
+
+    # Remove duplicates
+    seen = set()
+    unique_options = []
+    for telugu, desc in options:
+        if telugu not in seen:
+            unique_options.append((telugu, desc))
+            seen.add(telugu)
+
+    return unique_options
+
+
+def compare_old_new_alphabets():
+    """
+    Display comparison table of OLD vs NEW Telugu alphabets.
+    """
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
+    print("OLD vs NEW TELUGU ALPHABET COMPARISON")
+    print("=" * 80)
+
+    comparisons = [
+        ("Letter", "Old (Classical)", "New (Modern)", "Status", "Notes"),
+        ("-" * 15, "-" * 20, "-" * 20, "-" * 12, "-" * 30),
+
+        # Vowels
+        ("a", "అ", "అ", "Unchanged", "Short vowel"),
+        ("ā", "ఆ", "ఆ", "Unchanged", "Long vowel"),
+        ("i", "ఇ", "ఇ", "Unchanged", "Short vowel"),
+        ("ī", "ఈ", "ఈ", "Unchanged", "Long vowel"),
+        ("u", "ఉ", "ఉ", "Unchanged", "Short vowel"),
+        ("ū", "ఊ", "ఊ", "Unchanged", "Long vowel"),
+        ("r̥", "ఋ", "ఋ", "Unchanged", "Vocalic R"),
+        ("l̥", "ౢ", "(obsolete)", "Removed", "Vocalic L - archaic"),
+        ("e", "ఎ", "ఎ", "Unchanged", "Short E"),
+        ("ē", "ఏ", "ఏ", "Unchanged", "Long E"),
+        ("ai", "ఐ", "ఐ", "Unchanged", "Diphthong"),
+        ("o", "ఒ", "ఒ", "Unchanged", "Short O"),
+        ("ō", "ఓ", "ఓ", "Unchanged", "Long O"),
+        ("au", "ఔ", "ఔ", "Unchanged", "Diphthong"),
+
+        ("", "", "", "", ""),
+
+        # Consonants
+        ("ka", "క", "క", "Unchanged", "Velar"),
+        ("ṅa", "ఙ", "(merged→న)", "Rare", "Velar nasal"),
+        ("cha", "చ", "చ", "Unchanged", "Palatal"),
+        ("ña", "ఞ", "(merged→న)", "Rare", "Palatal nasal"),
+        ("ṭa", "ట", "ట", "Unchanged", "Retroflex"),
+        ("ṇa", "ణ", "ణ", "Unchanged", "Retroflex nasal"),
+        ("ta", "త", "త", "Unchanged", "Dental"),
+        ("na", "న", "న", "Unchanged", "Dental nasal"),
+        ("pa", "ప", "ప", "Unchanged", "Labial"),
+        ("ya", "య", "య", "Unchanged", "Semivowel"),
+        ("ra", "ర", "ర", "Unchanged", "Alveolar"),
+        ("ṟa", "ఱ", "(rare)", "Archaic", "Retroflex R"),
+        ("la", "ల", "ల", "Unchanged", "Dental lateral"),
+        ("ḷa", "ళ", "ళ", "Unchanged", "Retroflex lateral"),
+        ("ḻa", "ఴ", "(obsolete)", "Removed", "Fricative - Tamil loan"),
+        ("va", "వ", "వ", "Unchanged", "Labial"),
+        ("śa", "శ", "శ", "Unchanged", "Palatal sibilant"),
+        ("ṣa", "ష", "ష", "Unchanged", "Retroflex sibilant"),
+        ("sa", "స", "స", "Unchanged", "Dental sibilant"),
+        ("ha", "హ", "హ", "Unchanged", "Glottal"),
+    ]
+
+    for row in comparisons:
+        print(f"{row[0]:15} {row[1]:20} {row[2]:20} {row[3]:12} {row[4]:30}")
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
+    print("SUMMARY:")
+    print("  • Modern Telugu has 56 letters (16 vowels + 36 consonants + 4 modifiers)")
+    print("  • Classical Telugu had ~60+ letters including archaic forms")
+    print("  • Letters ఱ (ṟa), ఴ (ḻa), ౘ, ౙ, ౚ are now obsolete or very rare")
+    print("  • Nasals ఙ (ṅa) and ఞ (ña) mostly merged into న (na) in modern usage")
+    print("=" * 80 + "\n")
+
+
+# Main function for backwards compatibility (v0.9)
+def eng_to_telugu(text: str, strip_final_virama: bool = True) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean & Extended Telugu Transliteration Engine (BUG-FIXED v0.9)
+    Maintained for backwards compatibility with v0.9.
+    Checks semantic dictionary first, then falls back to pure transliteration.
+
+    ✅ Fixed: Added 2-letter cluster checking
+    ✅ Fixed: Consistent cluster definitions (no vowels in cluster names)
+    ✅ Fixed: Proper processing order (clusters before vowels)
+    ✅ Fixed: Comprehensive cluster coverage (2-letter, 3-letter, 4-letter)
+    ✅ Includes major clusters (kr, tr, dr, bhra, gva, ksha, jna, shra, shna)
+    ✅ Smart virama handling between consonants
+    ✅ Correct vowel matras after clusters
+    ✅ Optional strip_final_virama for smooth ending
+    ✅ Semantic dictionary integration for known words
+
+    Example:
+        eng_to_telugu("krishna")   → కృష్ణ
+        eng_to_telugu("bhagvaan")  → భగవాన్
+        eng_to_telugu("karthik")   → కార్తిక్
+    """
+    # 1. Check semantic dictionary first for known words
+    norm_text = normalize_for_matching(text)
+    forward_dict = get_semantic_dictionary()
+
+    if norm_text in forward_dict:
+        # Found a known word. Return its first meaning.
+        return forward_dict[norm_text][0]
+
+    # 2. No match found. Fallback to pure transliteration.
+
+    consonants = {
+        "k": "క", "kh": "ఖ", "g": "గ", "gh": "ఘ",
+        "ch": "చ", "jh": "ఝ", "j": "జ",
+        "t": "త", "th": "థ", "d": "ద", "dh": "ధ",
+        "n": "న", "p": "ప", "ph": "ఫ", "b": "బ", "bh": "భ", "m": "మ",
+        "y": "య", "r": "ర", "l": "ల", "v": "వ", "w": "వ",
+        "sh": "ష", "s": "స", "h": "హ",
+    }
+
+    vowels = {
+        "aa": "ఆ", "a": "అ", "ii": "ఈ", "i": "ఇ",
+        "uu": "ఊ", "u": "ఉ", "ee": "ఏ", "e": "ఎ",
+        "oo": "ఓ", "o": "ఒ", "ai": "ఐ", "au": "ఔ",
+        "am": "ం", "ah": "ః",
+    }
+
+    matras = {
+        "aa": "ా", "a": "", "ii": "ీ", "i": "ి",
+        "uu": "ూ", "u": "ు", "ee": "ే", "e": "ె",
+        "oo": "ో", "o": "ొ", "ai": "ై", "au": "ౌ",
+        "am": "ం", "ah": "ః",
+    }
+
+    # Extended clusters - BUG FIX: Consistent definitions (no vowels in names)
+    clusters = {
+        # 4-letter clusters
+        "ksha": ["k", "sh"],
+        "jna": ["j", "n"],
+        "shna": ["sh", "n"],
+        "shra": ["sh", "r"],
+        # 3-letter clusters
+        "bhra": ["bh", "r"],
+        "gva": ["g", "v"],
+        # 2-letter clusters
+        "kr": ["k", "r"],
+        "tr": ["t", "r"],
+        "dr": ["d", "r"],
+        "gr": ["g", "r"],
+        "pr": ["p", "r"],
+        "br": ["b", "r"],
+        "vr": ["v", "r"],
+        "nr": ["n", "r"],
+        "sr": ["s", "r"],
+    }
+
+    rules = {
+        "consonants": consonants,
+        "vowels": vowels,
+        "matras": matras,
+        "clusters": clusters,
+        "strip_final_virama": strip_final_virama,
+    }
+
+    return eng_to_telugu_base(text, rules)
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# PART 2: TELUGU → ENGLISH TRANSLITERATION
+# ============================================================================
+
+def telugu_to_eng(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert Telugu script to English transliteration.
+
+    Example:
+        ఎవరు → evaru
+        కృష్ణ → krishna
+        రామ → rama
+    """
+    # Input validation
+    if text is None:
+        raise ValueError("Input text cannot be None")
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        raise TypeError(f"Expected str, got {type(text).__name__}")
+    if not text or not text.strip():
+        return ""
+    if len(text) > 10000:
+        raise ValueError("Input text too long (max 10000 characters)")
+
+    # Reverse mapping: Telugu → English
+    reverse_vowels = {
+        "అ": "a", "ఆ": "aa", "ఇ": "i", "ఈ": "ii",
+        "ఉ": "u", "ఊ": "uu", "ఋ": "ri", "ౠ": "rii",
+        "ఎ": "e", "ఏ": "ee", "ఐ": "ai",
+        "ఒ": "o", "ఓ": "oo", "ఔ": "au",
+        "ం": "m", "ః": "h",
+    }
+
+    reverse_consonants = {
+        "క": "k", "ఖ": "kh", "గ": "g", "ఘ": "gh", "ఙ": "ng",
+        "చ": "ch", "ఛ": "chh", "జ": "j", "ఝ": "jh", "ఞ": "ny",
+        "ట": "tt", "ఠ": "tth", "డ": "dd", "ఢ": "ddh", "ణ": "nn",
+        "త": "t", "థ": "th", "ద": "d", "ధ": "dh", "న": "n",
+        "ప": "p", "ఫ": "ph", "బ": "b", "భ": "bh", "మ": "m",
+        "య": "y", "ర": "r", "ల": "l", "ళ": "ll", "వ": "v",
+        "శ": "sh", "ష": "sh", "స": "s", "హ": "h",
+    }
+
+    reverse_matras = {
+        "ా": "aa", "ి": "i", "ీ": "ii", "ు": "u", "ూ": "uu",
+        "ృ": "ri", "ౄ": "rii", "ె": "e", "ే": "ee",
+        "ై": "ai", "ొ": "o", "ో": "oo", "ౌ": "au",
+    }
+
+    result = []
+    i = 0
+    prev_was_consonant = False
+
+    while i < len(text):
+        char = text[i]
+
+        # Check for virama (halant)
+        if char == "్":
+            # Just mark that we had a virama
+            # The inherent 'a' will not be added because consonants are base form (no 'a')
+            prev_was_consonant = True
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Check for consonant
+        if char in reverse_consonants:
+            base = reverse_consonants[char]
+
+            # Add inherent vowel 'a' only if NOT after a consonant (with or without virama)
+            if not prev_was_consonant:
+                base = base + "a"
+
+            result.append(base)
+            prev_was_consonant = True
+            i += 1
+
+            # Check for following matra
+            if i < len(text) and text[i] in reverse_matras:
+                # Matra replaces the inherent vowel
+                matra = reverse_matras[text[i]]
+                result[-1] = result[-1][:-1] + matra  # Remove 'a' and add matra
+                i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Check for standalone vowel
+        if char in reverse_vowels:
+            result.append(reverse_vowels[char])
+            prev_was_consonant = False
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Unknown character (space, punctuation, etc.)
+        result.append(char)
+        prev_was_consonant = False
+        i += 1
+
+    return "".join(result)
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# PART 3: SEMANTIC WORD MAPPING (English ↔ Telugu)
+# ============================================================================
+
+def get_semantic_dictionary():
+    """
+    Dictionary of English words and their Telugu equivalents.
+    Format: {english: [telugu1, telugu2, ...], ...}
+    """
+    return {
+        # Questions
+        "who": ["ఎవరు", "ఎవరో"],
+        "what": ["ఏమి", "ఏమిటి", "ఎం"],
+        "when": ["ఎప్పుడు", "ఎప్పుడో"],
+        "where": ["ఎక్కడ", "ఎక్కడో"],
+        "why": ["ఎందుకు", "ఎందుకో"],
+        "how": ["ఎలా", "ఎలాగ"],
+        "which": ["ఏది", "ఏ"],
+
+        # Common words
+        "yes": ["అవును", "అవునండి", "ఔను"],
+        "no": ["కాదు", "లేదు"],
+        "hello": ["హలో", "నమస్కారం", "వందనం"],
+        "thank": ["ధన్యవాదాలు", "కృతజ్ఞతలు"],
+        "please": ["దయచేసి", "చేయండి"],
+        "sorry": ["క్షమించండి", "సారీ"],
+
+        # Names (common)
+        "rama": ["రామ", "రాముడు"],
+        "raama": ["రామ"],  # Alternative spelling
+        "krishna": ["కృష్ణ", "కృష్ణుడు"],
+        "sita": ["సీత"],
+        "lakshmi": ["లక్ష్మి"],
+        "venkatesh": ["వెంకటేశ్", "వెంకటేశ్వర"],
+        "narayana": ["నారాయణ"],
+
+        # Family
+        "mother": ["అమ్మ", "తల్లి"],
+        "father": ["నాన్న", "తండ్రి"],
+        "brother": ["అన్న", "తమ్ముడు"],
+        "sister": ["అక్క", "చెల్లి"],
+        "son": ["మగవాడు", "కొడుకు"],
+        "daughter": ["అమ్మాయి", "కూతురు"],
+        "uncle": ["చిన్నాన్న", "పెదనాన్న"],
+        "aunt": ["పిన్ని", "పెద్దనాన్న"],
+
+        # Numbers
+        "one": ["ఒకటి"],
+        "two": ["రెండు"],
+        "three": ["మూడు"],
+        "four": ["నాలుగు"],
+        "five": ["ఐదు"],
+        "six": ["ఆరు"],
+        "seven": ["ఏడు"],
+        "eight": ["ఎనిమిది"],
+        "nine": ["తొమ్మిది"],
+        "ten": ["పది"],
+
+        # Colors
+        "red": ["ఎర్ర"],
+        "blue": ["నీలం"],
+        "green": ["పచ్చ"],
+        "yellow": ["పసుపు"],
+        "white": ["తెలుపు"],
+        "black": ["నలుపు"],
+
+        # Days
+        "monday": ["సోమవారం"],
+        "tuesday": ["మంగళవారం"],
+        "wednesday": ["బుధవారం"],
+        "thursday": ["గురువారం"],
+        "friday": ["శుక్రవారం"],
+        "saturday": ["శనివారం"],
+        "sunday": ["ఆదివారం"],
+    }
+
+
+def get_reverse_semantic_dictionary():
+    """Create reverse mapping: Telugu → English."""
+    forward = get_semantic_dictionary()
+    reverse = {}
+
+    for eng, tel_list in forward.items():
+        for tel in tel_list:
+            if tel not in reverse:
+                reverse[tel] = []
+            reverse[tel].append(eng)
+
+    return reverse
+
+
+def normalize_for_matching(text: str) -> str:
+    """Normalize text for semantic matching."""
+    return text.lower().strip()
+
+
+def semantic_match(text: str) -> dict:
+    """
+    Find semantic matches for input text (works both ways).
+
+    Returns:
+        {
+            'input': original_text,
+            'detected_language': 'english' or 'telugu',
+            'matches': [list of matching words],
+            'transliteration': transliterated version
+        }
+    """
+    text_norm = normalize_for_matching(text)
+
+    # Check if input is Telugu
+    is_telugu = any('\u0C00' <= ch <= '\u0C7F' for ch in text)
+
+    if is_telugu:
+        # Telugu → English
+        reverse_dict = get_reverse_semantic_dictionary()
+        matches = reverse_dict.get(text_norm, [])
+        transliteration = telugu_to_eng(text_norm)
+
+        return {
+            'input': text,
+            'detected_language': 'telugu',
+            'matches': matches,
+            'transliteration': transliteration,
+        }
+    else:
+        # English → Telugu
+        forward_dict = get_semantic_dictionary()
+        matches = forward_dict.get(text_norm, [])
+        transliteration = eng_to_telugu(text_norm)
+
+        return {
+            'input': text,
+            'detected_language': 'english',
+            'matches': matches if matches else [transliteration],
+            'transliteration': transliteration,
+        }
+
+
+def bidirectional_search(query: str) -> list:
+    """
+    Search that works for both English and Telugu input.
+    Returns all related words in both languages.
+
+    Example:
+        bidirectional_search("who") → [
+            ("English", "who"),
+            ("Telugu", "ఎవరు"),
+            ("Telugu", "ఎవరో"),
+            ("Transliteration", "evaru"),
+        ]
+    """
+    result_data = semantic_match(query)
+    results = []
+
+    if result_data['detected_language'] == 'english':
+        # Input was English
+        results.append(("English", result_data['input']))
+        for match in result_data['matches']:
+            results.append(("Telugu", match))
+            results.append(("Transliteration", telugu_to_eng(match)))
+    else:
+        # Input was Telugu
+        results.append(("Telugu", result_data['input']))
+        results.append(("Transliteration", result_data['transliteration']))
+        for match in result_data['matches']:
+            results.append(("English", match))
+
+    # Remove duplicates while preserving order
+    seen = set()
+    unique_results = []
+    for lang, word in results:
+        if (lang, word) not in seen:
+            unique_results.append((lang, word))
+            seen.add((lang, word))
+
+    return unique_results
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# PART 4: SENTENCE HANDLING
+# ============================================================================
+
+def eng_to_telugu_sentence(sentence: str, style: str = "modern") -> str:
+    """
+    Transliterate a complete sentence (multiple words).
+    Checks semantic dictionary first, then falls back to transliteration.
+    Preserves punctuation and special characters.
+
+    Args:
+        sentence: English sentence to transliterate
+        style: Alphabet style ("modern", "classical", or "hybrid")
+
+    Returns:
+        Telugu sentence with spaces and punctuation preserved
+
+    Example:
+        eng_to_telugu_sentence("hello world")  # "హలో వర్ల్ద"
+        eng_to_telugu_sentence("who is rama")  # "ఎవరు ఇస్ రామ"
+        eng_to_telugu_sentence("Who is Krishna?")  # "ఎవరు ఇస్ కృష్ణ?"
+    """
+    import re
+
+    forward_dict = get_semantic_dictionary()
+
+    # Tokenize preserving punctuation and spaces
+    # Unicode-aware pattern: Telugu block, English words, spaces, punctuation
+    tokens = re.findall(r'[\u0C00-\u0C7F]+|[a-zA-Z]+|\s+|[^\w\s]', sentence, flags=re.UNICODE)
+    result = []
+
+    for token in tokens:
+        if any('\u0C00' <= c <= '\u0C7F' for c in token):
+            # Already Telugu
+            result.append(token)
+        elif token.isalnum():
+            # Check semantic dictionary
+            norm = normalize_for_matching(token)
+            if norm in forward_dict:
+                result.append(forward_dict[norm][0])
+            else:
+                result.append(eng_to_telugu_with_style(token, style))
+        else:
+            # Space, punctuation, or special character
+            result.append(token)
+
+    return "".join(result)
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# PART 5: WORD VARIATIONS
+# ============================================================================
+
+def generate_word_variations(word: str) -> list:
+    """
+    Generate spelling variations for a given Telugu word.
+
+    Args:
+        word: The Telugu word to generate variations for.
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of possible spelling variations.
+    """
+    import itertools
+
+    rules = {
+        'ా': ['', 'ె'],
+        'ట': ['ట్ట', 'త', 'త్త'],
+        'ర': ['ర్'],
+        'డ': ['డ్డ'],
+        'క': ['క్క'],
+        'ప': ['ప్ప'],
+        'త': ['త్త'],
+        'చ': ['చ్చ'],
+        'ల': ['ల్ల'],
+        'మ': ['మ్మ'],
+        'వ': ['వ్వ'],
+        'గ': ['గ్గ'],
+        'బ': ['బ్బ'],
+        'స': ['స్స'],
+    }
+
+    variations = {word}
+    for i, char in enumerate(word):
+        if char in rules:
+            for replacement in rules[char]:
+                new_word = word[:i] + replacement + word[i+1:]
+                variations.add(new_word)
+
+    # Generate combinations of variations
+    # This can be computationally expensive, so we will limit the depth
+    # For now, we will just do one level of replacement
+    
+    return sorted(list(variations))
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# MAIN - QUICK TEST
+# ============================================================================
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("=" * 80)
+    print("TELUGU LIBRARY v2.0 - QUICK TEST")
+    print("=" * 80)
+
+    samples = ["rama", "krishna", "bhagvaan", "who", "ఎవరు", "hello", "హలో"]
+
+    print("\n1. Basic Transliteration:")
+    for sample in samples:
+        if any('\u0C00' <= ch <= '\u0C7F' for ch in sample):
+            # Telugu input
+            eng = telugu_to_eng(sample)
+            print(f"  Telugu: {sample:15} → English: {eng}")
+        else:
+            # English input
+            tel = eng_to_telugu(sample)
+            print(f"  English: {sample:15} → Telugu: {tel}")
+
+    print("\n2. Semantic Matching:")
+    for sample in ["who", "ఎవరు", "mother", "అమ్మ"]:
+        result = semantic_match(sample)
+        print(f"  Input: {sample:15}")
+        print(f"    Language: {result['detected_language']}")
+        print(f"    Matches: {result['matches']}")
+
+    print("\n3. Sentence Transliteration:")
+    sentences = [
+        "hello world",
+        "who is rama",
+        "thank you",
+    ]
+    for sent in sentences:
+        telugu = eng_to_telugu_sentence(sent)
+        print(f"  English: {sent:20} → Telugu: {telugu}")
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 80)
+    print("Test complete!")
+    print("=" * 80)