structurize 2.16.2__py3-none-any.whl → 2.16.6__py3-none-any.whl

avrotize/xsdtoavro.py

@@ -1,413 +1,413 @@
-# pylint: disable=line-too-long, consider-iterating-dictionary, too-many-locals, too-many-branches
-
-"""Converts XSD to Avro schema."""
-
-import os
-import re
-from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
-import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
-import json
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
-from avrotize.common import avro_namespace, generic_type
-
-from avrotize.dependency_resolver import inline_dependencies_of, sort_messages_by_dependencies
-
-XSD_NAMESPACE = 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
-
-
-class XSDToAvro:
-    """ Convert XSD to Avro schema."""
-
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        """ Initialize the class. """
-        self.simple_type_map: Dict[str, str | dict] = {}
-        self.avro_namespace = ''
-        self.xml_namespace = ''
-
-    def xsd_targetnamespace_to_avro_namespace(self, targetnamespace: str) -> str:
-        """Convert a XSD namespace to Avro Namespace."""
-        parsed_url = urlparse(targetnamespace)
-        if parsed_url.scheme == 'urn':
-            path_segments = parsed_url.path.strip(
-                ':').replace('.', '-').split(':')
-            # join all path segments that start with a number with the previous one
-            new_path_segments: List[str] = []
-            n = len(path_segments)
-            for i in range(n):
-                if path_segments[i][0].isdigit():
-                    if i == 0:
-                        new_path_segments.append('_'+path_segments[i])
-                    else:
-                        new_path_segments[-1] = f"{new_path_segments[-1]}-{path_segments[i]}"
-                else:
-                    new_path_segments.append(path_segments[i])
-            path_segments = new_path_segments
-        else:
-            path_segments = parsed_url.path.strip('/').split('/')
-            path_segments = list(reversed(path_segments))
-        namespace_prefix = '.'.join(path_segments)
-        if parsed_url.hostname:
-            namespace_suffix = parsed_url.hostname
-            namespace = f"{namespace_prefix}.{namespace_suffix}"
-        else:
-            namespace = namespace_prefix
-        return avro_namespace(namespace)
-
-    def xsd_to_avro_type(self, xsd_type: str, namespaces: dict):
-        """Convert a XSD type to an Avro type."""
-        if xsd_type in self.simple_type_map:
-            return self.simple_type_map[xsd_type]
-
-        # split the type on the first colon
-        if ':' not in xsd_type:
-            type_name = xsd_type
-            prefix = ''
-        else:
-            prefix, type_name = xsd_type.split(':', 1)
-            if not type_name:
-                type_name = prefix
-                prefix = ''
-        # find the namespace for the prefix
-        ns = namespaces.get(XSD_NAMESPACE, '')
-        if ns == prefix:
-            base_type_map = {
-                'string': 'string',
-                'int': 'int',
-                'integer': 'int',
-                'long': 'long',
-                'short': 'int',
-                'decimal': {'type': 'bytes', 'logicalType': 'decimal', 'precision': 32, 'scale': 6},
-                'float': 'float',
-                'double': 'double',
-                'boolean': 'boolean',
-                'byte': 'int',
-                'date': {'type': 'int', 'logicalType': 'date'},
-                'dateTime': {'type': 'long', 'logicalType': 'timestamp-millis'},
-                'time': {'type': 'int', 'logicalType': 'time-millis'},
-                'duration': {'type': 'int', 'logicalType': 'duration'},
-                'gYear': {'type': 'string'},
-                'gYearMonth': {'type': 'string'},
-                'gMonth': {'type': 'string'},
-                'gMonthDay': {'type': 'string'},
-                'gDay': {'type': 'string'},
-                'nonNegativeInteger': 'int',
-                'positiveInteger': 'int',
-                'unsignedInt': 'int',
-                'unsignedShort': 'int',
-                'unsignedByte': 'int',
-                'unsignedLong': 'long',
-                'yearMonthDuration': {'type': 'string', 'logicalType': 'duration'},
-                'dayTimeDuration': {'type': 'string', 'logicalType': 'duration'},
-                'dateTimeStamp': {'type': 'long', 'logicalType': 'timestamp-millis'},
-                'hexBinary': 'bytes',
-                'base64Binary': 'bytes',
-                'anyURI': 'string',
-                'normalizedString': 'string',
-                'token': 'string',
-                'language': 'string',
-                'Name': 'string',
-                'NCName': 'string',
-                'ENTITY': 'string',
-                'ENTITIES': 'string',
-                'ID': 'string',
-                'IDREF': 'string',
-                'IDREFS': 'string',
-                'NMTOKEN': 'string',
-                'NMTOKENS': 'string',
-                'QName': 'string',
-                'NOTATION': 'string'
-            }
-            return base_type_map.get(type_name, self.avro_namespace+'.'+type_name)
-        else:
-            return self.avro_namespace+'.'+type_name
-
-    def process_element(self, element: ET.Element, namespaces: dict, dependencies: list):
-        """Process an element in the XSD schema."""
-        name = element.get('name')
-        type_value = element.get('type', '')
-        if type_value:
-            avro_type = self.xsd_to_avro_type(type_value, namespaces)
-            if not type_value.startswith(f'{namespaces[XSD_NAMESPACE]}:') and type_value not in self.simple_type_map.keys():
-                dependencies.append(avro_type if isinstance(
-                    avro_type, str) else avro_type.get('namespace')+'.'+avro_type.get('name'))
-                dependencies = list(set(dependencies))
-        else:
-            complex_type = element.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}complexType', namespaces)
-            if complex_type is not None:
-                complex_type.set('name', name)
-                avro_type = self.process_complex_type(complex_type, namespaces)
-            else:
-                simple_type = element.find(
-                    f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}simpleType', namespaces)
-                if simple_type is not None:
-                    add_to_schema, simple_type_type = self.process_simple_type(
-                        simple_type, namespaces)
-                    if add_to_schema:
-                        avro_type = simple_type_type
-                    else:
-                        avro_type = self.simple_type_map[name]
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError('element must have a type or complexType')
-
-        max_occurs = element.get('maxOccurs')
-        if max_occurs is not None and max_occurs != '1':
-            avro_type = {'type': 'array', 'items': avro_type}
-        min_occurs = element.get('minOccurs')
-        if min_occurs is not None and min_occurs == '0':
-            avro_type = ['null', avro_type]
-        avro_field = {'name': name, 'type': avro_type}
-        annotation = element.find(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
-        if annotation is not None:
-            documentation = annotation.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
-            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
-                avro_field['doc'] = documentation.text.strip()
-        return avro_field
-
-    def process_complex_type(self, complex_type: ET.Element, namespaces: dict) -> dict | str:
-        """ Process a complex type in the XSD schema."""
-        dependencies: List[str] = []
-        avro_type: dict = {
-            'type': 'record',
-            'name': complex_type.attrib.get('name'),
-            'namespace': self.avro_namespace,
-            'fields': []
-        }
-        avro_doc = ''
-        annotation = complex_type.find(
-            f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
-        if annotation is not None:
-            documentation = annotation.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
-            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
-                avro_doc = documentation.text.strip()
-                avro_type['doc'] = avro_doc
-        fields = []
-        for sequence in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}sequence', namespaces):
-            for el in sequence.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces):
-                field = self.process_element(el, namespaces, dependencies)
-                field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
-                fields.append(field)
-            if sequence.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}any', namespaces):
-                fields.append({"name": "any", "xmlkind": "any", "type": generic_type()})
-        for all_types in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}all', namespaces):
-            for el in all_types.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces):
-                field = self.process_element(el, namespaces, dependencies)
-                field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
-                fields.append(field)
-        for choice in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}choice', namespaces):
-            choices: list = []
-            for el in choice.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces):
-                deps: List[str] = []
-                choice_field = self.process_element(el, namespaces, deps)
-                choice_field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
-                choice_record = {
-                    'type': 'record',
-                    'name': f'{complex_type.attrib.get("name")}_{choice_field["name"]}',
-                    'fields': [choice_field],
-                    'namespace': self.avro_namespace
-                }
-                if avro_doc:
-                    choice_record['doc'] = avro_doc
-                choices.append(choice_record)
-                dependencies.extend(deps)
-                dependencies = list(set(dependencies))
-            choices_field = {
-                'name': f'{complex_type.attrib.get("name")}',
-                'type': choices
-            }
-            fields.append(choices_field)
-        for attribute in complex_type.findall(f'.{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}attribute', namespaces):
-            field = self.process_element(attribute, namespaces, dependencies)
-            field['xmlkind'] = 'attribute'
-            fields.append(field)
-        for el in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}simpleContent', namespaces):
-            simple_content = el.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}extension', namespaces)
-            if simple_content is not None:
-                base_type = simple_content.attrib.get('base')
-                if base_type:
-                    fields.append(
-                        {"name": "value", "type": self.xsd_to_avro_type(base_type, namespaces)})
-                    for se in simple_content.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}attribute', namespaces):
-                        field = self.process_element(se, namespaces, dependencies)
-                        field['xmlkind'] = 'attribute'
-                        fields.append(field)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError("No base found in simpleContent")
-
-        avro_type['fields'] = fields
-        if dependencies:
-            avro_type['dependencies'] = dependencies
-        return avro_type
-
-    def process_simple_type(self, simple_type: ET.Element, namespaces: dict) -> Tuple[bool, dict | str]:
-        """ Process a simple type in the XSD schema. """
-        type_name = simple_type.attrib.get('name')
-        if not type_name:
-            raise ValueError("SimpleType must have a name")
-        avro_doc = ''
-        annotation = simple_type.find(
-            f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
-        if annotation is not None:
-            documentation = annotation.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
-            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
-                avro_doc = documentation.text.strip()
-
-        for restriction in simple_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}restriction', namespaces):
-            base_type = restriction.get('base')
-            enums: List[str] = [el.attrib.get('value', 'Empty') for el in restriction.findall(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}enumeration', namespaces)]
-            # if any of the enum entries start with a digit, we need to prefix the entry with _
-            if enums:
-                for i, enum in enumerate(enums):
-                    if enums[i][0].isdigit():
-                        enums[i] = '_'+enum
-                enum_type = {
-                    'type': 'enum',
-                    'name': simple_type.attrib.get('name'),
-                    'namespace': self.avro_namespace,
-                    'symbols': enums
-                }
-                if avro_doc:
-                    enum_type['doc'] = avro_doc
-                return True, enum_type
-            elif base_type:
-                # if the baseType is a decimal, get the precision and scale sub-element value attributes to set the logicalType
-                if base_type == namespaces[XSD_NAMESPACE]+':'+'decimal':
-                    precision = restriction.find(
-                        f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}totalDigits', namespaces)
-                    scale = restriction.find(
-                        f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}fractionDigits', namespaces)
-                    logical_type = {
-                        'type': 'bytes',
-                        'logicalType': 'decimal',
-                        'precision': int(precision.attrib.get('value', 32)) if isinstance(precision, ET.Element) else 32,
-                        'scale': int(scale.attrib.get('value', 6)) if isinstance(scale, ET.Element) else 6,
-                    }
-                    if avro_doc:
-                        logical_type['doc'] = avro_doc
-                    self.simple_type_map[type_name] = logical_type
-                    return False, logical_type
-                else:
-                    self.simple_type_map[type_name] = self.xsd_to_avro_type(
-                        base_type, namespaces)
-                    return False, self.simple_type_map[type_name]
-        raise ValueError("No content found in simple type")
-
-    def process_top_level_element(self, element: ET.Element, namespaces: dict):
-        """ Process a top level element in the XSD schema. """
-        dependencies: List[str] = []
-        avro_type: dict = {
-            'type': 'record',
-            'name': 'Root',
-            'namespace': self.avro_namespace,
-            'xmlns': self.xml_namespace,
-            'fields': []
-        }
-        annotation = element.find(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
-        if annotation is not None:
-            documentation = annotation.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
-            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
-                avro_type['doc'] = documentation.text.strip()
-
-        if 'type' in element.attrib:
-            field = self.process_element(element, namespaces, dependencies)
-            field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
-            avro_type['fields'].append(field)
-            if dependencies:
-                avro_type['dependencies'] = dependencies
-            return avro_type
-        else:
-            complex_type = element.find(
-                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}complexType', namespaces)
-            if complex_type is None:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    'top level element must have a type or be complexType')
-            complex_type.set('name', element.get('name', ''))
-            avro_complex_type = self.process_complex_type(
-                complex_type, namespaces)
-            return avro_complex_type
-
-    def extract_xml_namespaces(self, xml_str: str):
-        """ Extract XML namespaces from an XML string."""
-        # This regex finds all xmlns:prefix="uri" declarations
-        pattern = re.compile(r'xmlns:([\w]+)="([^"]+)"')
-        namespaces = {m.group(2): m.group(1)
-                      for m in pattern.finditer(xml_str)}
-        return namespaces
-
-    def xsd_to_avro(self, xsd_path: str, code_namespace: str | None = None):
-        """ Convert XSD to Avro schema. """
-        # load the XSD file into a string
-        with open(xsd_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-            xsd = f.read()
-
-        namespaces = self.extract_xml_namespaces(xsd)
-        root = ET.fromstring(xsd)
-        target_namespace = root.get('targetNamespace')
-        if target_namespace is None:
-            raise ValueError('targetNamespace not found')
-        self.xml_namespace = target_namespace
-        if not code_namespace:
-            self.avro_namespace = self.xsd_targetnamespace_to_avro_namespace(target_namespace)
-        else:
-            self.avro_namespace = code_namespace
-        ET.register_namespace(namespaces[XSD_NAMESPACE], XSD_NAMESPACE)
-        avro_schema: List[dict | list | str] = []
-
-        for simple_type in root.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}simpleType', namespaces):
-            add_to_schema, simple_type_type = self.process_simple_type(
-                simple_type, namespaces)
-            # we only want to append simple types if they are not resolved to one of the base types
-            if add_to_schema:
-                avro_schema.append(simple_type_type)
-        for complex_type in root.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}complexType', namespaces):
-            avro_schema.append(self.process_complex_type(
-                complex_type, namespaces))
-
-        top_level_elements = root.findall(
-            f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces)
-        if len(top_level_elements) == 1:
-            record = self.process_top_level_element(
-                top_level_elements[0], namespaces)
-            inline_dependencies_of(avro_schema, record)
-            return record
-        for element in top_level_elements:
-            avro_schema.append(self.process_top_level_element(
-                element, namespaces))
-
-        avro_schema = sort_messages_by_dependencies(avro_schema)
-        if len(avro_schema) == 1:
-            return avro_schema[0]
-        else:
-            return avro_schema
-
-    def convert_xsd_to_avro(self, xsd_path: str, avro_path: str, namespace: str | None = None):
-        """Convert XSD to Avro schema and write to a file."""
-        
-        
-        avro_schema = self.xsd_to_avro(xsd_path, code_namespace=namespace)
-        with open(avro_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-            json.dump(avro_schema, f, indent=4)
-
-
-def convert_xsd_to_avro(xsd_path: str, avro_path: str, namespace: str | None = None):
-    """ 
-    Convert XSD to Avro schema and write to a file. 
-    
-    Params:
-    xsd_path: str - Path to the XSD file.
-    avro_path: str - Path to the Avro file.
-    namespace: str | None - Namespace of the Avro schema.    
-    """
-    
-    if not os.path.exists(xsd_path):
-        raise FileNotFoundError(f"XSD file not found at {xsd_path}")    
-    if not namespace:
-        namespace = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(xsd_path))[0].lower().replace('-', '_')        
-    xsd_to_avro = XSDToAvro()
-    xsd_to_avro.convert_xsd_to_avro(xsd_path, avro_path, namespace)
+# pylint: disable=line-too-long, consider-iterating-dictionary, too-many-locals, too-many-branches
+
+"""Converts XSD to Avro schema."""
+
+import os
+import re
+from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+import json
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+from avrotize.common import avro_namespace, generic_type
+
+from avrotize.dependency_resolver import inline_dependencies_of, sort_messages_by_dependencies
+
+XSD_NAMESPACE = 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
+
+
+class XSDToAvro:
+    """ Convert XSD to Avro schema."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """ Initialize the class. """
+        self.simple_type_map: Dict[str, str | dict] = {}
+        self.avro_namespace = ''
+        self.xml_namespace = ''
+
+    def xsd_targetnamespace_to_avro_namespace(self, targetnamespace: str) -> str:
+        """Convert a XSD namespace to Avro Namespace."""
+        parsed_url = urlparse(targetnamespace)
+        if parsed_url.scheme == 'urn':
+            path_segments = parsed_url.path.strip(
+                ':').replace('.', '-').split(':')
+            # join all path segments that start with a number with the previous one
+            new_path_segments: List[str] = []
+            n = len(path_segments)
+            for i in range(n):
+                if path_segments[i][0].isdigit():
+                    if i == 0:
+                        new_path_segments.append('_'+path_segments[i])
+                    else:
+                        new_path_segments[-1] = f"{new_path_segments[-1]}-{path_segments[i]}"
+                else:
+                    new_path_segments.append(path_segments[i])
+            path_segments = new_path_segments
+        else:
+            path_segments = parsed_url.path.strip('/').split('/')
+            path_segments = list(reversed(path_segments))
+        namespace_prefix = '.'.join(path_segments)
+        if parsed_url.hostname:
+            namespace_suffix = parsed_url.hostname
+            namespace = f"{namespace_prefix}.{namespace_suffix}"
+        else:
+            namespace = namespace_prefix
+        return avro_namespace(namespace)
+
+    def xsd_to_avro_type(self, xsd_type: str, namespaces: dict):
+        """Convert a XSD type to an Avro type."""
+        if xsd_type in self.simple_type_map:
+            return self.simple_type_map[xsd_type]
+
+        # split the type on the first colon
+        if ':' not in xsd_type:
+            type_name = xsd_type
+            prefix = ''
+        else:
+            prefix, type_name = xsd_type.split(':', 1)
+            if not type_name:
+                type_name = prefix
+                prefix = ''
+        # find the namespace for the prefix
+        ns = namespaces.get(XSD_NAMESPACE, '')
+        if ns == prefix:
+            base_type_map = {
+                'string': 'string',
+                'int': 'int',
+                'integer': 'int',
+                'long': 'long',
+                'short': 'int',
+                'decimal': {'type': 'bytes', 'logicalType': 'decimal', 'precision': 32, 'scale': 6},
+                'float': 'float',
+                'double': 'double',
+                'boolean': 'boolean',
+                'byte': 'int',
+                'date': {'type': 'int', 'logicalType': 'date'},
+                'dateTime': {'type': 'long', 'logicalType': 'timestamp-millis'},
+                'time': {'type': 'int', 'logicalType': 'time-millis'},
+                'duration': {'type': 'int', 'logicalType': 'duration'},
+                'gYear': {'type': 'string'},
+                'gYearMonth': {'type': 'string'},
+                'gMonth': {'type': 'string'},
+                'gMonthDay': {'type': 'string'},
+                'gDay': {'type': 'string'},
+                'nonNegativeInteger': 'int',
+                'positiveInteger': 'int',
+                'unsignedInt': 'int',
+                'unsignedShort': 'int',
+                'unsignedByte': 'int',
+                'unsignedLong': 'long',
+                'yearMonthDuration': {'type': 'string', 'logicalType': 'duration'},
+                'dayTimeDuration': {'type': 'string', 'logicalType': 'duration'},
+                'dateTimeStamp': {'type': 'long', 'logicalType': 'timestamp-millis'},
+                'hexBinary': 'bytes',
+                'base64Binary': 'bytes',
+                'anyURI': 'string',
+                'normalizedString': 'string',
+                'token': 'string',
+                'language': 'string',
+                'Name': 'string',
+                'NCName': 'string',
+                'ENTITY': 'string',
+                'ENTITIES': 'string',
+                'ID': 'string',
+                'IDREF': 'string',
+                'IDREFS': 'string',
+                'NMTOKEN': 'string',
+                'NMTOKENS': 'string',
+                'QName': 'string',
+                'NOTATION': 'string'
+            }
+            return base_type_map.get(type_name, self.avro_namespace+'.'+type_name)
+        else:
+            return self.avro_namespace+'.'+type_name
+
+    def process_element(self, element: ET.Element, namespaces: dict, dependencies: list):
+        """Process an element in the XSD schema."""
+        name = element.get('name')
+        type_value = element.get('type', '')
+        if type_value:
+            avro_type = self.xsd_to_avro_type(type_value, namespaces)
+            if not type_value.startswith(f'{namespaces[XSD_NAMESPACE]}:') and type_value not in self.simple_type_map.keys():
+                dependencies.append(avro_type if isinstance(
+                    avro_type, str) else avro_type.get('namespace')+'.'+avro_type.get('name'))
+                dependencies = list(set(dependencies))
+        else:
+            complex_type = element.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}complexType', namespaces)
+            if complex_type is not None:
+                complex_type.set('name', name)
+                avro_type = self.process_complex_type(complex_type, namespaces)
+            else:
+                simple_type = element.find(
+                    f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}simpleType', namespaces)
+                if simple_type is not None:
+                    add_to_schema, simple_type_type = self.process_simple_type(
+                        simple_type, namespaces)
+                    if add_to_schema:
+                        avro_type = simple_type_type
+                    else:
+                        avro_type = self.simple_type_map[name]
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('element must have a type or complexType')
+
+        max_occurs = element.get('maxOccurs')
+        if max_occurs is not None and max_occurs != '1':
+            avro_type = {'type': 'array', 'items': avro_type}
+        min_occurs = element.get('minOccurs')
+        if min_occurs is not None and min_occurs == '0':
+            avro_type = ['null', avro_type]
+        avro_field = {'name': name, 'type': avro_type}
+        annotation = element.find(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
+        if annotation is not None:
+            documentation = annotation.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
+            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
+                avro_field['doc'] = documentation.text.strip()
+        return avro_field
+
+    def process_complex_type(self, complex_type: ET.Element, namespaces: dict) -> dict | str:
+        """ Process a complex type in the XSD schema."""
+        dependencies: List[str] = []
+        avro_type: dict = {
+            'type': 'record',
+            'name': complex_type.attrib.get('name'),
+            'namespace': self.avro_namespace,
+            'fields': []
+        }
+        avro_doc = ''
+        annotation = complex_type.find(
+            f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
+        if annotation is not None:
+            documentation = annotation.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
+            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
+                avro_doc = documentation.text.strip()
+                avro_type['doc'] = avro_doc
+        fields = []
+        for sequence in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}sequence', namespaces):
+            for el in sequence.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces):
+                field = self.process_element(el, namespaces, dependencies)
+                field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
+                fields.append(field)
+            if sequence.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}any', namespaces):
+                fields.append({"name": "any", "xmlkind": "any", "type": generic_type()})
+        for all_types in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}all', namespaces):
+            for el in all_types.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces):
+                field = self.process_element(el, namespaces, dependencies)
+                field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
+                fields.append(field)
+        for choice in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}choice', namespaces):
+            choices: list = []
+            for el in choice.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces):
+                deps: List[str] = []
+                choice_field = self.process_element(el, namespaces, deps)
+                choice_field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
+                choice_record = {
+                    'type': 'record',
+                    'name': f'{complex_type.attrib.get("name")}_{choice_field["name"]}',
+                    'fields': [choice_field],
+                    'namespace': self.avro_namespace
+                }
+                if avro_doc:
+                    choice_record['doc'] = avro_doc
+                choices.append(choice_record)
+                dependencies.extend(deps)
+                dependencies = list(set(dependencies))
+            choices_field = {
+                'name': f'{complex_type.attrib.get("name")}',
+                'type': choices
+            }
+            fields.append(choices_field)
+        for attribute in complex_type.findall(f'.{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}attribute', namespaces):
+            field = self.process_element(attribute, namespaces, dependencies)
+            field['xmlkind'] = 'attribute'
+            fields.append(field)
+        for el in complex_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}simpleContent', namespaces):
+            simple_content = el.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}extension', namespaces)
+            if simple_content is not None:
+                base_type = simple_content.attrib.get('base')
+                if base_type:
+                    fields.append(
+                        {"name": "value", "type": self.xsd_to_avro_type(base_type, namespaces)})
+                    for se in simple_content.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}attribute', namespaces):
+                        field = self.process_element(se, namespaces, dependencies)
+                        field['xmlkind'] = 'attribute'
+                        fields.append(field)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError("No base found in simpleContent")
+
+        avro_type['fields'] = fields
+        if dependencies:
+            avro_type['dependencies'] = dependencies
+        return avro_type
+
+    def process_simple_type(self, simple_type: ET.Element, namespaces: dict) -> Tuple[bool, dict | str]:
+        """ Process a simple type in the XSD schema. """
+        type_name = simple_type.attrib.get('name')
+        if not type_name:
+            raise ValueError("SimpleType must have a name")
+        avro_doc = ''
+        annotation = simple_type.find(
+            f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
+        if annotation is not None:
+            documentation = annotation.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
+            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
+                avro_doc = documentation.text.strip()
+
+        for restriction in simple_type.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}restriction', namespaces):
+            base_type = restriction.get('base')
+            enums: List[str] = [el.attrib.get('value', 'Empty') for el in restriction.findall(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}enumeration', namespaces)]
+            # if any of the enum entries start with a digit, we need to prefix the entry with _
+            if enums:
+                for i, enum in enumerate(enums):
+                    if enums[i][0].isdigit():
+                        enums[i] = '_'+enum
+                enum_type = {
+                    'type': 'enum',
+                    'name': simple_type.attrib.get('name'),
+                    'namespace': self.avro_namespace,
+                    'symbols': enums
+                }
+                if avro_doc:
+                    enum_type['doc'] = avro_doc
+                return True, enum_type
+            elif base_type:
+                # if the baseType is a decimal, get the precision and scale sub-element value attributes to set the logicalType
+                if base_type == namespaces[XSD_NAMESPACE]+':'+'decimal':
+                    precision = restriction.find(
+                        f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}totalDigits', namespaces)
+                    scale = restriction.find(
+                        f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}fractionDigits', namespaces)
+                    logical_type = {
+                        'type': 'bytes',
+                        'logicalType': 'decimal',
+                        'precision': int(precision.attrib.get('value', 32)) if isinstance(precision, ET.Element) else 32,
+                        'scale': int(scale.attrib.get('value', 6)) if isinstance(scale, ET.Element) else 6,
+                    }
+                    if avro_doc:
+                        logical_type['doc'] = avro_doc
+                    self.simple_type_map[type_name] = logical_type
+                    return False, logical_type
+                else:
+                    self.simple_type_map[type_name] = self.xsd_to_avro_type(
+                        base_type, namespaces)
+                    return False, self.simple_type_map[type_name]
+        raise ValueError("No content found in simple type")
+
+    def process_top_level_element(self, element: ET.Element, namespaces: dict):
+        """ Process a top level element in the XSD schema. """
+        dependencies: List[str] = []
+        avro_type: dict = {
+            'type': 'record',
+            'name': 'Root',
+            'namespace': self.avro_namespace,
+            'xmlns': self.xml_namespace,
+            'fields': []
+        }
+        annotation = element.find(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}annotation', namespaces)
+        if annotation is not None:
+            documentation = annotation.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}documentation', namespaces)
+            if documentation is not None and documentation.text is not None:
+                avro_type['doc'] = documentation.text.strip()
+
+        if 'type' in element.attrib:
+            field = self.process_element(element, namespaces, dependencies)
+            field['xmlkind'] = 'element'
+            avro_type['fields'].append(field)
+            if dependencies:
+                avro_type['dependencies'] = dependencies
+            return avro_type
+        else:
+            complex_type = element.find(
+                f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}complexType', namespaces)
+            if complex_type is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'top level element must have a type or be complexType')
+            complex_type.set('name', element.get('name', ''))
+            avro_complex_type = self.process_complex_type(
+                complex_type, namespaces)
+            return avro_complex_type
+
+    def extract_xml_namespaces(self, xml_str: str):
+        """ Extract XML namespaces from an XML string."""
+        # This regex finds all xmlns:prefix="uri" declarations
+        pattern = re.compile(r'xmlns:([\w]+)="([^"]+)"')
+        namespaces = {m.group(2): m.group(1)
+                      for m in pattern.finditer(xml_str)}
+        return namespaces
+
+    def xsd_to_avro(self, xsd_path: str, code_namespace: str | None = None):
+        """ Convert XSD to Avro schema. """
+        # load the XSD file into a string
+        with open(xsd_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            xsd = f.read()
+
+        namespaces = self.extract_xml_namespaces(xsd)
+        root = ET.fromstring(xsd)
+        target_namespace = root.get('targetNamespace')
+        if target_namespace is None:
+            raise ValueError('targetNamespace not found')
+        self.xml_namespace = target_namespace
+        if not code_namespace:
+            self.avro_namespace = self.xsd_targetnamespace_to_avro_namespace(target_namespace)
+        else:
+            self.avro_namespace = code_namespace
+        ET.register_namespace(namespaces[XSD_NAMESPACE], XSD_NAMESPACE)
+        avro_schema: List[dict | list | str] = []
+
+        for simple_type in root.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}simpleType', namespaces):
+            add_to_schema, simple_type_type = self.process_simple_type(
+                simple_type, namespaces)
+            # we only want to append simple types if they are not resolved to one of the base types
+            if add_to_schema:
+                avro_schema.append(simple_type_type)
+        for complex_type in root.findall(f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}complexType', namespaces):
+            avro_schema.append(self.process_complex_type(
+                complex_type, namespaces))
+
+        top_level_elements = root.findall(
+            f'{{{XSD_NAMESPACE}}}element', namespaces)
+        if len(top_level_elements) == 1:
+            record = self.process_top_level_element(
+                top_level_elements[0], namespaces)
+            inline_dependencies_of(avro_schema, record)
+            return record
+        for element in top_level_elements:
+            avro_schema.append(self.process_top_level_element(
+                element, namespaces))
+
+        avro_schema = sort_messages_by_dependencies(avro_schema)
+        if len(avro_schema) == 1:
+            return avro_schema[0]
+        else:
+            return avro_schema
+
+    def convert_xsd_to_avro(self, xsd_path: str, avro_path: str, namespace: str | None = None):
+        """Convert XSD to Avro schema and write to a file."""
+        
+        
+        avro_schema = self.xsd_to_avro(xsd_path, code_namespace=namespace)
+        with open(avro_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            json.dump(avro_schema, f, indent=4)
+
+
+def convert_xsd_to_avro(xsd_path: str, avro_path: str, namespace: str | None = None):
+    """ 
+    Convert XSD to Avro schema and write to a file. 
+    
+    Params:
+    xsd_path: str - Path to the XSD file.
+    avro_path: str - Path to the Avro file.
+    namespace: str | None - Namespace of the Avro schema.    
+    """
+    
+    if not os.path.exists(xsd_path):
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"XSD file not found at {xsd_path}")    
+    if not namespace:
+        namespace = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(xsd_path))[0].lower().replace('-', '_')        
+    xsd_to_avro = XSDToAvro()
+    xsd_to_avro.convert_xsd_to_avro(xsd_path, avro_path, namespace)