structurize 2.16.2__py3-none-any.whl → 2.16.6__py3-none-any.whl

avrotize/avrotojsons.py

@@ -1,481 +1,481 @@
-import copy
-import json
-from typing import Dict, Any, Union, List
-from avrotize.common import build_tree_hash_list, group_by_hash, is_generic_json_type, NodeHashReference
-from functools import reduce
-import jsonpath_ng 
-
-class AvroToJsonSchemaConverter:
-    
-    def __init__(self, naming_mode: str = 'snake') -> None:
-        self.naming_mode = naming_mode
-        self.defined_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-        self.common_namespace = ''
-
-    def find_common_namespace(self, namespaces: List[str]) -> str:
-        """
-        Find the common namespace prefix from a list of namespaces.
-        """
-        if not namespaces:
-            return ''
-
-        def common_prefix(a, b):
-            prefix = ''
-            for a_char, b_char in zip(a.split('.'), b.split('.')):
-                if a_char == b_char:
-                    prefix += a_char + '.'
-                else:
-                    break
-            return prefix.rstrip('.')
-
-        return reduce(common_prefix, namespaces)
-
-    def update_common_namespace(self, namespace: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Update the common namespace based on the provided namespace.
-        """
-        if not self.common_namespace:
-            self.common_namespace = namespace
-        else:
-            self.common_namespace = self.find_common_namespace([self.common_namespace, namespace])
-
-    def get_definition_ref(self, name: str) -> str:
-        """
-        Construct the reference string based on the namespace and name.
-        """
-        
-        if '.' in name:
-            namespace, name = name.rsplit('.', 1)
-        else:
-            namespace = self.common_namespace
-            
-        if not self.common_namespace:
-            return f"#/definitions/{name}"
-
-        # Remove the common namespace and replace '.' with '/'
-        namespace_suffix = namespace[len(self.common_namespace):].lstrip('.')
-        path = namespace_suffix.replace('.', '/') if namespace_suffix else ''
-        ref = f"#/definitions/{path}/{name}" if path else f"#/definitions/{name}"
-        return ref
-    
-    def get_qualified_name(self, avro_type: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
-        """
-        Construct the qualified name based on the namespace and name.
-        """
-        return avro_type['name'] if 'namespace' not in avro_type else f"{avro_type['namespace']}.{avro_type['name']}"
-
-    def avro_primitive_to_json_type(self, avro_type: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Map Avro primitive types to JSON types with appropriate format annotations.
-        Handles both standard Avro logical types and Avrotize schema extensions.
-        """
-        json_type = {}
-        if isinstance(avro_type, dict):
-            # Check for logical type before unwrapping the base type
-            logical_type = avro_type.get('logicalType')
-            base_type = avro_type.get('type', avro_type)
-            
-            # Handle logical types based on their base type
-            if logical_type and isinstance(base_type, str):
-                # Standard Avro logical types on int/long
-                if base_type == 'int' and logical_type == 'date':
-                    # Standard Avro: int with date logicalType represents days since epoch
-                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'int32'
-                    return json_type
-                elif base_type == 'int' and logical_type in ['time-millis']:
-                    # Standard Avro: int with time-millis represents milliseconds since midnight
-                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'int32'
-                    return json_type
-                elif base_type == 'long' and logical_type in ['time-micros']:
-                    # Standard Avro: long with time-micros represents microseconds since midnight
-                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'int64'
-                    return json_type
-                elif base_type == 'long' and logical_type in ['timestamp-millis', 'timestamp-micros']:
-                    # Standard Avro: long with timestamp represents milliseconds/microseconds since epoch
-                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'int64'
-                    return json_type
-                # Avrotize schema extensions: string-based logical types
-                elif base_type == 'string' and logical_type == 'date':
-                    # Avrotize extension: string with date logicalType
-                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'date'
-                    return json_type
-                elif base_type == 'string' and logical_type in ['timestamp-millis', 'timestamp-micros', 'datetime']:
-                    # Avrotize extension: string with datetime logicalType
-                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'date-time'
-                    return json_type
-                elif base_type == 'string' and logical_type in ['time-millis', 'time-micros', 'time']:
-                    # Avrotize extension: string with time logicalType
-                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'time'
-                    return json_type
-                elif logical_type == 'decimal':
-                    json_type['type'] = 'number'
-                    return json_type
-                elif logical_type == 'uuid':
-                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
-                    json_type['format'] = 'uuid'
-                    return json_type
-            
-            # If base_type is still a dict, recurse
-            if isinstance(base_type, dict):
-                if 'logicalType' in base_type:
-                    return self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(base_type)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError(f"Avro schema contains unexpected construct {avro_type}")
-            
-            # No logical type or unhandled combination, process base type
-            return self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(base_type)
-            
-        mapping = {
-            'null': {'type': 'null'},
-            'boolean': {'type': 'boolean'},
-            'int': {'type': 'integer', 'format': 'int32'},
-            'long': {'type': 'integer', 'format': 'int64'},
-            'float': {'type': 'number', 'format': 'float'},
-            'double': {'type': 'number', 'format': 'double'},
-            'bytes': {'type': 'string', 'contentEncoding': 'base64'},
-            'string': {'type': 'string'},
-            'fixed': {'type': 'string'}  # Could specify length in a format or a separate attribute
-        }
-        type_ref = mapping.get(avro_type, '')  # Defaulting to string type for any unknown types
-        if not type_ref:
-            raise ValueError(f"Avro schema contains unexpected type {avro_type}")
-        return type_ref
-
-
-    def convert_name(self, name: str) -> str:
-        """
-        Convert names according to the specified naming mode.
-        """
-        if self.naming_mode == 'snake':
-            return self.to_snake_case(name)
-        elif self.naming_mode == 'camel':
-            return self.to_camel_case(name)
-        elif self.naming_mode == 'pascal':
-            return self.to_pascal_case(name)
-        return name
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def to_snake_case(name: str) -> str:
-        return ''.join(['_'+c.lower() if c.isupper() else c for c in name]).lstrip('_')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def to_camel_case(name: str) -> str:
-        return ''.join(word.capitalize() if i else word for i, word in enumerate(name.split('_')))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def to_pascal_case(name: str) -> str:
-        return ''.join(word.capitalize() for word in name.split('_'))
-
-    def is_nullable(self, avro_type: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
-        """
-        Check if a given Avro type is nullable.
-        """
-        if isinstance(avro_type, list):
-            return 'null' in avro_type
-        return avro_type == 'null'
-    
-    def handle_type_union(self, types: List[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]]) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str:
-        """
-        Handle Avro type unions, returning a JSON schema that validates against any of the types.
-        """
-        non_null_types = [t for t in types if t != 'null']
-        if len(non_null_types) == 1:
-            # Single non-null type
-            return self.parse_avro_schema(non_null_types[0])
-        else:
-            # Multiple non-null types
-            union_types = [self.convert_reference(t) if isinstance(t,str) and t in self.defined_types else self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(t)
-                            if isinstance(t, str) else self.parse_avro_schema(t)
-                                for t in non_null_types]
-            return {
-                'oneOf': union_types
-            }
-
-    def parse_avro_schema(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str, is_root = False) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str:
-        """
-        Parse an Avro schema structure and return the corresponding JSON schema.
-        """
-        if isinstance(avro_schema, list):
-            # Type union
-            union = self.handle_type_union(avro_schema)
-            if is_root:
-                # all the definitions go into 'definitions'
-                return {
-                    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
-                }
-            if is_generic_json_type(union):
-                return { "type": "object" }
-            else:
-                return union
-        elif isinstance(avro_schema, dict):
-            if 'namespace' in avro_schema:
-                namespace = avro_schema['namespace']
-                self.update_common_namespace(namespace)
-            if avro_schema['type'] == 'record':
-                return self.convert_record(avro_schema, is_root)
-            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'enum':
-                return self.convert_enum(avro_schema, is_root)
-            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'fixed':
-                return self.convert_fixed(avro_schema, is_root)
-            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'array':
-                return self.convert_array(avro_schema)
-            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'map':
-                return self.convert_map(avro_schema)
-            elif avro_schema['type'] in self.defined_types:
-                # Type reference
-                return self.convert_reference(avro_schema)
-            else:
-                # Nested type or a direct type definition
-                return self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema['type'])
-        elif isinstance(avro_schema, str):
-            # Primitive type or a reference to a defined type
-            if avro_schema in self.defined_types:
-                return self.convert_reference(avro_schema)
-            elif '.' in avro_schema:
-                raise ValueError(f"Unknown type reference {avro_schema}")
-            else:
-                return self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(avro_schema)
-
-    def convert_reference(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any] | str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Convert a reference to a defined type to a JSON schema object with a reference to the definition.
-        """
-        key = avro_schema['type'] if isinstance(avro_schema, dict) else avro_schema
-        json_type = self.defined_types[key]
-        if 'enum' in json_type:
-            return copy.deepcopy(json_type)
-        else:
-            return {"$ref": self.get_definition_ref(key)}
-    
-    def convert_record(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any], is_root=False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Convert an Avro record type to a JSON schema object, handling nested types and type definitions.
-        """
-        record_name = self.convert_name(avro_schema['name'])
-        properties = {}
-        required = []
-        
-        json_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {
-            "type": "object",
-            "title": record_name
-        }        
-        if not is_root:
-            self.defined_types[self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema)] = json_schema
-        
-        for field in avro_schema['fields']:
-            field_name = self.convert_name(field['name'])
-            prop = self.parse_avro_schema(field['type'])
-            if 'doc' in field:
-                if isinstance(prop, dict):
-                    prop['description'] = field['doc']
-                elif isinstance(prop, list) or isinstance(prop, str):
-                    prop = {
-                        'allOf': [
-                            prop,
-                            {'description': field['doc']}
-                        ]}
-            properties[field_name] = prop
-            if not self.is_nullable(field['type']):
-                required.append(field_name)
-
-        if 'doc' in avro_schema:
-            json_schema['description'] = avro_schema['doc']
-        if properties:
-            json_schema['properties'] = properties
-        
-        if required:
-            json_schema['required'] = required
-            
-        if not is_root:
-            return {"$ref": self.get_definition_ref(self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema))}
-        return json_schema
-
-    def convert_enum(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any], is_root=False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Convert an Avro enum type to a JSON schema enum, adding the definition to the schema.
-        """
-        enum_name = self.convert_name(avro_schema['name'])
-        json_schema = {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": avro_schema['symbols'],
-            "title": enum_name
-        }
-
-        if 'doc' in avro_schema:
-            json_schema['description'] = avro_schema['doc']
-
-        # Add to defined types
-        if not is_root:
-            self.defined_types[self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema)] = json_schema
-        return json_schema
-
-    def convert_fixed(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any], is_root=False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Convert an Avro fixed type to a JSON schema string with length constraints.
-        Fixed types are represented as strings with base16 (hex) encoding and 
-        minLength and maxLength constraints based on the size.
-        """
-        fixed_name = self.convert_name(avro_schema['name'])
-        size = avro_schema['size']
-        # Fixed types in JSON are represented as hex strings, so length is 2 * size
-        hex_length = size * 2
-        
-        json_schema = {
-            "type": "string",
-            "contentEncoding": "base16",
-            "minLength": hex_length,
-            "maxLength": hex_length,
-            "title": fixed_name
-        }
-
-        if 'doc' in avro_schema:
-            json_schema['description'] = avro_schema['doc']
-
-        # Add to defined types
-        if not is_root:
-            self.defined_types[self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema)] = json_schema
-            return {"$ref": self.get_definition_ref(self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema))}
-        return json_schema
-
-    def convert_array(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Convert an Avro array type to a JSON schema array.
-        """
-        return {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema['items'])
-        }
-
-    def convert_map(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        Convert an Avro map type to a JSON schema object with additionalProperties.
-        """
-        return {
-            "type": "object",
-            "additionalProperties": self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema['values'])
-        }
-
-    def convert(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str:
-        """
-        Convert the root Avro schema to a JSON schema.
-        """
-        json_schema: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str = self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema, is_root = True)
-        
-        if self.defined_types and isinstance(json_schema, dict):
-            for name, definition in self.defined_types.items():
-                if isinstance(definition, dict) and 'enum' in definition:
-                    # enums are inlined
-                    continue
-                current_level = json_schema.setdefault('definitions', {})
-                if '.' in name:
-                    definition_namespace, definition_name = name.rsplit('.',1)
-                    if not self.common_namespace or (self.common_namespace and definition_namespace == self.common_namespace):
-                        definition_namespace = ''
-                    else:
-                        definition_namespace = definition_namespace[len(self.common_namespace):].lstrip('.')
-                    # Split the definition_namespace into path segments
-                    path_segments = definition_namespace.split('.')
-                    if definition_namespace and len(path_segments) > 0:
-                        # Traverse through all but the last segment, creating nested dictionaries as needed
-                        for segment in path_segments:
-                            # If the segment does not exist, create a new dictionary at that level
-                            if segment not in current_level:
-                                current_level[segment] = {}
-                            # Move deeper into the nested structure
-                            current_level = current_level[segment]
-                else:
-                    definition_name = name
-                current_level[definition_name] = copy.deepcopy(definition)
-                
-        return json_schema
-
-def compact_tree(json_schema):
-    shared_def_counter = 1
-    ignored_hashes = []
-    while True:
-        thl = build_tree_hash_list(json_schema)
-        ghl = group_by_hash(thl)
-        if len(ghl) == 0:
-            return
-        # sort ghl by the count in of the first item in each group
-        ghl = dict(sorted(ghl.items(), key=lambda item: -item[1][0].count))
-        repeat = True
-        while repeat:
-            repeat = False
-            first_group_key = next((key for key in ghl.keys() if key not in ignored_hashes), None)
-            if first_group_key is None:
-                return
-            ghl_top_item_entries = ghl[first_group_key]
-            # sort the items by the shortest .path value
-            ghl_top_item_entries = sorted(ghl_top_item_entries, key=lambda item: len(item.path.split('.')))
-            top_item_entry: NodeHashReference = ghl_top_item_entries[0]
-            top_item_path_segments = top_item_entry.path.split('.')
-            if top_item_path_segments[1] == 'definitions' and len(top_item_path_segments) == 3:
-                # the top item sits right under definitions, we will merge into that one
-                def_key = top_item_path_segments[2]
-                ghl_top_item_entries.remove(top_item_entry)
-            elif ((top_item_path_segments[-1] == 'options' and top_item_path_segments[-2] == 'properties' and len(top_item_path_segments) > 4) and 'oneOf' in top_item_entry.value):
-                # the first case is likely a union we created in j2a that we had to create a top-level item for. We will undo that here.
-                json_item = json_schema
-                def_key = ''
-                for seg in top_item_path_segments[1:-2]:
-                    def_key += '/' + seg if def_key else seg
-                    json_item = json_item[seg]
-                json_item.clear()
-                json_item.update(copy.deepcopy(top_item_entry.value))
-                ghl_top_item_entries.remove(top_item_entry)    
-            elif top_item_path_segments[-2] == 'properties' or top_item_path_segments[-1] == 'properties':
-                # the top item is a property of an object, which means that we would create direct
-                # links into that object and therefore we will drop that hash
-                ignored_hashes.append(first_group_key)
-                repeat = True
-                continue
-            else:
-                # the second is indeed a proper type declaration, so we will use the first as the one all other occurrences refer to
-                json_item = json_schema
-                def_key = ''
-                for seg in top_item_path_segments[1:]:
-                    def_key += '/' + seg if def_key else seg
-                ghl_top_item_entries.remove(top_item_entry)        
-        
-        
-            for ghl_item in ghl_top_item_entries:
-                node = ghl_item.value
-                if isinstance(node,dict):
-                    node.clear()
-                    node.update({
-                        '$ref': f"#/{def_key}"
-                    })
-            break
-
-
-
-def convert_avro_to_json_schema(avro_schema_file: str, json_schema_file: str, naming_mode: str = 'default') -> None:
-    """
-    Convert an Avro schema file to a JSON schema file.
-
-    :param avro_schema_file: The path to the input Avro schema file.
-    :param json_schema_file: The path to the output JSON schema file.
-    :param naming_mode: The naming mode for converting names ('snake', 'camel', 'pascal').
-    """
-    converter = AvroToJsonSchemaConverter(naming_mode)
-
-    # Read the Avro schema file
-    with open(avro_schema_file, 'r') as file:
-        avro_schema = json.load(file)
-
-    # Convert the Avro schema to JSON schema
-    json_schema = converter.convert(avro_schema)
-    
-    compact_tree(json_schema)
-    # Write the JSON schema to the output file
-    with open(json_schema_file, 'w') as file:
-        json.dump(json_schema, file, indent=4)
-
+import copy
+import json
+from typing import Dict, Any, Union, List
+from avrotize.common import build_tree_hash_list, group_by_hash, is_generic_json_type, NodeHashReference
+from functools import reduce
+import jsonpath_ng 
+
+class AvroToJsonSchemaConverter:
+    
+    def __init__(self, naming_mode: str = 'snake') -> None:
+        self.naming_mode = naming_mode
+        self.defined_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.common_namespace = ''
+
+    def find_common_namespace(self, namespaces: List[str]) -> str:
+        """
+        Find the common namespace prefix from a list of namespaces.
+        """
+        if not namespaces:
+            return ''
+
+        def common_prefix(a, b):
+            prefix = ''
+            for a_char, b_char in zip(a.split('.'), b.split('.')):
+                if a_char == b_char:
+                    prefix += a_char + '.'
+                else:
+                    break
+            return prefix.rstrip('.')
+
+        return reduce(common_prefix, namespaces)
+
+    def update_common_namespace(self, namespace: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Update the common namespace based on the provided namespace.
+        """
+        if not self.common_namespace:
+            self.common_namespace = namespace
+        else:
+            self.common_namespace = self.find_common_namespace([self.common_namespace, namespace])
+
+    def get_definition_ref(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Construct the reference string based on the namespace and name.
+        """
+        
+        if '.' in name:
+            namespace, name = name.rsplit('.', 1)
+        else:
+            namespace = self.common_namespace
+            
+        if not self.common_namespace:
+            return f"#/definitions/{name}"
+
+        # Remove the common namespace and replace '.' with '/'
+        namespace_suffix = namespace[len(self.common_namespace):].lstrip('.')
+        path = namespace_suffix.replace('.', '/') if namespace_suffix else ''
+        ref = f"#/definitions/{path}/{name}" if path else f"#/definitions/{name}"
+        return ref
+    
+    def get_qualified_name(self, avro_type: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+        """
+        Construct the qualified name based on the namespace and name.
+        """
+        return avro_type['name'] if 'namespace' not in avro_type else f"{avro_type['namespace']}.{avro_type['name']}"
+
+    def avro_primitive_to_json_type(self, avro_type: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Map Avro primitive types to JSON types with appropriate format annotations.
+        Handles both standard Avro logical types and Avrotize schema extensions.
+        """
+        json_type = {}
+        if isinstance(avro_type, dict):
+            # Check for logical type before unwrapping the base type
+            logical_type = avro_type.get('logicalType')
+            base_type = avro_type.get('type', avro_type)
+            
+            # Handle logical types based on their base type
+            if logical_type and isinstance(base_type, str):
+                # Standard Avro logical types on int/long
+                if base_type == 'int' and logical_type == 'date':
+                    # Standard Avro: int with date logicalType represents days since epoch
+                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'int32'
+                    return json_type
+                elif base_type == 'int' and logical_type in ['time-millis']:
+                    # Standard Avro: int with time-millis represents milliseconds since midnight
+                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'int32'
+                    return json_type
+                elif base_type == 'long' and logical_type in ['time-micros']:
+                    # Standard Avro: long with time-micros represents microseconds since midnight
+                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'int64'
+                    return json_type
+                elif base_type == 'long' and logical_type in ['timestamp-millis', 'timestamp-micros']:
+                    # Standard Avro: long with timestamp represents milliseconds/microseconds since epoch
+                    json_type['type'] = 'integer'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'int64'
+                    return json_type
+                # Avrotize schema extensions: string-based logical types
+                elif base_type == 'string' and logical_type == 'date':
+                    # Avrotize extension: string with date logicalType
+                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'date'
+                    return json_type
+                elif base_type == 'string' and logical_type in ['timestamp-millis', 'timestamp-micros', 'datetime']:
+                    # Avrotize extension: string with datetime logicalType
+                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'date-time'
+                    return json_type
+                elif base_type == 'string' and logical_type in ['time-millis', 'time-micros', 'time']:
+                    # Avrotize extension: string with time logicalType
+                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'time'
+                    return json_type
+                elif logical_type == 'decimal':
+                    json_type['type'] = 'number'
+                    return json_type
+                elif logical_type == 'uuid':
+                    json_type['type'] = 'string'
+                    json_type['format'] = 'uuid'
+                    return json_type
+            
+            # If base_type is still a dict, recurse
+            if isinstance(base_type, dict):
+                if 'logicalType' in base_type:
+                    return self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(base_type)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Avro schema contains unexpected construct {avro_type}")
+            
+            # No logical type or unhandled combination, process base type
+            return self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(base_type)
+            
+        mapping = {
+            'null': {'type': 'null'},
+            'boolean': {'type': 'boolean'},
+            'int': {'type': 'integer', 'format': 'int32'},
+            'long': {'type': 'integer', 'format': 'int64'},
+            'float': {'type': 'number', 'format': 'float'},
+            'double': {'type': 'number', 'format': 'double'},
+            'bytes': {'type': 'string', 'contentEncoding': 'base64'},
+            'string': {'type': 'string'},
+            'fixed': {'type': 'string'}  # Could specify length in a format or a separate attribute
+        }
+        type_ref = mapping.get(avro_type, '')  # Defaulting to string type for any unknown types
+        if not type_ref:
+            raise ValueError(f"Avro schema contains unexpected type {avro_type}")
+        return type_ref
+
+
+    def convert_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Convert names according to the specified naming mode.
+        """
+        if self.naming_mode == 'snake':
+            return self.to_snake_case(name)
+        elif self.naming_mode == 'camel':
+            return self.to_camel_case(name)
+        elif self.naming_mode == 'pascal':
+            return self.to_pascal_case(name)
+        return name
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_snake_case(name: str) -> str:
+        return ''.join(['_'+c.lower() if c.isupper() else c for c in name]).lstrip('_')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_camel_case(name: str) -> str:
+        return ''.join(word.capitalize() if i else word for i, word in enumerate(name.split('_')))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_pascal_case(name: str) -> str:
+        return ''.join(word.capitalize() for word in name.split('_'))
+
+    def is_nullable(self, avro_type: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if a given Avro type is nullable.
+        """
+        if isinstance(avro_type, list):
+            return 'null' in avro_type
+        return avro_type == 'null'
+    
+    def handle_type_union(self, types: List[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]]) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str:
+        """
+        Handle Avro type unions, returning a JSON schema that validates against any of the types.
+        """
+        non_null_types = [t for t in types if t != 'null']
+        if len(non_null_types) == 1:
+            # Single non-null type
+            return self.parse_avro_schema(non_null_types[0])
+        else:
+            # Multiple non-null types
+            union_types = [self.convert_reference(t) if isinstance(t,str) and t in self.defined_types else self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(t)
+                            if isinstance(t, str) else self.parse_avro_schema(t)
+                                for t in non_null_types]
+            return {
+                'oneOf': union_types
+            }
+
+    def parse_avro_schema(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str, is_root = False) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str:
+        """
+        Parse an Avro schema structure and return the corresponding JSON schema.
+        """
+        if isinstance(avro_schema, list):
+            # Type union
+            union = self.handle_type_union(avro_schema)
+            if is_root:
+                # all the definitions go into 'definitions'
+                return {
+                    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
+                }
+            if is_generic_json_type(union):
+                return { "type": "object" }
+            else:
+                return union
+        elif isinstance(avro_schema, dict):
+            if 'namespace' in avro_schema:
+                namespace = avro_schema['namespace']
+                self.update_common_namespace(namespace)
+            if avro_schema['type'] == 'record':
+                return self.convert_record(avro_schema, is_root)
+            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'enum':
+                return self.convert_enum(avro_schema, is_root)
+            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'fixed':
+                return self.convert_fixed(avro_schema, is_root)
+            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'array':
+                return self.convert_array(avro_schema)
+            elif avro_schema['type'] == 'map':
+                return self.convert_map(avro_schema)
+            elif avro_schema['type'] in self.defined_types:
+                # Type reference
+                return self.convert_reference(avro_schema)
+            else:
+                # Nested type or a direct type definition
+                return self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema['type'])
+        elif isinstance(avro_schema, str):
+            # Primitive type or a reference to a defined type
+            if avro_schema in self.defined_types:
+                return self.convert_reference(avro_schema)
+            elif '.' in avro_schema:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown type reference {avro_schema}")
+            else:
+                return self.avro_primitive_to_json_type(avro_schema)
+
+    def convert_reference(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any] | str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Convert a reference to a defined type to a JSON schema object with a reference to the definition.
+        """
+        key = avro_schema['type'] if isinstance(avro_schema, dict) else avro_schema
+        json_type = self.defined_types[key]
+        if 'enum' in json_type:
+            return copy.deepcopy(json_type)
+        else:
+            return {"$ref": self.get_definition_ref(key)}
+    
+    def convert_record(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any], is_root=False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Convert an Avro record type to a JSON schema object, handling nested types and type definitions.
+        """
+        record_name = self.convert_name(avro_schema['name'])
+        properties = {}
+        required = []
+        
+        json_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "type": "object",
+            "title": record_name
+        }        
+        if not is_root:
+            self.defined_types[self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema)] = json_schema
+        
+        for field in avro_schema['fields']:
+            field_name = self.convert_name(field['name'])
+            prop = self.parse_avro_schema(field['type'])
+            if 'doc' in field:
+                if isinstance(prop, dict):
+                    prop['description'] = field['doc']
+                elif isinstance(prop, list) or isinstance(prop, str):
+                    prop = {
+                        'allOf': [
+                            prop,
+                            {'description': field['doc']}
+                        ]}
+            properties[field_name] = prop
+            if not self.is_nullable(field['type']):
+                required.append(field_name)
+
+        if 'doc' in avro_schema:
+            json_schema['description'] = avro_schema['doc']
+        if properties:
+            json_schema['properties'] = properties
+        
+        if required:
+            json_schema['required'] = required
+            
+        if not is_root:
+            return {"$ref": self.get_definition_ref(self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema))}
+        return json_schema
+
+    def convert_enum(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any], is_root=False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Convert an Avro enum type to a JSON schema enum, adding the definition to the schema.
+        """
+        enum_name = self.convert_name(avro_schema['name'])
+        json_schema = {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": avro_schema['symbols'],
+            "title": enum_name
+        }
+
+        if 'doc' in avro_schema:
+            json_schema['description'] = avro_schema['doc']
+
+        # Add to defined types
+        if not is_root:
+            self.defined_types[self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema)] = json_schema
+        return json_schema
+
+    def convert_fixed(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any], is_root=False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Convert an Avro fixed type to a JSON schema string with length constraints.
+        Fixed types are represented as strings with base16 (hex) encoding and 
+        minLength and maxLength constraints based on the size.
+        """
+        fixed_name = self.convert_name(avro_schema['name'])
+        size = avro_schema['size']
+        # Fixed types in JSON are represented as hex strings, so length is 2 * size
+        hex_length = size * 2
+        
+        json_schema = {
+            "type": "string",
+            "contentEncoding": "base16",
+            "minLength": hex_length,
+            "maxLength": hex_length,
+            "title": fixed_name
+        }
+
+        if 'doc' in avro_schema:
+            json_schema['description'] = avro_schema['doc']
+
+        # Add to defined types
+        if not is_root:
+            self.defined_types[self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema)] = json_schema
+            return {"$ref": self.get_definition_ref(self.get_qualified_name(avro_schema))}
+        return json_schema
+
+    def convert_array(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Convert an Avro array type to a JSON schema array.
+        """
+        return {
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema['items'])
+        }
+
+    def convert_map(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Convert an Avro map type to a JSON schema object with additionalProperties.
+        """
+        return {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema['values'])
+        }
+
+    def convert(self, avro_schema: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str) -> Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str:
+        """
+        Convert the root Avro schema to a JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: Dict[str, Any] | List[Dict[str, Any]| str] | str = self.parse_avro_schema(avro_schema, is_root = True)
+        
+        if self.defined_types and isinstance(json_schema, dict):
+            for name, definition in self.defined_types.items():
+                if isinstance(definition, dict) and 'enum' in definition:
+                    # enums are inlined
+                    continue
+                current_level = json_schema.setdefault('definitions', {})
+                if '.' in name:
+                    definition_namespace, definition_name = name.rsplit('.',1)
+                    if not self.common_namespace or (self.common_namespace and definition_namespace == self.common_namespace):
+                        definition_namespace = ''
+                    else:
+                        definition_namespace = definition_namespace[len(self.common_namespace):].lstrip('.')
+                    # Split the definition_namespace into path segments
+                    path_segments = definition_namespace.split('.')
+                    if definition_namespace and len(path_segments) > 0:
+                        # Traverse through all but the last segment, creating nested dictionaries as needed
+                        for segment in path_segments:
+                            # If the segment does not exist, create a new dictionary at that level
+                            if segment not in current_level:
+                                current_level[segment] = {}
+                            # Move deeper into the nested structure
+                            current_level = current_level[segment]
+                else:
+                    definition_name = name
+                current_level[definition_name] = copy.deepcopy(definition)
+                
+        return json_schema
+
+def compact_tree(json_schema):
+    shared_def_counter = 1
+    ignored_hashes = []
+    while True:
+        thl = build_tree_hash_list(json_schema)
+        ghl = group_by_hash(thl)
+        if len(ghl) == 0:
+            return
+        # sort ghl by the count in of the first item in each group
+        ghl = dict(sorted(ghl.items(), key=lambda item: -item[1][0].count))
+        repeat = True
+        while repeat:
+            repeat = False
+            first_group_key = next((key for key in ghl.keys() if key not in ignored_hashes), None)
+            if first_group_key is None:
+                return
+            ghl_top_item_entries = ghl[first_group_key]
+            # sort the items by the shortest .path value
+            ghl_top_item_entries = sorted(ghl_top_item_entries, key=lambda item: len(item.path.split('.')))
+            top_item_entry: NodeHashReference = ghl_top_item_entries[0]
+            top_item_path_segments = top_item_entry.path.split('.')
+            if top_item_path_segments[1] == 'definitions' and len(top_item_path_segments) == 3:
+                # the top item sits right under definitions, we will merge into that one
+                def_key = top_item_path_segments[2]
+                ghl_top_item_entries.remove(top_item_entry)
+            elif ((top_item_path_segments[-1] == 'options' and top_item_path_segments[-2] == 'properties' and len(top_item_path_segments) > 4) and 'oneOf' in top_item_entry.value):
+                # the first case is likely a union we created in j2a that we had to create a top-level item for. We will undo that here.
+                json_item = json_schema
+                def_key = ''
+                for seg in top_item_path_segments[1:-2]:
+                    def_key += '/' + seg if def_key else seg
+                    json_item = json_item[seg]
+                json_item.clear()
+                json_item.update(copy.deepcopy(top_item_entry.value))
+                ghl_top_item_entries.remove(top_item_entry)    
+            elif top_item_path_segments[-2] == 'properties' or top_item_path_segments[-1] == 'properties':
+                # the top item is a property of an object, which means that we would create direct
+                # links into that object and therefore we will drop that hash
+                ignored_hashes.append(first_group_key)
+                repeat = True
+                continue
+            else:
+                # the second is indeed a proper type declaration, so we will use the first as the one all other occurrences refer to
+                json_item = json_schema
+                def_key = ''
+                for seg in top_item_path_segments[1:]:
+                    def_key += '/' + seg if def_key else seg
+                ghl_top_item_entries.remove(top_item_entry)        
+        
+        
+            for ghl_item in ghl_top_item_entries:
+                node = ghl_item.value
+                if isinstance(node,dict):
+                    node.clear()
+                    node.update({
+                        '$ref': f"#/{def_key}"
+                    })
+            break
+
+
+
+def convert_avro_to_json_schema(avro_schema_file: str, json_schema_file: str, naming_mode: str = 'default') -> None:
+    """
+    Convert an Avro schema file to a JSON schema file.
+
+    :param avro_schema_file: The path to the input Avro schema file.
+    :param json_schema_file: The path to the output JSON schema file.
+    :param naming_mode: The naming mode for converting names ('snake', 'camel', 'pascal').
+    """
+    converter = AvroToJsonSchemaConverter(naming_mode)
+
+    # Read the Avro schema file
+    with open(avro_schema_file, 'r') as file:
+        avro_schema = json.load(file)
+
+    # Convert the Avro schema to JSON schema
+    json_schema = converter.convert(avro_schema)
+    
+    compact_tree(json_schema)
+    # Write the JSON schema to the output file
+    with open(json_schema_file, 'w') as file:
+        json.dump(json_schema, file, indent=4)
+