scipy 1.15.3__cp313-cp313t-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl → 1.16.0rc2__cp313-cp313t-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl

scipy/_lib/array_api_compat/common/_aliases.py

@@ -4,142 +4,171 @@ These are functions that are just aliases of existing functions in NumPy.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
-    from ._typing import ndarray, Device, Dtype
-
-from typing import NamedTuple
 import inspect
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, cast
+
+from ._helpers import _check_device, array_namespace
+from ._helpers import device as _get_device
+from ._helpers import is_cupy_namespace as _is_cupy_namespace
+from ._typing import Array, Device, DType, Namespace
 
-from ._helpers import array_namespace, _check_device, device, is_torch_array, is_cupy_namespace
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TODO: import from typing (requires Python >=3.13)
+    from typing_extensions import TypeIs
 
 # These functions are modified from the NumPy versions.
 
-# Creation functions add the device keyword (which does nothing for NumPy)
+# Creation functions add the device keyword (which does nothing for NumPy and Dask)
+
 
 def arange(
-    start: Union[int, float],
+    start: float,
     /,
-    stop: Optional[Union[int, float]] = None,
-    step: Union[int, float] = 1,
+    stop: float | None = None,
+    step: float = 1,
     *,
-    xp,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs
-) -> ndarray:
+    xp: Namespace,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.arange(start, stop=stop, step=step, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def empty(
-    shape: Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]],
-    xp,
+    shape: int | tuple[int, ...],
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs
-) -> ndarray:
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.empty(shape, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def empty_like(
-    x: ndarray, /, xp, *, dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None, device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs
-) -> ndarray:
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.empty_like(x, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def eye(
     n_rows: int,
-    n_cols: Optional[int] = None,
+    n_cols: int | None = None,
     /,
     *,
-    xp,
+    xp: Namespace,
     k: int = 0,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.eye(n_rows, M=n_cols, k=k, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def full(
-    shape: Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]],
-    fill_value: Union[int, float],
-    xp,
+    shape: int | tuple[int, ...],
+    fill_value: complex,
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.full(shape, fill_value, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def full_like(
-    x: ndarray,
+    x: Array,
     /,
-    fill_value: Union[int, float],
+    fill_value: complex,
     *,
-    xp,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    xp: Namespace,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.full_like(x, fill_value, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def linspace(
-    start: Union[int, float],
-    stop: Union[int, float],
+    start: float,
+    stop: float,
     /,
     num: int,
     *,
-    xp,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
     endpoint: bool = True,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.linspace(start, stop, num, dtype=dtype, endpoint=endpoint, **kwargs)
 
+
 def ones(
-    shape: Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]],
-    xp,
+    shape: int | tuple[int, ...],
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.ones(shape, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def ones_like(
-    x: ndarray, /, xp, *, dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None, device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.ones_like(x, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def zeros(
-    shape: Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]],
-    xp,
+    shape: int | tuple[int, ...],
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
-    device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.zeros(shape, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 def zeros_like(
-    x: ndarray, /, xp, *, dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None, device: Optional[Device] = None,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    device: Device | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     _check_device(xp, device)
     return xp.zeros_like(x, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
 
+
 # np.unique() is split into four functions in the array API:
 # unique_all, unique_counts, unique_inverse, and unique_values (this is done
 # to remove polymorphic return types).
@@ -147,35 +176,37 @@ def zeros_like(
 # The functions here return namedtuples (np.unique() returns a normal
 # tuple).
 
+
 # Note that these named tuples aren't actually part of the standard namespace,
 # but I don't see any issue with exporting the names here regardless.
 class UniqueAllResult(NamedTuple):
-    values: ndarray
-    indices: ndarray
-    inverse_indices: ndarray
-    counts: ndarray
+    values: Array
+    indices: Array
+    inverse_indices: Array
+    counts: Array
 
 
 class UniqueCountsResult(NamedTuple):
-    values: ndarray
-    counts: ndarray
+    values: Array
+    counts: Array
 
 
 class UniqueInverseResult(NamedTuple):
-    values: ndarray
-    inverse_indices: ndarray
+    values: Array
+    inverse_indices: Array
 
 
-def _unique_kwargs(xp):
+def _unique_kwargs(xp: Namespace) -> dict[str, bool]:
     # Older versions of NumPy and CuPy do not have equal_nan. Rather than
     # trying to parse version numbers, just check if equal_nan is in the
     # signature.
     s = inspect.signature(xp.unique)
-    if 'equal_nan' in s.parameters:
-        return {'equal_nan': False}
+    if "equal_nan" in s.parameters:
+        return {"equal_nan": False}
     return {}
 
-def unique_all(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> UniqueAllResult:
+
+def unique_all(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> UniqueAllResult:
     kwargs = _unique_kwargs(xp)
     values, indices, inverse_indices, counts = xp.unique(
         x,
@@ -195,20 +226,16 @@ def unique_all(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> UniqueAllResult:
     )
 
 
-def unique_counts(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> UniqueCountsResult:
+def unique_counts(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> UniqueCountsResult:
     kwargs = _unique_kwargs(xp)
     res = xp.unique(
-        x,
-        return_counts=True,
-        return_index=False,
-        return_inverse=False,
-        **kwargs
+        x, return_counts=True, return_index=False, return_inverse=False, **kwargs
     )
 
     return UniqueCountsResult(*res)
 
 
-def unique_inverse(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> UniqueInverseResult:
+def unique_inverse(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> UniqueInverseResult:
     kwargs = _unique_kwargs(xp)
     values, inverse_indices = xp.unique(
         x,
@@ -223,7 +250,7 @@ def unique_inverse(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> UniqueInverseResult:
     return UniqueInverseResult(values, inverse_indices)
 
 
-def unique_values(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> ndarray:
+def unique_values(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> Array:
     kwargs = _unique_kwargs(xp)
     return xp.unique(
         x,
@@ -233,56 +260,58 @@ def unique_values(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> ndarray:
         **kwargs,
     )
 
-def astype(x: ndarray, dtype: Dtype, /, *, copy: bool = True) -> ndarray:
-    if not copy and dtype == x.dtype:
-        return x
-    return x.astype(dtype=dtype, copy=copy)
 
 # These functions have different keyword argument names
 
+
 def std(
-    x: ndarray,
+    x: Array,
     /,
-    xp,
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    axis: Optional[Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]]] = None,
-    correction: Union[int, float] = 0.0, # correction instead of ddof
+    axis: int | tuple[int, ...] | None = None,
+    correction: float = 0.0,  # correction instead of ddof
     keepdims: bool = False,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     return xp.std(x, axis=axis, ddof=correction, keepdims=keepdims, **kwargs)
 
+
 def var(
-    x: ndarray,
+    x: Array,
     /,
-    xp,
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    axis: Optional[Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]]] = None,
-    correction: Union[int, float] = 0.0, # correction instead of ddof
+    axis: int | tuple[int, ...] | None = None,
+    correction: float = 0.0,  # correction instead of ddof
     keepdims: bool = False,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     return xp.var(x, axis=axis, ddof=correction, keepdims=keepdims, **kwargs)
 
+
 # cumulative_sum is renamed from cumsum, and adds the include_initial keyword
 # argument
 
+
 def cumulative_sum(
-    x: ndarray,
+    x: Array,
     /,
-    xp,
+    xp: Namespace,
     *,
-    axis: Optional[int] = None,
-    dtype: Optional[Dtype] = None,
+    axis: int | None = None,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
     include_initial: bool = False,
-    **kwargs
-) -> ndarray:
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     wrapped_xp = array_namespace(x)
 
     # TODO: The standard is not clear about what should happen when x.ndim == 0.
     if axis is None:
         if x.ndim > 1:
-            raise ValueError("axis must be specified in cumulative_sum for more than one dimension")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "axis must be specified in cumulative_sum for more than one dimension"
+            )
         axis = 0
 
     res = xp.cumsum(x, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
@@ -292,25 +321,69 @@ def cumulative_sum(
         initial_shape = list(x.shape)
         initial_shape[axis] = 1
         res = xp.concatenate(
-            [wrapped_xp.zeros(shape=initial_shape, dtype=res.dtype, device=device(res)), res],
+            [
+                wrapped_xp.zeros(
+                    shape=initial_shape, dtype=res.dtype, device=_get_device(res)
+                ),
+                res,
+            ],
+            axis=axis,
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def cumulative_prod(
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    axis: int | None = None,
+    dtype: DType | None = None,
+    include_initial: bool = False,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
+    wrapped_xp = array_namespace(x)
+
+    if axis is None:
+        if x.ndim > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "axis must be specified in cumulative_prod for more than one dimension"
+            )
+        axis = 0
+
+    res = xp.cumprod(x, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
+
+    # np.cumprod does not support include_initial
+    if include_initial:
+        initial_shape = list(x.shape)
+        initial_shape[axis] = 1
+        res = xp.concatenate(
+            [
+                wrapped_xp.ones(
+                    shape=initial_shape, dtype=res.dtype, device=_get_device(res)
+                ),
+                res,
+            ],
             axis=axis,
         )
     return res
 
+
 # The min and max argument names in clip are different and not optional in numpy, and type
 # promotion behavior is different.
 def clip(
-    x: ndarray,
+    x: Array,
     /,
-    min: Optional[Union[int, float, ndarray]] = None,
-    max: Optional[Union[int, float, ndarray]] = None,
+    min: float | Array | None = None,
+    max: float | Array | None = None,
     *,
-    xp,
+    xp: Namespace,
     # TODO: np.clip has other ufunc kwargs
-    out: Optional[ndarray] = None,
-) -> ndarray:
-    def _isscalar(a):
+    out: Array | None = None,
+) -> Array:
+    def _isscalar(a: object) -> TypeIs[int | float | None]:
         return isinstance(a, (int, float, type(None)))
+
     min_shape = () if _isscalar(min) else min.shape
     max_shape = () if _isscalar(max) else max.shape
 
@@ -335,44 +408,51 @@ def clip(
     # but an answer of 0 might be preferred. See
     # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/24976 for more discussion on this issue.
 
-
     # At least handle the case of Python integers correctly (see
     # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/26892).
-    if type(min) is int and min <= wrapped_xp.iinfo(x.dtype).min:
-        min = None
-    if type(max) is int and max >= wrapped_xp.iinfo(x.dtype).max:
-        max = None
+    if wrapped_xp.isdtype(x.dtype, "integral"):
+        if type(min) is int and min <= wrapped_xp.iinfo(x.dtype).min:
+            min = None
+        if type(max) is int and max >= wrapped_xp.iinfo(x.dtype).max:
+            max = None
 
+    dev = _get_device(x)
     if out is None:
-        out = wrapped_xp.asarray(xp.broadcast_to(x, result_shape),
-                                 copy=True, device=device(x))
+        out = wrapped_xp.empty(result_shape, dtype=x.dtype, device=dev)
+    assert out is not None  # workaround for a type-narrowing issue in pyright
+    out[()] = x
+
     if min is not None:
-        if is_torch_array(x) and x.dtype == xp.float64 and _isscalar(min):
-            # Avoid loss of precision due to torch defaulting to float32
-            min = wrapped_xp.asarray(min, dtype=xp.float64)
-        a = xp.broadcast_to(wrapped_xp.asarray(min, device=device(x)), result_shape)
+        a = wrapped_xp.asarray(min, dtype=x.dtype, device=dev)
+        a = xp.broadcast_to(a, result_shape)
         ia = (out < a) | xp.isnan(a)
-        # torch requires an explicit cast here
-        out[ia] = wrapped_xp.astype(a[ia], out.dtype)
+        out[ia] = a[ia]
+
     if max is not None:
-        if is_torch_array(x) and x.dtype == xp.float64 and _isscalar(max):
-            max = wrapped_xp.asarray(max, dtype=xp.float64)
-        b = xp.broadcast_to(wrapped_xp.asarray(max, device=device(x)), result_shape)
+        b = wrapped_xp.asarray(max, dtype=x.dtype, device=dev)
+        b = xp.broadcast_to(b, result_shape)
         ib = (out > b) | xp.isnan(b)
-        out[ib] = wrapped_xp.astype(b[ib], out.dtype)
+        out[ib] = b[ib]
+
     # Return a scalar for 0-D
     return out[()]
 
+
 # Unlike transpose(), the axes argument to permute_dims() is required.
-def permute_dims(x: ndarray, /, axes: Tuple[int, ...], xp) -> ndarray:
+def permute_dims(x: Array, /, axes: tuple[int, ...], xp: Namespace) -> Array:
     return xp.transpose(x, axes)
 
+
 # np.reshape calls the keyword argument 'newshape' instead of 'shape'
-def reshape(x: ndarray,
-            /,
-            shape: Tuple[int, ...],
-            xp, copy: Optional[bool] = None,
-            **kwargs) -> ndarray:
+def reshape(
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    shape: tuple[int, ...],
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    copy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     if copy is True:
         x = x.copy()
     elif copy is False:
@@ -381,17 +461,24 @@ def reshape(x: ndarray,
         return y
     return xp.reshape(x, shape, **kwargs)
 
+
 # The descending keyword is new in sort and argsort, and 'kind' replaced with
 # 'stable'
 def argsort(
-    x: ndarray, /, xp, *, axis: int = -1, descending: bool = False, stable: bool = True,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    axis: int = -1,
+    descending: bool = False,
+    stable: bool = True,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     # Note: this keyword argument is different, and the default is different.
     # We set it in kwargs like this because numpy.sort uses kind='quicksort'
     # as the default whereas cupy.sort uses kind=None.
     if stable:
-        kwargs['kind'] = "stable"
+        kwargs["kind"] = "stable"
     if not descending:
         res = xp.argsort(x, axis=axis, **kwargs)
     else:
@@ -408,69 +495,87 @@ def argsort(
         res = max_i - res
     return res
 
+
 def sort(
-    x: ndarray, /, xp, *, axis: int = -1, descending: bool = False, stable: bool = True,
-    **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+    x: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    axis: int = -1,
+    descending: bool = False,
+    stable: bool = True,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     # Note: this keyword argument is different, and the default is different.
     # We set it in kwargs like this because numpy.sort uses kind='quicksort'
     # as the default whereas cupy.sort uses kind=None.
     if stable:
-        kwargs['kind'] = "stable"
+        kwargs["kind"] = "stable"
     res = xp.sort(x, axis=axis, **kwargs)
     if descending:
         res = xp.flip(res, axis=axis)
     return res
 
+
 # nonzero should error for zero-dimensional arrays
-def nonzero(x: ndarray, /, xp, **kwargs) -> Tuple[ndarray, ...]:
+def nonzero(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace, **kwargs: object) -> tuple[Array, ...]:
     if x.ndim == 0:
         raise ValueError("nonzero() does not support zero-dimensional arrays")
     return xp.nonzero(x, **kwargs)
 
+
 # ceil, floor, and trunc return integers for integer inputs
 
-def ceil(x: ndarray, /, xp, **kwargs) -> ndarray:
+
+def ceil(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace, **kwargs: object) -> Array:
     if xp.issubdtype(x.dtype, xp.integer):
         return x
     return xp.ceil(x, **kwargs)
 
-def floor(x: ndarray, /, xp, **kwargs) -> ndarray:
+
+def floor(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace, **kwargs: object) -> Array:
     if xp.issubdtype(x.dtype, xp.integer):
         return x
     return xp.floor(x, **kwargs)
 
-def trunc(x: ndarray, /, xp, **kwargs) -> ndarray:
+
+def trunc(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace, **kwargs: object) -> Array:
     if xp.issubdtype(x.dtype, xp.integer):
         return x
     return xp.trunc(x, **kwargs)
 
+
 # linear algebra functions
 
-def matmul(x1: ndarray, x2: ndarray, /, xp, **kwargs) -> ndarray:
+
+def matmul(x1: Array, x2: Array, /, xp: Namespace, **kwargs: object) -> Array:
     return xp.matmul(x1, x2, **kwargs)
 
+
 # Unlike transpose, matrix_transpose only transposes the last two axes.
-def matrix_transpose(x: ndarray, /, xp) -> ndarray:
+def matrix_transpose(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> Array:
     if x.ndim < 2:
         raise ValueError("x must be at least 2-dimensional for matrix_transpose")
     return xp.swapaxes(x, -1, -2)
 
-def tensordot(x1: ndarray,
-              x2: ndarray,
-              /,
-              xp,
-              *,
-              axes: Union[int, Tuple[Sequence[int], Sequence[int]]] = 2,
-              **kwargs,
-) -> ndarray:
+
+def tensordot(
+    x1: Array,
+    x2: Array,
+    /,
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    axes: int | tuple[Sequence[int], Sequence[int]] = 2,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> Array:
     return xp.tensordot(x1, x2, axes=axes, **kwargs)
 
-def vecdot(x1: ndarray, x2: ndarray, /, xp, *, axis: int = -1) -> ndarray:
+
+def vecdot(x1: Array, x2: Array, /, xp: Namespace, *, axis: int = -1) -> Array:
     if x1.shape[axis] != x2.shape[axis]:
         raise ValueError("x1 and x2 must have the same size along the given axis")
 
-    if hasattr(xp, 'broadcast_tensors'):
+    if hasattr(xp, "broadcast_tensors"):
         _broadcast = xp.broadcast_tensors
     else:
         _broadcast = xp.broadcast_arrays
@@ -479,14 +584,19 @@ def vecdot(x1: ndarray, x2: ndarray, /, xp, *, axis: int = -1) -> ndarray:
     x2_ = xp.moveaxis(x2, axis, -1)
     x1_, x2_ = _broadcast(x1_, x2_)
 
-    res = x1_[..., None, :] @ x2_[..., None]
+    res = xp.conj(x1_[..., None, :]) @ x2_[..., None]
     return res[..., 0, 0]
 
+
 # isdtype is a new function in the 2022.12 array API specification.
 
+
 def isdtype(
-    dtype: Dtype, kind: Union[Dtype, str, Tuple[Union[Dtype, str], ...]], xp,
-    *, _tuple=True, # Disallow nested tuples
+    dtype: DType,
+    kind: DType | str | tuple[DType | str, ...],
+    xp: Namespace,
+    *,
+    _tuple: bool = True,  # Disallow nested tuples
 ) -> bool:
     """
     Returns a boolean indicating whether a provided dtype is of a specified data type ``kind``.
@@ -499,21 +609,24 @@ def isdtype(
     for more details
     """
     if isinstance(kind, tuple) and _tuple:
-        return any(isdtype(dtype, k, xp, _tuple=False) for k in kind)
+        return any(
+            isdtype(dtype, k, xp, _tuple=False)
+            for k in cast("tuple[DType | str, ...]", kind)
+        )
     elif isinstance(kind, str):
-        if kind == 'bool':
+        if kind == "bool":
             return dtype == xp.bool_
-        elif kind == 'signed integer':
+        elif kind == "signed integer":
             return xp.issubdtype(dtype, xp.signedinteger)
-        elif kind == 'unsigned integer':
+        elif kind == "unsigned integer":
             return xp.issubdtype(dtype, xp.unsignedinteger)
-        elif kind == 'integral':
+        elif kind == "integral":
             return xp.issubdtype(dtype, xp.integer)
-        elif kind == 'real floating':
+        elif kind == "real floating":
             return xp.issubdtype(dtype, xp.floating)
-        elif kind == 'complex floating':
+        elif kind == "complex floating":
             return xp.issubdtype(dtype, xp.complexfloating)
-        elif kind == 'numeric':
+        elif kind == "numeric":
             return xp.issubdtype(dtype, xp.number)
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized data type kind: {kind!r}")
@@ -524,32 +637,91 @@ def isdtype(
         # array_api_strict implementation will be very strict.
         return dtype == kind
 
+
 # unstack is a new function in the 2023.12 array API standard
-def unstack(x: ndarray, /, xp, *, axis: int = 0) -> Tuple[ndarray, ...]:
+def unstack(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace, *, axis: int = 0) -> tuple[Array, ...]:
     if x.ndim == 0:
         raise ValueError("Input array must be at least 1-d.")
     return tuple(xp.moveaxis(x, axis, 0))
 
+
 # numpy 1.26 does not use the standard definition for sign on complex numbers
 
-def sign(x: ndarray, /, xp, **kwargs) -> ndarray:
-    if isdtype(x.dtype, 'complex floating', xp=xp):
-        out = (x/xp.abs(x, **kwargs))[...]
+
+def sign(x: Array, /, xp: Namespace, **kwargs: object) -> Array:
+    if isdtype(x.dtype, "complex floating", xp=xp):
+        out = (x / xp.abs(x, **kwargs))[...]
         # sign(0) = 0 but the above formula would give nan
-        out[x == 0+0j] = 0+0j
+        out[x == 0j] = 0j
     else:
         out = xp.sign(x, **kwargs)
     # CuPy sign() does not propagate nans. See
     # https://github.com/data-apis/array-api-compat/issues/136
-    if is_cupy_namespace(xp) and isdtype(x.dtype, 'real floating', xp=xp):
+    if _is_cupy_namespace(xp) and isdtype(x.dtype, "real floating", xp=xp):
         out[xp.isnan(x)] = xp.nan
     return out[()]
 
-__all__ = ['arange', 'empty', 'empty_like', 'eye', 'full', 'full_like',
-           'linspace', 'ones', 'ones_like', 'zeros', 'zeros_like',
-           'UniqueAllResult', 'UniqueCountsResult', 'UniqueInverseResult',
-           'unique_all', 'unique_counts', 'unique_inverse', 'unique_values',
-           'astype', 'std', 'var', 'cumulative_sum', 'clip', 'permute_dims',
-           'reshape', 'argsort', 'sort', 'nonzero', 'ceil', 'floor', 'trunc',
-           'matmul', 'matrix_transpose', 'tensordot', 'vecdot', 'isdtype',
-           'unstack', 'sign']
+
+def finfo(type_: DType | Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> Any:
+    # It is surprisingly difficult to recognize a dtype apart from an array.
+    # np.int64 is not the same as np.asarray(1).dtype!
+    try:
+        return xp.finfo(type_)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return xp.finfo(type_.dtype)
+
+
+def iinfo(type_: DType | Array, /, xp: Namespace) -> Any:
+    try:
+        return xp.iinfo(type_)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return xp.iinfo(type_.dtype)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "arange",
+    "empty",
+    "empty_like",
+    "eye",
+    "full",
+    "full_like",
+    "linspace",
+    "ones",
+    "ones_like",
+    "zeros",
+    "zeros_like",
+    "UniqueAllResult",
+    "UniqueCountsResult",
+    "UniqueInverseResult",
+    "unique_all",
+    "unique_counts",
+    "unique_inverse",
+    "unique_values",
+    "std",
+    "var",
+    "cumulative_sum",
+    "cumulative_prod",
+    "clip",
+    "permute_dims",
+    "reshape",
+    "argsort",
+    "sort",
+    "nonzero",
+    "ceil",
+    "floor",
+    "trunc",
+    "matmul",
+    "matrix_transpose",
+    "tensordot",
+    "vecdot",
+    "isdtype",
+    "unstack",
+    "sign",
+    "finfo",
+    "iinfo",
+]
+_all_ignore = ["inspect", "array_namespace", "NamedTuple"]
+
+
+def __dir__() -> list[str]:
+    return __all__