roms-tools 2.6.1__py3-none-any.whl → 2.7.0__py3-none-any.whl

roms_tools/setup/cdr_forcing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1126 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Union
+import numpy as np
+import xarray as xr
+import cartopy.crs as ccrs
+import logging
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import matplotlib.cm as cm
+from roms_tools import Grid
+from roms_tools.constants import NUM_TRACERS
+from roms_tools.plot import _plot, _get_projection
+from roms_tools.regrid import LateralRegridFromROMS
+from roms_tools.utils import (
+    _generate_coordinate_range,
+    _remove_edge_nans,
+    save_datasets,
+)
+from roms_tools.setup.utils import (
+    gc_dist,
+    get_tracer_defaults,
+    get_tracer_metadata_dict,
+    add_tracer_metadata_to_ds,
+    to_float,
+    _to_yaml,
+    _from_yaml,
+)
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class CDRVolumePointSource:
+    """Represents one or several volume sources of water with tracers at specific
+    location(s). This class is particularly useful for modeling point sources of Carbon
+    Dioxide Removal (CDR) forcing data, such as the injection of water and
+    biogeochemical tracers, e.g., alkalinity (ALK) or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC),
+    through a pipe.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    grid : Grid, optional
+        Object representing the grid for spatial context.
+    start_time : datetime
+        Start time of the ROMS model simulation.
+    end_time : datetime
+        End time of the ROMS model simulation.
+    model_reference_date : datetime, optional
+        Reference date for converting absolute times to model-relative time. Defaults to Jan 1, 2000.
+    releases : dict, optional
+        A dictionary of existing releases. Defaults to empty dictionary.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    ds : xr.Dataset
+        The xarray dataset containing release metadata and forcing variables.
+    """
+
+    grid: Optional["Grid"] = None
+    start_time: datetime
+    end_time: datetime
+    model_reference_date: datetime = datetime(2000, 1, 1)
+    releases: Optional[dict] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    ds: xr.Dataset = field(init=False, repr=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        if self.start_time >= self.end_time:
+            raise ValueError("`start_time` must be earlier than `end_time`.")
+
+        # Start with an empty dataset representing zero releases
+        ds = xr.Dataset(
+            {
+                "cdr_time": (["time"], np.empty(0)),
+                "cdr_lon": (["ncdr"], np.empty(0)),
+                "cdr_lat": (["ncdr"], np.empty(0)),
+                "cdr_dep": (["ncdr"], np.empty(0)),
+                "cdr_hsc": (["ncdr"], np.empty(0)),
+                "cdr_vsc": (["ncdr"], np.empty(0)),
+                "cdr_volume": (["time", "ncdr"], np.empty((0, 0))),
+                "cdr_tracer": (
+                    ["time", "ntracers", "ncdr"],
+                    np.empty((0, NUM_TRACERS, 0)),
+                ),
+            },
+            coords={
+                "time": (["time"], np.empty(0)),
+                "release_name": (["ncdr"], np.empty(0, dtype=str)),
+            },
+        )
+        ds = add_tracer_metadata_to_ds(ds)
+        self.ds = ds
+
+        tracer_metadata = get_tracer_metadata_dict()
+        self.releases["_tracer_metadata"] = tracer_metadata
+
+        if self.releases:
+            if "_metadata" not in self.releases:
+                tracer_metadata = get_tracer_metadata_dict()
+                self.releases["_tracer_metadata"] = tracer_metadata
+
+            for name, params in self.releases.items():
+                if name == "_tracer_metadata":
+                    continue  # skip metadata entry
+                self._validate_release_location(
+                    name=name,
+                    lat=params["lat"],
+                    lon=params["lon"],
+                    depth=params["depth"],
+                )
+                self._add_release_to_ds(name=name, **params)
+
+    def add_release(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        lat: float,
+        lon: float,
+        depth: float,
+        times: Optional[List[datetime]] = None,
+        volume_fluxes: Union[float, List[float]] = 0.0,
+        tracer_concentrations: Optional[Dict[str, Union[float, List[float]]]] = None,
+        fill_values: str = "auto",
+    ):
+        """Adds a release (point source) of water with tracers to the forcing dataset
+        and dictionary.
+
+        This method registers a point source at a specific location (latitude, longitude, and depth).
+        The release includes both a volume flux of water and tracer
+        concentrations, which can be constant or time-varying.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : str
+            Unique identifier for the release.
+        lat : float or int
+            Latitude of the release location in degrees North. Must be between -90 and 90.
+        lon : float or int
+            Longitude of the release location in degrees East. No restrictions on bounds.
+        depth : float or int
+            Depth of the release in meters. Must be non-negative.
+        times : list of datetime.datetime, optional
+            Explicit time points for volume fluxes and tracer concentrations. Defaults to [self.start_time, self.end_time] if None.
+
+            Example: `times=[datetime(2022, 1, 1), datetime(2022, 1, 2), datetime(2022, 1, 3)]`
+
+        volume_fluxes : float, int, or list of float/int, optional
+
+            Volume flux(es) of the release in m³/s over time.
+
+            - Constant: applies uniformly across the entire simulation period.
+            - Time-varying: must match the length of `times`.
+
+            Example:
+
+            - Constant: `volume_fluxes=1000.0` (uniform across the entire simulation period).
+            - Time-varying: `volume_fluxes=[1000.0, 1500.0, 2000.0]` (corresponds to each `times` entry).
+
+        tracer_concentrations : dict, optional
+
+            Dictionary of tracer names and their concentration values. The concentration values can be either
+            a float/int (constant in time) or a list of float/int (time-varying).
+
+            - Constant: applies uniformly across the entire simulation period.
+            - Time-varying: must match the length of `times`.
+
+            Default is an empty dictionary (`{}`) if not provided.
+            Example:
+
+            - Constant: `{"ALK": 2000.0, "DIC": 1900.0}`
+            - Time-varying: `{"ALK": [2000.0, 2050.0, 2013.3], "DIC": [1900.0, 1920.0, 1910.2]}`
+            - Mixed: `{"ALK": 2000.0, "DIC": [1900.0, 1920.0, 1910.2]}`
+
+        fill_values : str, optional
+
+            Strategy for filling missing tracer concentration values. Options:
+
+            - "auto" (default): automatically set values to non-zero defaults
+            - "zero": fill missing values with 0.0
+        """
+        # Check that the name is unique
+        if name in self.releases:
+            raise ValueError(f"A release with the name '{name}' already exists.")
+
+        # Check that fill_values has proper string
+        if fill_values not in ("auto", "zero"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid fill_values option: '{fill_values}'. "
+                "Must be 'auto' or 'zero'."
+            )
+
+        # Set default for times if None
+        if times is None:
+            times = []
+
+        # Set default for tracer_concentrations if None
+        if tracer_concentrations is None:
+            tracer_concentrations = {}
+
+        # Fill in missing tracer concentrations
+        defaults = get_tracer_defaults()
+        for tracer_name in self.ds.tracer_name.values:
+            if tracer_name not in tracer_concentrations:
+                tracer_name = str(tracer_name)
+                if tracer_name in ["temp", "salt"]:
+                    tracer_concentrations[tracer_name] = defaults[tracer_name]
+                else:
+                    if fill_values == "auto":
+                        tracer_concentrations[tracer_name] = defaults[tracer_name]
+                    elif fill_values == "zero":
+                        tracer_concentrations[tracer_name] = 0.0
+
+        # Check input parameters
+        self._input_checks(
+            name=name,
+            lat=lat,
+            lon=lon,
+            depth=depth,
+            times=times,
+            volume_fluxes=volume_fluxes,
+            tracer_concentrations=tracer_concentrations,
+        )
+
+        # Convert integers to floats
+        lat = float(lat)
+        lon = float(lon)
+        depth = float(depth)
+        volume_fluxes = to_float(volume_fluxes)
+        tracer_concentrations = {
+            tracer: to_float(vals) for tracer, vals in tracer_concentrations.items()
+        }
+
+        # Extend volume fluxes and tracer_concentrations across simulation period if necessary
+        times, volume_fluxes, tracer_concentrations = self._handle_simulation_endpoints(
+            times, volume_fluxes, tracer_concentrations
+        )
+
+        # Validate release location
+        self._validate_release_location(name=name, lat=lat, lon=lon, depth=depth)
+
+        self._add_release_to_dict(
+            name=name,
+            lat=lat,
+            lon=lon,
+            depth=depth,
+            times=times,
+            volume_fluxes=volume_fluxes,
+            tracer_concentrations=tracer_concentrations,
+        )
+
+        self._add_release_to_ds(
+            name=name,
+            lat=lat,
+            lon=lon,
+            depth=depth,
+            times=times,
+            volume_fluxes=volume_fluxes,
+            tracer_concentrations=tracer_concentrations,
+        )
+
+    def _add_release_to_ds(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        lat: float,
+        lon: float,
+        depth: float,
+        times: Optional[List[datetime]] = None,
+        tracer_concentrations: Optional[Dict[str, Union[float, List[float]]]] = None,
+        volume_fluxes: Union[float, List[float]] = 0.0,
+    ):
+        """Add the release data for a specific release to the forcing dataset."""
+
+        # Convert times to datetime64[ns]
+        times = np.array(times, dtype="datetime64[ns]")
+
+        # Ensure reference date is also datetime64[ns]
+        ref = np.datetime64(self.model_reference_date, "ns")
+
+        # Compute model-relative times in days
+        rel_times = (times - ref) / np.timedelta64(1, "D")
+
+        # Merge with existing time dimension
+        existing_times = (
+            self.ds["time"].values
+            if len(self.ds["time"]) > 0
+            else np.array([], dtype="datetime64[ns]")
+        )
+        existing_rel_times = (
+            self.ds["cdr_time"].values if len(self.ds["cdr_time"]) > 0 else []
+        )
+        union_times = np.union1d(existing_times, times)
+        union_rel_times = np.union1d(existing_rel_times, rel_times)
+
+        # Initialize a fresh dataset to accommodate the new release.
+        # xarray does not handle dynamic resizing of dimensions well (e.g., increasing 'ncdr' by 1),
+        # so we recreate the dataset with the updated size.
+        ds = xr.Dataset()
+        ds["time"] = ("time", union_times)
+        ds["cdr_time"] = ("time", union_rel_times)
+        ds = add_tracer_metadata_to_ds(ds)
+
+        release_names = np.concatenate([self.ds.release_name.values, [name]])
+        ds = ds.assign_coords({"release_name": (["ncdr"], release_names)})
+        ds["cdr_lon"] = xr.zeros_like(ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64)
+        ds["cdr_lat"] = xr.zeros_like(ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64)
+        ds["cdr_dep"] = xr.zeros_like(ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64)
+        ds["cdr_hsc"] = xr.zeros_like(ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64)
+        ds["cdr_vsc"] = xr.zeros_like(ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64)
+
+        ds["cdr_volume"] = xr.zeros_like(ds.cdr_time * ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64)
+        ds["cdr_tracer"] = xr.zeros_like(
+            ds.cdr_time * ds.ntracers * ds.ncdr, dtype=np.float64
+        )
+
+        # Retain previous experiment locations
+        if len(self.ds["ncdr"]) > 0:
+            for i in range(len(self.ds.ncdr)):
+                for var_name in ["cdr_lon", "cdr_lat", "cdr_dep", "cdr_hsc", "cdr_vsc"]:
+                    ds[var_name].loc[{"ncdr": i}] = self.ds[var_name].isel(ncdr=i)
+
+        # Add the new experiment location
+        for var_name, value in zip(
+            ["cdr_lon", "cdr_lat", "cdr_dep", "cdr_hsc", "cdr_vsc"],
+            [lon, lat, depth, 0.0, 0.0],
+        ):
+            ds[var_name].loc[{"ncdr": ds.sizes["ncdr"] - 1}] = np.float64(value)
+
+        # Interpolate and retain previous experiment volume fluxes and tracer concentrations
+        if len(self.ds["ncdr"]) > 0:
+            for i in range(len(self.ds.ncdr)):
+                interpolated = np.interp(
+                    union_rel_times,
+                    self.ds["cdr_time"].values,
+                    self.ds["cdr_volume"].isel(ncdr=i).values,
+                )
+                ds["cdr_volume"].loc[{"ncdr": i}] = interpolated
+
+                for n in range(len(self.ds.ntracers)):
+                    interpolated = np.interp(
+                        union_rel_times,
+                        self.ds["cdr_time"].values,
+                        self.ds["cdr_tracer"].isel(ntracers=n, ncdr=i).values,
+                    )
+                    ds["cdr_tracer"].loc[{"ntracers": n, "ncdr": i}] = interpolated
+
+        # Handle new experiment volume fluxes and tracer concentrations
+        if isinstance(volume_fluxes, list):
+            interpolated = np.interp(union_rel_times, rel_times, volume_fluxes)
+        else:
+            interpolated = np.full(len(union_rel_times), volume_fluxes)
+
+        ds["cdr_volume"].loc[{"ncdr": ds.sizes["ncdr"] - 1}] = interpolated
+
+        for n in range(len(self.ds.ntracers)):
+            tracer_name = ds.tracer_name[n].item()
+            if isinstance(tracer_concentrations[tracer_name], list):
+                interpolated = np.interp(
+                    union_rel_times, rel_times, tracer_concentrations[tracer_name]
+                )
+            else:
+                interpolated = np.full(
+                    len(union_rel_times), tracer_concentrations[tracer_name]
+                )
+
+            ds["cdr_tracer"].loc[
+                {"ntracers": n, "ncdr": ds.sizes["ncdr"] - 1}
+            ] = interpolated
+
+        self.ds = ds
+
+    def _add_release_to_dict(self, name: str, **params):
+        """Add the release data for a specific 'name' to the releases dictionary.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : str
+            The unique name for the release to be added to the dictionary.
+        **params : keyword arguments
+            Parameters to be added for the specific release (e.g., location, volume fluxes, etc.).
+        """
+        # Add the parameters to the dictionary under the given name
+        if name not in self.releases:
+            self.releases[name] = {}
+        self.releases[name].update(params)
+
+    def plot_volume_flux(self, start=None, end=None, releases="all"):
+        """Plot the volume flux for each specified release within the given time range.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        start : datetime or None
+            Start datetime for the plot. If None, defaults to `self.start_time`.
+        end : datetime or None
+            End datetime for the plot. If None, defaults to `self.end_time`.
+        releases : str, list of str, or "all", optional
+            A string or list of release names to plot.
+            If "all", the method will plot all releases.
+            The default is "all".
+        """
+
+        start = start or self.start_time
+        end = end or self.end_time
+
+        # Handle "all" releases case
+        if releases == "all":
+            releases = [k for k in self.releases if k != "_tracer_metadata"]
+        # Validate input for release names
+        self._validate_release_input(releases)
+
+        data = self.ds["cdr_volume"]
+
+        self._plot_line(
+            data,
+            releases,
+            start,
+            end,
+            title="Volume flux of release(s)",
+            ylabel=r"m$^3$/s",
+        )
+
+    def plot_tracer_concentration(
+        self, name: str, start=None, end=None, releases="all"
+    ):
+        """Plot the concentration of a given tracer for each specified release within
+        the given time range.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : str
+            Name of the tracer to plot, e.g., "ALK", "DIC", etc.
+        start : datetime or None
+            Start datetime for the plot. If None, defaults to `self.start_time`.
+        end : datetime or None
+            End datetime for the plot. If None, defaults to `self.end_time`.
+        releases : str, list of str, or "all", optional
+            A string or list of release names to plot.
+            If "all", the method will plot all releases.
+            The default is "all".
+        """
+        start = start or self.start_time
+        end = end or self.end_time
+
+        # Handle "all" releases case
+        if releases == "all":
+            releases = [k for k in self.releases if k != "_tracer_metadata"]
+        # Validate input for release names
+        self._validate_release_input(releases)
+
+        tracer_names = list(self.ds["tracer_name"].values)
+        if name not in tracer_names:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Tracer '{name}' not found. Available: {', '.join(tracer_names)}"
+            )
+
+        tracer_index = tracer_names.index(name)
+        data = self.ds["cdr_tracer"].isel(ntracers=tracer_index)
+
+        if name == "temp":
+            title = "Temperature of release water"
+        elif name == "salt":
+            title = "Salinity of release water"
+        else:
+            title = f"{name} concentration of release(s)"
+
+        self._plot_line(
+            data,
+            releases,
+            start,
+            end,
+            title=title,
+            ylabel=f"{self.ds['tracer_unit'].isel(ntracers=tracer_index).values.item()}",
+        )
+
+    def _plot_line(self, data, releases, start, end, title="", ylabel=""):
+        """Plots a line graph for the specified releases and time range."""
+        colors = self._get_release_colors()
+
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(7, 4))
+        for release in releases:
+            ncdr = np.where(self.ds["release_name"].values == release)[0][0]
+            data.isel(ncdr=ncdr).plot(
+                ax=ax,
+                linewidth=2,
+                label=release,
+                color=colors[release],
+                marker="x",
+            )
+
+        if len(releases) > 0:
+            ax.legend()
+
+        ax.set(title=title, ylabel=ylabel)
+        ax.set_xlim([start, end])
+
+    def plot_location_top_view(self, releases="all"):
+        """Plot the top-down view of release locations.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        releases : list of str or str, optional
+            A single release name (string) or a list of release names (strings) to plot.
+            Default is 'all', which will plot all releases.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            If `self.grid` is not set.
+            If `releases` is not a string or list of strings.
+            If any of the specified releases do not exist in `self.releases`.
+        """
+        # Ensure that the grid is provided
+        if self.grid is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "A grid must be provided for plotting. Please pass a valid `Grid` object."
+            )
+
+        # Handle "all" releases case
+        if releases == "all":
+            releases = [k for k in self.releases if k != "_tracer_metadata"]
+
+        # Validate input for release names
+        self._validate_release_input(releases)
+
+        # Proceed with plotting
+        field = self.grid.ds.mask_rho
+        lon_deg = self.grid.ds.lon_rho
+        lat_deg = self.grid.ds.lat_rho
+        if self.grid.straddle:
+            lon_deg = xr.where(lon_deg > 180, lon_deg - 360, lon_deg)
+        field = field.assign_coords({"lon": lon_deg, "lat": lat_deg})
+
+        vmax = 6
+        vmin = 0
+        cmap = plt.colormaps.get_cmap("Blues")
+        kwargs = {"vmax": vmax, "vmin": vmin, "cmap": cmap}
+
+        trans = _get_projection(lon_deg, lat_deg)
+
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(13, 7), subplot_kw={"projection": trans})
+
+        _plot(field, kwargs=kwargs, ax=ax, c=None, add_colorbar=False)
+
+        proj = ccrs.PlateCarree()
+
+        colors = self._get_release_colors()
+
+        for name in releases:
+            # transform coordinates to projected space
+            transformed_lon, transformed_lat = trans.transform_point(
+                self.releases[name]["lon"],
+                self.releases[name]["lat"],
+                proj,
+            )
+
+            ax.plot(
+                transformed_lon,
+                transformed_lat,
+                marker="x",
+                markersize=8,
+                markeredgewidth=2,
+                label=name,
+                color=colors[name],
+            )
+
+        ax.set_title("Release locations")
+        ax.legend(loc="center left", bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 0.5))
+
+    def plot_location_side_view(self, release: str = None):
+        """Plot the release location from a side view, showing bathymetry sections along
+        both fixed longitude and latitude.
+
+        This method creates two plots:
+
+        - A bathymetry section along a fixed longitude (latitudinal view),
+          with the release location marked by an "x".
+        - A bathymetry section along a fixed latitude (longitudinal view),
+          with the release location also marked by an "x".
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        release : str, optional
+            Name of the release to plot. If only one release is available,
+            it is used by default. If multiple releases are available, this must be specified.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+
+            If `self.grid` is not set.
+            If the specified `release` does not exist in `self.releases`.
+            If no `release` is provided when multiple releases are available.
+        """
+        if self.grid is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "A grid must be provided for plotting. Please pass a valid `Grid` object."
+            )
+
+        valid_releases = [r for r in self.releases if r != "_tracer_metadata"]
+        if release is None:
+            if len(valid_releases) == 1:
+                release = valid_releases[0]
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Multiple releases found: {valid_releases}. Please specify a single release to plot."
+                )
+
+        self._validate_release_input(release, list_allowed=False)
+
+        def _plot_bathymetry_section(
+            ax, h, dim, fixed_val, coord_deg, resolution, title
+        ):
+            """Plots a bathymetry section along a fixed latitude or longitude.
+
+            Parameters
+            ----------
+            ax : matplotlib.axes.Axes
+                The axis on which the plot will be drawn.
+
+            h : xarray.DataArray
+                The bathymetry data to plot.
+
+            dim : str
+                The dimension along which to plot the section, either "lat" or "lon".
+
+            fixed_val : float
+                The fixed value of latitude or longitude for the section.
+
+            coord_deg : xarray.DataArray
+                The array of latitude or longitude coordinates.
+
+            resolution : float
+                The resolution at which to generate the coordinate range.
+
+            title : str
+                The title for the plot.
+
+            Returns
+            -------
+            None
+                The function does not return anything. It directly plots the bathymetry section on the provided axis.
+            """
+            # Determine coordinate names and build target range
+            var_range = _generate_coordinate_range(
+                coord_deg.min().values, coord_deg.max().values, resolution
+            )
+            var_name = "lat" if dim == "lon" else "lon"
+            range_da = xr.DataArray(
+                var_range,
+                dims=[var_name],
+                attrs={"units": "°N" if var_name == "lat" else "°E"},
+            )
+
+            # Construct target coordinates for regridding
+            target_coords = {dim: [fixed_val], var_name: range_da}
+            regridder = LateralRegridFromROMS(h, target_coords)
+            section = regridder.apply(h)
+            section, _ = _remove_edge_nans(section, var_name)
+
+            # Plot the bathymetry section
+            section.plot(ax=ax, color="k")
+            ax.fill_between(section[var_name], section.squeeze(), y2=0, color="#deebf7")
+            ax.invert_yaxis()
+            ax.set_xlabel("Latitude [°N]" if var_name == "lat" else "Longitude [°E]")
+            ax.set_ylabel("Depth [m]")
+            ax.set_title(title)
+
+        # Prepare grid coordinates
+        lon_deg = self.grid.ds.lon_rho
+        lat_deg = self.grid.ds.lat_rho
+        if self.grid.straddle:
+            lon_deg = xr.where(lon_deg > 180, lon_deg - 360, lon_deg)
+
+        resolution = self.grid._infer_nominal_horizontal_resolution()
+        h = self.grid.ds.h.assign_coords({"lon": lon_deg, "lat": lat_deg})
+
+        # Set up plot
+        fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(7, 8))
+
+        # Plot along fixed longitude
+        _plot_bathymetry_section(
+            ax=axs[0],
+            h=h,
+            dim="lon",
+            fixed_val=self.releases[release]["lon"],
+            coord_deg=lat_deg,
+            resolution=resolution,
+            title=f"Longitude: {self.releases[release]['lon']}°E",
+        )
+
+        colors = self._get_release_colors()
+
+        axs[0].plot(
+            self.releases[release]["lat"],
+            self.releases[release]["depth"],
+            color=colors[release],
+            marker="x",
+            markersize=8,
+            markeredgewidth=2,
+        )
+
+        # Plot along fixed latitude
+        _plot_bathymetry_section(
+            ax=axs[1],
+            h=h,
+            dim="lat",
+            fixed_val=self.releases[release]["lat"],
+            coord_deg=lon_deg,
+            resolution=resolution,
+            title=f"Latitude: {self.releases[release]['lat']}°N",
+        )
+        axs[1].plot(
+            self.releases[release]["lon"],
+            self.releases[release]["depth"],
+            color=colors[release],
+            marker="x",
+            markersize=8,
+            markeredgewidth=2,
+        )
+
+        # Adjust layout and title
+        fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4)
+        fig.suptitle(f"Release location for: {release}")
+
+    def save(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[str, Path],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Save the volume source with tracers to netCDF4 file.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath : Union[str, Path]
+            The base path and filename for the output files.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List[Path]
+            A list of `Path` objects for the saved files. Each element in the list corresponds to a file that was saved.
+        """
+
+        # Ensure filepath is a Path object
+        filepath = Path(filepath)
+
+        # Remove ".nc" suffix if present
+        if filepath.suffix == ".nc":
+            filepath = filepath.with_suffix("")
+
+        dataset_list = [self.ds]
+        output_filenames = [str(filepath)]
+
+        saved_filenames = save_datasets(dataset_list, output_filenames)
+
+        return saved_filenames
+
+    def to_yaml(self, filepath: Union[str, Path]) -> None:
+        """Export the parameters of the class to a YAML file, including the version of
+        roms-tools.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath : Union[str, Path]
+            The path to the YAML file where the parameters will be saved.
+        """
+
+        _to_yaml(self, filepath)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_yaml(cls, filepath: Union[str, Path]) -> "CDRVolumePointSource":
+        """Create an instance of the CDRVolumePointSource class from a YAML file.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath : Union[str, Path]
+            The path to the YAML file from which the parameters will be read.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        CDRVolumePointSource
+            An instance of the CDRVolumePointSource class.
+        """
+        filepath = Path(filepath)
+
+        grid = Grid.from_yaml(filepath)
+        params = _from_yaml(cls, filepath)
+
+        return cls(grid=grid, **params)
+
+    def _input_checks(
+        self,
+        name,
+        lat,
+        lon,
+        depth,
+        times,
+        volume_fluxes,
+        tracer_concentrations,
+    ):
+        """Perform various input checks on release parameters.
+
+        - Checks that latitude is between -90 and 90.
+        - Checks that depth is non-negative.
+        - Ensures 'times' is a list of datetime objects and is monotonically increasing.
+        - Verifies that times are within the defined start and end time.
+        - Ensures volume fluxes is either a list of floats/ints or a single float/int.
+        - Ensures each tracer concentration is either a float/int or a list of floats/ints.
+        - Ensures the lengths of 'volume_fluxes' and 'tracer_concentrations' match the length of 'times' if they are lists.
+        - Ensures all entries in 'volume_fluxes' and 'tracer_concentrations' are non-negative.
+        """
+
+        # Check that lat is valid
+        if not (-90 <= lat <= 90):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid latitude {lat}. Latitude must be between -90 and 90."
+            )
+
+        # Check that depth is non-negative
+        if depth < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid depth {depth}. Depth must be a non-negative number."
+            )
+
+        # Ensure that times is a list of datetimes
+        if not all(isinstance(t, datetime) for t in times):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"If 'times' is provided, all entries must be datetime objects. Got: {[type(t) for t in times]}"
+            )
+
+        if len(times) > 0:
+            if len(times) > 1:
+                # Check that times is strictly monotonically increasing sequence
+                if not all(t1 < t2 for t1, t2 in zip(times, times[1:])):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"The 'times' list must be strictly monotonically increasing. Got: {[t for t in times]}"
+                    )
+
+            # Check that first time is not before start_time
+            if times[0] < self.start_time:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"First entry in `times` ({times[0]}) cannot be before `self.start_time` ({self.start_time})."
+                )
+
+            # Check that last time is not after end_time
+            if times[-1] > self.end_time:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Last entry in `times` ({times[-1]}) cannot be after `self.end_time` ({self.end_time})."
+                )
+
+        # Ensure volume fluxes is either a list of floats/ints or a single float/int
+        if not isinstance(volume_fluxes, (float, int)) and not (
+            isinstance(volume_fluxes, list)
+            and all(isinstance(v, (float, int)) for v in volume_fluxes)
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Invalid 'volume_fluxes' input: must be a float/int or a list of floats/ints."
+            )
+
+        # Ensure each tracer concentration is either a float/int or a list of floats/ints
+        for key, val in tracer_concentrations.items():
+            if not isinstance(val, (float, int)) and not (
+                isinstance(val, list) and all(isinstance(v, (float, int)) for v in val)
+            ):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid tracer concentration for '{key}': must be a float/int or a list of floats/ints."
+                )
+
+        # Ensure that time series for 'times', 'volume_fluxes', and 'tracer_concentrations' are all the same length
+        num_times = len(times)
+
+        # Check that volume fluxes is either a constant or has the same length as 'times'
+        if isinstance(volume_fluxes, list) and len(volume_fluxes) != num_times:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"The length of `volume_fluxes` ({len(volume_fluxes)}) does not match the length of `times` ({num_times})."
+            )
+
+        # Check that tracer_concentrations are either constants or have the same length as 'times'
+        for key, tracer_values in tracer_concentrations.items():
+            if isinstance(tracer_values, list) and len(tracer_values) != num_times:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The length of tracer '{key}' ({len(tracer_values)}) does not match the length of `times` ({num_times})."
+                )
+
+        # Check that volume fluxes and tracer concentrations are valid
+        if isinstance(volume_fluxes, (float, int)) and volume_fluxes < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Volume flux must be non-negative. Got: {volume_fluxes}")
+        elif isinstance(volume_fluxes, list) and not all(v >= 0 for v in volume_fluxes):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"All entries in `volume_fluxes` must be non-negative. Got: {volume_fluxes}"
+            )
+        for key, tracer_values in tracer_concentrations.items():
+            if key != "temp":
+                if isinstance(tracer_values, (float, int)) and tracer_values < 0:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"The concentration of tracer '{key}' must be non-negative. Got: {tracer_values}"
+                    )
+                elif isinstance(tracer_values, list) and not all(
+                    c >= 0 for c in tracer_values
+                ):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"All entries in `tracer_concentrations['{key}']` must be non-negative. Got: {tracer_values}"
+                    )
+
+    def _handle_simulation_endpoints(self, times, volume_fluxes, tracer_concentrations):
+        """Ensure that the release time series starts at self.start_time and ends at
+        self.end_time.
+
+        If `volume_fluxes` is a list and does not cover the endpoints, zero volume fluxes are added.
+        Tracer concentrations are extended accordingly by duplicating endpoint values.
+        """
+
+        if len(times) > 0:
+            # Handle start_time
+            if times[0] != self.start_time:
+                if isinstance(volume_fluxes, list):
+                    volume_fluxes.insert(0, 0.0)
+
+                for key, vals in tracer_concentrations.items():
+                    if isinstance(vals, list):
+                        vals.insert(0, vals[0])
+
+                times.insert(0, self.start_time)
+
+            # Handle end_time
+            if times[-1] != self.end_time:
+                if isinstance(volume_fluxes, list):
+                    volume_fluxes.append(0.0)
+
+                for key, vals in tracer_concentrations.items():
+                    if isinstance(vals, list):
+                        vals.append(vals[-1])
+
+                times.append(self.end_time)
+
+        else:
+            times = [self.start_time, self.end_time]
+
+        return times, volume_fluxes, tracer_concentrations
+
+    def _validate_release_location(self, name, lat, lon, depth):
+        """Validates the closest grid location for a release site.
+
+        This function ensures that the given release site (lat, lon, depth) lies
+        within the ocean portion of the model grid domain. It:
+
+        - Checks if the point is within the grid domain (with buffer for boundary artifacts).
+        - Verifies that the location is not on land.
+        - Verifies that the location is not below the seafloor.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : str
+            A unique identifier for the release location.
+        lat : float
+            Latitude of the release location.
+        lon : float
+            Longitude of the release location.
+        depth : float
+            Depth (positive, in meters) of the release location.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            If the location is:
+                - Outside the model grid.
+                - On the boundary of the grid domain (eta_rho, xi_rho = 0 or max).
+                - On land (based on `mask_rho`).
+                - Below the ocean bottom (`h < depth`).
+        Warning
+            If no grid is available to validate the location.
+        """
+        if self.grid:
+            # Adjust longitude based on whether it crosses the International Date Line (straddle case)
+            if self.grid.straddle:
+                lon = xr.where(lon > 180, lon - 360, lon)
+            else:
+                lon = xr.where(lon < 0, lon + 360, lon)
+
+            dx = 1 / self.grid.ds.pm
+            dy = 1 / self.grid.ds.pn
+            max_grid_spacing = np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2) / 2
+
+            # Compute great-circle distance to all grid points
+            dist = gc_dist(self.grid.ds.lon_rho, self.grid.ds.lat_rho, lon, lat)
+            dist_min = dist.min(dim=["eta_rho", "xi_rho"])
+
+            if (dist_min > max_grid_spacing).all():
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Release site '{name}' is outside of the grid domain. "
+                    "Ensure the provided (lat, lon) falls within the model grid extent."
+                )
+
+            # Find the indices of the closest grid cell
+            indices = np.where(dist == dist_min)
+            eta_rho = indices[0][0]
+            xi_rho = indices[1][0]
+
+            eta_max = self.grid.ds.sizes["eta_rho"] - 1
+            xi_max = self.grid.ds.sizes["xi_rho"] - 1
+
+            if eta_rho in [0, eta_max] or xi_rho in [0, xi_max]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Release site '{name}' is located too close to the grid boundary. "
+                    "Place release location (lat, lon) away from grid boundaries."
+                )
+
+            if self.grid.ds.mask_rho[eta_rho, xi_rho].values == 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Release site '{name}' is on land. "
+                    "Please provide coordinates (lat, lon) over ocean."
+                )
+
+            if self.grid.ds.h[eta_rho, xi_rho].values < depth:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Release site '{name}' lies below the seafloor. "
+                    f"Seafloor depth is {self.grid.ds.h[eta_rho, xi_rho].values:.2f} m, "
+                    f"but requested depth is {depth:.2f} m. Adjust depth or location (lat, lon)."
+                )
+
+        else:
+            logging.warning(
+                "Grid not provided: cannot verify whether the specified lat/lon/depth location is within the domain or on land. "
+                "Please check manually or provide a grid when instantiating the class."
+            )
+
+    def _validate_release_input(self, releases, list_allowed=True):
+        """Validates the input for release names in plotting methods to ensure they are
+        in an acceptable format and exist within the set of valid releases.
+
+        This method ensures that the `releases` parameter is either a single release name (string) or a list
+        of release names (strings), and checks that each release exists in the set of valid releases.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        releases : str or list of str
+            A single release name as a string, or a list of release names (strings) to validate.
+
+        list_allowed : bool, optional
+            If `True`, a list of release names is allowed. If `False`, only a single release name (string)
+            is allowed. Default is `True`.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            If `releases` is not a string or list of strings, or if any release name is invalid (not in `self.releases`).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This method checks that the `releases` input is in a valid format (either a string or a list of strings),
+        and ensures each release is present in the set of valid releases defined in `self.releases`. Invalid releases
+        are reported in the error message.
+
+        If `list_allowed` is set to `False`, only a single release name (string) will be accepted. Otherwise, a
+        list of release names is also acceptable.
+        """
+
+        # Ensure that a list of releases is only allowed if `list_allowed` is True
+        if not list_allowed and not isinstance(releases, str):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Only a single release name (string) is allowed. Got: {releases}"
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(releases, str):
+            releases = [releases]  # Convert to list if a single string is provided
+        elif isinstance(releases, list):
+            if not all(isinstance(r, str) for r in releases):
+                raise ValueError("All elements in `releases` list must be strings.")
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "`releases` should be a string (single release name) or a list of strings (release names)."
+            )
+
+        # Validate that the specified releases exist in self.releases
+        valid_releases = [k for k in self.releases if k != "_tracer_metadata"]
+        invalid_releases = [
+            release for release in releases if release not in valid_releases
+        ]
+        if invalid_releases:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid releases: {', '.join(invalid_releases)}")
+
+    def _get_release_colors(self):
+        """Returns a dictionary of colors for the valid releases, based on a consistent
+        colormap.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict
+            A dictionary where the keys are release names and the values are their corresponding colors,
+            assigned based on the order of releases in the valid releases list.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            If the number of valid releases exceeds the available colormap capacity.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The colormap is chosen dynamically based on the number of valid releases:
+
+        - If there are 10 or fewer releases, the "tab10" colormap is used.
+        - If there are more than 10 but fewer than or equal to 20 releases, the "tab20" colormap is used.
+        - For more than 20 releases, the "tab20b" colormap is used.
+        """
+
+        valid_releases = [k for k in self.releases if k != "_tracer_metadata"]
+
+        # Determine the colormap based on the number of releases
+        if len(valid_releases) <= 10:
+            color_map = cm.get_cmap("tab10")
+        elif len(valid_releases) <= 20:
+            color_map = cm.get_cmap("tab20")
+        else:
+            color_map = cm.get_cmap("tab20b")
+
+        # Ensure the number of releases doesn't exceed the available colormap capacity
+        if len(valid_releases) > color_map.N:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Too many releases. The selected colormap supports up to {color_map.N} releases."
+            )
+
+        # Create a dictionary of colors based on the release indices
+        colors = {name: color_map(i) for i, name in enumerate(valid_releases)}
+
+        return colors