rock-physics-open 0.3.2__py3-none-any.whl

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/gas_model/gas_properties.py

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import exp, sqrt
+from scipy.constants import gas_constant
+
+from rock_physics_open.equinor_utilities.conversions import celsius_to_kelvin
+
+AIR_WEIGHT = 28.8 * 1.0e-3  # kg/mol
+
+
+def gas_properties(
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+    model: str | None = None,
+) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+    """
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure (Pa)
+    :param temperature: Temperature (Celsius).
+    :param model: for future use
+    :return: vel_gas [m/s], den_gas [kg/m^3], k_gas [Pa], eta_gas [cP]
+    """
+
+    den_gas = gas_density(celsius_to_kelvin(temperature), pressure, gas_gravity)
+
+    k_gas = gas_bulk_modulus(celsius_to_kelvin(temperature), pressure, gas_gravity)
+
+    vel_gas = (k_gas / den_gas) ** 0.5
+
+    eta_gas = lee_gas_viscosity(celsius_to_kelvin(temperature), pressure, gas_gravity)
+
+    return vel_gas, den_gas, k_gas, eta_gas
+
+
+def molecular_weight(gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    calculates molecular weight of a gas from gas gravity.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :return: The volume of the gas in kg/mol.
+    """
+    return gas_gravity * AIR_WEIGHT
+
+
+def molar_volume(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    calculates molar volume using the ideal gas law.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: The volume of the gas in m^3/mol.
+    """
+
+    return gas_constant * absolute_temperature / pressure
+
+
+def ideal_gas_density(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    calculates molar volume using the ideal gas law.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: The density of the gas in kg/m^3
+    """
+    return molecular_weight(gas_gravity) / molar_volume(absolute_temperature, pressure)
+
+
+def ideal_gas_primary_velocity(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :return: The compressional wave velocity of the gas in m/s.
+    """
+    return sqrt(gas_constant * absolute_temperature / molecular_weight(gas_gravity))
+
+
+def ideal_gas(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> tuple[np.ndarray | float, np.ndarray | float]:
+    """
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: ideal_gas_velocity [m/s], ideal_gas_density [kg/m^3],
+    """
+    ideal_gas_den = ideal_gas_density(absolute_temperature, pressure, gas_gravity)
+    ideal_gas_vel = ideal_gas_primary_velocity(absolute_temperature, gas_gravity)
+    return ideal_gas_vel, ideal_gas_den
+
+
+def pseudoreduced_temperature(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    calculates pseudoreduced temperature, equation 9a from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    Uses relationship from
+
+    Thomas, L. K., Hankinson, R. W., and Phillips, K. A., 1970,
+    Determination of acoustic velocities for natural gas: J. Petr.
+    Tech., 22, 889-892.
+
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :return: Pseudoreduced temperature in kelvin.
+    """
+    return absolute_temperature / (94.72 + 170.75 * gas_gravity)
+
+
+def pseudoreduced_pressure(
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    calculates pseudoreduced pressure, equation 9a from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    Uses relationship from
+
+    Thomas, L. K., Hankinson, R. W., and Phillips, K. A., 1970,
+    Determination of acoustic velocities for natural gas: J. Petr.
+    Tech., 22, 889-892.
+
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: Pseudoreduced pressure in Pa.
+    """
+    return pressure / (4.892 - 0.4048 * gas_gravity)
+
+
+def compressibility_factor(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    calculates compressability hydro-carbon gas, equation 10b and 10c from
+    Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: Gas compressibility - unitless
+    """
+    tpr = pseudoreduced_temperature(absolute_temperature, gas_gravity)
+
+    # Pseudoreduced pressure has unit MPa in equation
+    ppr = pseudoreduced_pressure(pressure, gas_gravity) * 1.0e-6
+
+    return (
+        (0.03 + 0.00527 * (3.5 - tpr) ** 3) * ppr
+        + 0.642 * tpr
+        - 0.007 * tpr**4
+        - 0.52
+        + 0.109
+        * (3.85 - tpr) ** 2
+        / exp((0.45 + 8.0 * (0.56 - 1 / tpr) ** 2) * ppr**1.2 / tpr)
+    )
+
+
+def gas_density(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    The density of hydro-carbon gas, using equation 10 from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: The density of the gas in kg/m^3
+    """
+
+    _, ideal_gas_den = ideal_gas(absolute_temperature, pressure, gas_gravity)
+    return ideal_gas_den / compressibility_factor(
+        absolute_temperature, pressure, gas_gravity
+    )
+
+
+def compressibility_rate_per_pseudoreduced_pressure(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Derivate of compressability_factor with respect to pressure.
+
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in MPa.
+    :return: Derivative of the compressibility factor (unitless) with respect to pseudoreduced pressure
+    """
+    tpr = pseudoreduced_temperature(absolute_temperature, gas_gravity)
+
+    # Pseudoreduced pressure is expected to be in MPa in the expression
+    ppr = pseudoreduced_pressure(pressure, gas_gravity) * 1.0e-6
+
+    return (
+        0.03
+        + 0.00527 * (3.5 - tpr) ** 3
+        - (
+            0.1308
+            * (0.45 + 8 * (0.56 - tpr ** (-1)) ** 2)
+            * (3.85 - tpr) ** 2
+            * ppr**0.2
+        )
+        / (exp(((0.45 + 8 * (0.56 - tpr ** (-1)) ** 2) * ppr**1.2) / tpr) * tpr)
+    )
+
+
+def gas_bulk_modulus(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    The bulk modulus of hydro-carbon gas, using equation 11 from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :return: The bulk modulus of the gas in Pa.
+    """
+    z = compressibility_factor(absolute_temperature, pressure, gas_gravity)
+    dz_dppr = compressibility_rate_per_pseudoreduced_pressure(
+        absolute_temperature, pressure, gas_gravity
+    )
+
+    # Set ppr in unit MPa in order to use it in calculation of gamma_0
+    ppr = pseudoreduced_pressure(pressure, gas_gravity) * 1.0e-6
+
+    # Equation 11b
+    gamma_0 = (
+        0.85
+        + 5.6 / (ppr + 2)
+        + 27.1 / ((ppr + 3.5) ** 2)
+        - 8.7 * exp(-0.65 * (ppr + 1))
+    )
+
+    return gamma_0 * pressure / (1 - dz_dppr * ppr / z)
+
+
+def gas_viscosity(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    The gas viscosity of hydrocarbon gas, using equations 12 and 13 of Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param absolute_temperature: The absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air mas.
+    :return: The gas viscosity of the gas in cP.
+    """
+    temp_pr = pseudoreduced_temperature(absolute_temperature, gas_gravity)
+
+    # Pseudoreduced pressure should be in unit MPa
+    pres_pr = pseudoreduced_pressure(pressure, gas_gravity) * 1.0e-6
+
+    eta_1 = 0.0001 * (
+        temp_pr * (28.0 + 48.0 * gas_gravity - 5.0 * gas_gravity**2)
+        - 6.47 * gas_gravity**-2
+        + 35.0 * gas_gravity**-1
+        + 1.14 * gas_gravity
+        - 15.55
+    )
+    return eta_1 * (
+        0.001
+        * pres_pr
+        * (
+            (1057.0 - 8.08 * temp_pr) / pres_pr
+            + (796.0 * pres_pr**0.5 - 704.0)
+            / (((temp_pr - 1.0) ** 0.7) * (pres_pr + 1.0))
+            - 3.24 * temp_pr
+            - 38.0
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def lee_gas_viscosity(
+    absolute_temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    :param absolute_temperature: Absolute temperature of the gas in kelvin.
+    :param pressure: Confining pressure in Pa.
+    :param gas_gravity: specific gravity of gas relative to air.
+    :return: gas viscosity in cP
+
+    Reference
+    ---------
+    Lee, J. D., et al. (1966). "Viscosity of Natural Gas." In The American Institute of
+    Chemical Engineers Journal, Volume 12, Issue 6, pp. 1058-1062.
+
+    Original equation is given in imperial units. Inputs are transformed to temperature
+    in Farenheit and pressure in psi
+    """
+    temp_far = (absolute_temperature - 273.15) * 9.0 / 5.0 + 32.0
+    pres_psi = pressure / 6894.757
+    return (
+        0.001
+        * (temp_far + 459.67) ** 0.5
+        / pres_psi
+        * (0.7 + 1.5 * gas_gravity)
+        / (gas_gravity + 1) ** 1.5
+    )

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/oil_model/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .oil_properties import oil_properties
+
+__all__ = [
+    "oil_properties",
+]

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/oil_model/dead_oil_density.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def pressure_adjusted_dead_oil_density(
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    reference_density: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Adjusts density of a dead oil (without dissolved gas) to a given pressure.
+
+    Uses equation 18 from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param reference_density: The density [kg/m^3] of the dead oil at 15.6 degrees Celsius
+        and atmospheric pressure.
+    :param pressure: Pressure [Pa] to adjust to.
+    :return: Density of oil at given pressure and 21 degrees Celsius (~70 degrees
+    Farenheit). [kg/m^3]
+    """
+    pressure_mpa = pressure / 1e6
+    density_gcc = reference_density / 1000.0
+    return 1000.0 * (
+        density_gcc
+        + (0.00277 * pressure_mpa - 1.71e-7 * pressure_mpa**3)
+        * (density_gcc - 1.15) ** 2
+        + 3.49e-4 * pressure_mpa
+    )
+
+
+def temperature_adjusted_dead_oil_density(
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    density_at_21c: np.ndarray,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Adjusts density of a dead oil (without dissolved gas) to a given temperature.
+
+    Uses equation 19 from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param density_at_21c: The density [kg/m^3] of the dead oil at 21 degrees Celsius
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :return: Density of oil at given temperature. [kg/m^3]
+    """
+    density_at_21c_gcc = density_at_21c / 1000.0
+    return (
+        1000.0 * density_at_21c_gcc / (0.972 + 3.81e-4 * (temperature + 17.78) ** 1.175)
+    )
+
+
+def dead_oil_density(
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    reference_density: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    The density of oil without dissolved gas (dead).
+
+    Uses equation 18 & 19 from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param reference_density: Density of oil at 15.6 degrees Celsius and atmospheric
+        pressure [kg/m^3]
+    :param pressure: Pressure [Pa] of oil
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :return: density of dead oil at given conditions (kg/m^3).
+    """
+    density_p = pressure_adjusted_dead_oil_density(pressure, reference_density)
+    return temperature_adjusted_dead_oil_density(temperature, density_p)

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/oil_model/dead_oil_velocity.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def dead_oil_velocity(
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float,
+    reference_density: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    The primary wave velocity in oil without dissolved gas (dead).
+
+    Uses equation 20a from Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param reference_density: Density of oil at 15.6 degrees Celsius and atmospheric
+        pressure [kg/m^3]
+    :param pressure: Pressure [Pa] of oil
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :return: primary velocity of dead oil in m/s.
+    """
+    pressure_mpa = pressure * 1e-6
+    density_gcc = reference_density / 1000.0
+    return (
+        2096 * np.sqrt(density_gcc / (2.6 - density_gcc))
+        - 3.7 * temperature
+        + 4.64 * pressure_mpa
+        + 0.0115
+        * (4.12 * np.sqrt(1.08 * density_gcc**-1 - 1) - 1)
+        * temperature
+        * pressure_mpa
+    )

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/oil_model/live_oil_density.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def live_oil_density(
+    temperature,
+    pressure: np.ndarray | float | None,
+    reference_density: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_oil_ratio: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Density of live oil at saturation.
+
+    Equation 24 in Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param reference_density: Density of the oil without dissolved gas
+        at 15.6 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. [kg/m^3]
+    :param pressure: Pressure [Pa] of oil (for future implementation only)
+    :param gas_oil_ratio: The volume ratio of gas to oil [l/l]
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :return: Density of live oil [kg/m^3].
+    """
+    density_gcc = reference_density / 1000.0
+    b0 = live_oil_volume_factor(
+        temperature, reference_density, gas_oil_ratio, gas_gravity
+    )
+    return 1000.0 * (density_gcc + 0.0012 * gas_gravity * gas_oil_ratio) / b0
+
+
+def live_oil_pseudo_density(
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    reference_density: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_oil_ratio: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Pseudo density used to substitute reference density in dead_oil_wave_velocity
+    for live oils.
+
+    Equation 22 in Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param reference_density: Density of the oil without dissolved gas
+        at 15.6 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. [kg/m^3]
+    :param gas_oil_ratio: The volume ratio of gas to oil [l/l]
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :return: Pseudo-density of live oil [kg/m^3].
+    """
+    density_gcc = reference_density / 1000.0
+    b0 = live_oil_volume_factor(
+        temperature, reference_density, gas_oil_ratio, gas_gravity
+    )
+    return 1000.0 * (density_gcc / b0) / (1 + 0.001 * gas_oil_ratio)
+
+
+def live_oil_volume_factor(
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+    reference_density: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_oil_ratio: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Volume factor derived by Standing (1962), equation 23 in Batzle & Wang [1].
+    :param reference_density: Density of the oil without dissolved gas
+        at 15.6 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. [kg/m^3]
+    :param gas_oil_ratio: The volume ratio of gas to oil [l/l]
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :return: A volume factor in calculating pseudo-density of live oil [unitless].
+    """
+    density_gcc = reference_density / 1000.0
+    return (
+        0.972
+        + 0.00038
+        * (
+            2.4 * gas_oil_ratio * np.sqrt(gas_gravity / density_gcc)
+            + temperature
+            + 17.8
+        )
+        ** 1.175
+    )

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/oil_model/live_oil_velocity.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from .dead_oil_velocity import dead_oil_velocity
+from .live_oil_density import live_oil_pseudo_density
+
+
+def live_oil_velocity(
+    temperature, pressure, reference_density, gas_oil_ratio, gas_gravity
+):
+    """
+    Primary wave velocity of live oil at saturation.
+
+    Substitute Equation 22 in Equation 20 of Batzle & Wang [1].
+
+    :param reference_density: Density of the oil without dissolved gas
+        at 15.6 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. [kg/m^3]
+    :param pressure: Pressure [Pa] of oil
+    :param gas_oil_ratio: The volume ratio of gas to oil [l/l]
+    :param temperature: Temperature [°C] of oil.
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :return: Primary wave velocity of live oil [m/s].
+    """
+    rho_marked = live_oil_pseudo_density(
+        temperature, reference_density, gas_oil_ratio, gas_gravity
+    )
+    return dead_oil_velocity(temperature, pressure, rho_marked)

rock_physics_open/fluid_models/oil_model/oil_bubble_point.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def bp_standing(
+    density: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_oil_ratio: np.ndarray | float,
+    gas_gravity: np.ndarray | float,
+    temperature: np.ndarray | float,
+) -> np.ndarray | float:
+    """
+    Reservoir oils include some natural gas in solution. The pressure at which
+    this natural gas begins to come out of solution and form bubbles is known
+    as the bubble point pressure. See https://petrowiki.org/Oil_bubblepoint_pressure
+    Based on the correlation from:
+    Standing, M. B. "A pressure-volume-temperature correlation for mixtures of
+    California oils and gases." Drilling and Production Practice. American
+    Petroleum Institute, 1947.
+    Uses refinment described here: https://petrowiki.org/Oil_bubblepoint_pressure
+    :param density: density of oil at room conditions [kg/m^3]
+    :param gas_oil_ratio: The volume ratio of gas to oil [l/l]
+    :param gas_gravity: molar mass of gas relative to air molar mas.
+    :param temperature: temperature of oil [°C]
+    :return: bubble point pressure [Pa]
+    """
+
+    # Standing, M.B. (1947) uses:
+    # * pressure in psi
+    # * temperature in F
+    # * gas oil ratio in cu ft per bbl
+    # * bubble point in in absolute psi
+    # * gravity_of_tank_oil in API
+    #
+    # The paper describes that bubble point is a function of
+    # (gor / gr) ** 0.83
+    #   * (10**(0.00091 * t)/10**(0.0125*gravity_of_tank_oil))
+    #
+    # and gives the following example:
+    #   Bubble point pressure at 200° F
+    #   of a liquid having gas-oil ratio
+    #   350 CFB, a gas gravity 0.75, and
+    #   a tank oil gravity of 30° API.
+    #   The required pressure is found
+    #   to be 1930 psia.
+    #
+    # We could scale to fit this example, however,
+    # we use 1896 psia.
+    #
+    # For density in kg/m^3:
+    # 10**(0.0125*gravity_of_tank_oil)=
+    #        10**(1770.79/density - 1.64375)=
+    #         e**(4072.69738323/density - 3.78487)
+    # For temperature in Celsius:
+    #    10**(0.00091 * Farenheit) =
+    #    10**(0.001638*Celsius + 0.02912) =
+    #     e**(0.00377163*Celsius + 0.0670513)
+    #
+    # Removing constants factors we get
+    # (gor_ratio /
+    #  gas_gravity)) ** 0.83 / ( np.exp(4072.69738323 / density -
+    #  0.00377163438 * temperature_c)
+    #
+    # The equation occurs in this form as equation 21a in
+    # Batzle, Michael, and Zhijing Wang. "Seismic properties of pore fluids."
+    # Geophysics 57.11 (1992): 1396-1408.
+
+    ratio = gas_oil_ratio / gas_gravity
+    denominator = np.exp(4072 / density - 0.00377 * temperature)
+
+    return 24469793.9134 * ratio**0.83 / denominator