relationalai 0.13.5__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.0a1__py3-none-any.whl

relationalai/shims/mm2v0.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1324 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace as dc_replace
+from typing import  Dict, Sequence as seq, Iterable
+from enum import Enum
+from math import pi
+
+# PyRel imports
+from ..util.naming import sanitize
+from ..semantics.metamodel import metamodel as mm
+from ..semantics.metamodel.builtins import builtins as b, is_abstract
+from ..semantics.metamodel.metamodel_analyzer import Normalize
+# ensure std libs are loaded
+from ..semantics.metamodel.metamodel_analyzer import VarFinder
+from ..semantics.metamodel.rewriter import Walker
+from ..semantics.std import aggregates, common, math, numbers, re, strings, decimals, datetime, floats
+from ..semantics.backends.lqp import annotations as lqp_annotations
+
+# V0 imports
+from v0.relationalai.semantics.metamodel import ir as v0, builtins as v0_builtins, types as v0_types, factory as f
+from v0.relationalai.semantics.metamodel.util import FrozenOrderedSet, frozen, ordered_set, filter_by_type, OrderedSet
+from v0.relationalai.semantics.internal.internal import literal_value_to_type
+
+from .hoister import Hoister
+from .helpers import is_output_update, is_main_output
+
+#------------------------------------------------------
+# Simplified translation API
+#------------------------------------------------------
+def translate(model: mm.Model) -> v0.Model:
+    return Translator().translate_model(model)
+
+#------------------------------------------------------
+# Implementation
+#------------------------------------------------------
+class Context(Enum):
+    # when translating tasks (i.e. runtime behavior)
+    TASK = 1
+    # when translating the static structure of the model (types, relations, etc.)
+    MODEL = 2
+
+@dataclass
+class Translator():
+
+    stack: list[mm.Node] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    # maps from mm.Node id to the v0.Node created for it
+    # for Context=TASK
+    task_map: Dict[int, v0.Node] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    # for Context=MODEL
+    model_map: Dict[int, v0.Node] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    # map from a var that is bound to a table, to the list of vars that were used to construct
+    # this var. This var is going to be used as a key to an output.
+    key_map: Dict[mm.Var, seq[v0.Var]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    # map from a var that is bound to a data, to the data itself. This is used to translate
+    # lookups on this var into v0 Data nodes.
+    data_map: Dict[mm.Var, mm.Var] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    # map from a var that is bound to an external table, to the vars of its fields
+    column_map: defaultdict[mm.Var, dict[mm.Relation, v0.Value]] = field(default_factory=lambda: defaultdict(dict))
+
+    # used tables
+    used_tables: OrderedSet[mm.Table] = field(default_factory=lambda: ordered_set())
+
+    # when translating a relation that has multiple readings, we need to translate to multiple
+    # relations in v0, and we need to add rules to populate those relations. We also need rules
+    # to populate super types from sub types.
+    maintenance_rules: list[v0.Logical] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    # outputs that are exports
+    exports: set[v0.Output] = field(default_factory=set)
+
+    hoister = Hoister()
+    normalize = Normalize()
+
+    def get(self, ctx: Context, node: mm.Node):
+        if ctx == Context.MODEL:
+            return self.model_map.get(node.id, None)
+        else:
+            return self.task_map.get(node.id, None)
+    def set(self, ctx: Context, node: mm.Node, value: v0.Node):
+        if ctx == Context.MODEL:
+            self.model_map[node.id] = value  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            self.task_map[node.id] = value  # type: ignore
+
+    def translate_node(self, node: mm.Node, parent=None, ctx=Context.TASK) -> v0.Node|seq[v0.Node]:
+        x = self.get(ctx, node)
+        if x is not None:
+            return x
+
+        source_class_name = node.__class__.__name__.lower()
+        translator = getattr(self, f"translate_{source_class_name}", None)
+        if translator is None:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"No translator for node type: {source_class_name}")
+
+        if parent:
+            self.stack.append(parent)
+        result = translator(node, parent, ctx)
+        if parent:
+            self.stack.pop()
+
+        self.set(ctx, node, result)
+        return result
+
+    def translate_value(self, value: mm.Value, parent, ctx) -> v0.Value:
+        # Value = _Union[Var, Literal, Type, Relation, seq["Value"], None]
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        elif isinstance(value, mm.ScalarType) or isinstance(value, mm.Relation):
+            return self.translate_node(value, parent, Context.MODEL) # type: ignore
+        elif isinstance(value, seq):
+            return self.translate_seq(value, parent, ctx) # type: ignore
+        return self.translate_node(value, parent, ctx) # type: ignore
+
+
+    def translate_seq(self, nodes: seq[mm.Node], parent, ctx) -> tuple[v0.Node,...]:
+        res = []
+        for n in nodes:
+            x = self.translate_node(n, parent, ctx)
+            # flat map would be great here
+            if isinstance(x, list) or isinstance(x, tuple):
+                res.extend(x)
+            elif x is not None:
+                res.append(x)
+        return tuple(res)
+
+    def translate_frozen(self, nodes: seq[mm.Node], parent, ctx) -> FrozenOrderedSet[v0.Node]:
+        return frozen(*self.translate_seq(nodes, parent, ctx))
+
+
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Capabilities, Reasoners
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def translate_capability(self, c: mm.Capability, parent: mm.Reasoner, ctx) -> v0.Capability:
+        return v0.Capability(name=c.name)
+
+    def translate_reasoner(self, r: mm.Reasoner|None, parent, ctx) -> v0.Engine|None:
+        if r is None:
+            return None
+        return v0.Engine(
+            name=f"{r.id}", # no name field in v0, so use id
+            platform=r.type,
+            info=r.info,
+            capabilities=self.translate_frozen(r.capabilities, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+            relations=self.translate_frozen(r.relations, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(r.annotations, r, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Relation
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def translate_field(self, f: mm.Field, parent, ctx) -> v0.Field:
+        return v0.Field(
+            name=f.name,
+            type=self.translate_node(f.type, f, Context.MODEL), # type: ignore
+            input=f.input,
+        )
+
+    def translate_reading(self, r: mm.Reading, parent: mm.Relation, ctx) -> v0.Relation:
+        # Readings in v0 are represented as separate Relation nodes with different field orders
+        fields = []
+        for i in r.field_order:
+            fields.append(self.translate_field(parent.fields[i], r, ctx))
+
+        # this is not totally correct, we are translating the parent's overloads here, but
+        # the order of fields would be different. However, it's unlikely we will have multiple
+        # readings AND overloads in the same relation, so this is acceptable for now.
+        return v0.Relation(
+            name=f"{parent.name}_{parent.readings.index(r)}",
+            fields=tuple(fields),
+            requires=frozen(),
+            annotations=frozen(),
+            overloads=self.translate_frozen(parent.overloads, parent, ctx), # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_overload(self, o: mm.Overload, parent: mm.Relation, ctx) -> v0.Relation:
+        # Overloads in v0 are represented as separate Relation nodes with different types
+        fields = []
+        for field, typ in zip(parent.fields, o.types):
+            fields.append(
+                v0.Field(name=field.name, type=self.translate_node(typ, field, ctx), input=field.input) # type: ignore
+            )
+        return v0.Relation(
+            name=parent.name,
+            fields=tuple(fields),
+            requires=frozen(),
+            annotations=frozen(),
+            overloads=frozen()
+        )
+
+    # map builtin relations by name
+    BUILTIN_RELATION_MAP = {}
+    RENAMES = {
+        "degrees": "rad2deg",
+        "radians": "deg2rad",
+        "len": "num_chars",
+        "power": "pow",
+        "^": "pow",
+        "like": "like_match",
+        "regex_escape": "escape_regex_metachars",
+    }
+    for lib in ["core", "aggregates", "common", "datetime", "floats", "math", "numbers", "strings", "re", "lqp"]:
+        for x in b._libraries[lib].data.values():
+            v0_name = RENAMES.get(x.name, x.name)
+            if v0_name in v0_builtins.builtin_relations_by_name:
+                BUILTIN_RELATION_MAP[x] = v0_builtins.builtin_relations_by_name[v0_name]
+
+    def translate_relation(self, r: mm.Relation, parent, ctx):
+        if r in self.BUILTIN_RELATION_MAP:
+            return self.BUILTIN_RELATION_MAP[r]
+
+        if r is b.numbers.parse_number:
+            if isinstance(parent, mm.Lookup):
+                assert(isinstance(parent.args[1], mm.Var))
+                out_type = parent.args[1].type
+                assert(isinstance(out_type, mm.NumberType))
+                if out_type.scale == 0:
+                    return v0_builtins.parse_int128 if out_type.precision > 19 else v0_builtins.parse_int64
+                else:
+                    return v0_builtins.parse_decimal
+
+        # relations can be accessed by any context; if it exists in the other context, use it
+        other_ctx = Context.MODEL if ctx == Context.TASK else Context.TASK
+        x = self.get(other_ctx, r)
+        if x is not None:
+            return x  # type: ignore
+
+        if len(r.readings) > 1:
+            # if there are multiple readings, create a relation per reading
+            relations = self.translate_seq(r.readings, r, ctx) # type: ignore
+
+            # also create a rule to populate the other readings from the main relation
+            main_relation = relations[0]
+            assert isinstance(main_relation, v0.Relation)
+            main_relation_args = tuple(v0.Var(type=field.type, name=field.name) for field in main_relation.fields)
+            for reading in r.readings[1:]:
+                relation = relations[r.readings.index(reading)]
+                assert isinstance(relation, v0.Relation)
+                # lookup from main_relation and derive into this relation
+                self.maintenance_rules.append(v0.Logical(
+                    engine=None,
+                    hoisted=(),
+                    body=(
+                        v0.Lookup(
+                            engine=None,
+                            relation=main_relation,
+                            args=main_relation_args,
+                            annotations=frozen(),
+                        ),
+                        v0.Update(
+                            engine=None,
+                            relation=relation,
+                            args=tuple([main_relation_args[idx] for idx in reading.field_order]),
+                            effect=v0.Effect.derive,
+                            annotations=frozen(),
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    annotations=frozen(),
+                ))
+            return relations
+        else:
+            # if there are no readings or a single reading, create a single relation
+
+            # if this is a placeholder relation, fill overloads with all non-placeholder relations
+            # with the same name
+            overloads = ordered_set()
+            if all(field.type == b.core.Any for field in r.fields):
+                for rr in self.relations_by_name[r.name]:
+                    if any(field.type != b.core.Any for field in rr.fields):
+                        x = self.translate_relation(rr, r, ctx)
+                        if isinstance(x, v0.Relation):
+                            overloads.add(x)
+                        else:
+                            overloads.update(x) # type: ignore
+            overloads.update(self.translate_frozen(r.overloads, r, ctx))  # type: ignore
+
+            return v0.Relation(
+                name=r.name,
+                fields=self.translate_frozen(r.fields, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+                requires=self.translate_frozen(r.requires, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(r.annotations, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+                overloads=overloads.frozen(), # type: ignore
+            )
+
+    def translate_unresolvedrelation(self, r: mm.UnresolvedRelation, parent, ctx):
+        # treat unresolved relations the same as normal relations for now
+        return self.translate_relation(r, parent, ctx)
+
+    #------------------------------------------------------
+    # Annotation
+    #------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def translate_annotation(self, a: mm.Annotation, parent, ctx) -> v0.Annotation:
+        if a.relation.name in v0_builtins.builtin_annotations_by_name:
+            return getattr(v0_builtins, a.relation.name + "_annotation")  # type: ignore
+
+        return v0.Annotation(
+            relation=self.translate_node(a.relation, a, Context.MODEL), # type: ignore
+            args=tuple(self.translate_value(arg, a, ctx) for arg in a.args)
+        )
+
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Types
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    BUILTIN_TYPE_MAP = {
+        # Abstract types (should be removed once our typer is done because they should not
+        # show up in the typed metamodel.)
+        b.core.Any: v0_types.Any,
+        # b.core.AnyEntity: v0_types.AnyEntity,
+        b.core.Number: v0_types.Number, # v0 typer can figure the rest out
+        # Concrete types
+        b.core.Boolean: v0_types.Bool,
+        b.core.String: v0_types.String,
+        b.core.Date: v0_types.Date,
+        b.core.DateTime: v0_types.DateTime,
+        b.core.Float: v0_types.Float,
+    }
+
+    def translate_scalartype(self, t: mm.ScalarType, parent: mm.Node, ctx) -> v0.ScalarType|v0.Relation|None:
+        if t in self.BUILTIN_TYPE_MAP:
+            return self.BUILTIN_TYPE_MAP[t]
+
+        if ctx == Context.TASK:
+            # in task context, this is a lookup or update on a concept population relation
+            # TODO - removing this filter for now
+            actual_type = self.translate_node(t, t, Context.MODEL)
+            assert isinstance(actual_type, v0.ScalarType)
+            fields = [v0.Field(name="entity", type=actual_type, input=False)] # type: ignore
+            annotations = [v0_builtins.concept_relation_annotation]
+            if isinstance(t, mm.Table):
+                annotations.append(v0_builtins.external_annotation)
+                annotations.append(v0_builtins.from_cdc_annotation)
+                for col in t.columns:
+                    fields.append(v0.Field(
+                        name=col.name,
+                        type=self.translate_node(col.fields[-1].type, col, Context.MODEL), # type: ignore
+                        input=False
+                    ))
+
+            type_relation = v0.Relation(
+                name=t.name,
+                fields=tuple(fields), # type: ignore
+                requires=frozen(),
+                annotations=frozen(*annotations), # type: ignore
+                overloads=frozen()
+            )
+            for super_type in t.super_types:
+                super_rel = self.translate_node(super_type, t, Context.TASK)
+                if not super_rel:
+                    continue
+                assert isinstance(super_rel, v0.Relation)
+                v = v0.Var(type=actual_type, name=type_relation.name.lower())
+                self.maintenance_rules.append(v0.Logical(
+                    engine=None,
+                    hoisted=(),
+                    body=(
+                        v0.Lookup(
+                            engine=None,
+                            relation=type_relation,
+                            args=(v,),
+                            annotations=frozen(),
+                        ),
+                        v0.Update(
+                            engine=None,
+                            relation=super_rel,
+                            args=(v,),
+                            effect=v0.Effect.derive,
+                            annotations=frozen(),
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    annotations=frozen(),
+                ))
+            return type_relation
+
+        extends=[]
+        if isinstance(t, mm.Table):
+            extends.append(v0_types.RowId)
+
+        for st in t.super_types:
+            # for now make all value types extending number be Int64, we will fix this with a new typer
+            if st == b.core.Number:
+                translated_st = v0_types.Number
+            else:
+                translated_st = self.translate_node(st, t, ctx)
+            extends.append(translated_st)
+
+        return v0.ScalarType(
+            name=t.name,
+            super_types=frozen(*extends), # type: ignore
+            # super_types=self.translate_frozen(t.super_types, t, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(t.annotations, t, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_numbertype(self, t: mm.NumberType, parent, ctx):
+        if t.scale == 0:
+            return v0_types.Int128 if t.precision > 19 else v0_types.Int64
+        return v0.DecimalType(
+            name=t.name,
+            precision=t.precision,
+            scale=t.scale,
+            super_types=frozen(),
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(t.annotations, t, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_uniontype(self, t: mm.UnionType, parent, ctx) -> v0.UnionType:
+        return v0.UnionType(
+            types=self.translate_frozen(t.types, t, ctx), # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_listtype(self, t: mm.ListType, parent, ctx) -> v0.ListType:
+        return v0.ListType(
+            element_type=self.translate_node(t.element_type, t, ctx), # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_tupletype(self, t: mm.TupleType, parent, ctx) -> v0.TupleType:
+        return v0.TupleType(
+            types=self.translate_seq(t.element_types, t, ctx), # type: ignore
+        )
+
+
+    #------------------------------------------------------
+    # Table
+    #------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # TODO - this depends on what is using it, it may become an Output
+    # class Table(ScalarType):
+    #     columns: seq[Relation] = tuple_field()
+    #     uri: str = ""
+
+    def translate_table(self, t: mm.Table, parent, ctx):
+        return self.translate_scalartype(t, parent, ctx)
+
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Values
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # Primitive = _Union[str, int, float, bool, _dt.datetime, None]
+
+    def translate_var(self, v: mm.Var, parent, ctx) -> v0.Var:
+        if isinstance(parent, mm.Lookup):
+            root_type = parent.relation.fields[0].type
+            root_arg = parent.args[0]
+            if isinstance(root_arg, mm.Var) \
+                and isinstance(root_type, mm.Table) \
+                and (existing := self.column_map[root_arg].get(parent.relation)):
+                return existing # type: ignore
+
+        return v0.Var(
+            type=self.translate_node(v.type, v, Context.MODEL), # type: ignore
+            name=v.name
+        )
+
+    def translate_literal(self, l: mm.Literal, parent, ctx) -> v0.Literal:
+        typ = None
+        if l.type is None or is_abstract(l.type):
+            # force int64 for literals, it can be widened later if needed
+            if  type(l.value) == int:
+                typ = v0_types.Int64
+            else:
+                # using v0's map of literal to type
+                typ = literal_value_to_type(l.value)
+        else:
+            typ = self.translate_node(l.type, l, Context.MODEL)
+        if type is None:
+            pass
+        return v0.Literal(
+            type=typ, # type: ignore
+            value=l.value
+        )
+
+    # Value = _Union[Var, Literal, Type, Relation, seq["Value"], None]
+
+    # # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # # Tasks (process algebra)
+    # # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    # @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+    # class Task(Node):
+    #     reasoner: Optional[Reasoner] = None
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # Control Flow
+    # -----------------------------
+
+    def _merge_outputs(self, children: seq[v0.Node], outputs:list[v0.Output]):
+        # We need to always rewrite the outputs, even if there's only one, because
+        # we may need to mark it as an export and handle the NO_KEYS case.
+        # if len(outputs) < 2:
+        #     return children
+
+        children = list(children)
+
+        # merge all outputs, accumulating keys and aliases
+        keys = ordered_set()
+        aliases = ordered_set()
+        for output in outputs:
+            assert isinstance(output, v0.Output)
+            children.remove(output)
+            if output.keys is not None:
+                keys.update(output.keys)
+            aliases.update(output.aliases)
+
+        # add a single, merged output
+        is_export = any(output in self.exports for output in outputs)
+        annos = (v0_builtins.export_annotation,) if is_export else ()
+        if is_export and not keys:
+            key_var = v0.Var(type=v0_types.Hash, name="export_key")
+            vals = [alias[1] for alias in aliases]
+            children.append(v0.Construct(
+                engine=None,
+                values=(v0.Literal(type=v0_types.String, value="NO_KEYS"), *vals),
+                id_var=key_var,
+            ))
+            keys.add(key_var)
+
+        children.append(
+                v0.Output(
+                    engine=None,
+                    aliases=frozen(*aliases),
+                    keys=frozen(*keys),
+                    annotations=frozen(*annos)
+                )
+            )
+        return tuple(children)
+
+    def get_outputs(self, children: seq[v0.Node]) -> list[v0.Output]:
+        return list(filter(lambda o: isinstance(o, v0.Output), children)) # type: ignore
+
+    def translate_logical(self, l: mm.Logical, parent, ctx):
+        # first process children
+        children = self.translate_seq(l.body, l, ctx)
+
+        # inline logicals if possible
+        new_children = []
+        for c in children:
+            if isinstance(c, v0.Logical) and not c.hoisted and len(c.body) == 1:
+                new_children.extend(c.body)
+            else:
+                new_children.append(c)
+        # children = children if len(children) == len(new_children) else tuple(new_children)
+        children = tuple(new_children)
+
+        # compute variables to hoist, wrapping in Default if the logical is optional
+        if l.optional:
+            hoisted = tuple([v0.Default(self.translate_node(v, l, ctx), None) for v in self.hoister.hoisted(l)]) # type: ignore
+        else:
+            hoisted = tuple([self.translate_node(v, l, ctx) for v in self.hoister.hoisted(l)]) # type: ignore
+
+        # Nots can never hoist variables upwards
+        if isinstance(parent, mm.Not):
+            hoisted = ()
+
+        # if there are no outputs, just return the logical
+        outputs = self.get_outputs(children)
+        if not outputs:
+            return v0.Logical(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                hoisted=hoisted, # type: ignore
+                body=children, # type: ignore
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+
+
+        # if there's a main output here, we need to merge all outputs as a single one
+        has_main_output = any(is_main_output(c) for c in l.body)
+        if has_main_output:
+            return v0.Logical(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                hoisted=hoisted, # type: ignore
+                body=self._merge_outputs(children, outputs), # type: ignore
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+        else:
+            # this logical has an output but it's not the main one; so we return the outputs
+            # side-by-side with the logical. This assumes that the parent is a logical that
+            # will splat these tasks and we will eventually get into a logical with a main
+            # output that will merge them all.
+
+            # remove outputs from children
+            children = tuple([c for c in children if not isinstance(c, v0.Output)])
+            if not children:
+                return outputs
+
+            # if this is an optional logical but we're not hoisting anything and not updating,
+            # then it's effectively a no-op since it cannot affect the query. Just return the outputs.
+            # this is important because the LQP stack blows up if there's a logical with no effect
+            if l.optional and not hoisted and not any(isinstance(c, v0.Update) for c in children):
+                return outputs
+
+            # return outputs + a logical with the other children
+            outputs.append(
+                v0.Logical(
+                    engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                    hoisted=hoisted, # type: ignore
+                    body=children, # type: ignore
+                    annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+                ))
+            return outputs
+
+
+
+
+    def translate_sequence(self, s: mm.Sequence, parent, ctx) -> v0.Sequence:
+        return v0.Sequence(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(s.reasoner, s, Context.MODEL),
+            hoisted=self.translate_seq(self.hoister.hoisted(s), s, ctx), # type: ignore
+            tasks=self.translate_seq(s.tasks, s, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(s.annotations, s, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_union(self, u: mm.Union, parent, ctx) -> v0.Union:
+        return v0.Union(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(u.reasoner, u, Context.MODEL),
+            hoisted=self.translate_seq(self.hoister.hoisted(u), u, ctx), # type: ignore
+            tasks=self.translate_seq(u.tasks, u, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(u.annotations, u, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_match(self, m: mm.Match, parent, ctx) -> v0.Match:
+        return v0.Match(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(m.reasoner, m, Context.MODEL),
+            hoisted=self.translate_seq(self.hoister.hoisted(m), m, ctx), # type: ignore
+            tasks=self.translate_seq(m.tasks, m, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(m.annotations, m, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_until(self, u: mm.Until, parent, ctx) -> v0.Until:
+        return v0.Until(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(u.reasoner, u, Context.MODEL),
+            hoisted=self.translate_seq(self.hoister.hoisted(u), u, ctx), # type: ignore
+            check=self.translate_node(u.check, u, ctx), # type: ignore
+            body=self.translate_node(u.body, u, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(u.annotations, u, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_wait(self, w: mm.Wait, parent, ctx) -> v0.Wait:
+        return v0.Wait(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(w.reasoner, w, Context.MODEL),
+            hoisted=self.translate_seq(self.hoister.hoisted(w), w, ctx), # type: ignore
+            check=self.translate_node(w.check, w, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(w.annotations, w, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_loop(self, l: mm.Loop, parent, ctx) -> v0.Loop:
+        # TODO - loop is incompatible because over has multiple vars, so this is a best
+        # attempt (does not matter much as this is not used in practice)
+        return v0.Loop(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+            hoisted=self.translate_seq(self.hoister.hoisted(l), l, ctx), # type: ignore
+            iter=self.translate_node(l.over[0], l, ctx), # type: ignore
+            body=self.translate_node(l.body, l, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_break(self, b: mm.Break, parent, ctx) -> v0.Break:
+        return v0.Break(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(b.reasoner, b, Context.MODEL),
+            check=self.translate_node(b.check, b, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(b.annotations, b, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # Constraints
+    # -----------------------------
+
+    def translate_require(self, r: mm.Require, parent, ctx) -> v0.Require|None:
+        # check if this is a unique_fields constraint
+        assert isinstance(r.domain, mm.Logical)
+        assert isinstance(r.check, mm.Logical)
+        if not r.domain.body and all(isinstance(c, mm.Lookup) and c.relation is b.constraints.unique_fields for c in r.check.body):
+            return
+            v0_reqs = []
+            # v0 expects a check with both the domain and the relation in it followed by the unique
+            # constraint, so we construct a logical with all of that in it
+            for c in r.check.body:
+                assert isinstance(c, mm.Lookup)
+                fields = c.args[0] # tuple of fields
+                assert isinstance(fields, tuple) and all(isinstance(f, mm.Field) for f in fields)
+                first_field = fields[0]
+                if isinstance(first_field.type, mm.Table):
+                    # skip union types for now
+                    continue
+                assert isinstance(first_field, mm.Field)
+                relation = first_field._relation
+                domain = self.translate_node(mm.Logical(()), r, ctx)
+                all_vars =  [mm.Var(type=field.type, name=field.name + "_var") for field in relation.fields]
+                check_tasks = [
+                    mm.Lookup(relation, tuple(all_vars)),
+                    mm.Lookup(b.constraints.unique, (tuple(all_vars[0:len(fields)]),))
+                ]
+                check_logical = self.translate_node(mm.Logical(tuple(check_tasks)), r, Context.TASK)
+                check = v0.Check(
+                    check=check_logical, # type: ignore
+                    error=None,
+                    annotations=self.translate_frozen(r.annotations, r, ctx) # type: ignore
+                )
+                v0_reqs.append(v0.Require(
+                    engine=self.translate_reasoner(r.reasoner, r, Context.MODEL),
+                    domain=domain, # type: ignore
+                    checks=(check,), # type: ignore
+                    annotations=self.translate_frozen(r.annotations, r, ctx) # type: ignore
+                ))
+            return v0_reqs # type: ignore
+
+        # check = v0.Check(
+        #     check=self.translate_node(r.check, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+        #     error=self.translate_node(r.error, r, ctx) if r.error else None, # type: ignore
+        #     annotations=self.translate_frozen(r.annotations, r, ctx) # type: ignore
+        # )
+        # return v0.Require(
+        #     engine=self.translate_reasoner(r.reasoner, r, Context.MODEL),
+        #     domain=self.translate_node(r.domain, r, ctx), # type: ignore
+        #     checks=(check,), # type: ignore
+        #     annotations=self.translate_frozen(r.annotations, r, ctx) # type: ignore
+        # )
+        return None
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # Quantifiers
+    # -----------------------------
+
+    def translate_not(self, n: mm.Not, parent, ctx) -> v0.Not:
+        return v0.Not(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(n.reasoner, n, Context.MODEL),
+            task=self.translate_node(n.task, n, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(n.annotations, n, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_exists(self, e: mm.Exists, parent, ctx) -> v0.Exists:
+        return v0.Exists(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(e.reasoner, e, Context.MODEL),
+            vars=self.translate_seq(e.vars, e, ctx), # type: ignore
+            task=self.translate_node(e.task, e, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(e.annotations, e, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # Relation Ops
+    # -----------------------------
+
+    def translate_effect(self, e: mm.Effect, parent, ctx) -> v0.Effect:
+        if e == mm.Effect.derive:
+            return v0.Effect.derive
+        elif e == mm.Effect.insert:
+            return v0.Effect.insert
+        elif e == mm.Effect.delete:
+            return v0.Effect.delete
+
+    def translate_lookup(self, l: mm.Lookup, parent, ctx):
+        # Data Node lookups
+        if isinstance(l.relation, mm.Data):
+            vars = [self.translate_value(l.args[0], l, ctx)]
+            for col in l.relation.columns:
+                v = v0.Var(
+                    type=self.translate_node(col.fields[-1].type, col, Context.MODEL), # type: ignore
+                    name=f"{col.name}"
+                )
+                vars.append(v)
+                assert isinstance(l.args[0], mm.Var)
+                self.column_map[l.args[0]][col] = v
+            return v0.Data(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                data=l.relation.data,
+                vars=frozen(*vars) # type: ignore
+            )
+        elif l.args and l.args[0] in self.column_map and l.relation in self.column_map[l.args[0]]: # type: ignore
+            assert isinstance(l.args[0], mm.Var)
+            var = self.translate_value(l.args[1], l, ctx)
+            col_var = self.column_map[l.args[0]][l.relation]  # ensure entry exists
+            if var != col_var:
+                return v0.Lookup(
+                    engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                    relation=v0_builtins.eq,
+                    args=(var, col_var), # type: ignore
+                    annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+                )
+            else:
+                return None
+
+        relation, args = self._resolve_reading(l, ctx)
+        if relation is None:
+            return None
+
+        # External Table Column lookups
+        # we have to take the 6nf column relations and pull them into a single wide lookup
+        # making sure that the variable get mapped correctly. To match the expectations of
+        # v0, we also have to make sure that if we're looking up the table row itself, that
+        # it is wrapped in its own logical
+        root_type = l.relation.fields[0].type
+        if isinstance(root_type, mm.Table):
+            self.used_tables.add(root_type)
+            assert isinstance(l.args[0], mm.Var)
+            is_col = l.relation in root_type.columns
+            is_table = l.relation == root_type
+            if is_col:
+                self.column_map[l.args[0]][l.relation] = args[-1]
+                # we always lookup the full table, so replace the relation and args
+                relation = self.translate_node(root_type, l, ctx)
+
+            # this is a lookup on the table itself or the columns, translate to the column vars
+            if is_col or is_table:
+                mapped = self.column_map.get(l.args[0], {})
+                col_args = []
+                for col in root_type.columns:
+                    v = mapped.setdefault(col, v0.Var(
+                        type=self.translate_node(col.fields[-1].type, col, Context.MODEL), # type: ignore
+                        name=f"{col.name}"
+                    ))
+                    col_args.append(v)
+                args = tuple([args[0], *col_args]) # type: ignore
+
+        # Specific rewrites
+        rewrite = self.rewrite_lookup(l, parent, ctx)
+        if rewrite is None:
+            # General translation
+            rewrite = v0.Lookup(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                relation=relation, # type: ignore
+                args=args,
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+
+        return rewrite
+
+
+    def translate_update(self, u: mm.Update, parent, ctx) -> v0.Update|v0.Output|None:
+        if isinstance(u.relation, mm.Table):
+            # ignore updates to tables for now
+            return None
+
+        if is_output_update(u):
+            # this is an output, the last arg is the value for the output column, the other
+            # args are part of the key
+
+            # get the list of key vars created during construction
+            keys = list(self.key_map[u.args[0]]) # type: ignore
+            # if there are no keys in the key map, this is a constructor of output without
+            # keys; we still need to remove the output from the args, so count is 1
+            arg_count = len(keys) if keys else 1
+            # append any other args used for the key
+            for arg in u.args[arg_count:-1]:
+                x = self.translate_value(arg, u, ctx)
+                keys.append(x) # type: ignore
+            if any(anno.relation is b.core["output_value_is_key"] for anno in u.annotations):
+                # if the output_value_is_key annotation is present, add the output value to the keys
+                keys.append(self.translate_value(u.args[-1], u, ctx)) # type: ignore
+
+            # there will be a single alias here, the output column
+            aliases = ordered_set((u.relation.name, self.translate_value(u.args[-1], u, ctx))).frozen()
+
+            out = v0.Output(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(u.reasoner, u, Context.MODEL),
+                keys=frozen(*keys), # type: ignore
+                aliases=aliases,
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(u.annotations, u, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+            table = u.relation.fields[0].type
+            if isinstance(table, mm.Table) and not table.uri.startswith("dataframe://"):
+                self.exports.add(out)
+            return out
+        else:
+            relation, args = self._resolve_reading(u, ctx)
+
+            return v0.Update(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(u.reasoner, u, Context.MODEL),
+                relation=relation, # type: ignore
+                args=args,
+                effect=self.translate_effect(u.effect, u, ctx),
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(u.annotations, u, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+
+    def _resolve_reading(self, task: mm.Lookup|mm.Update, ctx):
+        relation = self.translate_node(task.relation, task, ctx)
+        args = tuple(self.translate_value(arg, task, ctx) for arg in task.args)
+        if isinstance(relation, seq):
+            # Updates should always write to the root so that the reading maintenance rules
+            # can populate the other readings
+            if task.reading_hint is not None and isinstance(task, mm.Lookup):
+                relation = relation[task.relation.readings.index(task.reading_hint)]
+                args = tuple([args[i] for i in task.reading_hint.field_order])
+            else:
+                relation = relation[0]
+
+        return relation, args
+
+
+    def translate_aggregate(self, a: mm.Aggregate, parent, ctx) -> v0.Aggregate:
+
+        # hoist the return variables (those that are not inputs to the aggregation)
+        return_args = []
+        for field, arg in zip(a.aggregation.fields, a.args):
+            if not field.input:
+                return_args.append(arg)
+        hoisted=self.translate_seq(return_args, a, ctx)
+
+        # body must contain the aggregate body plus the aggregate itself
+        body = self.translate_node(a.body, a, ctx)
+        body = list(body.body if isinstance(body, v0.Logical) else [body])
+
+        # construct the aggregate node
+        engine = self.translate_reasoner(a.reasoner, a, Context.MODEL)
+        aggregation = self.translate_node(a.aggregation, a, ctx)
+        projection = self.translate_seq(a.projection, a, ctx)
+        group = self.translate_seq(a.group, a, ctx)
+        args = tuple(self.translate_value(arg, a, ctx) for arg in a.args)
+        annotations = self.translate_frozen(a.annotations, a, ctx)
+
+        v0_agg = None
+        if a.aggregation == b.aggregates.rank:
+            assert isinstance(args[0], tuple)
+            assert isinstance(args[1], tuple)
+            v0_agg = v0.Rank(engine, projection, group, args[0], tuple(l.value for l in args[1]), args[-1], 0, annotations,) # type: ignore
+        elif a.aggregation == b.aggregates.limit:
+            assert isinstance(args[0], v0.Literal)
+            assert isinstance(args[1], tuple)
+            assert isinstance(args[2], tuple)
+            result = v0.Var(type=v0_types.Int64, name="limit_result")
+            v0_agg = v0.Rank(engine, projection, group, args[1], tuple(l.value for l in args[2]), result, args[0].value, annotations,) # type: ignore
+        else:
+            v0_agg = v0.Aggregate(engine, aggregation, projection, group, args, annotations) # type: ignore
+
+        body.append(v0_agg)
+        return v0.Logical(
+            engine=None,
+            hoisted=hoisted, # type: ignore
+            body=tuple(body) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    def translate_construct(self, c: mm.Construct, parent, ctx) -> v0.Construct|None:
+        if isinstance(c.id_var.type, mm.Table):
+            # we are constructing the key for an output. If there are no values, there is no
+            # key in v0, so we can just ignore this
+            if not c.values:
+                self.key_map[c.id_var] = []
+                return None
+            # now create a new v0 var to represent the hashed key, record that this key is
+            # to be used by updates, and generate the constructor
+            v = v0.Var(type=v0_types.Hash, name=c.id_var.name)
+            self.key_map[c.id_var] = [v]
+            values = [v0_types.Hash]
+            values.extend(self.translate_seq(c.values, c, ctx)) # type: ignore
+            return v0.Construct(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(c.reasoner, c, Context.MODEL),
+                values=tuple(values), # type: ignore
+                id_var=v,
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(c.annotations, c, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+        return v0.Construct(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(c.reasoner, c, Context.MODEL),
+            values=self.translate_seq(c.values, c, ctx), # type: ignore
+            id_var=self.translate_node(c.id_var, c, ctx), # type: ignore
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(c.annotations, c, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+
+
+    def translate_data(self, d: mm.Data, parent, ctx):
+        if isinstance(parent, mm.Field) or isinstance(parent, mm.Var):
+            return v0_types.Int128
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Model
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def translate_model(self, source_model: mm.Model, parent=None, ctx=None) -> v0.Model:
+        try:
+            # first analyze the model to compute variables that need to be hoisted
+            self.hoister.analyze(source_model)
+
+            self.relations_by_name = defaultdict(list)
+            for r in source_model.relations:
+                self.relations_by_name[r.name].append(r)
+
+            # translate root first as it may create relations from types (e.g. concept populations)
+            root = self.translate_node(source_model.root, source_model, Context.TASK)
+
+            # translate all declared relations
+            relations:OrderedSet[v0.Relation] = ordered_set(*self.translate_seq(source_model.relations, source_model, Context.MODEL)) # type: ignore
+            # add relations created during task translation
+            relations.update(filter_by_type(self.task_map.values(), v0.Relation)) # type: ignore
+            # v0 needs all overloads also added to the model
+            for r in list(relations):
+                relations.update(r.overloads) # type: ignore
+
+            # if there are reading maintenance rules, add them as well
+            if self.maintenance_rules:
+                root = v0.Logical(
+                    engine=None,
+                    hoisted=(),
+                    body=(
+                        root, # type: ignore
+                        *self.maintenance_rules
+                    ),
+                    annotations=frozen()
+                )
+            engines=self.translate_frozen(source_model.reasoners, source_model, Context.MODEL) # type: ignore
+            types=self.translate_frozen(source_model.types, source_model, Context.MODEL) # type: ignore
+
+            return v0.Model(
+                engines=engines, # type: ignore
+                relations=relations.frozen(), # type: ignore
+                types=types, # type: ignore
+                root=root # type: ignore
+            )
+        finally:
+            self.hoister.clear()
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Translate query
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def translate_query(self, source_query: mm.Task) -> v0.Logical:
+        try:
+            # first analyze the model to compute variables that need to be hoisted
+            self.hoister.analyze_task(source_query)
+
+            # translate the query logical
+            return self.translate_node(source_query, source_query, Context.TASK) # type: ignore
+        finally:
+            self.hoister.clear()
+
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Library-specific rewrites
+    # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def adjust_index(self, l: mm.Lookup, indices: list[int], ctx, args=None, no_outputs=False):
+        """ Rewrite the lookup such that the args at `indices` are adjusted to convert from
+        0-based indexing (as in the mm) to 1-based indexing (as in v0's backend).
+
+        If the field at the given index is input, we increment the arg by 1 before passing
+        it to the lookup. If the field is output, we create a tmp var to hold the result
+        of the lookup, and then create a subsequent task to decrement the tmp var by 1.
+
+        `args` can be used to provide a different set of args than l.args, in case they need
+        reordering (e.g. strings.split).
+        """
+        if args is None:
+            args = l.args
+        # vars to hold the result from the v0 lookup
+        tmps = {}
+        for i in indices:
+            index_type = l.relation.fields[i].type
+            tmps[i] = mm.Var(type=index_type, name=f"tmp")
+        # insert tmp at index
+        replaced_args = []
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i in indices:
+                replaced_args.append(tmps[i])
+            else:
+                replaced_args.append(arg)
+        # translate the lookup
+        lookup = v0.Lookup(
+            engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+            relation=self.translate_node(l.relation), # type: ignore
+            args=tuple(self.translate_value(arg, l, ctx) for arg in replaced_args),
+            annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+        # subtract 1 from the index to convert from 1-based to 0-based
+        tasks = []
+        for index in indices:
+            arg = args[index]
+            if isinstance(arg, mm.Literal):
+                if l.relation.fields[index].input:
+                    new = mm.Literal(arg.type, arg.value + 1) # type: ignore
+                else:
+                    new = mm.Literal(arg.type, arg.value + 1) # type: ignore
+                tasks.append(v0.Lookup(
+                        engine=None,
+                        relation=v0_builtins.eq, # type: ignore
+                        args=(
+                            self.translate_value(tmps[index], lookup, ctx),
+                            self.translate_value(new, lookup, ctx),
+                        )
+                ))
+            elif l.relation.fields[index].input:
+                tasks.append(v0.Lookup(
+                        engine=None,
+                        relation=v0_builtins.plus, # type: ignore
+                        args=(
+                            self.translate_value(args[index], lookup, ctx),
+                            v0.Literal(v0_types.Int128, 1),
+                            self.translate_value(tmps[index], lookup, ctx),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                tasks.append(v0.Lookup(
+                        engine=None,
+                        relation=v0_builtins.minus, # type: ignore
+                        args=(
+                            self.translate_value(tmps[index], lookup, ctx),
+                            v0.Literal(v0_types.Int128, 1),
+                            self.translate_value(args[index], lookup, ctx),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
+        # do casts
+        tasks.extend(self.cast(lookup, ctx, no_outputs=no_outputs))
+
+        return tasks
+
+    def decrement(self, l: mm.Lookup, index: int, ctx):
+        """ Rewrite the lookup such that the arg at `index` is decremented by 1 before the
+        lookup.  """
+        tmp = self.translate_value(mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="tmp"), l, ctx)
+        # lookup(..., tmp, ...)
+        new = v0.Lookup(
+                engine=None,
+                relation=self.translate_node(l.relation), # type: ignore
+                args=tuple(self.translate_value(arg, l, ctx) if i != index else tmp for i, arg in enumerate(l.args)),
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+        )
+        casted = self.cast(new, ctx)
+        return (
+            # tmp = l.args[index] - 1
+            v0.Lookup(
+                engine=None,
+                relation=v0_builtins.minus, # type: ignore
+                args=(
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[index], l, ctx),
+                    v0.Literal(v0_types.Int128, 1),
+                    tmp,
+                ),
+            ),
+            *casted
+        )
+
+    def cast(self, l: v0.Lookup, ctx, no_outputs=False):
+        # note that everything here is in v0
+        inputs = []
+        outputs = []
+        args = []
+        for arg, field in zip(l.args, l.relation.fields):
+            target_type = field.type
+            if target_type is None or not isinstance(arg, (v0.Var, v0.Literal)) or arg.type == target_type:
+                args.append(arg)
+                continue
+            if field.input:
+                cast_var = v0.Var(type=target_type, name="cast_var")
+                args.append(cast_var)
+                inputs.append(v0.Lookup(
+                    engine=None,
+                    relation=v0_builtins.cast, # type: ignore
+                    args=(target_type, arg, cast_var),
+                ))
+            elif not no_outputs:
+                cast_var = v0.Var(type=target_type, name="cast_var")
+                args.append(cast_var)
+                outputs.append(v0.Lookup(
+                    engine=None,
+                    relation=v0_builtins.cast, # type: ignore
+                    args=(arg.type, cast_var, arg),
+                ))
+            else:
+                # This is ridiculous, but there are cases where we need to force the type
+                # of the var, but not through an actual cast operation. E.g. due to the way
+                # the LQP stack handles dates.
+                object.__setattr__(arg, 'type', target_type)
+                args.append(arg)
+
+        lookup = v0.Lookup(
+            engine=l.engine,
+            relation=l.relation,
+            args=tuple(args),
+            annotations=l.annotations
+        )
+        if no_outputs:
+            outputs = []
+        return [*inputs, lookup, *outputs]
+
+    def rewrite_lookup(self, l: mm.Lookup, parent, ctx):
+        """ Special cases for v1 builtins that either have some different shape in v0 or
+        do not exist as a primitive in the engine, so we want to compose the result so that
+        LQP works. Return None if no rewrite is needed.
+
+        Note that this type of adjustment will need to be made by emitters anyways, so we
+        will want to have a good API for them. But in that case, they should do
+        transformations still in the mm, whereas this is doing it during translation to v0.
+        """
+
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Common
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        if l.relation == b.common.range:
+            # python/PyRel range has inclusive start but exclusive stop, whereas LQP/Rel has
+            # inclusive stop, so we have to decrement the stop index by 1
+            # tmp, lookup = self.decrement(l, 1, ctx)
+            # return [tmp] + self.cast(lookup, [v0_types.Int64, v0_types.Int64, v0_types.Int64, v0_types.Int64], ctx)
+            return self.decrement(l, 1, ctx)
+
+        elif l.relation == b.core.cast:
+            return v0.Lookup(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.TASK),
+                relation=v0_builtins.builtin_relations_by_name["cast"], # type: ignore
+                args=(
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[0], l, Context.MODEL),
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[1], l, Context.TASK),
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[2], l, Context.TASK)
+                ),
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Strings
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        elif l.relation == b.strings.len:
+            lookup = v0.Lookup(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                relation=v0_builtins.builtin_relations_by_name["num_chars"], # type: ignore
+                args=(
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[0], l, ctx),
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[1], l, ctx),
+                ),
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+            return self.cast(lookup, ctx)
+
+        elif l.relation == b.strings.split:
+            # swap first two args because that's how rel and v0 expect them
+            args = l.args[1], l.args[0], l.args[2], l.args[3]
+            return self.adjust_index(l, [2], ctx, args=args)
+
+        elif l.relation == b.strings.substring:
+            return self.adjust_index(l, [1], ctx)
+
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # RE
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        elif l.relation == b.re.regex_match_all:
+            return self.adjust_index(l, [2], ctx)
+
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Math
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        elif l.relation == b.math.degrees:
+            # degrees(radians, x) = /(radians, (pi/180.0), x)
+            return v0.Lookup(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                relation=v0_builtins.builtin_relations_by_name["/"], # type: ignore
+                args=(
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[0], l, ctx),
+                    v0.Literal(v0_types.Float, pi / 180.0),
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[1], l, ctx)
+                ),
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+        elif l.relation == b.math.radians:
+            # radians(degrees, x) = /(degrees, (180.0/pi), x)
+            return v0.Lookup(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                relation=v0_builtins.builtin_relations_by_name["/"], # type: ignore
+                args=(
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[0], l, ctx),
+                    v0.Literal(v0_types.Float, 180.0 / pi),
+                    self.translate_value(l.args[1], l, ctx)
+                ),
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Datetime
+        # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        #
+        # elif l.relation == b.datetime.date_range:
+        #     return self.rewrite_date_range(l, parent, ctx)
+        # elif l.relation == b.datetime.datetime_range:
+        #     pass
+
+        elif l.relation == b.datetime.date_add:
+            return v0.Lookup(
+                engine=self.translate_reasoner(l.reasoner, l, Context.MODEL),
+                relation=self.translate_relation(l.relation, l, ctx), # type: ignore
+                args=self.translate_seq(l.args, l, ctx), # type: ignore
+                annotations=self.translate_frozen(l.annotations, l, ctx) # type: ignore
+            )
+
+        if b.datetime[l.relation.name] is l.relation:
+            return self.adjust_index(l, [], ctx, no_outputs=True)
+
+        v0_rel = self.translate_node(l.relation, l, ctx)
+        if isinstance(v0_rel, v0.Relation) and any(f.type == v0_types.Int64 for f in v0_rel.fields):
+            return self.adjust_index(l, [], ctx)
+
+        return None
+
+
+    # TODO - Currently implemented in the std.datetime itself.
+    # def rewrite_date_range(self, l: mm.Lookup, parent, ctx: Context):
+    #     start, end, freq, date = l.args
+    #     result = []
+
+    #     range_end = num_days = mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="num_days")
+    #     result.append(mm.Lookup(b.datetime.dates_period_days, (start, end, num_days)))
+
+    #     assert isinstance(freq, mm.Literal) and isinstance(freq.value, str)
+    #     if freq.value in ["W", "M", "Y"]:
+    #         range_end = mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="range_end")
+    #         x = mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="x")
+    #         result.append(mm.Lookup(b.core.mul, (num_days, mm.Literal(b.core.Float, _days[freq.value]), x)))
+    #         result.append(mm.Lookup(b.math.ceil, (x, range_end)))
+
+    #     # date_range is inclusive. add 1 since std.range is exclusive
+    #     tmp = mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="tmp")
+    #     result.append(mm.Lookup(b.core["+"], (range_end, mm.Literal(b.core.Number, 1), tmp)))
+    #     ix = mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="ix")
+    #     result.append(mm.Lookup(b.common.range, (mm.Literal(b.core.Number, 0), tmp, mm.Literal(b.core.Number, 1), ix)))
+
+    #     tmp2 = mm.Var(type=b.core.Number, name="tmp2")
+    #     result.append(mm.Lookup(_periods[freq.value], (ix, tmp2)))
+    #     result.append(mm.Lookup(b.datetime.date_add, (start, tmp2, date)))
+
+    #     result.append(mm.Lookup(b.core[">="], (end, date)))
+
+    #     return self.translate_node(mm.Logical(
+    #         body=tuple(result)
+    #     ))