rasa-pro 3.8.16__py3-none-any.whl

rasa/shared/core/events.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2507 @@
+import abc
+import copy
+import json
+import logging
+import structlog
+import re
+from abc import ABC
+
+import jsonpickle
+import time
+import uuid
+from dateutil import parser
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import (
+    List,
+    Dict,
+    Text,
+    Any,
+    Type,
+    Optional,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Iterable,
+    cast,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+)
+
+import rasa.shared.utils.common
+import rasa.shared.utils.io
+from typing import Union
+
+from rasa.shared.constants import DOCS_URL_TRAINING_DATA
+from rasa.shared.core.constants import (
+    LOOP_NAME,
+    EXTERNAL_MESSAGE_PREFIX,
+    ACTION_NAME_SENDER_ID_CONNECTOR_STR,
+    IS_EXTERNAL,
+    USE_TEXT_FOR_FEATURIZATION,
+    LOOP_INTERRUPTED,
+    ENTITY_LABEL_SEPARATOR,
+    ACTION_SESSION_START_NAME,
+    ACTION_LISTEN_NAME,
+)
+from rasa.shared.exceptions import UnsupportedFeatureException
+from rasa.shared.nlu.constants import (
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
+    INTENT,
+    TEXT,
+    ENTITIES,
+    COMMANDS,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE,
+    ACTION_TEXT,
+    ACTION_NAME,
+    INTENT_NAME_KEY,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_ROLE,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_GROUP,
+    PREDICTED_CONFIDENCE_KEY,
+    INTENT_RANKING_KEY,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TEXT,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_START,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIDENCE,
+    ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_END,
+    FULL_RETRIEVAL_INTENT_NAME_KEY,
+)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from rasa.shared.core.trackers import DialogueStateTracker
+
+    EntityPrediction = TypedDict(
+        "EntityPrediction",
+        {
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TEXT: Text,  # type: ignore[misc]
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_START: Optional[float],
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_END: Optional[float],
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE: Text,
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIDENCE: float,
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE: Text,
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_GROUP: Optional[Text],
+            ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_ROLE: Optional[Text],
+            "additional_info": Any,
+        },
+        total=False,
+    )
+
+    IntentPrediction = TypedDict(
+        "IntentPrediction", {INTENT_NAME_KEY: Text, PREDICTED_CONFIDENCE_KEY: float}  # type: ignore[misc]  # noqa: E501
+    )
+    NLUPredictionData = TypedDict(
+        "NLUPredictionData",
+        {
+            TEXT: Text,  # type: ignore[misc]
+            INTENT: IntentPrediction,
+            INTENT_RANKING_KEY: List[IntentPrediction],
+            ENTITIES: List[EntityPrediction],
+            "message_id": Optional[Text],
+            "metadata": Dict,
+        },
+        total=False,
+    )
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+structlogger = structlog.get_logger()
+
+
+def deserialise_events(serialized_events: List[Dict[Text, Any]]) -> List["Event"]:
+    """Convert a list of dictionaries to a list of corresponding events.
+
+    Example format:
+        [{"event": "slot", "value": 5, "name": "my_slot"}]
+    """
+    deserialised = []
+
+    for e in serialized_events:
+        if "event" in e:
+            event = Event.from_parameters(e)
+            if event:
+                deserialised.append(event)
+            else:
+                structlogger.warning(
+                    "event.deserialization.failed", rasa_event=copy.deepcopy(event)
+                )
+
+    return deserialised
+
+
+def deserialise_entities(entities: Union[Text, List[Any]]) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+    if isinstance(entities, str):
+        entities = json.loads(entities)
+
+    return [e for e in entities if isinstance(e, dict)]
+
+
+def format_message(
+    text: Text, intent: Optional[Text], entities: Union[Text, List[Any]]
+) -> Text:
+    """Uses NLU parser information to generate a message with inline entity annotations.
+
+    Arguments:
+        text: text of the message
+        intent: intent of the message
+        entities: entities of the message
+
+    Return:
+        Message with entities annotated inline, e.g.
+        `I am from [Berlin]{`"`entity`"`: `"`city`"`}`.
+    """
+    from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data.formats.readerwriter import TrainingDataWriter
+    from rasa.shared.nlu.training_data import entities_parser
+
+    message_from_md = entities_parser.parse_training_example(text, intent)
+    deserialised_entities = deserialise_entities(entities)
+    return TrainingDataWriter.generate_message(
+        {"text": message_from_md.get(TEXT), "entities": deserialised_entities}
+    )
+
+
+def split_events(
+    events: Iterable["Event"],
+    event_type_to_split_on: Type["Event"],
+    additional_splitting_conditions: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    include_splitting_event: bool = True,
+) -> List[List["Event"]]:
+    """Splits events according to an event type and condition.
+
+    Examples:
+        Splitting events according to the event type `ActionExecuted` and the
+        `action_name` 'action_session_start' would look as follows:
+
+        >> _events = split_events(
+                        events,
+                        ActionExecuted,
+                        {"action_name": "action_session_start"},
+                        True
+                     )
+
+    Args:
+        events: Events to split.
+        event_type_to_split_on: The event type to split on.
+        additional_splitting_conditions: Additional event attributes to split on.
+        include_splitting_event: Whether the events of the type on which the split
+            is based should be included in the returned events.
+
+    Returns:
+        The split events.
+    """
+    sub_events = []
+    current: List["Event"] = []
+
+    def event_fulfills_splitting_condition(evt: "Event") -> bool:
+        # event does not have the correct type
+        if not isinstance(evt, event_type_to_split_on):
+            return False
+
+        # the type is correct and there are no further conditions
+        if not additional_splitting_conditions:
+            return True
+
+        # there are further conditions - check those
+        return all(
+            getattr(evt, k, None) == v
+            for k, v in additional_splitting_conditions.items()
+        )
+
+    for event in events:
+        if event_fulfills_splitting_condition(event):
+            if current:
+                sub_events.append(current)
+
+            current = []
+            if include_splitting_event:
+                current.append(event)
+        else:
+            current.append(event)
+
+    if current:
+        sub_events.append(current)
+
+    return sub_events
+
+
+def do_events_begin_with_session_start(events: List["Event"]) -> bool:
+    """Determines whether `events` begins with a session start sequence.
+
+    A session start sequence is a sequence of two events: an executed
+    `action_session_start` as well as a logged `session_started`.
+
+    Args:
+        events: The events to inspect.
+
+    Returns:
+        Whether `events` begins with a session start sequence.
+    """
+    if len(events) < 2:
+        return False
+
+    first = events[0]
+    second = events[1]
+
+    # We are not interested in specific metadata or timestamps. Action name and event
+    # type are sufficient for this check
+    return (
+        isinstance(first, ActionExecuted)
+        and first.action_name == ACTION_SESSION_START_NAME
+        and isinstance(second, SessionStarted)
+    )
+
+
+def remove_parse_data(event: Dict[Text, Any]) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+    """Reduce event details to the minimum necessary to be structlogged.
+
+    Deletes the parse_data key from the event if it exists.
+
+    Args:
+        event: The event to be reduced.
+
+    Returns:
+        A reduced copy of the event.
+    """
+    reduced_event = copy.deepcopy(event)
+    if "parse_data" in reduced_event:
+        del reduced_event["parse_data"]
+    return reduced_event
+
+
+E = TypeVar("E", bound="Event")
+
+
+class Event(ABC):
+    """Describes events in conversation and how the affect the conversation state.
+
+    Immutable representation of everything which happened during a conversation of the
+    user with the assistant. Tells the `rasa.shared.core.trackers.DialogueStateTracker`
+    how to update its state as the events occur.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "event"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.timestamp = timestamp or time.time()
+        self.metadata = metadata or {}
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        # Not strictly necessary, but to avoid having both x==y and x!=y
+        # True at the same time
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Returns the event as story string.
+
+        Returns:
+            textual representation of the event or None.
+        """
+        # Every class should implement this
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_story_string(
+        event_name: Text,
+        parameters: Dict[Text, Any],
+        default: Optional[Type["Event"]] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[List["Event"]]:
+        event_class = Event.resolve_by_type(event_name, default)
+
+        if not event_class:
+            return None
+
+        return event_class._from_story_string(parameters)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_parameters(
+        parameters: Dict[Text, Any], default: Optional[Type["Event"]] = None
+    ) -> Optional["Event"]:
+
+        event_name = parameters.get("event")
+        if event_name is None:
+            return None
+
+        event_class: Optional[Type[Event]] = Event.resolve_by_type(event_name, default)
+        if not event_class:
+            return None
+
+        return event_class._from_parameters(parameters)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls: Type[E], parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List[E]]:
+        """Called to convert a parsed story line into an event."""
+        return [cls(parameters.get("timestamp"), parameters.get("metadata"))]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        d = {"event": self.type_name, "timestamp": self.timestamp}
+
+        if self.metadata:
+            d["metadata"] = self.metadata
+
+        return d
+
+    def fingerprint(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns a unique hash for the event which is stable across python runs.
+
+        Returns:
+            fingerprint of the event
+        """
+        data = self.as_dict()
+        del data["timestamp"]
+        return rasa.shared.utils.io.get_dictionary_fingerprint(data)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> Optional["Event"]:
+        """Called to convert a dictionary of parameters to a single event.
+
+        By default uses the same implementation as the story line
+        conversation ``_from_story_string``. But the subclass might
+        decide to handle parameters differently if the parsed parameters
+        don't origin from a story file.
+        """
+        result = cls._from_story_string(parameters)
+        if len(result) > 1:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Event from parameters called with parameters "
+                f"for multiple events. This is not supported, "
+                f"only the first event will be returned. "
+                f"Parameters: {parameters}"
+            )
+        return result[0] if result else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def resolve_by_type(
+        type_name: Text, default: Optional[Type["Event"]] = None
+    ) -> Optional[Type["Event"]]:
+        """Returns a slots class by its type name."""
+        for cls in rasa.shared.utils.common.all_subclasses(Event):
+            if cls.type_name == type_name:
+                return cls
+        if type_name == "topic":
+            return None  # backwards compatibility to support old TopicSet evts
+        elif default is not None:
+            return default
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown event name '{type_name}'.")
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state.
+
+        Args:
+            tracker: The current conversation state.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        # Every class should implement this
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}()"
+
+
+class AlwaysEqualEventMixin(Event, ABC):
+    """Class to deduplicate common behavior for events without additional attributes."""
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return True
+
+
+class SkipEventInMDStoryMixin(Event, ABC):
+    """Skips the visualization of an event in Markdown stories."""
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> None:
+        """Returns the event as story string.
+
+        Returns:
+            None, as this event should not appear inside the story.
+        """
+        return
+
+
+class UserUttered(Event):
+    """The user has said something to the bot.
+
+    As a side effect a new `Turn` will be created in the `Tracker`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "user"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: Optional[Text] = None,
+        intent: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        entities: Optional[List[Dict]] = None,
+        parse_data: Optional["NLUPredictionData"] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        input_channel: Optional[Text] = None,
+        message_id: Optional[Text] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        use_text_for_featurization: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event for incoming user message.
+
+        Args:
+            text: Text of user message.
+            intent: Intent prediction of user message.
+            entities: Extracted entities.
+            parse_data: Detailed NLU parsing result for message.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+            input_channel: Which channel the user used to send message.
+            message_id: Unique ID for message.
+            use_text_for_featurization: `True` if the message's text was used to predict
+                next action. `False` if the message's intent was used.
+
+        """
+        self.text = text
+        self.intent = intent if intent else {}
+        self.entities = entities if entities else []
+        self.input_channel = input_channel
+        self.message_id = message_id
+
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+        # The featurization is set by the policies during prediction time using a
+        # `DefinePrevUserUtteredFeaturization` event.
+        self.use_text_for_featurization = use_text_for_featurization
+        # define how this user utterance should be featurized
+        if self.text and not self.intent_name:
+            # happens during training
+            self.use_text_for_featurization = True
+        elif self.intent_name and not self.text:
+            # happens during training
+            self.use_text_for_featurization = False
+
+        self.parse_data: "NLUPredictionData" = {
+            INTENT: self.intent,  # type: ignore[misc]
+            # Copy entities so that changes to `self.entities` don't affect
+            # `self.parse_data` and hence don't get persisted
+            ENTITIES: self.entities.copy(),
+            TEXT: self.text,
+            "message_id": self.message_id,
+            "metadata": self.metadata,
+        }
+        if parse_data:
+            self.parse_data.update(**parse_data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _from_parse_data(
+        text: Text,
+        parse_data: "NLUPredictionData",
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        input_channel: Optional[Text] = None,
+        message_id: Optional[Text] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict] = None,
+    ) -> "UserUttered":
+        return UserUttered(
+            text,
+            parse_data.get(INTENT),
+            parse_data.get(ENTITIES, []),
+            parse_data,
+            timestamp,
+            input_channel,
+            message_id,
+            metadata,
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash of object."""
+        return hash(json.dumps(self.as_sub_state()))
+
+    @property
+    def has_triggered_error(self) -> bool:
+        return len(self.error_commands) > 0
+
+    @property
+    def error_commands(self) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+        from rasa.dialogue_understanding.commands import ErrorCommand
+
+        return [c for c in self.commands if c["command"] == ErrorCommand.command()]
+
+    @property
+    def commands(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Returns commands included in the message."""
+        if COMMANDS in self.parse_data and isinstance(
+            self.parse_data[COMMANDS], list  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+        ):
+            return self.parse_data[COMMANDS]  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+        return []
+
+    @property
+    def intent_name(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Returns intent name or `None` if no intent."""
+        return self.intent.get(INTENT_NAME_KEY)
+
+    @property
+    def full_retrieval_intent_name(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Returns full retrieval intent name or `None` if no retrieval intent."""
+        return self.intent.get(FULL_RETRIEVAL_INTENT_NAME_KEY)
+
+    # Note that this means two UserUttered events with the same text, intent
+    # and entities but _different_ timestamps will be considered equal.
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, UserUttered):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            self.text,
+            self.intent_name,
+            [
+                jsonpickle.encode(sorted(ent)) for ent in self.entities
+            ],  # TODO: test? Or fix in regex_message_handler?
+        ) == (
+            other.text,
+            other.intent_name,
+            [jsonpickle.encode(sorted(ent)) for ent in other.entities],
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        entities = ""
+        if self.entities:
+            entities_list = [
+                f"{entity[ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE]} "
+                f"(Type: {entity[ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE]}, "
+                f"Role: {entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_ROLE)}, "
+                f"Group: {entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_GROUP)})"
+                for entity in self.entities
+            ]
+            entities = f", entities: {', '.join(entities_list)}"
+
+        return (
+            f"UserUttered(text: {self.text}, intent: {self.intent_name}"
+            f"{entities}"
+            f", use_text_for_featurization: {self.use_text_for_featurization})"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event for debugging."""
+        return (
+            f"UserUttered('{self.text}', "
+            f"'{self.intent_name}', "
+            f"{json.dumps(self.entities)})"
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def empty() -> "UserUttered":
+        return UserUttered(None)
+
+    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.text and not self.intent_name and not self.entities
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        _dict = super().as_dict()
+        _dict.update(
+            {
+                "text": self.text,
+                "parse_data": self.parse_data,
+                "input_channel": getattr(self, "input_channel", None),
+                "message_id": getattr(self, "message_id", None),
+                "metadata": self.metadata,
+            }
+        )
+        return _dict
+
+    def as_sub_state(self) -> Dict[Text, Union[None, Text, List[Optional[Text]]]]:
+        """Turns a UserUttered event into features.
+
+        The substate contains information about entities, intent and text of the
+        `UserUttered` event.
+
+        Returns:
+            a dictionary with intent name, text and entities
+        """
+        entities = [entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE) for entity in self.entities]
+        entities.extend(
+            (
+                f"{entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE)}{ENTITY_LABEL_SEPARATOR}"
+                f"{entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_ROLE)}"
+            )
+            for entity in self.entities
+            if ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_ROLE in entity
+        )
+        entities.extend(
+            (
+                f"{entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE)}{ENTITY_LABEL_SEPARATOR}"
+                f"{entity.get(ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_GROUP)}"
+            )
+            for entity in self.entities
+            if ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_GROUP in entity
+        )
+
+        out: Dict[Text, Union[None, Text, List[Optional[Text]]]] = {}
+        # During training we expect either intent_name or text to be set.
+        # During prediction both will be set.
+        if self.text and (
+            self.use_text_for_featurization or self.use_text_for_featurization is None
+        ):
+            out[TEXT] = self.text
+        if self.intent_name and not self.use_text_for_featurization:
+            out[INTENT] = self.intent_name
+        # don't add entities for e2e utterances
+        if entities and not self.use_text_for_featurization:
+            out[ENTITIES] = entities
+
+        return out
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["UserUttered"]]:
+        try:
+            return [
+                cls._from_parse_data(
+                    parameters.get("text"),
+                    parameters.get("parse_data"),
+                    parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                    parameters.get("input_channel"),
+                    parameters.get("message_id"),
+                    parameters.get("metadata"),
+                )
+            ]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse bot uttered event. {e}")
+
+    def _entity_string(self) -> Text:
+        if self.entities:
+            return json.dumps(
+                {
+                    entity[ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE]: entity[ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE]
+                    for entity in self.entities
+                },
+                ensure_ascii=False,
+            )
+        return ""
+
+    def as_story_string(self, e2e: bool = False) -> Text:
+        """Return event as string for Markdown training format.
+
+        Args:
+            e2e: `True` if the the event should be printed in the format for
+                end-to-end conversation tests.
+
+        Returns:
+            Event as string.
+        """
+        if self.use_text_for_featurization and not e2e:
+            raise UnsupportedFeatureException(
+                f"Printing end-to-end user utterances is not supported in the "
+                f"Markdown training format. Please use the YAML training data format "
+                f"instead. Please see {DOCS_URL_TRAINING_DATA} for more information."
+            )
+
+        if e2e:
+            text_with_entities = format_message(
+                self.text or "", self.intent_name, self.entities
+            )
+
+            intent_prefix = f"{self.intent_name}: " if self.intent_name else ""
+            return f"{intent_prefix}{text_with_entities}"
+
+        return f"{self.intent_name or ''}{self._entity_string()}"
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to tracker. See docstring of `Event`."""
+        tracker.latest_message = self
+        tracker.clear_followup_action()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create_external(
+        intent_name: Text,
+        entity_list: Optional[List[Dict[Text, Any]]] = None,
+        input_channel: Optional[Text] = None,
+    ) -> "UserUttered":
+        return UserUttered(
+            text=f"{EXTERNAL_MESSAGE_PREFIX}{intent_name}",
+            intent={INTENT_NAME_KEY: intent_name},
+            metadata={IS_EXTERNAL: True},
+            entities=entity_list or [],
+            input_channel=input_channel,
+        )
+
+
+class DefinePrevUserUtteredFeaturization(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Stores information whether action was predicted based on text or intent."""
+
+    type_name = "user_featurization"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        use_text_for_featurization: bool,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event.
+
+        Args:
+            use_text_for_featurization: `True` if message text was used to predict
+                action. `False` if intent was used.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+        self.use_text_for_featurization = use_text_for_featurization
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"DefinePrevUserUtteredFeaturization({self.use_text_for_featurization})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.use_text_for_featurization)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> "DefinePrevUserUtteredFeaturization":
+        return DefinePrevUserUtteredFeaturization(
+            parameters.get(USE_TEXT_FOR_FEATURIZATION),
+            parameters.get("timestamp"),
+            parameters.get("metadata"),
+        )
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({USE_TEXT_FOR_FEATURIZATION: self.use_text_for_featurization})
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state.
+
+        Args:
+            tracker: The current conversation state.
+        """
+        if tracker.latest_action_name != ACTION_LISTEN_NAME:
+            # featurization belong only to the last user message
+            # a user message is always followed by action listen
+            return
+
+        if not tracker.latest_message:
+            return
+
+        # update previous user message's featurization based on this event
+        tracker.latest_message.use_text_for_featurization = (
+            self.use_text_for_featurization
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, DefinePrevUserUtteredFeaturization):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.use_text_for_featurization == other.use_text_for_featurization
+
+
+class EntitiesAdded(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Event that is used to add extracted entities to the tracker state."""
+
+    type_name = "entities"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        entities: List[Dict[Text, Any]],
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initializes event.
+
+        Args:
+            entities: Entities extracted from previous user message. This can either
+                be done by NLU components or end-to-end policy predictions.
+            timestamp: the timestamp
+            metadata: some optional metadata
+        """
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+        self.entities = entities
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns the string representation of the event."""
+        entity_str = [e[ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE] for e in self.entities]
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({entity_str})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the hash value of the event."""
+        return hash(json.dumps(self.entities))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares this event with another event."""
+        if not isinstance(other, EntitiesAdded):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.entities == other.entities
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "EntitiesAdded":
+        return EntitiesAdded(
+            parameters.get(ENTITIES),
+            parameters.get("timestamp"),
+            parameters.get("metadata"),
+        )
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Converts the event into a dict.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dict that represents this event.
+        """
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({ENTITIES: self.entities})
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state.
+
+        Args:
+            tracker: The current conversation state.
+        """
+        if tracker.latest_action_name != ACTION_LISTEN_NAME:
+            # entities belong only to the last user message
+            # a user message always comes after action listen
+            return
+
+        if not tracker.latest_message:
+            return
+
+        for entity in self.entities:
+            if entity not in tracker.latest_message.entities:
+                tracker.latest_message.entities.append(entity)
+
+
+class BotUttered(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """The bot has said something to the user.
+
+    This class is not used in the story training as it is contained in the
+
+    ``ActionExecuted`` class. An entry is made in the ``Tracker``.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "bot"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: Optional[Text] = None,
+        data: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event for a bot response.
+
+        Args:
+            text: Plain text which bot responded with.
+            data: Additional data for more complex utterances (e.g. buttons).
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.text = text
+        self.data = data or {}
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __members(self) -> Tuple[Optional[Text], Text, Text]:
+        data_no_nones = {k: v for k, v in self.data.items() if v is not None}
+        meta_no_nones = {k: v for k, v in self.metadata.items() if v is not None}
+        return (
+            self.text,
+            jsonpickle.encode(data_no_nones),
+            jsonpickle.encode(meta_no_nones),
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.__members())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, BotUttered):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.__members() == other.__members()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return "BotUttered(text: {}, data: {}, metadata: {})".format(
+            self.text, json.dumps(self.data), json.dumps(self.metadata)
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event for debugging."""
+        return "BotUttered('{}', {}, {}, {})".format(
+            self.text, json.dumps(self.data), json.dumps(self.metadata), self.timestamp
+        )
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.latest_bot_utterance = self
+
+    def message(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Return the complete message as a dictionary."""
+        m = self.data.copy()
+        m["text"] = self.text
+        m["timestamp"] = self.timestamp
+        m.update(self.metadata)
+
+        if m.get("image") == m.get("attachment"):
+            # we need this as there is an oddity we introduced a while ago where
+            # we automatically set the attachment to the image. to not break
+            # any persisted events we kept that, but we need to make sure that
+            # the message contains the image only once
+            m["attachment"] = None
+
+        return m
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def empty() -> "BotUttered":
+        """Creates an empty bot utterance."""
+        return BotUttered()
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({"text": self.text, "data": self.data, "metadata": self.metadata})
+        return d
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "BotUttered":
+        try:
+            return BotUttered(
+                parameters.get("text"),
+                parameters.get("data"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse bot uttered event. {e}")
+
+
+class SlotSet(Event):
+    """The user has specified their preference for the value of a `slot`.
+
+    Every slot has a name and a value. This event can be used to set a
+    value for a slot on a conversation.
+
+    As a side effect the `Tracker`'s slots will be updated so
+    that `tracker.slots[key]=value`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "slot"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: Text,
+        value: Optional[Any] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event to set slot.
+
+        Args:
+            key: Name of the slot which is set.
+            value: Value to which slot is set.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.key = key
+        self.value = value
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"SlotSet(key: {self.key}, value: {self.value})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash((self.key, jsonpickle.encode(self.value)))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, SlotSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (self.key, self.value) == (other.key, other.value)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        props = json.dumps({self.key: self.value}, ensure_ascii=False)
+        return f"{self.type_name}{props}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["SlotSet"]]:
+
+        slots = []
+        for slot_key, slot_val in parameters.items():
+            slots.append(SlotSet(slot_key, slot_val))
+
+        if slots:
+            return slots
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({"name": self.key, "value": self.value})
+        return d
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "SlotSet":
+        try:
+            return SlotSet(
+                parameters.get("name"),
+                parameters.get("value"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse set slot event. {e}")
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker._set_slot(self.key, self.value)
+
+
+class Restarted(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Conversation should start over & history wiped.
+
+    Instead of deleting all events, this event can be used to reset the
+    trackers state (e.g. ignoring any past user messages & resetting all
+    the slots).
+    """
+
+    type_name = "restart"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124312)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return self.type_name
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Resets the tracker and triggers a followup `ActionSessionStart`."""
+        tracker._reset()
+        tracker.trigger_followup_action(ACTION_SESSION_START_NAME)
+
+
+class UserUtteranceReverted(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Bot reverts everything until before the most recent user message.
+
+    The bot will revert all events after the latest `UserUttered`, this
+    also means that the last event on the tracker is usually `action_listen`
+    and the bot is waiting for a new user message.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "rewind"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124315)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return self.type_name
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker._reset()
+        tracker.replay_events()
+
+
+class AllSlotsReset(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """All Slots are reset to their initial values.
+
+    If you want to keep the dialogue history and only want to reset the
+    slots, you can use this event to set all the slots to their initial
+    values.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "reset_slots"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124316)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return self.type_name
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker._reset_slots()
+
+
+class DialogueStackUpdated(Event):
+    """Update the stack of a conversation."""
+
+    type_name = "stack"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        update: str,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates an event which updates the stack on a tracker.
+
+        Args:
+            update: The update to the stack.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.update = update
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.update)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, DialogueStackUpdated):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.update == other.update
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"DialogueStackUpdate(update: {self.update})"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event for debugging."""
+        return f'DialogueStackUpdate("""{self.update}""")'
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        props = json.dumps({"update": self.update})
+        return f"{self.type_name}{props}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["DialogueStackUpdated"]]:
+
+        return [
+            DialogueStackUpdated(
+                parameters.get("update"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        ]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({"update": self.update})
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.apply_stack_update(self.update)
+
+    def update_as_json(self) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
+        """Return the update as a JsonPatch object."""
+        return json.loads(self.update)
+
+
+class ReminderScheduled(Event):
+    """Schedules the asynchronous triggering of a user intent at a given time.
+
+    The triggered intent can include entities if needed.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "reminder"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        intent: Text,
+        trigger_date_time: datetime,
+        entities: Optional[List[Dict]] = None,
+        name: Optional[Text] = None,
+        kill_on_user_message: bool = True,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates the reminder.
+
+        Args:
+            intent: Name of the intent to be triggered.
+            trigger_date_time: Date at which the execution of the action
+                should be triggered (either utc or with tz).
+            name: ID of the reminder. If there are multiple reminders with
+                 the same id only the last will be run.
+            entities: Entities that should be supplied together with the
+                 triggered intent.
+            kill_on_user_message: ``True`` means a user message before the
+                 trigger date will abort the reminder.
+            timestamp: Creation date of the event.
+            metadata: Optional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.intent = intent
+        self.entities = entities
+        self.trigger_date_time = trigger_date_time
+        self.kill_on_user_message = kill_on_user_message
+        self.name = name if name is not None else str(uuid.uuid1())
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.intent,
+                self.entities,
+                self.trigger_date_time.isoformat(),
+                self.kill_on_user_message,
+                self.name,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, ReminderScheduled):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.name == other.name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return (
+            f"ReminderScheduled(intent: {self.intent}, "
+            f"trigger_date: {self.trigger_date_time}, "
+            f"entities: {self.entities}, name: {self.name})"
+        )
+
+    def scheduled_job_name(self, sender_id: Text) -> Text:
+        return (
+            f"[{hash(self.name)},{hash(self.intent)},{hash(str(self.entities))}]"
+            f"{ACTION_NAME_SENDER_ID_CONNECTOR_STR}"
+            f"{sender_id}"
+        )
+
+    def _properties(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        return {
+            "intent": self.intent,
+            "date_time": self.trigger_date_time.isoformat(),
+            "entities": self.entities,
+            "name": self.name,
+            "kill_on_user_msg": self.kill_on_user_message,
+        }
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        props = json.dumps(self._properties())
+        return f"{self.type_name}{props}"
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update(self._properties())
+        return d
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["ReminderScheduled"]]:
+
+        trigger_date_time = parser.parse(parameters.get("date_time"))
+
+        return [
+            ReminderScheduled(
+                parameters.get("intent"),
+                trigger_date_time,
+                parameters.get("entities"),
+                name=parameters.get("name"),
+                kill_on_user_message=parameters.get("kill_on_user_msg", True),
+                timestamp=parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                metadata=parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        ]
+
+
+class ReminderCancelled(Event):
+    """Cancel certain jobs."""
+
+    type_name = "cancel_reminder"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: Optional[Text] = None,
+        intent: Optional[Text] = None,
+        entities: Optional[List[Dict]] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates a ReminderCancelled event.
+
+        If all arguments are `None`, this will cancel all reminders.
+        are to be cancelled. If no arguments are supplied, this will cancel all
+        reminders.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Name of the reminder to be cancelled.
+            intent: Intent name that is to be used to identify the reminders to be
+                cancelled.
+            entities: Entities that are to be used to identify the reminders to be
+                cancelled.
+            timestamp: Optional timestamp.
+            metadata: Optional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.intent = intent
+        self.entities = entities
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash((self.name, self.intent, str(self.entities)))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, ReminderCancelled):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return hash(self) == hash(other)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return (
+            f"ReminderCancelled(name: {self.name}, intent: {self.intent}, "
+            f"entities: {self.entities})"
+        )
+
+    def cancels_job_with_name(self, job_name: Text, sender_id: Text) -> bool:
+        """Determines if this event should cancel the job with the given name.
+
+        Args:
+            job_name: Name of the job to be tested.
+            sender_id: The `sender_id` of the tracker.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True`, if this `ReminderCancelled` event should cancel the job with the
+            given name, and `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        match = re.match(
+            rf"^\[([\d\-]*),([\d\-]*),([\d\-]*)\]"
+            rf"({re.escape(ACTION_NAME_SENDER_ID_CONNECTOR_STR)}"
+            rf"{re.escape(sender_id)})",
+            job_name,
+        )
+        if not match:
+            return False
+        name_hash, intent_hash, entities_hash = match.group(1, 2, 3)
+
+        # Cancel everything unless names/intents/entities are given to
+        # narrow it down.
+        return (
+            ((not self.name) or self._matches_name_hash(name_hash))
+            and ((not self.intent) or self._matches_intent_hash(intent_hash))
+            and ((not self.entities) or self._matches_entities_hash(entities_hash))
+        )
+
+    def _matches_name_hash(self, name_hash: Text) -> bool:
+        return str(hash(self.name)) == name_hash
+
+    def _matches_intent_hash(self, intent_hash: Text) -> bool:
+        return str(hash(self.intent)) == intent_hash
+
+    def _matches_entities_hash(self, entities_hash: Text) -> bool:
+        return str(hash(str(self.entities))) == entities_hash
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        props = json.dumps(
+            {"name": self.name, "intent": self.intent, "entities": self.entities}
+        )
+        return f"{self.type_name}{props}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["ReminderCancelled"]]:
+        return [
+            ReminderCancelled(
+                parameters.get("name"),
+                parameters.get("intent"),
+                parameters.get("entities"),
+                timestamp=parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                metadata=parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        ]
+
+
+class ActionReverted(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Bot undoes its last action.
+
+    The bot reverts everything until before the most recent action.
+    This includes the action itself, as well as any events that
+    action created, like set slot events - the bot will now
+    predict a new action using the state before the most recent
+    action.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "undo"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124318)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return self.type_name
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker._reset()
+        tracker.replay_events()
+
+
+class StoryExported(Event):
+    """Story should get dumped to a file."""
+
+    type_name = "export"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: Optional[Text] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event about story exporting.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Path to which story was exported to.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.path = path
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124319)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["StoryExported"]]:
+        return [
+            StoryExported(
+                parameters.get("path"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        ]
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return self.type_name
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        if self.path:
+            tracker.export_stories_to_file(self.path)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, StoryExported):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.path == other.path
+
+
+class FollowupAction(Event):
+    """Enqueue a followup action."""
+
+    type_name = "followup"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: Text,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates an event which forces the model to run a certain action next.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Name of the action to run.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.action_name = name
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.action_name)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, FollowupAction):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.action_name == other.action_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"FollowupAction(action: {self.action_name})"
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        props = json.dumps({"name": self.action_name})
+        return f"{self.type_name}{props}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["FollowupAction"]]:
+
+        return [
+            FollowupAction(
+                parameters.get("name"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        ]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({"name": self.action_name})
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.trigger_followup_action(self.action_name)
+
+
+class ConversationPaused(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Ignore messages from the user to let a human take over.
+
+    As a side effect the `Tracker`'s `paused` attribute will
+    be set to `True`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "pause"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124313)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return str(self)
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker._paused = True
+
+
+class ConversationResumed(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Bot takes over conversation.
+
+    Inverse of `PauseConversation`. As a side effect the `Tracker`'s
+    `paused` attribute will be set to `False`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "resume"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124314)
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return self.type_name
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker._paused = False
+
+
+class ActionExecuted(Event):
+    """An operation describes an action taken + its result.
+
+    It comprises an action and a list of events. operations will be appended
+    to the latest `Turn`` in `Tracker.turns`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "action"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        action_name: Optional[Text] = None,
+        policy: Optional[Text] = None,
+        confidence: Optional[float] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        action_text: Optional[Text] = None,
+        hide_rule_turn: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event for a successful event execution.
+
+        Args:
+            action_name: Name of the action which was executed. `None` if it was an
+                end-to-end prediction.
+            policy: Policy which predicted action.
+            confidence: Confidence with which policy predicted action.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+            action_text: In case it's an end-to-end action prediction, the text which
+                was predicted.
+            hide_rule_turn: If `True`, this action should be hidden in the dialogue
+                history created for ML-based policies.
+        """
+        self.action_name = action_name
+        self.policy = policy
+        self.confidence = confidence
+        self.unpredictable = False
+        self.action_text = action_text
+        self.hide_rule_turn = hide_rule_turn
+
+        if self.action_name is None and self.action_text is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Both the name of the action and the end-to-end "
+                "predicted text are missing. "
+                "The `ActionExecuted` event cannot be initialised."
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __members__(self) -> Tuple[Optional[Text], Optional[Text], Text]:
+        meta_no_nones = {k: v for k, v in self.metadata.items() if v is not None}
+        return (self.action_name, self.action_text, jsonpickle.encode(meta_no_nones))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return "ActionExecuted(action: {}, policy: {}, confidence: {})".format(
+            self.action_name, self.policy, self.confidence
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human readable string."""
+        return str(self.action_name) or str(self.action_text)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.__members__())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, ActionExecuted):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.__members__() == other.__members__()
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Returns event in Markdown format."""
+        if self.action_text:
+            raise UnsupportedFeatureException(
+                f"Printing end-to-end bot utterances is not supported in the "
+                f"Markdown training format. Please use the YAML training data format "
+                f"instead. Please see {DOCS_URL_TRAINING_DATA} for more information."
+            )
+
+        return self.action_name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(
+        cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]
+    ) -> Optional[List["ActionExecuted"]]:
+        return [
+            ActionExecuted(
+                parameters.get("name"),
+                parameters.get("policy"),
+                parameters.get("confidence"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+                parameters.get("action_text"),
+                parameters.get("hide_rule_turn", False),
+            )
+        ]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update(
+            {
+                "name": self.action_name,
+                "policy": self.policy,
+                "confidence": self.confidence,
+                "action_text": self.action_text,
+                "hide_rule_turn": self.hide_rule_turn,
+            }
+        )
+        return d
+
+    def as_sub_state(self) -> Dict[Text, Text]:
+        """Turns ActionExecuted into a dictionary containing action name or action text.
+
+        One action cannot have both set at the same time
+
+        Returns:
+            a dictionary containing action name or action text with the corresponding
+            key.
+        """
+        if self.action_name:
+            return {ACTION_NAME: self.action_name}
+        else:
+            # FIXME: we should define the type better here, and require either
+            #        `action_name` or `action_text`
+            return {ACTION_TEXT: cast(Text, self.action_text)}
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.set_latest_action(self.as_sub_state())
+        tracker.clear_followup_action()
+
+
+class AgentUttered(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """The agent has said something to the user.
+
+    This class is not used in the story training as it is contained in the
+    ``ActionExecuted`` class. An entry is made in the ``Tracker``.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "agent"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: Optional[Text] = None,
+        data: Optional[Any] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """See docstring of `BotUttered`."""
+        self.text = text
+        self.data = data
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash((self.text, jsonpickle.encode(self.data)))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, AgentUttered):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (self.text, jsonpickle.encode(self.data)) == (
+            other.text,
+            jsonpickle.encode(other.data),
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return "AgentUttered(text: {}, data: {})".format(
+            self.text, json.dumps(self.data)
+        )
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({"text": self.text, "data": self.data})
+        return d
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "AgentUttered":
+        try:
+            return AgentUttered(
+                parameters.get("text"),
+                parameters.get("data"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse agent uttered event. {e}")
+
+
+class ActiveLoop(Event):
+    """If `name` is given: activates a loop with `name` else deactivates active loop."""
+
+    type_name = "active_loop"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: Optional[Text],
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event for active loop.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Name of activated loop or `None` if current loop is deactivated.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"Loop({self.name})"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"ActiveLoop({self.name}, {self.timestamp}, {self.metadata})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.name)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, ActiveLoop):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.name == other.name
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        props = json.dumps({LOOP_NAME: self.name})
+        return f"{ActiveLoop.type_name}{props}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_story_string(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> List["ActiveLoop"]:
+        """Called to convert a parsed story line into an event."""
+        return [
+            ActiveLoop(
+                parameters.get(LOOP_NAME),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        ]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({LOOP_NAME: self.name})
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.change_loop_to(self.name)
+
+
+class LegacyForm(ActiveLoop):
+    """Legacy handler of old `Form` events.
+
+    The `ActiveLoop` event used to be called `Form`. This class is there to handle old
+    legacy events which were stored with the old type name `form`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "form"
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        # Dump old `Form` events as `ActiveLoop` events instead of keeping the old
+        # event type.
+        d["event"] = ActiveLoop.type_name
+        return d
+
+    def fingerprint(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns the hash of the event."""
+        d = self.as_dict()
+        # Revert event name to legacy subclass name to avoid different event types
+        # having the same fingerprint.
+        d["event"] = self.type_name
+        del d["timestamp"]
+        return rasa.shared.utils.io.get_dictionary_fingerprint(d)
+
+
+class LoopInterrupted(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Event added by FormPolicy and RulePolicy.
+
+    Notifies form action whether or not to validate the user input.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "loop_interrupted"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        is_interrupted: bool,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Event to notify that loop was interrupted.
+
+        This e.g. happens when a user is within a form, and is de-railing the
+        form-filling by asking FAQs.
+
+        Args:
+            is_interrupted: `True` if the loop execution was interrupted, and ML
+                policies had to take over the last prediction.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+        self.is_interrupted = is_interrupted
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return f"{LoopInterrupted.__name__}({self.is_interrupted})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.is_interrupted)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, LoopInterrupted):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.is_interrupted == other.is_interrupted
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "LoopInterrupted":
+        return LoopInterrupted(
+            parameters.get(LOOP_INTERRUPTED, False),
+            parameters.get("timestamp"),
+            parameters.get("metadata"),
+        )
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update({LOOP_INTERRUPTED: self.is_interrupted})
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.interrupt_loop(self.is_interrupted)
+
+
+class LegacyFormValidation(LoopInterrupted):
+    """Legacy handler of old `FormValidation` events.
+
+    The `LoopInterrupted` event used to be called `FormValidation`. This class is there
+    to handle old legacy events which were stored with the old type name
+    `form_validation`.
+    """
+
+    type_name = "form_validation"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        validate: bool,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """See parent class docstring."""
+        # `validate = True` is the same as `interrupted = False`
+        super().__init__(not validate, timestamp, metadata)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict) -> "LoopInterrupted":
+        return LoopInterrupted(
+            # `validate = True` means `is_interrupted = False`
+            not parameters.get("validate", True),
+            parameters.get("timestamp"),
+            parameters.get("metadata"),
+        )
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        # Dump old `Form` events as `ActiveLoop` events instead of keeping the old
+        # event type.
+        d["event"] = LoopInterrupted.type_name
+        return d
+
+    def fingerprint(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns hash of the event."""
+        d = self.as_dict()
+        # Revert event name to legacy subclass name to avoid different event types
+        # having the same fingerprint.
+        d["event"] = self.type_name
+        del d["timestamp"]
+        return rasa.shared.utils.io.get_dictionary_fingerprint(d)
+
+
+class ActionExecutionRejected(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Notify Core that the execution of the action has been rejected."""
+
+    type_name = "action_execution_rejected"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        action_name: Text,
+        policy: Optional[Text] = None,
+        confidence: Optional[float] = None,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event.
+
+        Args:
+            action_name: Action which was rejected.
+            policy: Policy which predicted the rejected action.
+            confidence: Confidence with which the reject action was predicted.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.action_name = action_name
+        self.policy = policy
+        self.confidence = confidence
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns text representation of event."""
+        return (
+            "ActionExecutionRejected("
+            "action: {}, policy: {}, confidence: {})"
+            "".format(self.action_name, self.policy, self.confidence)
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.action_name)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, ActionExecutionRejected):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.action_name == other.action_name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "ActionExecutionRejected":
+        return ActionExecutionRejected(
+            parameters.get("name"),
+            parameters.get("policy"),
+            parameters.get("confidence"),
+            parameters.get("timestamp"),
+            parameters.get("metadata"),
+        )
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        d = super().as_dict()
+        d.update(
+            {
+                "name": self.action_name,
+                "policy": self.policy,
+                "confidence": self.confidence,
+            }
+        )
+        return d
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        tracker.reject_action(self.action_name)
+
+
+class SessionStarted(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Mark the beginning of a new conversation session."""
+
+    type_name = "session_started"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124320)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"SessionStarted(type_name: {self.type_name})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.type_name})"
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> None:
+        """Skips representing event in stories."""
+        logger.warning(
+            f"'{self.type_name}' events cannot be serialised as story strings."
+        )
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        # noinspection PyProtectedMember
+        tracker._reset()
+
+
+class RoutingSessionEnded(AlwaysEqualEventMixin):
+    """Mark the end of a routing session for coexistence."""
+
+    type_name = "routing_session_ended"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(32143124434)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"RoutingSessionEnded(type_name: {self.type_name})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.type_name})"
+
+    def as_story_string(self) -> None:
+        """Skips representing event in stories."""
+        logger.warning(
+            f"'{self.type_name}' events cannot be serialised as story strings."
+        )
+
+    def apply_to(self, tracker: "DialogueStateTracker") -> None:
+        """Applies event to current conversation state."""
+        # noinspection PyProtectedMember
+        tracker._reset(is_coexistence_reset=True)
+
+
+class FlowStarted(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Mark the beginning of a new flow."""
+
+    type_name = "flow_started"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        flow_id: Text,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event to start flow.
+
+        Args:
+            flow_id: ID of the flow to be started.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.flow_id = flow_id
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"FlowStarted(flow: {self.flow_id})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.flow_id})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(self.flow_id)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, FlowStarted):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self.flow_id == other.flow_id
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        serialized = super().as_dict()
+        serialized.update({"flow_id": self.flow_id})
+        return serialized
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "FlowStarted":
+        try:
+            return FlowStarted(
+                parameters.get("flow_id"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse flow_started event. {e}")
+
+
+class FlowInterrupted(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Mark the interruption of a flow."""
+
+    type_name = "flow_interrupted"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        flow_id: Text,
+        step_id: Text,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event to interrupt a flow.
+
+        Args:
+            flow_id: Name of the flow to be interrupted.
+            step_id: ID of the flow step where the flow was interrupted.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.flow_id = flow_id
+        self.step_id = step_id
+        self.is_interrupted = True
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"FlowInterrupted(flow: {self.flow_id}, step_id: {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.flow_id}, {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.flow_id,
+                self.step_id,
+                json.dumps({"is_interrupted": self.is_interrupted}),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, FlowInterrupted):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (self.flow_id, self.step_id) == (other.flow_id, other.step_id)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        serialized = super().as_dict()
+        serialized.update(
+            {
+                "flow_id": self.flow_id,
+                "step_id": self.step_id,
+            }
+        )
+        return serialized
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "FlowInterrupted":
+        try:
+            return FlowInterrupted(
+                parameters.get("flow_id"),
+                parameters.get("step_id"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse flow_interrupted event. {e}")
+
+
+class FlowResumed(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Mark the resuming of a flow."""
+
+    type_name = "flow_resumed"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        flow_id: Text,
+        step_id: Text,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event to resume a flow.
+
+        Args:
+            flow_id: ID of the flow to be resumed.
+            step_id: ID of the flow step where the flow was resumed.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.flow_id = flow_id
+        self.step_id = step_id
+        self.is_resumed = True
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"FlowResumed(flow: {self.flow_id}, step_id: {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.flow_id}, {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(
+            (self.flow_id, self.step_id, json.dumps({"is_resumed": self.is_resumed}))
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, FlowResumed):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (self.flow_id, self.step_id) == (other.flow_id, other.step_id)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        serialized = super().as_dict()
+        serialized.update({"flow_id": self.flow_id, "step_id": self.step_id})
+        return serialized
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "FlowResumed":
+        try:
+            return FlowResumed(
+                parameters.get("flow_id"),
+                parameters.get("step_id"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse flow_resumed event. {e}")
+
+
+class FlowCompleted(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Mark the completion of a flow."""
+
+    type_name = "flow_completed"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        flow_id: Text,
+        step_id: Text,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event to complete a flow.
+
+        Args:
+            flow_id: ID of the flow to be completed.
+            step_id: ID of the flow step where the flow was completed.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.flow_id = flow_id
+        self.step_id = step_id
+        self.is_completed = True
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"FlowCompleted(flow: {self.flow_id}, step_id: {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.flow_id}, {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.flow_id,
+                self.step_id,
+                json.dumps({"is_completed": self.is_completed}),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, FlowCompleted):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (self.flow_id, self.step_id) == (other.flow_id, other.step_id)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        serialized = super().as_dict()
+        serialized.update(
+            {
+                "flow_id": self.flow_id,
+                "step_id": self.step_id,
+            }
+        )
+        return serialized
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "FlowCompleted":
+        try:
+            return FlowCompleted(
+                parameters.get("flow_id"),
+                parameters.get("step_id"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse flow_completed event. {e}")
+
+
+class FlowCancelled(SkipEventInMDStoryMixin):
+    """Mark the cancellation of a flow."""
+
+    type_name = "flow_cancelled"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        flow_id: Text,
+        step_id: Text,
+        timestamp: Optional[float] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[Text, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Creates event to cancel a flow.
+
+        Args:
+            flow_id: ID of the flow which was cancelled.
+            step_id: ID of the flow step where the flow was cancelled.
+            timestamp: When the event was created.
+            metadata: Additional event metadata.
+        """
+        self.flow_id = flow_id
+        self.step_id = step_id
+        self.is_cancelled = True
+        super().__init__(timestamp, metadata)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as string for debugging."""
+        return f"FlowCancelled(flow: {self.flow_id}, step_id: {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> Text:
+        """Returns event as human-readable string."""
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.flow_id}, {self.step_id})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Returns unique hash for event."""
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.flow_id,
+                self.step_id,
+                json.dumps({"is_cancelled": self.is_cancelled}),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        """Compares object with other object."""
+        if not isinstance(other, FlowCancelled):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (self.flow_id, self.step_id) == (other.flow_id, other.step_id)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
+        """Returns serialized event."""
+        serialized = super().as_dict()
+        serialized.update(
+            {
+                "flow_id": self.flow_id,
+                "step_id": self.step_id,
+            }
+        )
+        return serialized
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parameters(cls, parameters: Dict[Text, Any]) -> "FlowCancelled":
+        try:
+            return FlowCancelled(
+                parameters.get("flow_id"),
+                parameters.get("step_id"),
+                parameters.get("timestamp"),
+                parameters.get("metadata"),
+            )
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse flow_cancelled event. {e}")