r5py 1.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

r5py/util/memory_footprint.py

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""Determine a reasonable memory footprint for the Java virtual machine."""
+
+import psutil
+import re
+import warnings
+
+from .config import Config
+from .warnings import R5pyWarning
+
+__all__ = ["MAX_JVM_MEMORY"]
+
+
+ABSOLUTE_MINIMUM_MEMORY = 200 * 1024**2  # never grant less than 200 MiB to JVM
+
+
+config = Config()
+config.argparser.add(
+    "-m",
+    "--max-memory",
+    help="""
+        Memory limit for the JVM running R5.
+
+        Use % as a suffix to specify a share of total RAM;
+        K, M, G, T to specify KiB, MiB, GiB, or TiB, respectively.
+        Values without suffix are interpreted as bytes.
+    """,
+    default="80%",
+)
+
+
+def _share_of_ram(share=0.8, leave_at_least=(2 * 1024**3)):
+    """
+    Calculate a share of total RAM.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+    share : float
+        Which portion of total RAM to return.
+        Default: 0.8
+    leave_at_least : float
+        How much RAM (in bytes) to leave (for other applications and system) in
+        any case.  If `total RAM - (total RAM ⨉ share)` is smaller than
+        `leave_at_least`, return `total RAM - leave_at_least`, instead.
+        Default: 2GiB
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int
+        A value in bytes that is close to `share` portion of total RAM.
+    """
+    total_ram = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+    if total_ram * (1.0 - share) > leave_at_least:
+        share_of_ram = round(share * total_ram)
+    else:
+        share_of_ram = round(total_ram - leave_at_least)
+    return share_of_ram
+
+
+def _parse_value_and_unit(value_and_unit, max_unit_length=1):
+    """
+    Extract value and unit from a string.
+
+    The string is allowed to contain a (non-numeric) unit suffix.
+    For instance, input values of `'1M'` or `3.732G` would yield return
+    values `(1, 'M')` or `(3.732, 'G')`, respectively.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+    value_and_unit : str
+        Input string (typically passed-through from config
+        parameter `--max-memory`).
+    max_unit_length : int
+        Maximum length in characters of the unit suffix.
+        Default: 1
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    tuple: a tuple containing
+        - value (float): The value extracted from `value_and_unit`.
+        - unit (str): The unit extracted from `value_and_unit`.
+    """
+    matches = re.match(
+        (
+            "^(?P<value>[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)?)"  # value
+            f"(?P<unit>[^0-9]){{0,{max_unit_length}}}$"  # unit
+        ),
+        value_and_unit,
+    )
+    value = float(matches["value"])
+    unit = matches["unit"]
+
+    return value, unit
+
+
+def _interpret_power_of_two_units(value, unit):
+    """
+    Convert a value given as value and power-of-two unit into a bytes value.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+    value : float
+        Input value.
+    unit : str
+        Unit suffix, as specified in IEC 80000-13, e.g., 'K' for kibibyte.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int:
+        interpreted value in bytes
+    """
+    # the position of each suffix in this string is the unit’s exponent
+    # over 1024.
+    # Compare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
+    # ISO%2FIEC_80000#Part_13:_Information_science_and_technology
+    SUFFIXES = " KMGTPEZY"
+
+    if unit is None:
+        unit = " "
+
+    if unit not in SUFFIXES:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Could not interpret unit '{unit}'. "
+            "Allowed suffixes are 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', and 'Y'."
+        )
+
+    exponent = SUFFIXES.find(unit)
+    value *= 1024**exponent
+
+    return value
+
+
+def _get_max_memory(max_memory):
+    """
+    Interpret the config parameter --max-memory.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+
+    max_memory : str
+        Memory limit for the JVM running R5.
+
+        Use % as a suffix to specify a share of total RAM;
+        K, M, G, T suffix specify KiB, MiB, GiB, or TiB, respectively.
+        Values without suffix are interpreted as bytes.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int
+        Maximum amount of memory allocated for R5 in bytes.
+    """
+    try:
+        value, unit = _parse_value_and_unit(max_memory)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise ValueError(f"Could not interpret `--max-memory` ('{max_memory}').")
+
+    if unit == "%":
+        value = _share_of_ram(share=(value / 100.0))
+    else:
+        # convert to bytes
+        value = _interpret_power_of_two_units(value, unit)
+
+    max_memory = round(value)
+
+    if max_memory < ABSOLUTE_MINIMUM_MEMORY:
+        max_memory = ABSOLUTE_MINIMUM_MEMORY
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"Requested maximum JVM heap size is too low for R5, "
+            f"setting to minimum value {ABSOLUTE_MINIMUM_MEMORY:d} bytes.",
+            R5pyWarning,
+            stacklevel=1,
+        )
+
+    return max_memory
+
+
+MAX_JVM_MEMORY = _get_max_memory(config.arguments.max_memory)

r5py/util/parse_int_date.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""Parse an integer date value."""
+
+import datetime
+
+__all__ = ["parse_int_date"]
+
+
+def parse_int_date(int_date):
+    """
+    Parse an integer date value.
+
+    com.conveyal.gtfs.GtfsFeed.services.start_date and .end_date are integer
+    values in the format YYYYMMDD, so, e.g., 20220222 for 2 February 2022.
+    This function converts such an integer value into the respective
+    datetime.datetime (at 0:00 o’clock).
+
+    """
+    year = round(int_date / 10000)
+    month = round((int_date % 10000) / 100)
+    day = int_date % 100
+
+    return datetime.datetime(year, month, day)

r5py/util/sample_data_set.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+
+"""A remote data set that is downloaded on demand."""
+
+import hashlib
+import pathlib
+import warnings
+
+from .config import Config
+from .validating_requests_session import ValidatingRequestsSession
+
+config = Config()
+
+
+class SampleDataSet(pathlib.Path):
+    """Data set that is downloaded and cached as needed."""
+
+    # decide which kind of pathlib.Path we are (Windows, Unix, ...)
+    # cf. https://stackoverflow.com/a/66613346/463864
+    try:
+        _flavour = type(pathlib.Path())._flavour
+    except AttributeError:  # Python>=3.13
+        pass
+
+    _CACHE_DIR = pathlib.Path(config.CACHE_DIR) / "sampledata"
+
+    def __new__(cls, remote_url, sha256_checksum):
+        """Define a data set that is downloaded and cached on demand."""
+        # pathlib.Path does everything in __new__, rather than __init__
+        cached_path = cls._CACHE_DIR / pathlib.Path(remote_url).name
+        return super().__new__(cls, cached_path)
+
+    def __init__(self, remote_url, sha256_checksum, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Define a data set that is downloaded and cached on demand.
+
+        Arguments
+        ---------
+        remote_url : str
+            source URL for this data set
+        sha256_checksum : str
+            checksum for this data set, using an SHA256 algorithm
+        """
+        cached_path = self._CACHE_DIR / pathlib.Path(remote_url).name
+
+        try:  # Python>=3.12
+            super().__init__(cached_path)
+        except TypeError:
+            super().__init__()
+
+        self.remote_url = remote_url
+        self.checksum = sha256_checksum
+        self.cached_path = cached_path
+        self._download_remote_file()
+
+    def _download_remote_file(self):
+        try:
+            assert (
+                hashlib.sha256(self.cached_path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+                == self.checksum
+            )
+        except (AssertionError, FileNotFoundError):
+            if config.arguments.verbose:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"First access to {pathlib.Path(self.remote_url).name}, "
+                    "downloading remote file to local cache",
+                    RuntimeWarning,
+                    stacklevel=1,
+                )
+            self.cached_path.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+            with (
+                ValidatingRequestsSession() as session,
+                session.get(self.remote_url, self.checksum) as response,
+            ):
+                self.cached_path.write_bytes(response.content)

r5py/util/snake_to_camel_case.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""Convert a snack_case formated string to a camelCase format."""
+
+__all__ = ["snake_to_camel_case"]
+
+
+def snake_to_camel_case(snake_case):
+    """Convert `snake_case` to camelCase spelling."""
+    if "_" in snake_case:
+        words = snake_case.split("_")
+        words = [words[0].lower()] + [word.title() for word in words[1:]]
+        camel_case = "".join(words)
+    else:
+        camel_case = snake_case[0].lower() + snake_case[1:]
+    return camel_case

r5py/util/spatially_clustered_geodataframe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+
+"""Assign a cluster label column to a point-geometry GeoDataFrame."""
+
+import warnings
+
+import geopandas
+import numpy
+import shapely
+import sklearn.cluster
+
+from .good_enough_equidistant_crs import GoodEnoughEquidistantCrs
+
+__all__ = ["SpatiallyClusteredGeoDataFrame"]
+
+
+class SpatiallyClusteredGeoDataFrame:
+    """Assign a cluster label column to a point-geometry GeoDataFrame."""
+
+    def __new__(cls, data, eps=200.0, min_cluster_size=3):
+        """
+        Assign a cluster label column to a point-geometry GeoDataFrame.
+
+        Arguments:
+        ----------
+        data : geopandas.GeoDataFrame
+            input data set
+        eps : int | float
+            EPS parameter to a DBSCAN cluster algorithm, the maximum
+            intra-cluster distance between two points
+        min_cluster_size : int
+            Do not form clusters with less members
+        """
+        data = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(data)
+
+        EQUIDISTANT_CRS = GoodEnoughEquidistantCrs(
+            shapely.box(*data.to_crs("EPSG:4326").geometry.total_bounds)
+        )
+
+        # loosely based on:
+        # https://github.com/geopandas/scipy2018-geospatial-data/blob/master/08-clustering.ipynb
+
+        coordinates = numpy.vstack(
+            data.to_crs(EQUIDISTANT_CRS)["geometry"]
+            .apply(lambda geometry: numpy.hstack(geometry.xy))
+            .values
+        )
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings(
+                "ignore",
+                "Could not find the number of physical cores",
+                category=UserWarning,
+            )
+            data["cluster"] = (
+                sklearn.cluster.DBSCAN(
+                    eps=eps,
+                    min_samples=min_cluster_size,
+                    n_jobs=-1,
+                )
+                .fit(coordinates)
+                .labels_
+            )
+
+        return data

r5py/util/validating_requests_session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Extends requests.Session to enable simple checksum testing."""
+
+__all__ = ["ValidatingRequestsSession"]
+
+import hashlib
+
+import requests
+
+from .exceptions import ChecksumFailed
+
+
+class ValidatingRequestsSession(requests.Session):
+    """Download a file and test whether it matches a checksum."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, checksum_algorithm=hashlib.sha256, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Download a file and test whether it matches a checksum.
+
+        Arguments
+        ---------
+        checksum_algorithm : function
+            algorithm to use to create checksum of downloaded file,
+            default: hashlib.sha256
+        *args, **kwargs
+            any argument accepted by `requests.Session`
+        """
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._algorithm = checksum_algorithm
+
+    def get(self, url, checksum, **kwargs):
+        """Send a GET request, tests checksum."""
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("GET", url, checksum, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, checksum, **kwargs):
+        """Send a POST request, tests checksum."""
+        return self.request("POST", url, checksum, **kwargs)
+
+    # delete, put, head don’t return data,
+    # testing checksums does not apply
+
+    def request(self, method, url, checksum, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Retrieve file from cache or proxy requests.request.
+
+        Raise `ChecksumFailed` if the file’s digest and `checksum` differ.
+        """
+        response = super().request(method, url, **kwargs)
+        digest = self._algorithm(response.content).hexdigest()
+
+        if digest != checksum:
+            raise ChecksumFailed(
+                f"Checksum failed for {url}, expected {checksum}, got {digest}"
+            )
+
+        return response

r5py/util/warnings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""R5py-specific warnings."""
+
+
+class R5pyWarning(RuntimeWarning):
+    """Generic base warning for r5py errors."""

r5py/util/working_copy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""Create a copy or link of an input file in a cache directory."""
+
+import filelock
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+
+from .config import Config
+
+__all__ = ["WorkingCopy"]
+
+
+class WorkingCopy(pathlib.Path):
+    """Create a copy or link of an input file in a cache directory."""
+
+    def __new__(cls, path):
+        """
+        Create a copy or link of an input file in a cache directory.
+
+        This exists because R5 creates temporary files in the directory of input
+        files. This can not only be annoying clutter, but also create problems
+        of concurrency, performance, etc., for instance, when the data comes
+        from a shared network drive or a read-only file system.
+
+        Arguments
+        ---------
+        path : str or pathlib.Path
+            The file to create a copy or link of in a cache directory
+        """
+        # try to first create a symbolic link, if that fails (e.g., on Windows),
+        # copy the file to a cache directory
+        path = pathlib.Path(path).absolute()
+        destination = pathlib.Path(Config().CACHE_DIR / path.name).absolute()
+
+        with filelock.FileLock(destination.parent / f"{destination.name}.lock"):
+            if not destination.exists():
+                try:
+                    destination.symlink_to(path)
+                except OSError:
+                    shutil.copyfile(f"{path}", f"{destination}")
+        return destination

r5py-1.1.0.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: r5py
+Version: 1.1.0
+Summary: Python wrapper for the R5 routing analysis engine
+Author: Christoph Fink, Willem Klumpenhouwer, Marcus Sairava, Rafael Pereira, Henrikki Tenkanen
+License: GPL-3.0-or-later or MIT
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://r5py.readthedocs.org/
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/r5py/r5py.git
+Project-URL: Change log, https://github.com/r5py/r5py/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Bug tracker, https://github.com/r5py/r5py/issues
+Keywords: accessibility,transport,routing,research
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: ConfigArgParse
+Requires-Dist: filelock
+Requires-Dist: geohexgrid
+Requires-Dist: geopandas
+Requires-Dist: joblib
+Requires-Dist: jpype1
+Requires-Dist: numpy
+Requires-Dist: pandas
+Requires-Dist: psutil
+Requires-Dist: pyproj
+Requires-Dist: rasterio
+Requires-Dist: requests
+Requires-Dist: scikit-learn
+Requires-Dist: shapely
+Requires-Dist: simplification
+Requires-Dist: typing_extensions; python_version < "3.13"
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: black; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: flake8; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: flake8-bugbear; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: flake8-pyproject; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: pydocstyle; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: pylint; extra == "dev"
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Requires-Dist: contextily; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: folium; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: GitPython; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: h3; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: jupyterlab_myst; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: mapclassify; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: myst-nb; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: nbsphinx; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: pybtex-apa7-style; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: r5py.sampledata.helsinki; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: r5py.sampledata.sao_paulo; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: shapely; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-book-theme; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-design; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-bibtex; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-images; extra == "docs"
+Provides-Extra: tests
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-lazy-fixtures; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: r5py.sampledata.helsinki; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: r5py.sampledata.sao_paulo; extra == "tests"
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; extra == "tests"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+<img class="r5py_logo" align="right" src="https://github.com/r5py/r5py/raw/main/docs/_static/images/r5py_blue.svg" alt="r5py logo" style="width:180px; max-width:30vW;">
+
+# r5py: Rapid Realistic Routing with R5 in Python
+
+<!-- badges -->
+[![Try r5py with binder][binder-badge]][binder-link]
+[![DOI][doi-badge]][doi-link]
+<br />
+[![stable version][stable-version-badge]][stable-version-link]
+[![downloads (pypi)][downloads-pypi-badge]][downloads-pypi-link]
+[![downloads (conda-forge)][downloads-conda-forge-badge]][downloads-conda-forge-link]
+<br />
+[![Unit tests][test-status-badge]][test-status-link]
+[![Documentation Status][rtd-status-badge]][rtd-status-link]
+[![Coverage][coverage-badge]][coverage-link]
+<br />
+
+
+**R5py** is a Python library for rapid realistic routing on multimodal transport
+networks (walk, bike, public transport and car).  It provides a simple and
+friendly interface to R<sup>5</sup>, the Rapid Realistic Routing on Real-world
+and Reimagined networks, the [routing engine][r5-github] developed by Conveyal.
+**r5py** is inspired by [r5r, a wrapper for R][r5r-vignette], and the library is
+designed to interact with [GeoPandas][geopandas] GeoDataFrames.
+
+**R5py** offers a simple way to run R5 locally with Python. It allows users to
+calculate travel time matrices and accessibility by different travel modes.  To
+get started, see a detailed demonstration of the **r5py** ‘in action’ from the
+[Usage][rtd-quickstart] section of its documentation. Over time, **r5py** will
+be expanded to incorporate other functionalities from R5.
+
+## Installation
+
+**R5py** is available from conda-forge and PyPi. You can use `mamba`, `pip` or
+`conda` to install it.  To quickstart your use of **r5py**, we also provide an
+[`environment.yml` file ][env-file], using which you can [quickly set up a
+development environment][conda-create-env-from-yml] and are ready to go.
+
+For more details and alternative installation options, read the dedicated
+[installation section][rtd-installation] of the r5py documentation.
+
+## Usage
+
+You can find detailed installation instructions, example code, documentation and
+API reference at [r5py.readthedocs.io][rtd-link].
+
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+The [R<sup>5</sup> routing engine][r5-github] is developed at
+[Conveyal][conveyal] with contributions from several people.
+
+R5py draws a lot of inspiration from [r5r][r5r-github], an interface to R5 from
+the R language that is developed at the Institute for Applied Economic Research
+(Ipea), Brazil.
+
+
+## Citation
+
+If you use *r5py* for scientific research, please cite it in your publications:
+
+Fink, C., Klumpenhouwer, W., Saraiva, M., Pereira, R., &amp; Tenkanen, H., 2022:
+*r5py: Rapid Realistic Routing with R5 in Python*.
+[DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7060437][doi-link]
+
+
+## License
+
+This work is dual-licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0 or later and
+MIT License.  You can choose between the two depending on which license fits
+your project better.
+
+`SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later OR MIT`
+
+
+<!-- links used throughout the document -->
+
+<!-- (1) badges -->
+[binder-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Try%20r5py%20with-binder-F5A252.svg?logo=data:image/png;base64,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
+[binder-link]: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/r5py/r5py/stable?urlpath=tree/docs/user-guide/user-manual/quickstart.md
+[coverage-badge]: https://codecov.io/gh/r5py/r5py/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=WG8RBMZBK6
+[coverage-link]: https://codecov.io/gh/r5py/r5py
+[doi-badge]: https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.7060437.svg
+[doi-link]: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7060437
+[downloads-conda-forge-badge]: https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/r5py?label=Downloads%20%28conda-forge%29
+[downloads-conda-forge-link]: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/r5py
+[downloads-pypi-badge]: https://static.pepy.tech/personalized-badge/r5py?period=total&units=international_system&left_color=grey&right_color=orange&left_text=Downloads%20(pypi)
+[downloads-pypi-link]: https://pypi.org/project/r5py/
+[rtd-status-badge]: https://readthedocs.org/projects/r5py/badge/?version=stable
+[rtd-status-link]: https://r5py.readthedocs.io/
+[stable-version-badge]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/r5py?label=Stable
+[stable-version-link]: https://github.com/r5py/r5py/releases
+[test-status-badge]: https://github.com/r5py/r5py/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+[test-status-link]: https://github.com/r5py/r5py/actions/workflows/test.yml
+
+<!-- (2) other links -->
+[conda-create-env-from-yml]: https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/tasks/manage-environments.html#creating-an-environment-from-an-environment-yml-file
+[conveyal]: https://www.conveyal.com/
+[env-file]: https://github.com/r5py/r5py/blob/main/ci/r5py.yaml
+[geopandas]: https://geopandas.org/
+[r5-github]: https://github.com/conveyal/r5/
+[r5r-github]: https://github.com/ipeaGIT/r5r/
+[r5r-vignette]: https://ipeagit.github.io/r5r/
+[rtd-quickstart]: https://r5py.readthedocs.io/stable/user-guide/user-manual/quickstart.html
+[rtd-installation]: https://r5py.readthedocs.io/stable/user-guide/installation/installation.html
+[rtd-link]: https://r5py.readthedocs.io/