pypcapkit 1.3.5.post6__cp312-none-any.whl

pcapkit/protocols/internet/ipv6_opts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1890 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""IPv6-Opts - Destination Options for IPv6
+==============================================
+
+.. module:: pcapkit.protocols.internet.hopopt
+
+:mod:`pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts` contains
+:class:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts`
+only, which implements extractor for Destination Options
+for IPv6 (IPv6-Opts) [*]_, whose structure is described
+as below:
+
+======= ========= =================== =================================
+Octets      Bits        Name                    Description
+======= ========= =================== =================================
+  0           0   ``opt.next``              Next Header
+  1           8   ``opt.length``            Header Extensive Length
+  2          16   ``opt.options``           Options
+======= ========= =================== =================================
+
+.. [*] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_packet#Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options
+
+"""
+import collections
+import datetime
+import ipaddress
+import math
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast, overload
+
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.option import Option as Enum_Option
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.option_action import OptionAction as Enum_OptionAction
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.qs_function import QSFunction as Enum_QSFunction
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.router_alert import RouterAlert as Enum_RouterAlert
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.seed_id import SeedID as Enum_SeedID
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.smf_dpd_mode import SMFDPDMode as Enum_SMFDPDMode
+from pcapkit.const.ipv6.tagger_id import TaggerID as Enum_TaggerID
+from pcapkit.const.reg.transtype import TransType as Enum_TransType
+from pcapkit.corekit.fields.field import NoValue
+from pcapkit.corekit.multidict import OrderedMultiDict
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import CALIPSOOption as Data_CALIPSOOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import DFFFlags as Data_DFFFlags
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import HomeAddressOption as Data_HomeAddressOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import ILNPOption as Data_ILNPOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import IPDFFOption as Data_IPDFFOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import IPv6_Opts as Data_IPv6_Opts
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import JumboPayloadOption as Data_JumboPayloadOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    LineIdentificationOption as Data_LineIdentificationOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import MPLFlags as Data_MPLFlags
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import MPLOption as Data_MPLOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import PadOption as Data_PadOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import PDMOption as Data_PDMOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    QuickStartReportOption as Data_QuickStartReportOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    QuickStartRequestOption as Data_QuickStartRequestOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import RouterAlertOption as Data_RouterAlertOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import RPLFlags as Data_RPLFlags
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import RPLOption as Data_RPLOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    SMFHashBasedDPDOption as Data_SMFHashBasedDPDOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption as Data_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption as Data_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import UnassignedOption as Data_UnassignedOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.internet.internet import Internet
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import CALIPSOOption as Schema_CALIPSOOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    HomeAddressOption as Schema_HomeAddressOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import ILNPOption as Schema_ILNPOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import IPDFFOption as Schema_IPDFFOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import IPv6_Opts as Schema_IPv6_Opts
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    JumboPayloadOption as Schema_JumboPayloadOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    LineIdentificationOption as Schema_LineIdentificationOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import MPLOption as Schema_MPLOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import PadOption as Schema_PadOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import PDMOption as Schema_PDMOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    QuickStartReportOption as Schema_QuickStartReportOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    QuickStartRequestOption as Schema_QuickStartRequestOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    RouterAlertOption as Schema_RouterAlertOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import RPLOption as Schema_RPLOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    SMFHashBasedDPDOption as Schema_SMFHashBasedDPDOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption as Schema_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+    TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption as Schema_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import UnassignedOption as Schema_UnassignedOption
+from pcapkit.protocols.schema.schema import Schema
+from pcapkit.utilities.exceptions import ProtocolError, UnsupportedCall
+from pcapkit.utilities.warnings import ProtocolWarning, RegistryWarning, warn
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import timedelta
+    from enum import IntEnum as StdlibEnum
+    from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
+    from typing import IO, Any, Callable, DefaultDict, NoReturn, Optional, Type
+
+    from aenum import IntEnum as AenumEnum
+    from mypy_extensions import DefaultArg, KwArg, NamedArg
+    from typing_extensions import Literal
+
+    from pcapkit.corekit.protochain import ProtoChain
+    from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import Option as Data_Option
+    from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import QuickStartOption as Data_QuickStartOption
+    from pcapkit.protocols.data.internet.ipv6_opts import SMFDPDOption as Data_SMFDPDOption
+    from pcapkit.protocols.protocol import ProtocolBase as Protocol
+    from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import Option as Schema_Option
+    from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import \
+        QuickStartOption as Schema_QuickStartOption
+    from pcapkit.protocols.schema.internet.ipv6_opts import SMFDPDOption as Schema_SMFDPDOption
+
+    Option = OrderedMultiDict[Enum_Option, Data_Option]
+    OptionParser = Callable[[Schema_Option, NamedArg(Option, 'options')], Data_Option]
+    OptionConstructor = Callable[[Enum_Option,
+                                  DefaultArg(Optional[Data_Option]), KwArg(Any)], Schema_Option]
+
+__all__ = ['IPv6_Opts']
+
+
+class IPv6_Opts(Internet[Data_IPv6_Opts, Schema_IPv6_Opts],
+                schema=Schema_IPv6_Opts, data=Data_IPv6_Opts):
+    """This class implements Destination Options for IPv6.
+
+    This class currently supports parsing of the following IPv6 destination
+    options, which are registered in the
+    :attr:`self.__option__ <pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts.__option__>`
+    attribute:
+
+    .. list-table::
+       :header-rows: 1
+
+       * - Option Code
+         - Option Parser
+         - Option Constructor
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Pad1`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_pad`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_pad`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.PadN`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_pad`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_pad`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Tunnel_Encapsulation_Limit`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_tun`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_tun`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Router_Alert`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_ra`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_ra`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.CALIPSO`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_calipso`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_calipso`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.SMF_DPD`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_smf_dpd`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_smf_dpd`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.PDM`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_pdm`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_pdm`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Quick_Start`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_qs`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_qs`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.RPL_Option_0x63`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_rpl`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_rpl`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.MPL_Option`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_mpl`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_mpl`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.ILNP_Nonce`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_ilnp`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_ilnp`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Line_Identification_Option`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_lio`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_lio`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Jumbo_Payload`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_jumbo`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_jumbo`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.Home_Address`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_home`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_home`
+       * - :attr:`~pcapkit.const.ipv6.option.Option.IP_DFF`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._read_opt_ip_dff`
+         - :meth:`~pcapkit.protocols.internet.ipv6_opts.IPv6_Opts._make_opt_ip_dff`
+
+    """
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Defaults.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    #: DefaultDict[Enum_Option, str | tuple[OptionParser, OptionConstructor]]: Option
+    #: code to method mapping, c.f. :meth:`_read_ipv6_opts` and/or
+    #: :meth:`_make_ipv6_opts`. Method names are expected to be referred to the
+    #: class by ``_read_opt_${name}`` and/or ``_make_opt_${name}``, and if such
+    #: name not found, the value should then be a method that can parse the
+    #: option by itself.
+    __option__ = collections.defaultdict(
+        lambda: 'none',
+        {
+            Enum_Option.Pad1:                       'pad',      # [RFC 8200] 0
+            Enum_Option.PadN:                       'pad',      # [RFC 8200]
+            Enum_Option.Tunnel_Encapsulation_Limit: 'tun',      # [RFC 2473] 1
+            Enum_Option.Router_Alert:               'ra',       # [RFC 2711] 2
+            Enum_Option.CALIPSO:                    'calipso',  # [RFC 5570]
+            Enum_Option.SMF_DPD:                    'smf_dpd',  # [RFC 6621]
+            Enum_Option.PDM:                        'pdm',      # [RFC 8250] 10
+            Enum_Option.Quick_Start:                'qs',       # [RFC 4782][RFC Errata 2034] 6
+            Enum_Option.RPL_Option_0x63:            'rpl',      # [RFC 6553]
+            Enum_Option.MPL_Option:                 'mpl',      # [RFC 7731]
+            Enum_Option.ILNP_Nonce:                 'ilnp',     # [RFC 6744]
+            Enum_Option.Line_Identification_Option: 'lio',      # [RFC 6788]
+            Enum_Option.Jumbo_Payload:              'jumbo',    # [RFC 2675]
+            Enum_Option.Home_Address:               'home',     # [RFC 6275]
+            Enum_Option.IP_DFF:                     'ip_dff',   # [RFC 6971]
+        },
+    )  # type: DefaultDict[Enum_Option | int, str | tuple[OptionParser, OptionConstructor]]
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Properties.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> 'Literal["Destination Options for IPv6"]':
+        """Name of current protocol."""
+        return 'Destination Options for IPv6'
+
+    @property
+    def alias(self) -> 'Literal["IPv6-Opts"]':
+        """Acronym of corresponding protocol."""
+        return 'IPv6-Opts'
+
+    @property
+    def length(self) -> 'int':
+        """Header length of current protocol."""
+        return self._info.length
+
+    @property
+    def payload(self) -> 'Protocol | NoReturn':
+        """Payload of current instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: if the protocol is used as an IPv6 extension header
+
+        :rtype: pcapkit.protocols.protocol.Protocol
+        """
+        if self._extf:
+            raise UnsupportedCall(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute 'payload'")
+        return self._next
+
+    @property
+    def protocol(self) -> 'Optional[str] | NoReturn':
+        """Name of next layer protocol (if any).
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: if the protocol is used as an IPv6 extension header
+
+        """
+        if self._extf:
+            raise UnsupportedCall(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute 'protocol'")
+        return super().protocol
+
+    @property
+    def protochain(self) -> 'ProtoChain | NoReturn':
+        """Protocol chain of current instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: if the protocol is used as an IPv6 extension header
+
+        """
+        if self._extf:
+            raise UnsupportedCall(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute 'protochain'")
+        return super().protochain
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Methods.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    def read(self, length: 'Optional[int]' = None, *, extension: 'bool' = False,  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
+             **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Data_IPv6_Opts':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read Destination Options for IPv6.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts header [:rfc:`8200`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |  Next Header  |  Hdr Ext Len  |                               |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
+           |                                                               |
+           .                                                               .
+           .                            Options                            .
+           .                                                               .
+           |                                                               |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            length: Length of packet data.
+            extension: If the packet is used as an IPv6 extension header.
+            **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed packet data.
+
+        """
+        if length is None:
+            length = len(self)
+        schema = self.__schema__
+
+        ipv6_opts = Data_IPv6_Opts(
+            next=schema.next,
+            length=(schema.len + 1) * 8,
+            options=self._read_ipv6_opts(schema.len * 8 + 6),
+        )
+
+        if extension:
+            return ipv6_opts
+        return self._decode_next_layer(ipv6_opts, schema.next, length - ipv6_opts.length)
+
+    def make(self,
+             next: 'Enum_TransType | StdlibEnum | AenumEnum | str | int' = Enum_TransType.UDP,
+             next_default: 'Optional[int]' = None,
+             next_namespace: 'Optional[dict[str, int] | dict[int, str] | Type[StdlibEnum] | Type[AenumEnum]]' = None,  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+             next_reversed: 'bool' = False,
+             options: 'Optional[list[Schema_Option | tuple[Enum_Option, dict[str, Any]] | bytes] | Option]' = None,  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+             payload: 'bytes | Protocol | Schema' = b'',
+             **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_IPv6_Opts':
+        """Make (construct) packet data.
+
+        Args:
+            next: Next header type.
+            next_default: Default value of next header type.
+            next_namespace: Namespace of next header type.
+            next_reversed: If the namespace of next header type is reversed.
+            option: Hop-by-Hop Options.
+            payload: Payload of current protocol.
+            **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructed packet data.
+
+        """
+        next_value = self._make_index(next, next_default, namespace=next_namespace,
+                                      reversed=next_reversed, pack=False)
+
+        if options is not None:
+            options_value, total_length = self._make_ipv6_opts(options)
+            length = math.ceil((total_length - 6) / 8)
+        else:
+            options_value, length = [], 0
+
+        return Schema_IPv6_Opts(
+            next=next_value,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            len=length,
+            options=options_value,
+            payload=payload,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_option(cls, code: 'Enum_Option', meth: 'str | tuple[OptionParser, OptionConstructor]') -> 'None':
+        """Register an option parser.
+
+        Args:
+            code: IPv6-Opts option code.
+            meth: Method name or callable to parse and/or construct the option.
+
+        """
+        if code in cls.__option__:
+            warn(f'option {code} already registered, overwriting', RegistryWarning)
+        cls.__option__[code] = meth
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Data models.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    @overload
+    def __post_init__(self, file: 'IO[bytes] | bytes', length: 'Optional[int]' = ..., *,  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
+                      extension: 'bool' = ..., **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'None': ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __post_init__(self, **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'None': ...  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
+
+    def __post_init__(self, file: 'Optional[IO[bytes] | bytes]' = None, length: 'Optional[int]' = None, *,  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
+                      extension: 'bool' = False, **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'None':
+        """Post initialisation hook.
+
+        Args:
+            file: Source packet stream.
+            length: Length of packet data.
+            extension: If the protocol is used as an IPv6 extension header.
+            **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+
+        See Also:
+            For construction argument, please refer to :meth:`self.make <IPv6_Opts.make>`.
+
+        """
+        #: bool: If the protocol is used as an IPv6 extension header.
+        self._extf = extension
+
+        # call super __post_init__
+        super().__post_init__(file, length, extension=extension, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def __length_hint__(self) -> 'Literal[2]':
+        """Return an estimated length for the object."""
+        return 2
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __index__(cls) -> 'Enum_TransType':  # pylint: disable=invalid-index-returned
+        """Numeral registry index of the protocol.
+
+        Returns:
+            Numeral registry index of the protocol in `IANA`_.
+
+        .. _IANA: https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xhtml
+
+        """
+        return Enum_TransType.IPv6_Opts  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Utilities.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _make_data(cls, data: 'Data_IPv6_Opts') -> 'dict[str, Any]':  # type: ignore[override]
+        """Create key-value pairs from ``data`` for protocol construction.
+
+        Args:
+            data: protocol data
+
+        Returns:
+            Key-value pairs for protocol construction.
+
+        """
+        return {
+            'next': data.next,
+            'options': data.options,
+            'payload': cls._make_payload(data),
+        }
+
+    def _read_opt_type(self, kind: 'int') -> 'tuple[int, bool]':
+        """Read option type field.
+
+        Arguments:
+            kind (int): option kind value
+
+        Returns:
+            Extracted IPv6-Opts option type field information (unknown option
+            action and change flag), c.f. [:rfc:`8200#section-4.2`].
+
+        """
+        bin_ = bin(kind)[2:].zfill(8)
+        return int(bin_[:2], base=2), bool(int(bin_[2], base=2))
+
+    def _read_ipv6_opts(self, length: 'int') -> 'Option':
+        """Read IPv6-Opts options.
+
+        Positional arguments:
+            length: length of options
+
+        Returns:
+            Extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the threshold is **NOT** matching.
+
+        """
+        counter = 0                   # length of read options
+        options = OrderedMultiDict()  # type: Option
+
+        for schema in self.__header__.options:
+            dscp = schema.type
+            name = self.__option__[dscp]
+
+            if isinstance(name, str):
+                meth_name = f'_read_opt_{name}'
+                meth = cast('OptionParser',
+                            getattr(self, meth_name, self._read_opt_none))
+            else:
+                meth = name[0]
+            data = meth(schema, options=options)
+
+            # record option data
+            options.add(dscp, data)
+            counter += len(schema)
+
+        # check threshold
+        if counter != length:
+            raise ProtocolError('IPv6-Opts: invalid format')
+        return options
+
+    def _read_opt_none(self, schema: 'Schema_UnassignedOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_UnassignedOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts unassigned options.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts unassigned options [:rfc:`8200`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - - - - - - - -
+           |  Option Type  |  Opt Data Len |  Option Data
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - - - - - - - -
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        """
+        opt = Data_UnassignedOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            data=schema.data,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_pad(self, schema: 'Schema_PadOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_PadOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts padding options.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts padding options [:rfc:`8200`]:
+
+        * ``Pad1`` option:
+
+          .. code-block:: text
+
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |       0       |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        * ``PadN`` option:
+
+          .. code-block:: text
+
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - - - - - - - -
+             |       1       |  Opt Data Len |  Option Data
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - - - - - - - -
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``code`` is **NOT** ``0`` or ``1``.
+
+        """
+        code, clen = schema.type, schema.len
+
+        if code not in (Enum_Option.Pad1, Enum_Option.PadN):
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format')
+        if code == Enum_Option.Pad1 and clen != 0:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format')
+        if code == Enum_Option.PadN and clen == 0:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format')
+
+        if code == Enum_Option.Pad1:
+            _size = 1
+        else:
+            _size = schema.len + 2
+
+        opt = Data_PadOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=_size,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_tun(self, schema: 'Schema_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Tunnel Encapsulation Limit option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts Tunnel Encapsulation Limit option [:rfc:`2473`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+              Option Type     Opt Data Len   Opt Data Len
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0|       1       | Tun Encap Lim |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.tun.length`` is **NOT** ``1``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 1:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            limit=schema.limit,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_ra(self, schema: 'Schema_RouterAlertOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_RouterAlertOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Router Alert option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts Router Alert option [:rfc:`2711`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |0 0 0|0 0 1 0 1|0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0|        Value (2 octets)       |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.tun.length`` is **NOT** ``2``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 2:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_RouterAlertOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            value=schema.alert,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_calipso(self, schema: 'Schema_CALIPSOOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_CALIPSOOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Common Architecture Label IPv6 Security Option (CALIPSO) option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts CALIPSO option [:rfc:`5570`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+           ------------------------------------------------------------
+           | Next Header | Hdr Ext Len   | Option Type | Option Length|
+           +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+
+           |             CALIPSO Domain of Interpretation             |
+           +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+
+           | Cmpt Length |  Sens Level   |     Checksum (CRC-16)      |
+           +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+
+           |      Compartment Bitmap (Optional; variable length)      |
+           +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the option is malformed.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len < 8 and schema.len % 8 != 0:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+        if schema.cmpt_len % 2 != 0:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_CALIPSOOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            domain=schema.domain,
+            cmpt_len=schema.cmpt_len * 4,
+            level=schema.level,
+            checksum=schema.checksum,
+        )
+
+        if schema.cmpt_len > 0:
+            opt.__update__([
+                ('cmpt_bitmap', tuple(schema.bitmap)),
+            ])
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_smf_dpd(self, schema: 'Schema_SMFDPDOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_SMFDPDOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument,line-too-long
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Simplified Multicast Forwarding Duplicate Packet Detection (``SMF_DPD``) option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts ``SMF_DPD`` option [:rfc:`6621`]:
+
+        * IPv6 ``SMF_DPD`` option header in **I-DPD** (Identification-Based DPD) mode
+
+          .. code-block:: text
+
+              0                   1                   2                   3
+              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                            ...              |0|0|0|  01000  | Opt. Data Len |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |0|TidTy| TidLen|             TaggerID (optional) ...           |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |                               |            Identifier  ...
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        * IPv6 ``SMF_DPD`` option header in **H-DPD** (Hash-Based) mode
+
+          .. code-block:: text
+
+              0                   1                   2                   3
+              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                            ...              |0|0|0| OptType | Opt. Data Len |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |1|    Hash Assist Value (HAV) ...
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the option is malformed.
+
+        """
+        mode = schema.mode
+        if mode == Enum_SMFDPDMode.I_DPD:  # I-DPD mode
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                schema = cast('Schema_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption', schema)
+
+            tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.get(schema.info['type'])
+            tid_len = schema.info['len']
+
+            opt = Data_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption(
+                type=schema.type,
+                action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+                change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+                length=schema.len + 2,
+                dpd_type=mode,
+                tid_type=tid_type,
+                tid_len=tid_len,
+                tid=schema.tid,
+                id=schema.id,
+            )  # type: Data_SMFDPDOption
+        elif mode == Enum_SMFDPDMode.H_DPD:  # H-DPD mode
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                schema = cast('Schema_SMFHashBasedDPDOption', schema)
+
+            opt = Data_SMFHashBasedDPDOption(
+                type=schema.type,
+                action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+                change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+                length=schema.len + 2,
+                dpd_type=mode,
+                hav=schema.hav,
+            )
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid DPD mode: {mode}')
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_pdm(self, schema: 'Schema_PDMOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_PDMOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM) option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts PDM option [:rfc:`8250`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            0                   1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |  Option Type  | Option Length |    ScaleDTLR  |     ScaleDTLS |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |   PSN This Packet             |  PSN Last Received            |
+           |-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |   Delta Time Last Received    |  Delta Time Last Sent         |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.pdm.length`` is **NOT** ``10``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 10:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_PDMOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            scaledtlr=schema.scaledtlr,
+            scaledtls=schema.scaledtls,
+            psntp=schema.psntp,
+            psnlr=schema.psnlr,
+            deltatlr=schema.deltatlr << schema.scaledtlr,
+            deltatls=schema.deltatls << schema.scaledtls,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_qs(self, schema: 'Schema_QuickStartOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_QuickStartOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Quick Start option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts Quick-Start option [:rfc:`4782`]:
+
+        * A Quick-Start Request:
+
+          .. code-block:: text
+
+              0                   1                   2                   3
+              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |   Option      |  Length=6     | Func. | Rate  |   QS TTL      |
+             |               |               | 0000  |Request|               |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |                        QS Nonce                           | R |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        * Report of Approved Rate:
+
+          .. code-block:: text
+
+              0                   1                   2                   3
+              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |   Option      |  Length=6     | Func. | Rate  |   Not Used    |
+             |               |               | 1000  | Report|               |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+             |                        QS Nonce                           | R |
+             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the option is malformed.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 6:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        func = schema.func
+        if func == Enum_QSFunction.Quick_Start_Request:
+            schema_req = cast('Schema_QuickStartRequestOption', schema)
+
+            rate = schema_req.flags['rate']
+            opt = Data_QuickStartRequestOption(
+                type=schema.type,
+                action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+                change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+                length=schema_req.len + 2,
+                func=func,
+                rate=40000 * (2 ** rate) / 1000 if rate > 0 else 0,
+                ttl=datetime.timedelta(seconds=schema_req.ttl),
+                nonce=schema_req.nonce['nonce'],
+            )  # type: Data_QuickStartOption
+        elif func == Enum_QSFunction.Report_of_Approved_Rate:
+            schema_rep = cast('Schema_QuickStartReportOption', schema)
+
+            rate = schema_rep.flags['rate']
+            opt = Data_QuickStartReportOption(
+                type=schema.type,
+                action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+                change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+                length=schema_rep.len + 2,
+                func=func,
+                rate=40000 * (2 ** rate) / 1000 if rate > 0 else 0,
+                nonce=schema_rep.nonce['nonce'],
+            )
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] unknown QS function: {func}')
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_rpl(self, schema: 'Schema_RPLOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_RPLOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts RPL option [:rfc:`6553`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            0                   1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+                                           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                                           |  Option Type  |  Opt Data Len |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |O|R|F|0|0|0|0|0| RPLInstanceID |          SenderRank           |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |                         (sub-TLVs)                            |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.rpl.length`` is **NOT** ``4``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 4:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_RPLOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            flags=Data_RPLFlags(
+                down=bool(schema.flags['down']),
+                rank_err=bool(schema.flags['rank_err']),
+                fwd_err=bool(schema.flags['fwd_err']),
+            ),
+            id=schema.id,
+            rank=schema.rank,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_mpl(self, schema: 'Schema_MPLOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_MPLOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Multicast Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (MPL) option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts MPL option [:rfc:`7731`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            0                   1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+                                           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                                           |  Option Type  |  Opt Data Len |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           | S |M|V|  rsv  |   sequence    |      seed-id (optional)       |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the option is malformed.
+
+        """
+        kind = Enum_SeedID.get(schema.flags['type'])
+        clen = schema.len
+
+        if schema.len < 2:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+        if kind == kind.IPV6_SOURCE_ADDRESS:
+            if clen != 2:
+                raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid seed-id length: {clen - 2}')
+        elif kind == kind.SEEDID_16_BIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
+            if clen != 4:
+                raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid seed-id length: {clen - 2}')
+        elif kind == kind.SEEDID_64_BIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
+            if clen != 10:
+                raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid seed-id length: {clen - 2}')
+        elif kind == kind.SEEDID_128_BIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
+            if clen != 18:
+                raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid seed-id length: {clen - 2}')
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid seed-id type: {kind}')
+
+        opt = Data_MPLOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            seed_type=kind,
+            flags=Data_MPLFlags(
+                max=bool(schema.flags['max']),
+                drop=bool(schema.flags['drop']),
+            ),
+            seq=schema.seq,
+            seed_id=schema.seed if schema.seed is not NoValue else None,  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_ilnp(self, schema: 'Schema_ILNPOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_ILNPOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) Nonce option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts ILNP Nonce option [:rfc:`6744`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            0                   1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           | Next Header   | Hdr Ext Len   |  Option Type  | Option Length |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           /                         Nonce Value                           /
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        """
+        opt = Data_ILNPOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            nonce=schema.nonce,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_lio(self, schema: 'Schema_LineIdentificationOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_LineIdentificationOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Line-Identification option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts Line-Identification option [:rfc:`6788`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            0                   1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+                                           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                                           |  Option Type  | Option Length |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           | LineIDLen     |     Line ID...
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        """
+        opt = Data_LineIdentificationOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            line_id_len=schema.id_len,
+            line_id=schema.id,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_jumbo(self, schema: 'Schema_JumboPayloadOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_JumboPayloadOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Jumbo Payload option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts Jumbo Payload option [:rfc:`2675`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+                                           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                                           |  Option Type  |  Opt Data Len |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |                     Jumbo Payload Length                      |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.jumbo.length`` is **NOT** ``4``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 4:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_JumboPayloadOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            jumbo_len=schema.jumbo_len,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_home(self, schema: 'Schema_HomeAddressOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_HomeAddressOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Home Address option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts Home Address option [:rfc:`6275`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+            0                   1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+                                           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+                                           |  Option Type  | Option Length |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |                                                               |
+           +                                                               +
+           |                                                               |
+           +                          Home Address                         +
+           |                                                               |
+           +                                                               +
+           |                                                               |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.jumbo.length`` is **NOT** ``16``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 16:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_HomeAddressOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            address=schema.addr,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _read_opt_ip_dff(self, schema: 'Schema_IPDFFOption', option: 'Option') -> 'Data_IPDFFOption':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Read IPv6-Opts Depth-First Forwarding (``IP_DFF``) option.
+
+        Structure of IPv6-Opts ``IP_DFF`` option [:rfc:`6971`]:
+
+        .. code-block:: text
+
+                                1                   2                   3
+            0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |  Next Header  |  Hdr Ext Len  |  OptTypeDFF   | OptDataLenDFF |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+           |VER|D|R|0|0|0|0|        Sequence Number        |      Pad1     |
+           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+        Args:
+            schema: parsed parameter schema
+            option: extracted IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed option data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If ``ipv6_opts.ip_dff.length`` is **NOT** ``2``.
+
+        """
+        if schema.len != 2:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {schema.type}] invalid format')
+
+        opt = Data_IPDFFOption(
+            type=schema.type,
+            action=Enum_OptionAction.get(schema.type >> 6),
+            change=bool(schema.type & 0b00100000),
+            length=schema.len + 2,
+            version=schema.flags['ver'],
+            flags=Data_DFFFlags(
+                dup=bool(schema.flags['dup']),
+                ret=bool(schema.flags['ret']),
+            ),
+            seq=schema.seq,
+        )
+        return opt
+
+    def _make_ipv6_opts(self, options: 'list[Schema_Option | tuple[Enum_Option, dict[str, Any]] | bytes] | Option') -> 'tuple[list[Schema_Option | bytes], int]':
+        """Make options for IPv6-Opts.
+
+        Args:
+            option: IPv6-Opts options
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of options and total length of options.
+
+        """
+        total_length = 0
+        if isinstance(options, list):
+            options_list = []  # type: list[Schema_Option | bytes]
+            for schema in options:
+                if isinstance(schema, bytes):
+                    code = Enum_Option.get(schema[0])
+                    if code in (Enum_Option.Pad1, Enum_Option.PadN):  # ignore padding options by default
+                        continue
+
+                    opt = schema  # type: bytes | Schema_Option
+                    opt_len = len(schema)
+                elif isinstance(schema, Schema):
+                    code = schema.type
+                    if code in (Enum_Option.Pad1, Enum_Option.PadN):  # ignore padding options by default
+                        continue
+
+                    opt = schema
+                    opt_len = len(schema.pack())
+                else:
+                    code, args = cast('tuple[Enum_Option, dict[str, Any]]', schema)
+                    if code in (Enum_Option.Pad1, Enum_Option.PadN):  # ignore padding options by default
+                        continue
+
+                    name = self.__option__[code]  # type: str | tuple[OptionParser, OptionConstructor]
+                    if isinstance(name, str):
+                        meth_name = f'_make_opt_{name}'
+                        meth = cast('OptionConstructor',
+                                    getattr(self, meth_name, self._make_opt_none))
+                    else:
+                        meth = name[1]
+
+                    opt = meth(code, **args)
+                    opt_len = len(opt.pack())
+
+                options_list.append(opt)
+                total_length += opt_len
+
+                # force alignment to 8 octets
+                if opt_len % 8:
+                    pad_len = 8 - (opt_len % 8)
+                    if pad_len in (1, 2):
+                        pad_opt = self._make_opt_pad(Enum_Option.Pad1, length=0)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    else:
+                        pad_opt = self._make_opt_pad(Enum_Option.PadN, length=pad_len)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+                    options_list.append(pad_opt)
+                    if pad_len == 2:  # need 2 Pad1 options
+                        options_list.append(pad_opt)
+                    total_length += pad_len
+            return options_list, total_length
+
+        options_list = []
+        for code, option in options.items(multi=True):
+            # ignore padding options by default
+            if code in (Enum_Option.Pad1, Enum_Option.PadN):
+                continue
+
+            name = self.__option__[code]
+            if isinstance(name, str):
+                meth_name = f'_make_opt_{name}'
+                meth = cast('OptionConstructor',
+                            getattr(self, meth_name, self._make_opt_none))
+            else:
+                meth = name[1]
+
+            opt = meth(code, option)
+            opt_len = len(opt.pack())
+
+            options_list.append(opt)
+            total_length += opt_len
+
+            # force alignment to 8 octets
+            if opt_len % 8:
+                pad_len = 8 - (opt_len % 8)
+                if pad_len in (1, 2):
+                    pad_opt = self._make_opt_pad(Enum_Option.Pad1, length=0)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    pad_opt = self._make_opt_pad(Enum_Option.PadN, length=pad_len)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+                options_list.append(pad_opt)
+                if pad_len == 2:  # need 2 Pad1 options
+                    options_list.append(pad_opt)
+                total_length += pad_len
+        return options_list, total_length
+
+    def _make_opt_none(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_UnassignedOption]' = None, *,
+                       data: 'bytes' = b'',
+                       **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_UnassignedOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts unassigned option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            data: option payload in :obj:`bytes`
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            data = opt.data
+
+        return Schema_UnassignedOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=len(data),
+            data=data,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_pad(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_PadOption]' = None, *,
+                      length: 'int' = 0,
+                      **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_PadOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts pad option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            length: padding length
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if code == Enum_Option.Pad1 and length != 0:
+            #raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format')
+            warn(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format', ProtocolWarning)
+            code = Enum_Option.PadN  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if code == Enum_Option.PadN and length == 0:
+            #raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format')
+            warn(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid format', ProtocolWarning)
+            code = Enum_Option.Pad1  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return Schema_PadOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=length,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_tun(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption]' = None, *,
+                      limit: 'int' = 0,
+                      **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts tunnel encapsulation limit option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            limit: tunnel encapsulation limit
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            limit = opt.limit
+
+        return Schema_TunnelEncapsulationLimitOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=1,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_ra(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_RouterAlertOption]' = None, *,
+                     alert: 'Enum_RouterAlert | StdlibEnum | AenumEnum | str | int' = Enum_RouterAlert.Datagram_contains_a_Multicast_Listener_Discovery_message,  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                     alert_default: 'Optional[int]' = None,
+                     alert_namespace: 'Optional[dict[str, int] | dict[int, str] | Type[StdlibEnum] | Type[AenumEnum]]' = None,  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                     alert_reversed: 'bool' = False,
+                     **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_RouterAlertOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts router alert option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            alert: router alert value
+            alert_default: default value of router alert
+            alert_namespace: namespace of router alert
+            alert_reversed: reversed flag of router alert
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            value = opt.value
+        else:
+            value = self._make_index(alert, alert_default, namespace=alert_namespace,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                                     reversed=alert_reversed, pack=False)
+
+        return Schema_RouterAlertOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=2,
+            alert=value,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_calipso(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_CALIPSOOption]' = None, *,
+                          domain: 'int' = 0,
+                          level: 'int' = 0,
+                          checksum: 'bytes' = b'\x00\x00',
+                          bitmap: 'Optional[bytes]' = None,
+                          **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_CALIPSOOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts calipso option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            domain: CALIPSO domain of interpretation
+            level: sensitivity level
+            checksum: checksum of the option
+            bitmap: compartment bitmap
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            domain = opt.domain
+            cmpt_len = len(opt.cmpt_bitmap) if hasattr(opt, 'cmpt_bitmap') else 0
+            level = opt.level
+            checksum = opt.checksum
+            bitmap = opt.cmpt_bitmap if hasattr(opt, 'cmpt_bitmap') else None
+
+        return Schema_CALIPSOOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=8 + cmpt_len,
+            domain=domain,
+            cmpt_len=cmpt_len,
+            level=level,
+            checksum=checksum,
+            bitmap=bitmap,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_smf_dpd(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption | Data_SMFHashBasedDPDOption]' = None, *,
+                          mode: 'Enum_SMFDPDMode | StdlibEnum | AenumEnum | str | int' = Enum_SMFDPDMode.I_DPD,
+                          mode_default: 'Optional[int]' = None,
+                          mode_namespace: 'Optional[dict[str, int] | dict[int, str] | Type[StdlibEnum] | Type[AenumEnum]]' = None,  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                          mode_reversed: 'bool' = False,
+                          tid: 'Optional[bytes | IPv4Address | IPv6Address]' = None,
+                          id: 'bytes' = b'',
+                          hav: 'bytes' = b'',
+                          **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_SMFDPDOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts SMF DPD option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            mode: DPD mode
+            mode_default: default value of DPD mode
+            mode_namespace: namespace of DPD mode
+            mode_reversed: reversed flag of DPD mode
+            tid: Tagger ID
+            id: identifier
+            hav: hash assist value (HAV)
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            dpd_type = opt.dpd_type
+            tid = getattr(opt, 'tid', None)
+            id = getattr(opt, 'id', b'')
+            hav = getattr(opt, 'hav', b'')
+
+        dpd_type = self._make_index(mode, mode_default, namespace=mode_namespace,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                                    reversed=mode_reversed, pack=False)
+
+        if dpd_type == Enum_SMFDPDMode.I_DPD:
+            if tid is None:
+                schema = Schema_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption(
+                    type=code,
+                    len=1 + len(id),
+                    info={
+                        'mode': 0,
+                        'type': Enum_TaggerID.NULL,
+                        'len': 0,
+                    },
+                    tid=None,
+                    id=id,
+                )  # type: Schema_SMFDPDOption
+            elif isinstance(tid, bytes):
+                tid_len = len(tid)
+                if tid_len == 0:
+                    tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.NULL
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        tid_ip_ver = ipaddress.ip_address(tid).version
+                        if tid_ip_ver == 4:
+                            tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.IPv4
+                        elif tid_ip_ver == 6:
+                            tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.IPv6
+                        else:
+                            tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.DEFAULT  # type: ignore[unreachable]
+                    except ValueError:
+                        tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.DEFAULT
+
+                schema = Schema_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption(
+                    type=code,
+                    len=1 + tid_len + len(id),
+                    info={
+                        'mode': 0,
+                        'type': tid_type,
+                        'len': tid_len - 1,
+                    },
+                    tid=tid,
+                    id=id,
+                )
+            else:
+                tid_ver = tid.version
+                if tid_ver == 4:
+                    tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.IPv4
+                    tid_len = 4
+                elif tid_ver == 6:
+                    tid_type = Enum_TaggerID.IPv6
+                    tid_len = 16
+                else:
+                    raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid TaggerID version: {tid_ver}')
+
+                schema = Schema_SMFIdentificationBasedDPDOption(
+                    type=code,
+                    len=1 + tid_len + len(id),
+                    info={
+                        'mode': 0,
+                        'type': tid_type,
+                        'len': tid_len - 1,
+                    },
+                    tid=tid.packed,
+                    id=id,
+                )
+        elif dpd_type == Enum_SMFDPDMode.H_DPD:
+            hav_ba = bytearray(hav)
+            hav_ba[0] = hav[0] | 0x80
+
+            schema = Schema_SMFHashBasedDPDOption(
+                type=code,
+                len=len(hav),
+                hav=bytes(hav_ba),
+            )
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid DPD type: {dpd_type}')
+        return schema
+
+    def _make_opt_pdm(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_PDMOption]' = None, *,
+                      psntp: 'int' = 0,
+                      psnlr: 'int' = 0,
+                      deltatlr: 'int' = 0,
+                      deltatls: 'int' = 0,
+                      **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_PDMOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts PDM option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            psntp: packet sequence number (PSN) this packet
+            psnlr: packet sequence number (PSN) last received
+            deltatlr: delta time last received (in attoseconds)
+            deltatls: delta time last sent (in attoseconds)
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            psntp = opt.psntp
+            psnlr = opt.psnlr
+            deltatlr = opt.deltatlr
+            deltatls = opt.deltatls
+
+        dtlr_bl = deltatlr.bit_length()
+        scale_dtlr = dtlr_bl - 16 if dtlr_bl > 16 else 0
+        if scale_dtlr > 255:
+            warn(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] too large delta time last received: {deltatlr} (scaled: {scale_dtlr})',
+                 ProtocolWarning)
+
+        dtls_bl = deltatls.bit_length()
+        scale_dtls = dtls_bl - 16 if dtls_bl > 16 else 0
+        if scale_dtls > 255:
+            warn(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] too large delta time last sent: {deltatls} (scaled: {scale_dtls})',
+                 ProtocolWarning)
+
+        return Schema_PDMOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=10,
+            scaledtlr=scale_dtlr,
+            scaledtls=scale_dtls,
+            psntp=psntp,
+            psnlr=psnlr,
+            deltatlr=deltatlr >> scale_dtlr,
+            deltatls=deltatls >> scale_dtls,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_qs(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_QuickStartOption]' = None, *,
+                     func: 'Enum_QSFunction | StdlibEnum | AenumEnum | str | int' = Enum_QSFunction.Quick_Start_Request,
+                     func_default: 'Optional[int]' = None,
+                     func_namespace: 'Optional[dict[str, int] | dict[int, str] | Type[StdlibEnum] | Type[AenumEnum]]' = None,   # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                     func_reversed: 'bool' = False,
+                     rate: 'int' = 0,
+                     ttl: 'timedelta | int' = 0,
+                     nonce: 'int' = 0,
+                     **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_QuickStartOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts QS option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            func: QS function type
+            func_default: default value for QS function type
+            func_namespace: namespace for QS function type
+            func_reversed: reversed flag for QS function type
+            rate: rate (in kbps)
+            ttl: time to live (in seconds)
+            nonce: nonce value
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            func_enum = opt.func
+            rate = opt.rate
+            ttl = getattr(opt, 'ttl', 0)
+            nonce = getattr(opt, 'nonce', 0)
+        else:
+            func_enum = self._make_index(func, func_default, namespace=func_namespace,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                                         reversed=func_reversed, pack=False)
+        rate_val = math.floor(math.log2(rate * 1000 / 40000)) if rate > 0 else 0
+
+        if func_enum == Enum_QSFunction.Quick_Start_Request:
+            ttl_value = ttl if isinstance(ttl, int) else math.floor(ttl.total_seconds())
+
+            return Schema_QuickStartRequestOption(
+                type=code,
+                len=6,
+                flags={
+                    'func': func_enum,
+                    'rate': rate_val,
+                },
+                ttl=ttl_value,
+                nonce={
+                    'nonce': nonce,
+                },
+            )
+        if func_enum == Enum_QSFunction.Report_of_Approved_Rate:
+            return Schema_QuickStartReportOption(
+                type=code,
+                len=6,
+                flags={
+                    'func': func_enum,
+                    'rate': rate_val,
+                },
+                nonce={
+                    'nonce': nonce,
+                },
+            )
+        raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] invalid QS function: {func_enum}')
+
+    def _make_opt_rpl(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_RPLOption]' = None, *,
+                      down: 'bool' = False,
+                      rank_err: 'bool' = False,
+                      fwd_err: 'bool' = False,
+                      id: 'int' = 0,
+                      rank: 'int' = 0,
+                      **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_RPLOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts RPL option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            down: down flag
+            rank_err: rank error flag
+            fwd_err: forwarding error flag
+            id: RPL instance ID
+            rank: sender rank
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            down = opt.flags.down
+            rank_err = opt.flags.rank_err
+            fwd_err = opt.flags.fwd_err
+            id = opt.id
+            rank = opt.rank
+
+        return Schema_RPLOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=4,
+            flags={
+                'down': down,
+                'rank_err': rank_err,
+                'fwd_err': fwd_err,
+            },
+            id=id,
+            rank=rank,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_mpl(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_MPLOption]' = None, *,
+                      max: 'bool' = False,
+                      drop: 'bool' = False,
+                      seq: 'int' = 0,
+                      seed: 'Optional[int]' = None,
+                      **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_MPLOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts MPL option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            max: maximum sequence number flag
+            drop: drop packet flag
+            seq: MPL sequence number
+            seed: MPL seed ID
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            max = opt.flags.max
+            drop = opt.flags.drop
+            seq = opt.seq
+            seed = opt.seed_id
+
+        if seed is None:
+            kind = Enum_SeedID.IPV6_SOURCE_ADDRESS
+            clen = 2
+        else:
+            seed_bl = seed.bit_length()
+            if seed_bl <= 16:
+                kind = Enum_SeedID.SEEDID_16_BIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER
+                clen = 4
+            elif seed_bl <= 64:
+                kind = Enum_SeedID.SEEDID_64_BIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER
+                clen = 10
+            elif seed_bl <= 128:
+                kind = Enum_SeedID.SEEDID_128_BIT_UNSIGNED_INTEGER
+                clen = 18
+            else:
+                raise ProtocolError(f'{self.alias}: [OptNo {code}] too large MPL seed ID: {seed}')
+
+        return Schema_MPLOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=clen,
+            flags={
+                'type': kind,
+                'max': max,
+                'drop': drop,
+            },
+            seq=seq,
+            seed=seed,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_ilnp(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_ILNPOption]' = None, *,
+                       nonce: 'int' = 0,
+                       **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_ILNPOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts ILNP option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            nonce: ILNP nonce value
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            nonce = opt.nonce
+
+        return Schema_ILNPOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=math.ceil(nonce.bit_length() // 8),
+            nonce=nonce,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_lio(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_LineIdentificationOption]' = None, *,
+                      id: 'bytes' = b'',
+                      **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_LineIdentificationOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts LIO option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            id: line ID value
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            id = opt.line_id
+
+        return Schema_LineIdentificationOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=len(id) + 1,
+            id_len=len(id),
+            id=id,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_jumbo(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_JumboPayloadOption]' = None, *,
+                        len: 'int' = 0,
+                        **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_JumboPayloadOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts Jumbo Payload option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            len: jumbo payload length
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            len = opt.jumbo_len
+
+        return Schema_JumboPayloadOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=4,
+            jumbo_len=len,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_home(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_HomeAddressOption]' = None, *,
+                       addr: 'IPv6Address | str | bytes | int' = '::',
+                       **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_HomeAddressOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts Home Address option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            addr: home address value
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            addr = opt.address
+
+        return Schema_HomeAddressOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=16,
+            addr=addr,
+        )
+
+    def _make_opt_ip_dff(self, code: 'Enum_Option', opt: 'Optional[Data_IPDFFOption]' = None, *,
+                         version: 'int' = 0,
+                         dup: 'bool' = False,
+                         ret: 'bool' = False,
+                         seq: 'int' = 0,
+                         **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'Schema_IPDFFOption':
+        """Make IPv6-Opts IP DFF option.
+
+        Args:
+            code: option type value
+            opt: option data
+            version: DFF version
+            dup: duplicate packet flag
+            ret: return packet flag
+            seq: DFF sequence number
+            **kwargs: arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Constructured option schema.
+
+        """
+        if opt is not None:
+            version = opt.version
+            dup = opt.flags.dup
+            ret = opt.flags.ret
+            seq = opt.seq
+
+        return Schema_IPDFFOption(
+            type=code,
+            len=2,
+            flags={
+                'ver': version,
+                'dup': dup,
+                'ret': ret,
+            },
+            seq=seq,
+        )