pypcapkit 1.3.5.post6__cp312-none-any.whl

pcapkit/foundation/extraction.py

@@ -0,0 +1,915 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel,fixme
+# mypy: disable-error-code=dict-item
+"""Extractor for PCAP Files
+==============================
+
+.. module:: pcapkit.foundation.extraction
+
+:mod:`pcapkit.foundation.extraction` contains
+:class:`~pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor` only,
+which synthesises file I/O and protocol analysis,
+coordinates information exchange in all network layers,
+extracts parametres from a PCAP file.
+
+"""
+import collections
+import importlib
+import io
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Generic, TypeVar, cast
+
+from dictdumper.dumper import Dumper
+
+from pcapkit.corekit.io import SeekableReader
+from pcapkit.corekit.module import ModuleDescriptor
+from pcapkit.dumpkit.common import make_dumper
+from pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine import Engine
+from pcapkit.foundation.engines.pcap import PCAP as PCAP_Engine
+from pcapkit.foundation.engines.pcapng import PCAPNG as PCAPNG_Engine
+from pcapkit.foundation.reassembly import ReassemblyManager
+from pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.data import ReassemblyData
+from pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.reassembly import Reassembly
+from pcapkit.foundation.traceflow import TraceFlowManager
+from pcapkit.foundation.traceflow.data import TraceFlowData
+from pcapkit.foundation.traceflow.traceflow import TraceFlow
+from pcapkit.utilities.exceptions import (CallableError, FileNotFound, FormatError, IterableError,
+                                          RegistryError, UnsupportedCall, stacklevel)
+from pcapkit.utilities.logging import logger
+from pcapkit.utilities.warnings import (EngineWarning, ExtractionWarning, FormatWarning,
+                                        RegistryWarning, warn)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from io import BufferedReader
+    from types import ModuleType, TracebackType
+    from typing import IO, Any, Callable, DefaultDict, Optional, Type, Union
+
+    from dpkt.dpkt import Packet as DPKTPacket
+    from pyshark.packet.packet import Packet as PySharkPacket
+    from scapy.packet import Packet as ScapyPacket
+    from typing_extensions import Literal
+
+    from pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.ipv4 import IPv4 as IPv4_Reassembly
+    from pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.ipv6 import IPv6 as IPv6_Reassembly
+    from pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.tcp import TCP as TCP_Reassembly
+    from pcapkit.foundation.traceflow.tcp import TCP as TCP_TraceFlow
+    from pcapkit.protocols.misc.pcap.frame import Frame
+    from pcapkit.protocols.misc.pcapng import PCAPNG
+    from pcapkit.protocols.protocol import ProtocolBase as Protocol
+
+    Formats = Literal['pcap', 'json', 'tree', 'plist']
+    Engines = Literal['default', 'pcapkit', 'dpkt', 'scapy', 'pyshark']
+    Layers = Literal['link', 'internet', 'transport', 'application', 'none']
+
+    Packet = Union[Frame, PCAPNG, ScapyPacket, DPKTPacket, PySharkPacket]
+
+    Protocols = Union[str, Protocol, Type[Protocol]]
+    VerboseHandler = Callable[['Extractor', Packet], Any]
+
+__all__ = ['Extractor']
+
+_P = TypeVar('_P')
+
+
+class Extractor(Generic[_P]):
+    """Extractor for PCAP files.
+
+    Notes:
+        For supported engines, please refer to
+        :meth:`~pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor.run`.
+
+    """
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        #: Input file name.
+        _ifnm: 'str'
+        #: Output file name.
+        _ofnm: 'Optional[str]'
+        #: Output file extension.
+        _fext: 'Optional[str]'
+
+        #: Auto extract flag. It indicates if the extraction process should
+        #: continue automatically until the EOF is reached.
+        _flag_a: 'bool'
+        #: Store data flag. It indicates if the extracted frames should be
+        #: stored in memory.
+        _flag_d: 'bool'
+        #: EOF flag. It indicates if the EOF is reached.
+        _flag_e: 'bool'
+        #: Split file flag, i.e. dump each frame into different files.
+        _flag_f: 'bool'
+        #: No output file, i.e., no output file is to be generated.
+        _flag_q: 'bool'
+        #: Trace flag. It indicates if the flow tracing is enabled.
+        _flag_t: 'bool'
+        #: Verbose flag. This is used to determine if the verbose callback
+        #: function should be called at each frame.
+        _flag_v: 'bool'
+        #: No EOF flag. It is useful when the input file is a live capture,
+        #: as the extraction process will not stop until the user interrupt
+        #: the process.
+        _flag_n: 'bool'
+        #: Input filename flag. It indicates if the input file is a file
+        #: name or a binary IO object. For the latter, we should not close
+        #: the file object after extraction.
+        _flag_s: 'bool'
+
+        #: Verbose callback function.
+        #_vfunc: 'VerboseHandler'
+
+        #: Frame number.
+        _frnum: 'int'
+        #: Frame records.
+        _frame: 'list[Packet]'
+
+        #: Frame record for reassembly.
+        _reasm: 'ReassemblyManager'
+        #: Frame record for flow tracing.
+        _trace: 'TraceFlowManager'
+
+        #: IPv4 flag. It indicates if the IPv4 reassembly and/or flow tracing
+        #: is enabled.
+        _ipv4: 'bool'
+        #: IPv6 flag. It indicates if the IPv6 reassembly and/or flow tracing
+        #: is enabled.
+        _ipv6: 'bool'
+        #: TCP flag. It indicates if the TCP reassembly and/or flow tracing
+        #: is enabled.
+        _tcp: 'bool'
+
+        #: Extract til protocol.
+        _exptl: 'Protocols'
+        #: Extract til layer.
+        _exlyr: 'Layers'
+        #: Extraction engine name.
+        _exnam: 'Engines'
+        #: Extraction engine instance.
+        _exeng: 'Engine[_P]'
+
+        #: Input file object.
+        _ifile: 'BufferedReader'
+        #: Output file object.
+        _ofile: 'Dumper | Type[Dumper]'
+
+        #: Magic number.
+        _magic: 'bytes'
+        #: Output format.
+        _offmt: 'Formats'
+
+    #: List of potential PCAP file extentions.
+    PCAP_EXT = ['.pcap', '.cap', '.pcapng']
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Defaults.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    #: Format dumper mapping for writing output files. The values should be a
+    #: tuple representing the module name and class name, or a
+    #: :class:`dictdumper.dumper.Dumper` subclass, and corresponding file extension.
+    __output__ = collections.defaultdict(
+        lambda: (ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.dumpkit', 'NotImplementedIO'), None),
+        {
+            'pcap': (ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.dumpkit', 'PCAPIO'), '.pcap'),
+            'cap': (ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.dumpkit', 'PCAPIO'), '.pcap'),
+            'plist': (ModuleDescriptor('dictdumper', 'PLIST'), '.plist'),
+            'xml': (ModuleDescriptor('dictdumper', 'PLIST'), '.plist'),
+            'json': (ModuleDescriptor('dictdumper', 'JSON'), '.json'),
+            'tree': (ModuleDescriptor('dictdumper', 'Tree'), '.txt'),
+            'text': (ModuleDescriptor('dictdumper', 'Text'), '.txt'),
+            'txt': (ModuleDescriptor('dictdumper', 'Tree'), '.txt'),
+        },
+    )  # type: DefaultDict[str, tuple[ModuleDescriptor[Dumper] | Type[Dumper], str | None]]
+
+    #: Engine mapping for extracting frames. The values should be a tuple representing
+    #: the module name and class name, or an :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine.Engine`
+    #: subclass.
+    __engine__ = {
+        'scapy': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.engines.scapy', 'Scapy'),
+        'dpkt': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.engines.dpkt', 'DPKT'),
+        'pyshark': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.engines.pyshark', 'PyShark'),
+    }  # type: dict[str, ModuleDescriptor[Engine] | Type[Engine]]
+
+    #: Reassembly support mapping for extracting frames. The values should be a tuple
+    #: representing the module name and class name, or a :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.reassembly.Reassembly`
+    #: subclass.
+    __reassembly__ = {
+        'ipv4': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.ipv4', 'IPv4'),
+        'ipv6': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.ipv6', 'IPv6'),
+        'tcp': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.tcp', 'TCP'),
+    }  # type: dict[str, ModuleDescriptor[Reassembly] | Type[Reassembly]]
+
+    #: Flow tracing support mapping for extracting frames. The values should be a tuple
+    #: representing the module name and class name, or a :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.traceflow.traceflow.TraceFlow`
+    #: subclass.
+    __traceflow__ = {
+        'tcp': ModuleDescriptor('pcapkit.foundation.traceflow.tcp', 'TCP'),
+    }  # type: dict[str, ModuleDescriptor[TraceFlow] | Type[TraceFlow]]
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Properties.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    @property
+    def length(self) -> 'int':
+        """Frame number (of current extracted frame or all)."""
+        return self._frnum
+
+    @property
+    def format(self) -> 'Formats':
+        """Format of output file.
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: If :attr:`self._flag_q <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_q>`
+                is set as :data:`True`, as output is disabled by initialisation parameter.
+
+        """
+        if self._flag_q:
+            raise UnsupportedCall("'Extractor(nofile=True)' object has no attribute 'format'")
+        return self._offmt
+
+    @property
+    def input(self) -> 'str':
+        """Name of input PCAP file."""
+        return self._ifnm
+
+    @property
+    def output(self) -> 'str':
+        """Name of output file.
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: If :attr:`self._flag_q <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_q>`
+                is set as :data:`True`, as output is disabled by initialisation parameter.
+
+        """
+        if self._flag_q:
+            raise UnsupportedCall("'Extractor(nofile=True)' object has no attribute 'format'")
+        return cast('str', self._ofnm)
+
+    @property
+    def frame(self) -> 'tuple[Packet, ...]':
+        """Extracted frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: If :attr:`self._flag_d <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_d>`
+                is :data:`False`, as storing frame data is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self._flag_d:
+            return tuple(self._frame)
+        raise UnsupportedCall("'Extractor(store=False)' object has no attribute 'frame'")
+
+    @property
+    def reassembly(self) -> 'ReassemblyData':
+        """Frame record for reassembly.
+
+        * ``ipv4`` -- tuple of IPv4 payload fragment (:term:`reasm.ipv4.datagram`)
+        * ``ipv6`` -- tuple of IPv6 payload fragment (:term:`reasm.ipv6.datagram`)
+        * ``tcp`` -- tuple of TCP payload fragment (:term:`reasm.tcp.datagram`)
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: If :attr:`self._flag_r <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_r>`
+                is :data:`False`, as reassembly is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self._flag_r:
+            data = ReassemblyData(
+                ipv4=tuple(self._reasm.ipv4.datagram) if self._ipv4 else None,
+                ipv6=tuple(self._reasm.ipv6.datagram) if self._ipv6 else None,
+                tcp=tuple(self._reasm.tcp.datagram) if self._tcp else None,
+            )
+            return data
+        raise UnsupportedCall("'Extractor(reassembly=False)' object has no attribute 'reassembly'")
+
+    @property
+    def trace(self) -> 'TraceFlowData':
+        """Index table for traced flow.
+
+        * ``tcp`` -- tuple of TCP flows (:term:`trace.tcp.index`)
+
+        Raises:
+            UnsupportedCall: If :attr:`self._flag_t <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_t>`
+                is :data:`False`, as flow tracing is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self._flag_t:
+            data = TraceFlowData(
+                tcp=tuple(self._trace.tcp.index) if self._tcp else None,
+            )
+            return data
+        raise UnsupportedCall("'Extractor(trace=False)' object has no attribute 'trace'")
+
+    @property
+    def engine(self) -> 'Engine':
+        """PCAP extraction engine."""
+        return self._exeng
+
+    @property
+    def magic_number(self) -> 'bytes':
+        """Magic number of input PCAP file."""
+        return self._magic
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Methods.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_dumper(cls, format: 'str', dumper: 'ModuleDescriptor[Dumper] | Type[Dumper]', ext: 'str') -> 'None':
+        r"""Register a new dumper class.
+
+        Notes:
+            The full qualified class name of the new dumper class
+            should be as ``{dumper.module}.{dumper.name}``.
+
+        Arguments:
+            format: format name
+            dumper: module descriptor or a :class:`dictdumper.dumper.Dumper` subclass
+            ext: file extension
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(dumper, ModuleDescriptor):
+            dumper = dumper.klass
+        if not issubclass(dumper, Dumper):
+            raise RegistryError(f'dumper must be a Dumper subclass, not {dumper!r}')
+        if format in cls.__output__:
+            warn(f'dumper {format} already registered, overwriting', RegistryWarning)
+        cls.__output__[format] = (dumper, ext)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_engine(cls, name: 'str', engine: 'ModuleDescriptor[Engine] | Type[Engine]') -> 'None':
+        r"""Register a new extraction engine.
+
+        Notes:
+            The full qualified class name of the new extraction engine
+            should be as ``{engine.module}.{engine.name}``.
+
+        Arguments:
+            name: engine name
+            engine: module descriptor or an
+                :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine.Engine` subclass
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(engine, ModuleDescriptor):
+            engine = engine.klass
+        if not issubclass(engine, Engine):
+            raise RegistryError(f'engine must be an Engine subclass, not {engine!r}')
+        if name in cls.__engine__:
+            warn(f'engine {name} already registered, overwriting', RegistryWarning)
+        cls.__engine__[name] = engine
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_reassembly(cls, protocol: 'str', reassembly: 'ModuleDescriptor[Reassembly] | Type[Reassembly]') -> 'None':
+        r"""Register a new reassembly engine.
+
+        Notes:
+            The full qualified class name of the new reassembly engine
+            should be as ``{reassembly.module}.{reassembly.name}``.
+
+        Arguments:
+            protocol: protocol name
+            reassembly: module descriptor or a
+                :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.reassembly.reassembly.Reassembly` subclass
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(reassembly, ModuleDescriptor):
+            reassembly = reassembly.klass
+        if not issubclass(reassembly, Reassembly):
+            raise RegistryError(f'reassembly must be a Reassembly subclass, not {reassembly!r}')
+        if protocol in cls.__reassembly__:
+            warn(f'reassembly {protocol} already registered, overwriting', RegistryWarning)
+        cls.__reassembly__[protocol] = reassembly
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_traceflow(cls, protocol: 'str', traceflow: 'ModuleDescriptor[TraceFlow] | Type[TraceFlow]') -> 'None':
+        r"""Register a new flow tracing engine.
+
+        Notes:
+            The full qualified class name of the new flow tracing engine
+            should be as ``{traceflow.module}.{traceflow.name}``.
+
+        Arguments:
+            protocol: protocol name
+            traceflow: module descriptor or a
+                :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.traceflow.traceflow.TraceFlow` subclass
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(traceflow, ModuleDescriptor):
+            traceflow = traceflow.klass
+        if not issubclass(traceflow, TraceFlow):
+            raise RegistryError(f'traceflow must be a TraceFlow subclass, not {traceflow!r}')
+        if protocol in cls.__traceflow__:
+            warn(f'traceflow {protocol} already registered, overwriting', RegistryWarning)
+        cls.__traceflow__[protocol] = traceflow
+
+    def run(self) -> 'None':  # pylint: disable=inconsistent-return-statements
+        """Start extraction.
+
+        We uses :meth:`~pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor.import_test` to check if
+        a certain engine is available or not. For supported engines, each engine has
+        different driver method:
+
+        * Default drivers:
+
+          - PCAP Format: :class:`pcapkit.foundation.engines.pcap.PCAP`
+          - PCAP-NG Format: :class:`pcapkit.foundation.engines.pcapng.PCAPNG`
+
+        * DPKT driver: :class:`pcapkit.foundation.engines.dpkt.DPKT`
+        * Scapy driver: :class:`pcapkit.foundation.engines.scapy.Scapy`
+        * PyShark driver: :class:`pcapkit.foundation.engines.pyshark.PyShark`
+
+        Warns:
+            pcapkit.utilities.warnings.EngineWarning: If the extraction engine is not
+                available. This is either due to dependency not installed, or supplied
+                engine unknown.
+
+        :rtype: None
+        """
+        if self._exnam in self.__engine__:  # check if engine is supported
+            eng = self.__engine__[self._exnam]
+            if isinstance(eng, ModuleDescriptor):
+                eng = eng.klass
+
+            if self.import_test(eng.module, name=eng.name) is not None:  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                self._exeng = eng(self)
+                self._exeng.run()
+
+                # start iteration
+                self.record_frames()
+                return
+
+            warn(f'engine {eng.name} (`{eng.module}`) is not installed; '
+                 'using default engine instead', EngineWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+            self._exnam = 'default'  # using default/pcapkit engine
+
+        if self._exnam not in ('default', 'pcapkit'):
+            warn(f'unsupported extraction engine: {self._exnam}; '
+                 'using default engine instead', EngineWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+            self._exnam = 'default'  # using default/pcapkit engine
+
+        if self._magic in PCAP_Engine.MAGIC_NUMBER:
+            self._exeng = cast('Engine[_P]', PCAP_Engine(self))
+        elif self._magic in PCAPNG_Engine.MAGIC_NUMBER:
+            self._exeng = cast('Engine[_P]', PCAPNG_Engine(self))
+        else:
+            raise FormatError(f'unknown file format: {self._magic!r}')
+
+        # start engine
+        self._exeng.run()
+
+        # start iteration
+        self.record_frames()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def import_test(engine: 'str', *, name: 'Optional[str]' = None) -> 'Optional[ModuleType]':
+        """Test import for extractcion engine.
+
+        Args:
+            engine: Extraction engine module name.
+            name: Extraction engine display name.
+
+        Warns:
+            pcapkit.utilities.warnings.EngineWarning: If the engine module is not installed.
+
+        Returns:
+            If succeeded, returns the module; otherwise, returns :data:`None`.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            module = importlib.import_module(engine)
+        except ImportError:
+            module = None
+            warn(f"extraction engine '{name or engine}' not available; "
+                 'using default engine instead', EngineWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+        return module
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_name(cls, fin: 'str | IO[bytes]' = 'in.pcap', fout: 'str' = 'out',
+                  fmt: 'Formats' = 'tree', extension: 'bool' = True, *, files: 'bool' = False,
+                  nofile: 'bool' = False) -> 'tuple[str, Optional[str], Formats, Optional[str], bool]':
+        """Generate input and output filenames.
+
+        The method will perform following processing:
+
+        1. sanitise ``fin`` as the input PCAP filename; ``in.pcap`` as default value and
+           append ``.pcap`` extension if needed and ``extension`` is :data:`True`; as well
+           as test if the file exists;
+        2. if ``nofile`` is :data:`True`, skips following processing;
+        3. if ``fmt`` provided, then it presumes corresponding output file extension;
+        4. if ``fout`` not provided, it presumes the output file name based on the presumptive
+           file extension; the stem of the output file name is set as ``out``; should the file
+           extension is not available, then it raises :exc:`~pcapkit.utilities.exceptions.FormatError`;
+        5. if ``fout`` provided, it presumes corresponding output format if needed; should the
+           presumption cannot be made, then it raises :exc:`~pcapkit.utilities.exceptions.FormatError`;
+        6. it will also append corresponding file extension to the output file name if needed
+           and ``extension`` is :data:`True`.
+
+        And the method returns the generated input and output filenames as follows:
+
+        0. input filename
+        1. output filename / directory name
+        2. output format
+        3. output file extension (without ``.``)
+        4. if split each frame into different files
+
+        Args:
+            fin: Input filename or a binary IO object.
+            fout: Output filename.
+            fmt: Output file format.
+            extension: If append ``.pcap`` file extension to the input filename
+                if ``fin`` does not have such file extension; if check and append extensions
+                to output file.
+            files: If split each frame into different files.
+            nofile: If no output file is to be dumped.
+
+        Returns:
+            Generated input and output filenames.
+
+        Raises:
+            FileNotFound: If input file does not exists.
+            FormatError: If output format not provided and cannot be presumpted.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(fin, str):
+            if extension:  # pylint: disable=else-if-used
+                ifnm = fin if os.path.splitext(fin)[1] in cls.PCAP_EXT else f'{fin}.pcap'
+            else:
+                ifnm = fin
+
+            if not os.path.isfile(ifnm):
+                raise FileNotFound(2, 'No such file or directory', ifnm)
+        else:
+            ifnm = fin.name
+
+        if nofile:
+            ofnm = None
+            ext = None
+        else:
+            ext = cls.__output__[fmt][1]
+            if ext is None:
+                raise FormatError(f'unknown output format: {fmt}')
+
+            if (parent := os.path.split(fout)[0]):
+                os.makedirs(parent, exist_ok=True)
+
+            if files:
+                ofnm = fout
+                os.makedirs(ofnm, exist_ok=True)
+            elif extension:
+                ofnm = fout if os.path.splitext(fout)[1] == ext else f'{fout}{ext}'
+            else:
+                ofnm = fout
+
+        return ifnm, ofnm, fmt, ext, files
+
+    def record_header(self) -> 'Engine':
+        """Read global header.
+
+        The method will parse the PCAP global header and save the parsed result
+        to its extraction context. Information such as PCAP version, data link
+        layer protocol type, nanosecond flag and byteorder will also be save
+        the current :class:`~pcapkit.foundation.engins.engine.Engine` instance
+        as well.
+
+        If TCP flow tracing is enabled, the nanosecond flag and byteorder will
+        be used for the output PCAP file of the traced TCP flows.
+
+        For output, the method will dump the parsed PCAP global header under
+        the name of ``Global Header``.
+
+        """
+        # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init,protected-access
+        if self._magic in PCAP_Engine.MAGIC_NUMBER:
+            engine = PCAP_Engine(self)
+            engine.run()
+
+            self._ifile.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            return engine  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        if self._magic in PCAPNG_Engine.MAGIC_NUMBER:
+            engine = PCAPNG_Engine(self)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            engine.run()
+
+            self._ifile.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+            return engine  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        raise FormatError(f'unknown file format: {self._magic!r}')
+
+    def record_frames(self) -> 'None':
+        """Read packet frames.
+
+        The method calls :meth:`self._exeng.read_frame <pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine.Engine.read_frame>`
+        to parse each frame from the input PCAP file; and
+        performs cleanup by calling :meth:`self._exeng.close <pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine.Engine.close>`
+        upon completion of the parsing process.
+
+        Notes:
+            Under non-auto mode, i.e. :attr:`self._flag_a <Extractor._flag_a>` is
+            :data:`False`, the method performs no action.
+
+        """
+        if self._flag_a:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._exeng.read_frame()
+                except (EOFError, StopIteration):
+                    warn('EOF reached', ExtractionWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+
+                    if self._flag_n:
+                        continue
+
+                    # quit when EOF
+                    break
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    self._cleanup()
+                    raise
+
+            self._cleanup()
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Data models.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 fin: 'Optional[str | IO[bytes]]' = None, fout: 'Optional[str]' = None, format: 'Optional[Formats]' = None,     # basic settings # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+                 auto: 'bool' = True, extension: 'bool' = True, store: 'bool' = True,                                           # internal settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 files: 'bool' = False, nofile: 'bool' = False, verbose: 'bool | VerboseHandler' = False,                       # output settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 engine: 'Optional[Engines]' = None, layer: 'Optional[Layers]' = None, protocol: 'Optional[Protocols]' = None,  # extraction settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 reassembly: 'bool' = False, reasm_strict: 'bool' = True, reasm_store: 'bool' = True,                           # reassembly settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 trace: 'bool' = False, trace_fout: 'Optional[str]' = None, trace_format: 'Optional[Formats]' = None,           # trace settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 trace_byteorder: 'Literal["big", "little"]' = sys.byteorder, trace_nanosecond: 'bool' = False,                 # trace settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 ip: 'bool' = False, ipv4: 'bool' = False, ipv6: 'bool' = False, tcp: 'bool' = False,                           # reassembly/trace settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 buffer_size: 'int' = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, buffer_save: 'bool' = False, buffer_path: 'Optional[str]' = None, # buffer settings # pylint: disable=line-too-long
+                 no_eof: 'bool' = False) -> 'None':
+        """Initialise PCAP Reader.
+
+        Args:
+            fin: file name to be read or a binary IO object;
+                if file not exist, raise :exc:`FileNotFound`
+            fout: file name to be written
+            format: file format of output
+
+            auto: if automatically run till EOF
+            extension: if check and append extensions to output file
+            store: if store extracted packet info
+
+            files: if split each frame into different files
+            nofile: if no output file is to be dumped
+            verbose: a :obj:`bool` value or a function takes the :class:`Extractor`
+                instance and current parsed frame (depends on engine selected) as
+                parameters to print verbose output information
+
+            engine: extraction engine to be used
+            layer: extract til which layer
+            protocol: extract til which protocol
+
+            reassembly: if perform reassembly
+            reasm_strict: if set strict flag for reassembly
+            reasm_store: if store reassembled datagrams
+
+            trace: if trace TCP traffic flows
+            trace_fout: path name for flow tracer if necessary
+            trace_format: output file format of flow tracer
+            trace_byteorder: output file byte order
+            trace_nanosecond: output nanosecond-resolution file flag
+
+            ip: if record data for IPv4 & IPv6 reassembly (must be used with ``reassembly=True``)
+            ipv4: if perform IPv4 reassembly (must be used with ``reassembly=True``)
+            ipv6: if perform IPv6 reassembly (must be used with ``reassembly=True``)
+            tcp: if perform TCP reassembly and/or flow tracing
+                (must be used with ``reassembly=True`` or ``trace=True``)
+
+            buffer_size: buffer size for reading input file (for :class:`~pcapkit.corekit.io.SeekableReader` only)
+            buffer_save: if save buffer to file (for :class:`~pcapkit.corekit.io.SeekableReader` only)
+            buffer_path: path name for buffer file if necessary (for :class:`~pcapkit.corekit.io.SeekableReader` only)
+
+            no_eof: if raise :exc:`EOFError` when EOF
+
+        Warns:
+            pcapkit.utilities.warnings.FormatWarning: Warns under following circumstances:
+
+                * If using PCAP output for TCP flow tracing while the extraction engine is PyShark.
+                * If output file format is not supported.
+
+        """
+        if fin is None:
+            fin = 'in.pcap'
+        if fout is None:
+            fout = 'out'
+        if format is None:
+            format = 'tree'
+
+        ifnm, ofnm, fmt, oext, files = self.make_name(fin, fout, format, extension, files=files, nofile=nofile)
+
+        self._ifnm = ifnm  # input file name
+        self._ofnm = ofnm  # output file name
+        self._fext = oext  # output file extension
+
+        self._flag_a = auto                  # auto extract flag
+        self._flag_d = store                 # store data flag
+        self._flag_e = False                 # EOF flag
+        self._flag_f = files                 # split file flag
+        self._flag_q = nofile                # no output flag
+        self._flag_r = reassembly            # reassembly flag
+        self._flag_t = trace                 # trace flag
+        self._flag_v = False                 # verbose flag
+        self._flag_s = isinstance(fin, str)  # input filename flag
+        self._flag_n = no_eof                # no EOF flag
+
+        # verbose callback function
+        if isinstance(verbose, bool):
+            self._flag_v = verbose
+            if verbose:
+                self._vfunc = lambda e, f: print(
+                    f'Frame {e._frnum:>3d}: {f.protochain}'  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                )  # pylint: disable=logging-fstring-interpolation
+            else:
+                self._vfunc = lambda e, f: None
+        else:
+            self._flag_v = True
+            self._vfunc = verbose
+
+        self._frnum = 0   # frame number
+        self._frame = []  # frame record
+
+        self._ipv4 = ipv4 or ip  # IPv4 Reassembly
+        self._ipv6 = ipv6 or ip  # IPv6 Reassembly
+        self._tcp = tcp          # TCP Reassembly
+
+        self._exptl = protocol or 'null'                              # extract til protocol
+        self._exlyr = cast('Layers', (layer or 'none').lower())       # extract til layer
+        self._exnam = cast('Engines', (engine or 'default').lower())  # extract using engine
+
+        if reassembly:
+            reasm_obj_ipv4 = reasm_obj_ipv6 = reasm_obj_tcp = None
+
+            if self._ipv4:
+                logger.info('IPv4 reassembly enabled')
+
+                reasm_cls_ipv4 = self.__reassembly__['ipv4']
+                if isinstance(reasm_cls_ipv4, ModuleDescriptor):
+                    reasm_cls_ipv4 = reasm_cls_ipv4.klass
+                    self.__reassembly__['ipv4'] = reasm_cls_ipv4  # update mapping upon import
+                reasm_obj_ipv4 = cast('IPv4_Reassembly', reasm_cls_ipv4(strict=reasm_strict, store=reasm_store))
+            if self._ipv6:
+                logger.info('IPv6 reassembly enabled')
+
+                reasm_cls_ipv6 = self.__reassembly__['ipv6']
+                if isinstance(reasm_cls_ipv6, ModuleDescriptor):
+                    reasm_cls_ipv6 = reasm_cls_ipv6.klass
+                    self.__reassembly__['ipv6'] = reasm_cls_ipv6  # update mapping upon import
+                reasm_obj_ipv6 = cast('IPv6_Reassembly', reasm_cls_ipv6(strict=reasm_strict, store=reasm_store))
+            if self._tcp:
+                logger.info('TCP reassembly enabled')
+
+                reasm_cls_tcp = self.__reassembly__['tcp']
+                if isinstance(reasm_cls_tcp, ModuleDescriptor):
+                    reasm_cls_tcp = reasm_cls_tcp.klass
+                    self.__reassembly__['tcp'] = reasm_cls_tcp  # update mapping upon import
+                reasm_obj_tcp = cast('TCP_Reassembly', reasm_cls_tcp(strict=reasm_strict, store=reasm_store))
+
+            self._reasm = ReassemblyManager(
+                ipv4=reasm_obj_ipv4,
+                ipv6=reasm_obj_ipv6,
+                tcp=reasm_obj_tcp,
+            )
+
+        if trace:
+            trace_obj_tcp = None
+
+            if self._exnam in ('pyshark',) and trace_format in ('pcap',):
+                warn(f"'Extractor(engine={self._exnam})' does not support 'trace_format={trace_format}'; "
+                     "using 'trace_format=None' instead", FormatWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+                trace_format = None
+
+            if self._tcp:
+                logger.info('TCP flow tracing enabled')
+
+                trace_cls_tcp = self.__traceflow__['tcp']
+                if isinstance(trace_cls_tcp, ModuleDescriptor):
+                    trace_cls_tcp = trace_cls_tcp.klass
+                    self.__traceflow__['tcp'] = trace_cls_tcp  # update mapping upon import
+                trace_obj_tcp = cast('TCP_TraceFlow', trace_cls_tcp(fout=trace_fout, format=trace_format,
+                                                                    byteorder=trace_byteorder, nanosecond=trace_nanosecond))
+
+            self._trace = TraceFlowManager(
+                tcp=trace_obj_tcp,
+            )
+
+        if self._flag_s:
+            self._ifile = open(ifnm, 'rb')  # input file # pylint: disable=unspecified-encoding,consider-using-with
+        else:
+            self._ifile = cast('BufferedReader', fin)
+
+        if not self._ifile.seekable():
+            self._ifile = SeekableReader(self._ifile, buffer_size, buffer_save, buffer_path,
+                                         stream_closing=not self._flag_s)
+
+        if not self._flag_q:
+            output, ext = self.__output__[fmt]
+            if ext is None:
+                warn(f'Unsupported output format: {fmt}; disabled file output feature',
+                     FormatWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+            if isinstance(output, ModuleDescriptor):
+                output = output.klass
+                self.__output__[fmt] = (output, ext)  # update mapping upon import
+            dumper = make_dumper(output)
+
+            self._ofile = dumper if self._flag_f else dumper(ofnm)  # output file
+
+        # NOTE: we use peek() to read the magic number, as the file pointer
+        # will not be moved after reading; however, the returned bytes object
+        # may not be exactly 4 bytes, so we use [:4] to get the first 4 bytes
+        self._magic = self._ifile.peek(4)[:4]
+        #self._magic = self._ifile.read(4)  # magic number
+        #self._ifile.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+
+        self.run()    # start extraction
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> 'Extractor':
+        """Iterate and parse PCAP frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            IterableError: If :attr:`self._flag_a <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_a>`
+                is :data:`True`, as such operation is not applicable.
+
+        """
+        if not self._flag_a:
+            return self
+        raise IterableError("'Extractor(auto=True)' object is not iterable")
+
+    def __next__(self) -> '_P':
+        """Iterate and parse next PCAP frame.
+
+        It will call :meth:`self._exeng.read_frame <pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine.Engine.read_frame>`
+        to parse next PCAP frame internally, until the EOF reached;
+        then it calls :meth:`self._cleanup <_cleanup>` for the aftermath.
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return self._exeng.read_frame()
+            except (EOFError, StopIteration) as error:
+                warn('EOF reached', ExtractionWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+
+                if self._flag_n:
+                    continue
+
+                self._cleanup()
+                raise StopIteration from error  # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                self._cleanup()
+                raise
+
+    def __call__(self) -> '_P':
+        """Works as a simple wrapper for the iteration protocol.
+
+        Raises:
+            IterableError: If :attr:`self._flag_a <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_a>`
+                is :data:`True`, as iteration is not applicable.
+
+        """
+        if not self._flag_a:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    return self._exeng.read_frame()
+                except (EOFError, StopIteration):
+                    warn('EOF reached', ExtractionWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel())
+
+                    if self._flag_n:
+                        continue
+
+                    self._cleanup()
+                    raise
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    self._cleanup()
+                    raise
+        raise CallableError("'Extractor(auto=True)' object is not callable")
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> 'Extractor':
+        """Uses :class:`Extractor` as a context manager."""
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: 'Type[BaseException] | None', exc_value: 'BaseException | None',
+                 traceback: 'TracebackType | None') -> 'None':  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """Close the input file when exits."""
+        self._ifile.close()
+        self._exeng.close()
+
+    ##########################################################################
+    # Utilities.
+    ##########################################################################
+
+    def _cleanup(self) -> 'None':
+        """Cleanup after extraction & analysis.
+
+        The method calls :meth:`self._exeng.close <pcapkit.foundation.engines.engine.Engine.close>`,
+        sets :attr:`self._flag_e <pcapkit.foundation.extraction.Extractor._flag_e>`
+        as :data:`True` and closes the input file (if necessary).
+
+        """
+        # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
+        self._flag_e = True
+        if isinstance(self._ifile, SeekableReader):
+            self._ifile.close()
+        elif not self._flag_s:
+            self._ifile.close()
+        self._exeng.close()