pyglet 2.1.12__py3-none-any.whl → 3.0.dev1__py3-none-any.whl

pyglet/graphics/api/gl/vertexdomain.py

@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+"""Manage related vertex attributes within a single vertex domain.
+
+A vertex "domain" consists of a set of attribute descriptions that together
+describe the layout of one or more vertex buffers which are used together to
+specify the vertices in a primitive.  Additionally, the domain manages the
+buffers used to store the data and will resize them as necessary to accommodate
+new vertices.
+
+Domains can optionally be indexed, in which case they also manage a buffer
+containing vertex indices.  This buffer is grown separately and has no size
+relation to the attribute buffers.
+
+Applications can create vertices (and optionally, indices) within a domain
+with the :py:meth:`VertexDomain.create` method.  This returns a
+:py:class:`VertexList` representing the list of vertices created.  The vertex
+attribute data within the group can be modified, and the changes will be made
+to the underlying buffers automatically.
+
+The entire domain can be efficiently drawn in one step with the
+:py:meth:`VertexDomain.draw` method, assuming all the vertices comprise
+primitives of the same OpenGL primitive mode.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ctypes
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Sequence
+
+
+from pyglet.graphics.api.gl import (
+    GL_BYTE,
+    GL_DOUBLE,
+    GL_FLOAT,
+    GL_INT,
+    GL_SHORT,
+    GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+    GL_UNSIGNED_INT,
+    GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT,
+    GLint,
+    GLintptr,
+    GLsizei,
+    GLvoid,
+    vertexarray, OpenGLSurfaceContext,
+)
+from pyglet.graphics.api.gl.buffer import AttributeBufferObject, IndexedBufferObject
+from pyglet.graphics.api.gl.enums import geometry_map
+from pyglet.graphics.api.gl.shader import GLAttribute
+from pyglet.graphics.instance import InstanceBucket, BaseInstanceDomain, VertexInstanceBase
+from pyglet.graphics.vertexdomain import (
+    VertexStream,
+    VertexArrayBinding,
+    VertexArrayProtocol,
+    InstanceStream,
+    IndexStream,
+    _RunningIndexSupport,
+    VertexGroupBucket,
+    VertexDomainBase,
+    IndexedVertexDomainBase,
+    VertexListBase,
+    IndexedVertexListBase,
+    InstancedVertexDomainBase,
+    InstancedIndexedVertexDomainBase,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ctypes import Array
+    from pyglet.graphics.shader import AttributeView
+    from pyglet.graphics import GeometryMode, Group
+    from pyglet.graphics.shader import Attribute
+    from pyglet.customtypes import CType, DataTypes
+
+_c_types = {
+    GL_BYTE: ctypes.c_byte,
+    GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE: ctypes.c_ubyte,
+    GL_SHORT: ctypes.c_short,
+    GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT: ctypes.c_ushort,
+    GL_INT: ctypes.c_int,
+    GL_UNSIGNED_INT: ctypes.c_uint,
+    GL_FLOAT: ctypes.c_float,
+    GL_DOUBLE: ctypes.c_double,
+}
+
+_gl_types = {
+    'b': GL_BYTE,
+    'B': GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+    'h': GL_SHORT,
+    'H': GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT,
+    'i': GL_INT,
+    'I': GL_UNSIGNED_INT,
+    'f': GL_FLOAT,
+    'd': GL_DOUBLE,
+}
+
+
+def _make_attribute_property(name: str) -> property:
+    def _attribute_getter(self: VertexList) -> Array[float | int]:
+        buffer = self.domain.attrib_name_buffers[name]
+        region = buffer.get_region(self.start, self.count)
+        buffer.invalidate_region(self.start, self.count)
+        return region
+
+    def _attribute_setter(self: VertexList, data: Any) -> None:
+        buffer = self.domain.attrib_name_buffers[name]
+        buffer.set_region(self.start, self.count, data)
+
+    return property(_attribute_getter, _attribute_setter)
+
+class _GLVertexStreamMix(VertexStream):
+    _ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_size: int, attrs: Sequence[Attribute], *, divisor: int = 0):
+        super().__init__(ctx, initial_size, attrs, divisor=divisor)
+
+    def get_graphics_attribute(self, attribute: Attribute, view: AttributeView) -> GLAttribute:
+        return GLAttribute(attribute, view)
+
+    def get_buffer(self, size: int, attribute) -> AttributeBufferObject:
+        # TODO: use persistent buffer if we have GL support for it:
+        # attribute.buffer = PersistentBufferObject(attribute.stride * self.allocator.capacity, attribute, self.vao)
+        return AttributeBufferObject(self._ctx, size, attribute)
+
+    def bind_into(self, vao) -> None:
+        for attribute, buffer in zip(self.attribute_names.values(), self.buffers):
+            buffer.bind()
+            attribute.enable()
+            attribute.set_pointer()
+            attribute.set_divisor()
+
+class GLVertexStream(_GLVertexStreamMix, VertexStream):  # noqa: D101
+    def __init__(self, ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_size: int, attrs: Sequence[Attribute]) -> None:
+        """Contains data for vertex stream.
+
+        Args:
+            ctx:
+                The core context that owns this stream.
+            initial_size:
+                Initial buffer size.
+            attrs:
+                Attributes that will be used.
+        """
+        super().__init__(ctx, initial_size, attrs)
+
+class GLInstanceStream(_GLVertexStreamMix, InstanceStream):  # noqa: D101
+    _ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_size: int, attrs: Sequence[Attribute],  # noqa: D107
+                 *, divisor: int = 0) -> None:
+        super().__init__(ctx, initial_size, attrs, divisor=divisor)
+
+class GLVertexArrayBinding(VertexArrayBinding):  # noqa: D101
+
+    def _create_vao(self) -> VertexArrayProtocol:
+        return vertexarray.VertexArray(self._ctx)
+
+    def _link(self) -> None:
+        self.vao.bind()
+        for stream in self.streams:
+            stream.bind_into(self.vao)
+        self.vao.unbind()
+
+    def bind(self) -> None:
+        self.vao.bind()
+
+    def unbind(self) -> None:
+        self.vao.unbind()
+
+
+class VertexList(VertexListBase):
+    """A list of vertices within a :py:class:`VertexDomain`.
+
+    Use :py:meth:`VertexDomain.create` to construct this list.
+    """
+    count: int
+    start: int
+    domain: VertexDomain
+    indexed: bool = False
+    instanced: bool = False
+    initial_attribs: dict
+
+    bucket: VertexGroupBucket | None
+
+    def __init__(self, domain: VertexDomain, group: Group, start: int, count: int) -> None:  # noqa: D107
+        super().__init__(domain, group, start, count)
+
+
+
+class InstanceVertexList(VertexList):
+    """A list of vertices within an :py:class:`InstancedVertexDomain` that are not indexed."""
+    instanced: bool = True
+
+    def __init__(self, domain: VertexDomain, group: Group, start: int, count: int, bucket: InstanceBucket) -> None:  # noqa: D107
+        super().__init__(domain, group, start, count)
+        self.instance_bucket = bucket
+        self.instance_bucket.create_instance()
+
+    def create_instance(self, **attributes: Any) -> VertexInstanceBase:
+        return self.instance_bucket.create_instance(**attributes)
+
+    def set_attribute_data(self, name: str, data: Any) -> None:
+        if self.initial_attribs[name].fmt.is_instanced:
+            stream = self.instance_bucket.stream
+            count = 1
+            start = 0
+        else:
+            stream = self.domain.attrib_name_buffers[name]
+            count = self.count
+            start = self.start
+        buffer = stream.attrib_name_buffers[name]
+
+        array_start = buffer.element_count * start
+        array_end = buffer.element_count * count + array_start
+        try:
+            buffer.data[array_start:array_end] = data
+            buffer.invalidate_region(start, count)
+        except ValueError:
+            msg = f"Invalid data size for '{buffer}'. Expected {array_end - array_start}, got {len(data)}."
+            raise ValueError(msg) from None
+
+
+
+class IndexedVertexList(IndexedVertexListBase):
+    """A list of vertices within an :py:class:`IndexedVertexDomain` that are indexed.
+
+    Use :py:meth:`IndexedVertexDomain.create` to construct this list.
+    """
+    domain: IndexedVertexDomain | InstancedIndexedVertexDomain
+    indexed: bool = True
+
+    index_count: int
+    index_start: int
+
+    def __init__(self, domain: IndexedVertexDomain, group: Group, start: int, count: int, index_start: int,  # noqa: D107
+                 index_count: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(domain, group, start, count, index_start, index_count)
+
+
+class InstanceIndexedVertexList(VertexList):
+    """A list of vertices within an :py:class:`IndexedVertexDomain` that are indexed.
+
+    Use :py:meth:`IndexedVertexDomain.create` to construct this list.
+    """
+    domain: IndexedVertexDomain | InstancedIndexedVertexDomain
+    indexed: bool = True
+    instanced: bool = True
+
+    index_count: int
+    index_start: int
+
+    instance_bucket: InstanceBucket
+
+    def __init__(self, domain: IndexedVertexDomain, group: Group, start: int, count: int,
+                 index_start: int, index_count: int, index_type: DataTypes, base_vertex: int,
+                 instance_bucket: InstanceBucket) -> None:
+        self.index_start = index_start
+        self.index_count = index_count
+        self.index_type = index_type
+        self.base_vertex = base_vertex
+        self.instance_bucket = instance_bucket
+        self.instance_bucket.create_instance()
+        self.start_base_vertex = start if self.supports_base_vertex else 0
+        super().__init__(domain, group, start, count)
+
+    def delete(self) -> None:
+        """Delete this group."""
+        raise Exception
+        super().delete()
+        self.domain.index_allocator.dealloc(self.index_start, self.index_count)
+
+    def migrate(self, domain: InstancedIndexedVertexDomain) -> None:
+        old_domain = self.domain
+
+        # Moved vertex data here.
+        super().migrate(domain)
+
+        # Remove from bucket and enter into new bucket.
+        new_bucket = domain.instance_domain.get_elements_bucket(mode=0,
+                                                    first_index=self.index_start,
+                                                   index_count=self.index_count,
+                                                   index_type="I")
+
+        # Move instance data.
+        old_domain.instance_domain.move_all(self.instance_bucket, new_bucket)
+
+    def create_instance(self, **attributes: Any) -> None:
+        return self.instance_bucket.create_instance(**attributes)
+
+    def set_attribute_data(self, name: str, data: Any) -> None:
+        if self.initial_attribs[name].fmt.is_instanced:
+            stream = self.instance_bucket.stream
+            count = 1
+            start = 0
+        else:
+            stream = self.domain.attrib_name_buffers[name]
+            count = self.count
+            start = self.start
+        buffer = stream.attrib_name_buffers[name]
+
+        array_start = buffer.element_count * start
+        array_end = buffer.element_count * count + array_start
+        try:
+            buffer.data[array_start:array_end] = data
+            buffer.invalidate_region(start, count)
+        except ValueError:
+            msg = f"Invalid data size for '{buffer}'. Expected {array_end - array_start}, got {len(data)}."
+            raise ValueError(msg) from None
+
+    def dealloc_from_group(self, vertex_list):
+        """Removes a vertex list from a specific state in this domain."""
+        vertex_list.bucket.remove_vertex_list(vertex_list)
+
+class VertexDomain(VertexDomainBase):
+    """Management of a set of vertex lists.
+
+    Construction of a vertex domain is usually done with the
+    :py:func:`create_domain` function.
+    """
+    _vertex_buckets: dict[Group, VertexGroupBucket]
+    streams: list[GLVertexStream | GLInstanceStream | GLIndexStream]
+    per_instance: list[Attribute]
+    per_vertex: list[Attribute]
+
+    attribute_meta: dict[str, Attribute]
+    buffer_attributes: list[tuple[AttributeBufferObject, Attribute]]
+    vao: GLVertexArrayBinding
+    attribute_names: dict[str, Attribute]
+    attrib_name_buffers: dict[str, GLVertexStream]
+    _vertexlist_class: type
+
+    _vertex_class: type[VertexList] = VertexList
+
+    def __init__(self, context: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_count: int, attribute_meta: dict[str, Attribute]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(context, initial_count, attribute_meta)
+
+    def _has_multi_draw_extension(self, ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext) -> bool:
+        return ctx.get_info().have_extension("GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays")
+
+    def draw_bucket(self, mode: int, bucket) -> None:
+        bucket.draw(self, mode)
+
+    def draw_buckets(self, mode: int, buckets: list[VertexGroupBucket]) -> None:
+        regions = []
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            regions.extend(bucket.merged_ranges)
+
+        start_list = [region[0] for region in regions]
+        size_list = [region[1] for region in regions]
+        primcount = len(regions)
+        if self._supports_multi_draw:
+            starts = (GLint * primcount)(*start_list)
+            sizes = (GLsizei * primcount)(*size_list)
+            self._context.glMultiDrawArrays(mode, starts, sizes, primcount)
+        else:
+            for start, size in zip(start_list, size_list):
+                self._context.glDrawArrays(mode, start, size)
+
+
+    def _create_vertex_class(self) -> type:
+        return type(self._vertex_class.__name__, (self._vertex_class,), self.vertex_buffers._property_dict)
+
+    def _create_vao(self) -> VertexArrayBinding:
+        return GLVertexArrayBinding(self._context, self._streams)
+
+    def _create_streams(self, size: int) -> list[VertexStream | IndexStream | InstanceStream]:
+        self.vertex_buffers = GLVertexStream(self._context, size, self.per_vertex)
+        return [self.vertex_buffers]
+
+    def draw_range(self, mode: int, start: int, count: int) -> None:
+        """Draw a range of vertices.
+
+        Args:
+        """
+        self._context.glDrawArrays(mode, start, count)
+
+    def draw(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        """Draw all vertices in the domain.
+
+        All vertices in the domain are drawn at once. This is the
+        most efficient way to render primitives.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+
+        """
+        self.vao.bind()
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+
+        starts, sizes = self.vertex_buffers.allocator.get_allocated_regions()
+        primcount = len(starts)
+        if primcount == 0:
+            pass
+        elif primcount == 1:
+            # Common case
+            self._context.glDrawArrays(mode, starts[0], sizes[0])
+        else:
+            starts = (GLint * primcount)(*starts)
+            sizes = (GLsizei * primcount)(*sizes)
+            self._context.glMultiDrawArrays(mode, starts, sizes, primcount)
+
+    def draw_subset(self, mode: GeometryMode, vertex_list: VertexList) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific VertexList in the domain.
+
+        The `vertex_list` parameter specifies a :py:class:`VertexList`
+        to draw. Only primitives in that list will be drawn.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+            vertex_list:
+                Vertex list to draw.
+
+        """
+        self.vao.bind()
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self._context.glDrawArrays(geometry_map[mode], vertex_list.start, vertex_list.count)
+
+
+class GLInstanceDomainArrays(BaseInstanceDomain):
+    def __init__(self, domain: Any, initial_instances: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(domain, initial_instances)
+        self._ctx = domain._context
+
+    def _create_bucket_arrays(self) -> InstanceBucket:
+        istream = GLInstanceStream(self._ctx, self._initial, self._domain.per_instance, divisor=1)
+        vao = GLVertexArrayBinding(self._ctx, [self._domain.vertex_buffers, istream])
+        return InstanceBucket(istream, vao)
+
+    def _create_bucket_elements(self) -> InstanceBucket:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Use GLInstanceDomainElements for indexed draws")
+
+    def draw(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        for key, bucket in self._buckets.items():
+            if bucket.instance_count <= 0:
+                continue
+            first_vertex, vertex_count = self._geom[bucket]
+            bucket.vao.bind()
+            bucket.stream.commit()
+            self._ctx.glDrawArraysInstanced(mode, first_vertex, vertex_count, bucket.instance_count)
+
+    def draw_subset(self, mode: int, vertex_list: InstanceVertexList):
+        """Draw a specific VertexList in the domain."""
+        bucket = vertex_list.bucket
+        bucket.vao.bind()
+        bucket.stream.commit()
+        self._ctx.glDrawArraysInstanced(mode, vertex_list.start, vertex_list.count, bucket.instance_count)
+
+class GLInstanceDomainElements(BaseInstanceDomain):
+    _ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext
+
+    def __init__(self, domain: Any, initial_instances: int, index_stream: GLIndexStream) -> None:
+        super().__init__(domain, initial_instances)
+        self._ctx = domain._context
+        self._index_stream = index_stream
+        self._index_gl_type = self._index_stream.gl_type
+        self._elem_size = index_stream.index_element_size
+
+    def _create_bucket_elements(self) -> InstanceBucket:
+        istream = GLInstanceStream(self._ctx, self._initial, self._domain.per_instance, divisor=1)
+        vao = GLVertexArrayBinding(self._ctx, [self._domain.vertex_buffers, istream, self._index_stream])
+        return InstanceBucket(istream, vao)
+
+    def _create_bucket_arrays(self) -> InstanceBucket:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Use GLInstanceDomainArrays for non-indexed draws")
+
+    def draw_subset(self, mode: GeometryMode, vertex_list: InstanceIndexedVertexList) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific VertexList in the domain."""
+        byte_offset = vertex_list.index_start * self._elem_size
+        if vertex_list.start:
+            self._ctx.glDrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(
+                mode,
+                vertex_list.index_count,
+                self._index_gl_type,
+                byte_offset,
+                vertex_list.bucket.instance_count,
+                vertex_list.start,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._ctx.glDrawElementsInstanced(
+                mode,
+                vertex_list.index_count,
+                self._index_gl_type,
+                byte_offset,
+                vertex_list.bucket.instance_count,
+            )
+
+    def draw_bucket(self, mode: int, bucket: InstanceBucket) -> None:
+        if bucket.instance_count <= 0:
+            return
+        first_index, index_count, _, base_vertex = self._geom[bucket]
+        byte_offset = first_index * self._elem_size
+        bucket.vao.bind()
+        bucket.stream.commit()
+        if base_vertex:
+            self._ctx.glDrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(
+                mode, index_count, self._index_gl_type, byte_offset,
+                bucket.instance_count, base_vertex,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._ctx.glDrawElementsInstanced(
+                mode, index_count, self._index_gl_type, byte_offset,
+                bucket.instance_count,
+            )
+
+    def draw(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        for key, bucket in self._buckets.items():
+            if bucket.instance_count <= 0:
+                continue
+            first_index, index_count, _, base_vertex = self._geom[bucket]
+            byte_offset = first_index * self._elem_size
+            bucket.vao.bind()
+            bucket.stream.commit()
+            if base_vertex:
+                self._ctx.glDrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(
+                    mode, index_count, self._index_gl_type, byte_offset,
+                    bucket.instance_count, base_vertex,
+                )
+            else:
+                self._ctx.glDrawElementsInstanced(
+                    mode, index_count, self._index_gl_type, byte_offset,
+                    bucket.instance_count,
+                )
+
+class InstancedVertexDomain(InstancedVertexDomainBase, VertexDomain):  # noqa: D101
+    _instances: int
+    _instance_properties: dict[str, property]
+    _vertexinstance_class: type
+    _vertex_class = InstanceVertexList
+
+    def __init__(self, context: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_count: int,  # noqa: D107
+                 attribute_meta: dict[str, Attribute]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(context, initial_count, attribute_meta)
+
+    def create_instance_domain(self, size: int) -> GLInstanceDomainArrays:
+        return GLInstanceDomainArrays(self, size)
+
+    def draw_buckets(self, mode: int, buckets: list[VertexGroupBucket]) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific VertexGroupBucket in the domain."""
+        self.instance_domain.draw(mode)
+
+    def draw(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        """Draw all vertices in the domain.
+
+        All vertices in the domain are drawn at once. This is the
+        most efficient way to render primitives.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+
+        """
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self.instance_domain.draw(mode)
+
+    def draw_subset(self, mode: GeometryMode, vertex_list: InstanceVertexList) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific VertexList in the domain.
+
+        The `vertex_list` parameter specifies a :py:class:`VertexList`
+        to draw. Only primitives in that list will be drawn.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+            vertex_list:
+                Vertex list to draw.
+        """
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self.instance_domain.draw_subset(geometry_map[mode], vertex_list)
+
+class GLIndexStream(IndexStream):  # noqa: D101
+    index_element_size: int
+    index_c_type: CType
+    gl_type: int
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext, data_type: DataTypes, initial_elems: int) -> None:  # noqa: D107
+        self.gl_type = _gl_types[data_type]
+        self.index_c_type = _c_types[self.gl_type]
+        self.index_element_size = ctypes.sizeof(self.index_c_type)
+        super().__init__(ctx, data_type, initial_elems)
+
+    def _create_buffer(self) -> IndexedBufferObject:
+        return IndexedBufferObject(
+            self.ctx, self.allocator.capacity * self.index_element_size, self.index_c_type, self.index_element_size, 1,
+        )
+
+    def bind_into(self, vao: VertexArrayBinding) -> None:
+        self.buffer.bind_to_index_buffer()
+
+class IndexedVertexDomain(IndexedVertexDomainBase):
+    """Management of a set of indexed vertex lists.
+
+    Construction of an indexed vertex domain is usually done with the
+    :py:func:`create_domain` function.
+    """
+    vertex_buffers: GLVertexStream
+    index_stream: GLIndexStream
+    _vertex_class = IndexedVertexList
+    _supports_base_vertex: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, context: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_count: int, attribute_meta: dict[str, Attribute],  # noqa: D107
+                 index_type: DataTypes = "I") -> None:
+        self.index_type = index_type
+        #self._supports_base_vertex = False
+        self._supports_base_vertex = context.get_info().have_extension("GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex")
+        super().__init__(context, initial_count, attribute_meta)
+
+    def _has_multi_draw_extension(self, ctx: OpenGLSurfaceContext) -> bool:
+        return ctx.get_info().have_extension("GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays")
+
+    def _create_vertex_class(self) -> type:
+        # Make a custom VertexList class w/ properties for each attribute in the ShaderProgram:
+        return type(self._vertex_class.__name__, (_RunningIndexSupport, self._vertex_class),
+                                      self.vertex_buffers._property_dict)  # noqa: SLF001
+
+    def _create_streams(self, size: int) -> list[VertexStream | IndexStream | InstanceStream]:
+        self.vertex_buffers = GLVertexStream(self._context, size, self.per_vertex)
+        self.index_stream = GLIndexStream(self._context, self.index_type, size)
+        return [self.vertex_buffers, self.index_stream]
+
+    def _create_vao(self) -> VertexArrayBinding:
+        return GLVertexArrayBinding(self._context, self._streams)
+
+    def draw_range(self, mode: int, start: int, count: int) -> None:
+        """Draw a range of vertices."""
+        self._context.glDrawElements(
+            mode, count, self.index_stream.gl_type, start * self.index_stream.index_element_size,
+        )
+
+    def draw_buckets(self, mode: int, buckets: list[VertexGroupBucket]) -> None:
+        regions = []
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            regions.extend(bucket.merged_ranges)
+
+        start_list = [region[0] for region in regions]
+        size_list = [region[1] for region in regions]
+        primcount = len(regions)
+
+        if self._supports_multi_draw:
+            starts = [s * self.index_stream.index_element_size for s in start_list]
+            starts = (ctypes.POINTER(GLvoid) * primcount)(*(GLintptr * primcount)(*starts))
+            sizes = (GLsizei * primcount)(*size_list)
+            self._context.glMultiDrawElements(mode, sizes, self.index_stream.gl_type, starts, primcount)
+        else:
+            for start, size in zip(start_list, size_list):
+                self._context.glDrawElements(mode, size, self.index_stream.gl_type,
+                                             start * self.index_stream.index_element_size)
+
+    def draw(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        """Draw all vertices in the domain.
+
+        All vertices in the domain are drawn at once. This is the most efficient way to render primitives.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+
+        """
+        self.vao.bind()
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self.index_stream.buffer.commit()
+
+        starts, sizes = self.index_stream.allocator.get_allocated_regions()
+        primcount = len(starts)
+        if primcount == 0:
+            pass
+        elif primcount == 1:
+            # Common case
+            self._context.glDrawElements(mode, sizes[0], self.index_stream.gl_type,
+                           starts[0] * self.index_stream.index_element_size)
+        else:
+            starts = [s * self.index_stream.index_element_size for s in starts]
+            starts = (ctypes.POINTER(GLvoid) * primcount)(*(GLintptr * primcount)(*starts))
+            sizes = (GLsizei * primcount)(*sizes)
+            self._context.glMultiDrawElements(mode, sizes, self.index_stream.gl_type, starts, primcount)
+
+    def draw_subset(self, mode: GeometryMode, vertex_list: IndexedVertexList) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific IndexedVertexList in the domain.
+
+        The `vertex_list` parameter specifies a :py:class:`IndexedVertexList`
+        to draw. Only primitives in that list will be drawn.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+            vertex_list:
+                Vertex list to draw.
+        """
+        self.vao.bind()
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self.index_stream.buffer.commit()
+
+        self._context.glDrawElements(
+            geometry_map[mode],
+            vertex_list.index_count,
+            self.index_stream.gl_type,
+            vertex_list.index_start * self.index_stream.index_element_size,
+        )
+
+
+class InstancedIndexedVertexDomain(InstancedIndexedVertexDomainBase, IndexedVertexDomain):
+    """Management of a set of indexed vertex lists.
+
+    Construction of an indexed vertex domain is usually done with the
+    :py:func:`create_domain` function.
+    """
+    _initial_index_count: int = 16
+    _vertex_class = InstanceIndexedVertexList
+
+    def __init__(self, context: OpenGLSurfaceContext, initial_count: int, attribute_meta: dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
+                 index_type: DataTypes = "I") -> None:
+        super().__init__(context, initial_count, attribute_meta, index_type)
+        self._instance_map = {}
+
+    def create_instance_domain(self, size: int) -> GLInstanceDomainElements:
+        return GLInstanceDomainElements(self, size, index_stream=self.index_stream)
+
+    def draw_buckets(self, mode: int, buckets: list[VertexGroupBucket]) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific VertexGroupBucket in the domain."""
+        for bucket in buckets:
+            for vl_range in bucket.ranges:
+                self.instance_domain.draw_bucket(mode, self._instance_map[vl_range])
+
+    def draw(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        """Draw all vertices in the domain.
+
+        All vertices in the domain are drawn at once. This is the
+        most efficient way to render primitives.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+
+        """
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self.index_stream.commit()
+        self.instance_domain.draw(mode)
+
+    def draw_subset(self, mode: GeometryMode, vertex_list: InstanceIndexedVertexList) -> None:
+        """Draw a specific IndexedVertexList in the domain.
+
+        The ``vertex_list`` parameter specifies a :py:class:`IndexedVertexList`
+        to draw. Only primitives in that list will be drawn.
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                OpenGL drawing mode, e.g. ``GL_POINTS``, ``GL_LINES``, etc.
+            vertex_list:
+                Vertex list to draw.
+
+        """
+        self.vertex_buffers.commit()
+        self.index_stream.commit()
+        self.instance_domain.draw_subset(geometry_map[mode], vertex_list)