py2docfx 0.1.11.dev1869610__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.11.dev1872322__py3-none-any.whl

py2docfx/venv/template/Lib/site-packages/babel/core.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1300 @@
+"""
+    babel.core
+    ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Core locale representation and locale data access.
+
+    :copyright: (c) 2013-2024 by the Babel Team.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import pickle
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from babel import localedata
+from babel.plural import PluralRule
+
+__all__ = ['UnknownLocaleError', 'Locale', 'default_locale', 'negotiate_locale',
+           'parse_locale']
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal, TypeAlias
+
+    _GLOBAL_KEY: TypeAlias = Literal[
+        "all_currencies",
+        "currency_fractions",
+        "language_aliases",
+        "likely_subtags",
+        "meta_zones",
+        "parent_exceptions",
+        "script_aliases",
+        "territory_aliases",
+        "territory_currencies",
+        "territory_languages",
+        "territory_zones",
+        "variant_aliases",
+        "windows_zone_mapping",
+        "zone_aliases",
+        "zone_territories",
+    ]
+
+    _global_data: Mapping[_GLOBAL_KEY, Mapping[str, Any]] | None
+
+_global_data = None
+_default_plural_rule = PluralRule({})
+
+
+def _raise_no_data_error():
+    raise RuntimeError('The babel data files are not available. '
+                       'This usually happens because you are using '
+                       'a source checkout from Babel and you did '
+                       'not build the data files.  Just make sure '
+                       'to run "python setup.py import_cldr" before '
+                       'installing the library.')
+
+
+def get_global(key: _GLOBAL_KEY) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+    """Return the dictionary for the given key in the global data.
+
+    The global data is stored in the ``babel/global.dat`` file and contains
+    information independent of individual locales.
+
+    >>> get_global('zone_aliases')['UTC']
+    u'Etc/UTC'
+    >>> get_global('zone_territories')['Europe/Berlin']
+    u'DE'
+
+    The keys available are:
+
+    - ``all_currencies``
+    - ``currency_fractions``
+    - ``language_aliases``
+    - ``likely_subtags``
+    - ``parent_exceptions``
+    - ``script_aliases``
+    - ``territory_aliases``
+    - ``territory_currencies``
+    - ``territory_languages``
+    - ``territory_zones``
+    - ``variant_aliases``
+    - ``windows_zone_mapping``
+    - ``zone_aliases``
+    - ``zone_territories``
+
+    .. note:: The internal structure of the data may change between versions.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    :param key: the data key
+    """
+    global _global_data
+    if _global_data is None:
+        dirname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+        filename = os.path.join(dirname, 'global.dat')
+        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
+            _raise_no_data_error()
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as fileobj:
+            _global_data = pickle.load(fileobj)
+            assert _global_data is not None
+    return _global_data.get(key, {})
+
+
+LOCALE_ALIASES = {
+    'ar': 'ar_SY', 'bg': 'bg_BG', 'bs': 'bs_BA', 'ca': 'ca_ES', 'cs': 'cs_CZ',
+    'da': 'da_DK', 'de': 'de_DE', 'el': 'el_GR', 'en': 'en_US', 'es': 'es_ES',
+    'et': 'et_EE', 'fa': 'fa_IR', 'fi': 'fi_FI', 'fr': 'fr_FR', 'gl': 'gl_ES',
+    'he': 'he_IL', 'hu': 'hu_HU', 'id': 'id_ID', 'is': 'is_IS', 'it': 'it_IT',
+    'ja': 'ja_JP', 'km': 'km_KH', 'ko': 'ko_KR', 'lt': 'lt_LT', 'lv': 'lv_LV',
+    'mk': 'mk_MK', 'nl': 'nl_NL', 'nn': 'nn_NO', 'no': 'nb_NO', 'pl': 'pl_PL',
+    'pt': 'pt_PT', 'ro': 'ro_RO', 'ru': 'ru_RU', 'sk': 'sk_SK', 'sl': 'sl_SI',
+    'sv': 'sv_SE', 'th': 'th_TH', 'tr': 'tr_TR', 'uk': 'uk_UA',
+}
+
+
+class UnknownLocaleError(Exception):
+    """Exception thrown when a locale is requested for which no locale data
+    is available.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, identifier: str) -> None:
+        """Create the exception.
+
+        :param identifier: the identifier string of the unsupported locale
+        """
+        Exception.__init__(self, f"unknown locale {identifier!r}")
+
+        #: The identifier of the locale that could not be found.
+        self.identifier = identifier
+
+
+class Locale:
+    """Representation of a specific locale.
+
+    >>> locale = Locale('en', 'US')
+    >>> repr(locale)
+    "Locale('en', territory='US')"
+    >>> locale.display_name
+    u'English (United States)'
+
+    A `Locale` object can also be instantiated from a raw locale string:
+
+    >>> locale = Locale.parse('en-US', sep='-')
+    >>> repr(locale)
+    "Locale('en', territory='US')"
+
+    `Locale` objects provide access to a collection of locale data, such as
+    territory and language names, number and date format patterns, and more:
+
+    >>> locale.number_symbols['latn']['decimal']
+    u'.'
+
+    If a locale is requested for which no locale data is available, an
+    `UnknownLocaleError` is raised:
+
+    >>> Locale.parse('en_XX')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    UnknownLocaleError: unknown locale 'en_XX'
+
+    For more information see :rfc:`3066`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        language: str,
+        territory: str | None = None,
+        script: str | None = None,
+        variant: str | None = None,
+        modifier: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize the locale object from the given identifier components.
+
+        >>> locale = Locale('en', 'US')
+        >>> locale.language
+        'en'
+        >>> locale.territory
+        'US'
+
+        :param language: the language code
+        :param territory: the territory (country or region) code
+        :param script: the script code
+        :param variant: the variant code
+        :param modifier: a modifier (following the '@' symbol, sometimes called '@variant')
+        :raise `UnknownLocaleError`: if no locale data is available for the
+                                     requested locale
+        """
+        #: the language code
+        self.language = language
+        #: the territory (country or region) code
+        self.territory = territory
+        #: the script code
+        self.script = script
+        #: the variant code
+        self.variant = variant
+        #: the modifier
+        self.modifier = modifier
+        self.__data: localedata.LocaleDataDict | None = None
+
+        identifier = str(self)
+        identifier_without_modifier = identifier.partition('@')[0]
+        if localedata.exists(identifier):
+            self.__data_identifier = identifier
+        elif localedata.exists(identifier_without_modifier):
+            self.__data_identifier = identifier_without_modifier
+        else:
+            raise UnknownLocaleError(identifier)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls, category: str | None = None, aliases: Mapping[str, str] = LOCALE_ALIASES) -> Locale:
+        """Return the system default locale for the specified category.
+
+        >>> for name in ['LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LC_MESSAGES']:
+        ...     os.environ[name] = ''
+        >>> os.environ['LANG'] = 'fr_FR.UTF-8'
+        >>> Locale.default('LC_MESSAGES')
+        Locale('fr', territory='FR')
+
+        The following fallbacks to the variable are always considered:
+
+        - ``LANGUAGE``
+        - ``LC_ALL``
+        - ``LC_CTYPE``
+        - ``LANG``
+
+        :param category: one of the ``LC_XXX`` environment variable names
+        :param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
+        """
+        # XXX: use likely subtag expansion here instead of the
+        # aliases dictionary.
+        locale_string = default_locale(category, aliases=aliases)
+        return cls.parse(locale_string)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def negotiate(
+        cls,
+        preferred: Iterable[str],
+        available: Iterable[str],
+        sep: str = '_',
+        aliases: Mapping[str, str] = LOCALE_ALIASES,
+    ) -> Locale | None:
+        """Find the best match between available and requested locale strings.
+
+        >>> Locale.negotiate(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_DE', 'de_AT'])
+        Locale('de', territory='DE')
+        >>> Locale.negotiate(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['en', 'de'])
+        Locale('de')
+        >>> Locale.negotiate(['de_DE', 'de'], ['en_US'])
+
+        You can specify the character used in the locale identifiers to separate
+        the different components. This separator is applied to both lists. Also,
+        case is ignored in the comparison:
+
+        >>> Locale.negotiate(['de-DE', 'de'], ['en-us', 'de-de'], sep='-')
+        Locale('de', territory='DE')
+
+        :param preferred: the list of locale identifiers preferred by the user
+        :param available: the list of locale identifiers available
+        :param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
+        """
+        identifier = negotiate_locale(preferred, available, sep=sep,
+                                      aliases=aliases)
+        if identifier:
+            return Locale.parse(identifier, sep=sep)
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        identifier: str | Locale | None,
+        sep: str = '_',
+        resolve_likely_subtags: bool = True,
+    ) -> Locale:
+        """Create a `Locale` instance for the given locale identifier.
+
+        >>> l = Locale.parse('de-DE', sep='-')
+        >>> l.display_name
+        u'Deutsch (Deutschland)'
+
+        If the `identifier` parameter is not a string, but actually a `Locale`
+        object, that object is returned:
+
+        >>> Locale.parse(l)
+        Locale('de', territory='DE')
+
+        If the `identifier` parameter is neither of these, such as `None`
+        e.g. because a default locale identifier could not be determined,
+        a `TypeError` is raised:
+
+        >>> Locale.parse(None)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+        TypeError: ...
+
+        This also can perform resolving of likely subtags which it does
+        by default.  This is for instance useful to figure out the most
+        likely locale for a territory you can use ``'und'`` as the
+        language tag:
+
+        >>> Locale.parse('und_AT')
+        Locale('de', territory='AT')
+
+        Modifiers are optional, and always at the end, separated by "@":
+
+        >>> Locale.parse('de_AT@euro')
+        Locale('de', territory='AT', modifier='euro')
+
+        :param identifier: the locale identifier string
+        :param sep: optional component separator
+        :param resolve_likely_subtags: if this is specified then a locale will
+                                       have its likely subtag resolved if the
+                                       locale otherwise does not exist.  For
+                                       instance ``zh_TW`` by itself is not a
+                                       locale that exists but Babel can
+                                       automatically expand it to the full
+                                       form of ``zh_hant_TW``.  Note that this
+                                       expansion is only taking place if no
+                                       locale exists otherwise.  For instance
+                                       there is a locale ``en`` that can exist
+                                       by itself.
+        :raise `ValueError`: if the string does not appear to be a valid locale
+                             identifier
+        :raise `UnknownLocaleError`: if no locale data is available for the
+                                     requested locale
+        :raise `TypeError`: if the identifier is not a string or a `Locale`
+        """
+        if isinstance(identifier, Locale):
+            return identifier
+        elif not isinstance(identifier, str):
+            raise TypeError(f"Unexpected value for identifier: {identifier!r}")
+
+        parts = parse_locale(identifier, sep=sep)
+        input_id = get_locale_identifier(parts)
+
+        def _try_load(parts):
+            try:
+                return cls(*parts)
+            except UnknownLocaleError:
+                return None
+
+        def _try_load_reducing(parts):
+            # Success on first hit, return it.
+            locale = _try_load(parts)
+            if locale is not None:
+                return locale
+
+            # Now try without script and variant
+            locale = _try_load(parts[:2])
+            if locale is not None:
+                return locale
+
+        locale = _try_load(parts)
+        if locale is not None:
+            return locale
+        if not resolve_likely_subtags:
+            raise UnknownLocaleError(input_id)
+
+        # From here onwards is some very bad likely subtag resolving.  This
+        # whole logic is not entirely correct but good enough (tm) for the
+        # time being.  This has been added so that zh_TW does not cause
+        # errors for people when they upgrade.  Later we should properly
+        # implement ICU like fuzzy locale objects and provide a way to
+        # maximize and minimize locale tags.
+
+        if len(parts) == 5:
+            language, territory, script, variant, modifier = parts
+        else:
+            language, territory, script, variant = parts
+            modifier = None
+        language = get_global('language_aliases').get(language, language)
+        territory = get_global('territory_aliases').get(territory or '', (territory,))[0]
+        script = get_global('script_aliases').get(script or '', script)
+        variant = get_global('variant_aliases').get(variant or '', variant)
+
+        if territory == 'ZZ':
+            territory = None
+        if script == 'Zzzz':
+            script = None
+
+        parts = language, territory, script, variant, modifier
+
+        # First match: try the whole identifier
+        new_id = get_locale_identifier(parts)
+        likely_subtag = get_global('likely_subtags').get(new_id)
+        if likely_subtag is not None:
+            locale = _try_load_reducing(parse_locale(likely_subtag))
+            if locale is not None:
+                return locale
+
+        # If we did not find anything so far, try again with a
+        # simplified identifier that is just the language
+        likely_subtag = get_global('likely_subtags').get(language)
+        if likely_subtag is not None:
+            parts2 = parse_locale(likely_subtag)
+            if len(parts2) == 5:
+                language2, _, script2, variant2, modifier2 = parts2
+            else:
+                language2, _, script2, variant2 = parts2
+                modifier2 = None
+            locale = _try_load_reducing((language2, territory, script2, variant2, modifier2))
+            if locale is not None:
+                return locale
+
+        raise UnknownLocaleError(input_id)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        for key in ('language', 'territory', 'script', 'variant', 'modifier'):
+            if not hasattr(other, key):
+                return False
+        return (
+            self.language == getattr(other, 'language') and  # noqa: B009
+            self.territory == getattr(other, 'territory') and  # noqa: B009
+            self.script == getattr(other, 'script') and  # noqa: B009
+            self.variant == getattr(other, 'variant') and  # noqa: B009
+            self.modifier == getattr(other, 'modifier')  # noqa: B009
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.language, self.territory, self.script,
+                     self.variant, self.modifier))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        parameters = ['']
+        for key in ('territory', 'script', 'variant', 'modifier'):
+            value = getattr(self, key)
+            if value is not None:
+                parameters.append(f"{key}={value!r}")
+        return f"Locale({self.language!r}{', '.join(parameters)})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return get_locale_identifier((self.language, self.territory,
+                                      self.script, self.variant,
+                                      self.modifier))
+
+    @property
+    def _data(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        if self.__data is None:
+            self.__data = localedata.LocaleDataDict(localedata.load(self.__data_identifier))
+        return self.__data
+
+    def get_display_name(self, locale: Locale | str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        """Return the display name of the locale using the given locale.
+
+        The display name will include the language, territory, script, and
+        variant, if those are specified.
+
+        >>> Locale('zh', 'CN', script='Hans').get_display_name('en')
+        u'Chinese (Simplified, China)'
+
+        Modifiers are currently passed through verbatim:
+
+        >>> Locale('it', 'IT', modifier='euro').get_display_name('en')
+        u'Italian (Italy, euro)'
+
+        :param locale: the locale to use
+        """
+        if locale is None:
+            locale = self
+        locale = Locale.parse(locale)
+        retval = locale.languages.get(self.language)
+        if retval and (self.territory or self.script or self.variant):
+            details = []
+            if self.script:
+                details.append(locale.scripts.get(self.script))
+            if self.territory:
+                details.append(locale.territories.get(self.territory))
+            if self.variant:
+                details.append(locale.variants.get(self.variant))
+            if self.modifier:
+                details.append(self.modifier)
+            detail_string = ', '.join(atom for atom in details if atom)
+            if detail_string:
+                retval += f" ({detail_string})"
+        return retval
+
+    display_name = property(get_display_name, doc="""\
+        The localized display name of the locale.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').display_name
+        u'English'
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').display_name
+        u'English (United States)'
+        >>> Locale('sv').display_name
+        u'svenska'
+
+        :type: `unicode`
+        """)
+
+    def get_language_name(self, locale: Locale | str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        """Return the language of this locale in the given locale.
+
+        >>> Locale('zh', 'CN', script='Hans').get_language_name('de')
+        u'Chinesisch'
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :param locale: the locale to use
+        """
+        if locale is None:
+            locale = self
+        locale = Locale.parse(locale)
+        return locale.languages.get(self.language)
+
+    language_name = property(get_language_name, doc="""\
+        The localized language name of the locale.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').language_name
+        u'English'
+    """)
+
+    def get_territory_name(self, locale: Locale | str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        """Return the territory name in the given locale."""
+        if locale is None:
+            locale = self
+        locale = Locale.parse(locale)
+        return locale.territories.get(self.territory or '')
+
+    territory_name = property(get_territory_name, doc="""\
+        The localized territory name of the locale if available.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').territory_name
+        u'Deutschland'
+    """)
+
+    def get_script_name(self, locale: Locale | str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        """Return the script name in the given locale."""
+        if locale is None:
+            locale = self
+        locale = Locale.parse(locale)
+        return locale.scripts.get(self.script or '')
+
+    script_name = property(get_script_name, doc="""\
+        The localized script name of the locale if available.
+
+        >>> Locale('sr', 'ME', script='Latn').script_name
+        u'latinica'
+    """)
+
+    @property
+    def english_name(self) -> str | None:
+        """The english display name of the locale.
+
+        >>> Locale('de').english_name
+        u'German'
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').english_name
+        u'German (Germany)'
+
+        :type: `unicode`"""
+        return self.get_display_name(Locale('en'))
+
+    # { General Locale Display Names
+
+    @property
+    def languages(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Mapping of language codes to translated language names.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').languages['ja']
+        u'Japanisch'
+
+        See `ISO 639 <http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/>`_ for
+        more information.
+        """
+        return self._data['languages']
+
+    @property
+    def scripts(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Mapping of script codes to translated script names.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').scripts['Hira']
+        u'Hiragana'
+
+        See `ISO 15924 <http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/>`_
+        for more information.
+        """
+        return self._data['scripts']
+
+    @property
+    def territories(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Mapping of script codes to translated script names.
+
+        >>> Locale('es', 'CO').territories['DE']
+        u'Alemania'
+
+        See `ISO 3166 <http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/>`_
+        for more information.
+        """
+        return self._data['territories']
+
+    @property
+    def variants(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Mapping of script codes to translated script names.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').variants['1901']
+        u'Alte deutsche Rechtschreibung'
+        """
+        return self._data['variants']
+
+    # { Number Formatting
+
+    @property
+    def currencies(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Mapping of currency codes to translated currency names.  This
+        only returns the generic form of the currency name, not the count
+        specific one.  If an actual number is requested use the
+        :func:`babel.numbers.get_currency_name` function.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').currencies['COP']
+        u'Colombian Peso'
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').currencies['COP']
+        u'Kolumbianischer Peso'
+        """
+        return self._data['currency_names']
+
+    @property
+    def currency_symbols(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Mapping of currency codes to symbols.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').currency_symbols['USD']
+        u'$'
+        >>> Locale('es', 'CO').currency_symbols['USD']
+        u'US$'
+        """
+        return self._data['currency_symbols']
+
+    @property
+    def number_symbols(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Symbols used in number formatting by number system.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('fr', 'FR').number_symbols["latn"]['decimal']
+        u','
+        >>> Locale('fa', 'IR').number_symbols["arabext"]['decimal']
+        u'٫'
+        >>> Locale('fa', 'IR').number_symbols["latn"]['decimal']
+        u'.'
+        """
+        return self._data['number_symbols']
+
+    @property
+    def other_numbering_systems(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """
+        Mapping of other numbering systems available for the locale.
+        See: https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-numbers.html#otherNumberingSystems
+
+        >>> Locale('el', 'GR').other_numbering_systems['traditional']
+        u'grek'
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+        """
+        return self._data['numbering_systems']
+
+    @property
+    def default_numbering_system(self) -> str:
+        """The default numbering system used by the locale.
+        >>> Locale('el', 'GR').default_numbering_system
+        u'latn'
+        """
+        return self._data['default_numbering_system']
+
+    @property
+    def decimal_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for decimal number formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').decimal_formats[None]
+        <NumberPattern u'#,##0.###'>
+        """
+        return self._data['decimal_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def compact_decimal_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for compact decimal number formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').compact_decimal_formats["short"]["one"]["1000"]
+        <NumberPattern u'0K'>
+        """
+        return self._data['compact_decimal_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def currency_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for currency number formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').currency_formats['standard']
+        <NumberPattern u'\\xa4#,##0.00'>
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').currency_formats['accounting']
+        <NumberPattern u'\\xa4#,##0.00;(\\xa4#,##0.00)'>
+        """
+        return self._data['currency_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def compact_currency_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for compact currency number formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').compact_currency_formats["short"]["one"]["1000"]
+        <NumberPattern u'¤0K'>
+        """
+        return self._data['compact_currency_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def percent_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for percent number formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').percent_formats[None]
+        <NumberPattern u'#,##0%'>
+        """
+        return self._data['percent_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def scientific_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for scientific number formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').scientific_formats[None]
+        <NumberPattern u'#E0'>
+        """
+        return self._data['scientific_formats']
+
+    # { Calendar Information and Date Formatting
+
+    @property
+    def periods(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for day periods (AM/PM).
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').periods['am']
+        u'AM'
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._data['day_periods']['stand-alone']['wide']
+        except KeyError:
+            return localedata.LocaleDataDict({})  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def day_periods(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for various day periods (not necessarily only AM/PM).
+
+        These are not meant to be used without the relevant `day_period_rules`.
+        """
+        return self._data['day_periods']
+
+    @property
+    def day_period_rules(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Day period rules for the locale.  Used by `get_period_id`.
+        """
+        return self._data.get('day_period_rules', localedata.LocaleDataDict({}))
+
+    @property
+    def days(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for weekdays.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').days['format']['wide'][3]
+        u'Donnerstag'
+        """
+        return self._data['days']
+
+    @property
+    def months(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for months.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').months['format']['wide'][10]
+        u'Oktober'
+        """
+        return self._data['months']
+
+    @property
+    def quarters(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for quarters.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').quarters['format']['wide'][1]
+        u'1. Quartal'
+        """
+        return self._data['quarters']
+
+    @property
+    def eras(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for eras.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').eras['wide'][1]
+        u'Anno Domini'
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').eras['abbreviated'][0]
+        u'BC'
+        """
+        return self._data['eras']
+
+    @property
+    def time_zones(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for time zones.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').time_zones['Europe/London']['long']['daylight']
+        u'British Summer Time'
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').time_zones['America/St_Johns']['city']
+        u'St. John\u2019s'
+        """
+        return self._data['time_zones']
+
+    @property
+    def meta_zones(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale display names for meta time zones.
+
+        Meta time zones are basically groups of different Olson time zones that
+        have the same GMT offset and daylight savings time.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').meta_zones['Europe_Central']['long']['daylight']
+        u'Central European Summer Time'
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        return self._data['meta_zones']
+
+    @property
+    def zone_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Patterns related to the formatting of time zones.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').zone_formats['fallback']
+        u'%(1)s (%(0)s)'
+        >>> Locale('pt', 'BR').zone_formats['region']
+        u'Hor\\xe1rio %s'
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+        """
+        return self._data['zone_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def first_week_day(self) -> int:
+        """The first day of a week, with 0 being Monday.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').first_week_day
+        0
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').first_week_day
+        6
+        """
+        return self._data['week_data']['first_day']
+
+    @property
+    def weekend_start(self) -> int:
+        """The day the weekend starts, with 0 being Monday.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').weekend_start
+        5
+        """
+        return self._data['week_data']['weekend_start']
+
+    @property
+    def weekend_end(self) -> int:
+        """The day the weekend ends, with 0 being Monday.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').weekend_end
+        6
+        """
+        return self._data['week_data']['weekend_end']
+
+    @property
+    def min_week_days(self) -> int:
+        """The minimum number of days in a week so that the week is counted as
+        the first week of a year or month.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').min_week_days
+        4
+        """
+        return self._data['week_data']['min_days']
+
+    @property
+    def date_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for date formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').date_formats['short']
+        <DateTimePattern u'M/d/yy'>
+        >>> Locale('fr', 'FR').date_formats['long']
+        <DateTimePattern u'd MMMM y'>
+        """
+        return self._data['date_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def time_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for time formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').time_formats['short']
+        <DateTimePattern u'h:mm\u202fa'>
+        >>> Locale('fr', 'FR').time_formats['long']
+        <DateTimePattern u'HH:mm:ss z'>
+        """
+        return self._data['time_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def datetime_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for datetime formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').datetime_formats['full']
+        u'{1}, {0}'
+        >>> Locale('th').datetime_formats['medium']
+        u'{1} {0}'
+        """
+        return self._data['datetime_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def datetime_skeletons(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for formatting parts of a datetime.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').datetime_skeletons['MEd']
+        <DateTimePattern u'E, M/d'>
+        >>> Locale('fr').datetime_skeletons['MEd']
+        <DateTimePattern u'E dd/MM'>
+        >>> Locale('fr').datetime_skeletons['H']
+        <DateTimePattern u"HH 'h'">
+        """
+        return self._data['datetime_skeletons']
+
+    @property
+    def interval_formats(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Locale patterns for interval formatting.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        How to format date intervals in Finnish when the day is the
+        smallest changing component:
+
+        >>> Locale('fi_FI').interval_formats['MEd']['d']
+        [u'E d.\u2009\u2013\u2009', u'E d.M.']
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           The primary API to use this data is :py:func:`babel.dates.format_interval`.
+
+
+        :rtype: dict[str, dict[str, list[str]]]
+        """
+        return self._data['interval_formats']
+
+    @property
+    def plural_form(self) -> PluralRule:
+        """Plural rules for the locale.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').plural_form(1)
+        'one'
+        >>> Locale('en').plural_form(0)
+        'other'
+        >>> Locale('fr').plural_form(0)
+        'one'
+        >>> Locale('ru').plural_form(100)
+        'many'
+        """
+        return self._data.get('plural_form', _default_plural_rule)
+
+    @property
+    def list_patterns(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Patterns for generating lists
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').list_patterns['standard']['start']
+        u'{0}, {1}'
+        >>> Locale('en').list_patterns['standard']['end']
+        u'{0}, and {1}'
+        >>> Locale('en_GB').list_patterns['standard']['end']
+        u'{0} and {1}'
+        """
+        return self._data['list_patterns']
+
+    @property
+    def ordinal_form(self) -> PluralRule:
+        """Plural rules for the locale.
+
+        >>> Locale('en').ordinal_form(1)
+        'one'
+        >>> Locale('en').ordinal_form(2)
+        'two'
+        >>> Locale('en').ordinal_form(3)
+        'few'
+        >>> Locale('fr').ordinal_form(2)
+        'other'
+        >>> Locale('ru').ordinal_form(100)
+        'other'
+        """
+        return self._data.get('ordinal_form', _default_plural_rule)
+
+    @property
+    def measurement_systems(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Localized names for various measurement systems.
+
+        >>> Locale('fr', 'FR').measurement_systems['US']
+        u'am\\xe9ricain'
+        >>> Locale('en', 'US').measurement_systems['US']
+        u'US'
+
+        """
+        return self._data['measurement_systems']
+
+    @property
+    def character_order(self) -> str:
+        """The text direction for the language.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').character_order
+        'left-to-right'
+        >>> Locale('ar', 'SA').character_order
+        'right-to-left'
+        """
+        return self._data['character_order']
+
+    @property
+    def text_direction(self) -> str:
+        """The text direction for the language in CSS short-hand form.
+
+        >>> Locale('de', 'DE').text_direction
+        'ltr'
+        >>> Locale('ar', 'SA').text_direction
+        'rtl'
+        """
+        return ''.join(word[0] for word in self.character_order.split('-'))
+
+    @property
+    def unit_display_names(self) -> localedata.LocaleDataDict:
+        """Display names for units of measurement.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           You may want to use :py:func:`babel.units.get_unit_name` instead.
+
+        .. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
+                  Babel versions.
+
+        """
+        return self._data['unit_display_names']
+
+
+def default_locale(category: str | None = None, aliases: Mapping[str, str] = LOCALE_ALIASES) -> str | None:
+    """Returns the system default locale for a given category, based on
+    environment variables.
+
+    >>> for name in ['LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE']:
+    ...     os.environ[name] = ''
+    >>> os.environ['LANG'] = 'fr_FR.UTF-8'
+    >>> default_locale('LC_MESSAGES')
+    'fr_FR'
+
+    The "C" or "POSIX" pseudo-locales are treated as aliases for the
+    "en_US_POSIX" locale:
+
+    >>> os.environ['LC_MESSAGES'] = 'POSIX'
+    >>> default_locale('LC_MESSAGES')
+    'en_US_POSIX'
+
+    The following fallbacks to the variable are always considered:
+
+    - ``LANGUAGE``
+    - ``LC_ALL``
+    - ``LC_CTYPE``
+    - ``LANG``
+
+    :param category: one of the ``LC_XXX`` environment variable names
+    :param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
+    """
+    varnames = (category, 'LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG')
+    for name in filter(None, varnames):
+        locale = os.getenv(name)
+        if locale:
+            if name == 'LANGUAGE' and ':' in locale:
+                # the LANGUAGE variable may contain a colon-separated list of
+                # language codes; we just pick the language on the list
+                locale = locale.split(':')[0]
+            if locale.split('.')[0] in ('C', 'POSIX'):
+                locale = 'en_US_POSIX'
+            elif aliases and locale in aliases:
+                locale = aliases[locale]
+            try:
+                return get_locale_identifier(parse_locale(locale))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+    return None
+
+
+def negotiate_locale(preferred: Iterable[str], available: Iterable[str], sep: str = '_', aliases: Mapping[str, str] = LOCALE_ALIASES) -> str | None:
+    """Find the best match between available and requested locale strings.
+
+    >>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_DE', 'de_AT'])
+    'de_DE'
+    >>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['en', 'de'])
+    'de'
+
+    Case is ignored by the algorithm, the result uses the case of the preferred
+    locale identifier:
+
+    >>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_de', 'de_at'])
+    'de_DE'
+
+    >>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_de', 'de_at'])
+    'de_DE'
+
+    By default, some web browsers unfortunately do not include the territory
+    in the locale identifier for many locales, and some don't even allow the
+    user to easily add the territory. So while you may prefer using qualified
+    locale identifiers in your web-application, they would not normally match
+    the language-only locale sent by such browsers. To workaround that, this
+    function uses a default mapping of commonly used language-only locale
+    identifiers to identifiers including the territory:
+
+    >>> negotiate_locale(['ja', 'en_US'], ['ja_JP', 'en_US'])
+    'ja_JP'
+
+    Some browsers even use an incorrect or outdated language code, such as "no"
+    for Norwegian, where the correct locale identifier would actually be "nb_NO"
+    (Bokmål) or "nn_NO" (Nynorsk). The aliases are intended to take care of
+    such cases, too:
+
+    >>> negotiate_locale(['no', 'sv'], ['nb_NO', 'sv_SE'])
+    'nb_NO'
+
+    You can override this default mapping by passing a different `aliases`
+    dictionary to this function, or you can bypass the behavior althogher by
+    setting the `aliases` parameter to `None`.
+
+    :param preferred: the list of locale strings preferred by the user
+    :param available: the list of locale strings available
+    :param sep: character that separates the different parts of the locale
+                strings
+    :param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
+    """
+    available = [a.lower() for a in available if a]
+    for locale in preferred:
+        ll = locale.lower()
+        if ll in available:
+            return locale
+        if aliases:
+            alias = aliases.get(ll)
+            if alias:
+                alias = alias.replace('_', sep)
+                if alias.lower() in available:
+                    return alias
+        parts = locale.split(sep)
+        if len(parts) > 1 and parts[0].lower() in available:
+            return parts[0]
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_locale(
+    identifier: str,
+    sep: str = '_',
+) -> tuple[str, str | None, str | None, str | None] | tuple[str, str | None, str | None, str | None, str | None]:
+    """Parse a locale identifier into a tuple of the form ``(language,
+    territory, script, variant, modifier)``.
+
+    >>> parse_locale('zh_CN')
+    ('zh', 'CN', None, None)
+    >>> parse_locale('zh_Hans_CN')
+    ('zh', 'CN', 'Hans', None)
+    >>> parse_locale('ca_es_valencia')
+    ('ca', 'ES', None, 'VALENCIA')
+    >>> parse_locale('en_150')
+    ('en', '150', None, None)
+    >>> parse_locale('en_us_posix')
+    ('en', 'US', None, 'POSIX')
+    >>> parse_locale('it_IT@euro')
+    ('it', 'IT', None, None, 'euro')
+    >>> parse_locale('it_IT@custom')
+    ('it', 'IT', None, None, 'custom')
+    >>> parse_locale('it_IT@')
+    ('it', 'IT', None, None)
+
+    The default component separator is "_", but a different separator can be
+    specified using the `sep` parameter.
+
+    The optional modifier is always separated with "@" and at the end:
+
+    >>> parse_locale('zh-CN', sep='-')
+    ('zh', 'CN', None, None)
+    >>> parse_locale('zh-CN@custom', sep='-')
+    ('zh', 'CN', None, None, 'custom')
+
+    If the identifier cannot be parsed into a locale, a `ValueError` exception
+    is raised:
+
+    >>> parse_locale('not_a_LOCALE_String')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    ValueError: 'not_a_LOCALE_String' is not a valid locale identifier
+
+    Encoding information is removed from the identifier, while modifiers are
+    kept:
+
+    >>> parse_locale('en_US.UTF-8')
+    ('en', 'US', None, None)
+    >>> parse_locale('de_DE.iso885915@euro')
+    ('de', 'DE', None, None, 'euro')
+
+    See :rfc:`4646` for more information.
+
+    :param identifier: the locale identifier string
+    :param sep: character that separates the different components of the locale
+                identifier
+    :raise `ValueError`: if the string does not appear to be a valid locale
+                         identifier
+    """
+    identifier, _, modifier = identifier.partition('@')
+    if '.' in identifier:
+        # this is probably the charset/encoding, which we don't care about
+        identifier = identifier.split('.', 1)[0]
+
+    parts = identifier.split(sep)
+    lang = parts.pop(0).lower()
+    if not lang.isalpha():
+        raise ValueError(f"expected only letters, got {lang!r}")
+
+    script = territory = variant = None
+    if parts and len(parts[0]) == 4 and parts[0].isalpha():
+        script = parts.pop(0).title()
+
+    if parts:
+        if len(parts[0]) == 2 and parts[0].isalpha():
+            territory = parts.pop(0).upper()
+        elif len(parts[0]) == 3 and parts[0].isdigit():
+            territory = parts.pop(0)
+
+    if parts and (
+        len(parts[0]) == 4 and parts[0][0].isdigit() or
+        len(parts[0]) >= 5 and parts[0][0].isalpha()
+    ):
+        variant = parts.pop().upper()
+
+    if parts:
+        raise ValueError(f"{identifier!r} is not a valid locale identifier")
+
+    # TODO(3.0): always return a 5-tuple
+    if modifier:
+        return lang, territory, script, variant, modifier
+    else:
+        return lang, territory, script, variant
+
+
+def get_locale_identifier(
+    tup: tuple[str]
+    | tuple[str, str | None]
+    | tuple[str, str | None, str | None]
+    | tuple[str, str | None, str | None, str | None]
+    | tuple[str, str | None, str | None, str | None, str | None],
+    sep: str = "_",
+) -> str:
+    """The reverse of :func:`parse_locale`.  It creates a locale identifier out
+    of a ``(language, territory, script, variant, modifier)`` tuple.  Items can be set to
+    ``None`` and trailing ``None``\\s can also be left out of the tuple.
+
+    >>> get_locale_identifier(('de', 'DE', None, '1999', 'custom'))
+    'de_DE_1999@custom'
+    >>> get_locale_identifier(('fi', None, None, None, 'custom'))
+    'fi@custom'
+
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+    :param tup: the tuple as returned by :func:`parse_locale`.
+    :param sep: the separator for the identifier.
+    """
+    tup = tuple(tup[:5])  # type: ignore  # length should be no more than 5
+    lang, territory, script, variant, modifier = tup + (None,) * (5 - len(tup))
+    ret = sep.join(filter(None, (lang, script, territory, variant)))
+    return f'{ret}@{modifier}' if modifier else ret