primary-api-models 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

venv/Lib/site-packages/_pytest/pytester.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1791 @@
+# mypy: allow-untyped-defs
+"""(Disabled by default) support for testing pytest and pytest plugins.
+
+PYTEST_DONT_REWRITE
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+import contextlib
+from fnmatch import fnmatch
+import gc
+import importlib
+from io import StringIO
+import locale
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import traceback
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Final
+from typing import final
+from typing import IO
+from typing import Literal
+from typing import overload
+from typing import TextIO
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from iniconfig import IniConfig
+from iniconfig import SectionWrapper
+
+from _pytest import timing
+from _pytest._code import Source
+from _pytest.capture import _get_multicapture
+from _pytest.compat import NOTSET
+from _pytest.compat import NotSetType
+from _pytest.config import _PluggyPlugin
+from _pytest.config import Config
+from _pytest.config import ExitCode
+from _pytest.config import hookimpl
+from _pytest.config import main
+from _pytest.config import PytestPluginManager
+from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
+from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
+from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
+from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
+from _pytest.main import Session
+from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
+from _pytest.nodes import Collector
+from _pytest.nodes import Item
+from _pytest.outcomes import fail
+from _pytest.outcomes import importorskip
+from _pytest.outcomes import skip
+from _pytest.pathlib import bestrelpath
+from _pytest.pathlib import make_numbered_dir
+from _pytest.reports import CollectReport
+from _pytest.reports import TestReport
+from _pytest.tmpdir import TempPathFactory
+from _pytest.warning_types import PytestFDWarning
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pexpect
+
+
+pytest_plugins = ["pytester_assertions"]
+
+
+IGNORE_PAM = [  # filenames added when obtaining details about the current user
+    "/var/lib/sss/mc/passwd"
+]
+
+
+def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
+    parser.addoption(
+        "--lsof",
+        action="store_true",
+        dest="lsof",
+        default=False,
+        help="Run FD checks if lsof is available",
+    )
+
+    parser.addoption(
+        "--runpytest",
+        default="inprocess",
+        dest="runpytest",
+        choices=("inprocess", "subprocess"),
+        help=(
+            "Run pytest sub runs in tests using an 'inprocess' "
+            "or 'subprocess' (python -m main) method"
+        ),
+    )
+
+    parser.addini(
+        "pytester_example_dir", help="Directory to take the pytester example files from"
+    )
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
+    if config.getvalue("lsof"):
+        checker = LsofFdLeakChecker()
+        if checker.matching_platform():
+            config.pluginmanager.register(checker)
+
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        "pytester_example_path(*path_segments): join the given path "
+        "segments to `pytester_example_dir` for this test.",
+    )
+
+
+class LsofFdLeakChecker:
+    def get_open_files(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            # New in Python 3.11, ignores utf-8 mode
+            encoding = locale.getencoding()
+        else:
+            encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+        out = subprocess.run(
+            ("lsof", "-Ffn0", "-p", str(os.getpid())),
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=True,
+            text=True,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        ).stdout
+
+        def isopen(line: str) -> bool:
+            return line.startswith("f") and (
+                "deleted" not in line
+                and "mem" not in line
+                and "txt" not in line
+                and "cwd" not in line
+            )
+
+        open_files = []
+
+        for line in out.split("\n"):
+            if isopen(line):
+                fields = line.split("\0")
+                fd = fields[0][1:]
+                filename = fields[1][1:]
+                if filename in IGNORE_PAM:
+                    continue
+                if filename.startswith("/"):
+                    open_files.append((fd, filename))
+
+        return open_files
+
+    def matching_platform(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(("lsof", "-v"), check=True)
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @hookimpl(wrapper=True, tryfirst=True)
+    def pytest_runtest_protocol(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, object, object]:
+        lines1 = self.get_open_files()
+        try:
+            return (yield)
+        finally:
+            if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
+                gc.collect()
+            lines2 = self.get_open_files()
+
+            new_fds = {t[0] for t in lines2} - {t[0] for t in lines1}
+            leaked_files = [t for t in lines2 if t[0] in new_fds]
+            if leaked_files:
+                error = [
+                    f"***** {len(leaked_files)} FD leakage detected",
+                    *(str(f) for f in leaked_files),
+                    "*** Before:",
+                    *(str(f) for f in lines1),
+                    "*** After:",
+                    *(str(f) for f in lines2),
+                    f"***** {len(leaked_files)} FD leakage detected",
+                    "*** function {}:{}: {} ".format(*item.location),
+                    "See issue #2366",
+                ]
+                item.warn(PytestFDWarning("\n".join(error)))
+
+
+# used at least by pytest-xdist plugin
+
+
+@fixture
+def _pytest(request: FixtureRequest) -> PytestArg:
+    """Return a helper which offers a gethookrecorder(hook) method which
+    returns a HookRecorder instance which helps to make assertions about called
+    hooks."""
+    return PytestArg(request)
+
+
+class PytestArg:
+    def __init__(self, request: FixtureRequest) -> None:
+        self._request = request
+
+    def gethookrecorder(self, hook) -> HookRecorder:
+        hookrecorder = HookRecorder(hook._pm)
+        self._request.addfinalizer(hookrecorder.finish_recording)
+        return hookrecorder
+
+
+def get_public_names(values: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Only return names from iterator values without a leading underscore."""
+    return [x for x in values if x[0] != "_"]
+
+
+@final
+class RecordedHookCall:
+    """A recorded call to a hook.
+
+    The arguments to the hook call are set as attributes.
+    For example:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        calls = hook_recorder.getcalls("pytest_runtest_setup")
+        # Suppose pytest_runtest_setup was called once with `item=an_item`.
+        assert calls[0].item is an_item
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, kwargs) -> None:
+        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
+        self._name = name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        d = self.__dict__.copy()
+        del d["_name"]
+        return f"<RecordedHookCall {self._name!r}(**{d!r})>"
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # The class has undetermined attributes, this tells mypy about it.
+        def __getattr__(self, key: str): ...
+
+
+@final
+class HookRecorder:
+    """Record all hooks called in a plugin manager.
+
+    Hook recorders are created by :class:`Pytester`.
+
+    This wraps all the hook calls in the plugin manager, recording each call
+    before propagating the normal calls.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, pluginmanager: PytestPluginManager, *, _ispytest: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+
+        self._pluginmanager = pluginmanager
+        self.calls: list[RecordedHookCall] = []
+        self.ret: int | ExitCode | None = None
+
+        def before(hook_name: str, hook_impls, kwargs) -> None:
+            self.calls.append(RecordedHookCall(hook_name, kwargs))
+
+        def after(outcome, hook_name: str, hook_impls, kwargs) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        self._undo_wrapping = pluginmanager.add_hookcall_monitoring(before, after)
+
+    def finish_recording(self) -> None:
+        self._undo_wrapping()
+
+    def getcalls(self, names: str | Iterable[str]) -> list[RecordedHookCall]:
+        """Get all recorded calls to hooks with the given names (or name)."""
+        if isinstance(names, str):
+            names = names.split()
+        return [call for call in self.calls if call._name in names]
+
+    def assert_contains(self, entries: Sequence[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        i = 0
+        entries = list(entries)
+        # Since Python 3.13, f_locals is not a dict, but eval requires a dict.
+        backlocals = dict(sys._getframe(1).f_locals)
+        while entries:
+            name, check = entries.pop(0)
+            for ind, call in enumerate(self.calls[i:]):
+                if call._name == name:
+                    print("NAMEMATCH", name, call)
+                    if eval(check, backlocals, call.__dict__):
+                        print("CHECKERMATCH", repr(check), "->", call)
+                    else:
+                        print("NOCHECKERMATCH", repr(check), "-", call)
+                        continue
+                    i += ind + 1
+                    break
+                print("NONAMEMATCH", name, "with", call)
+            else:
+                fail(f"could not find {name!r} check {check!r}")
+
+    def popcall(self, name: str) -> RecordedHookCall:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        for i, call in enumerate(self.calls):
+            if call._name == name:
+                del self.calls[i]
+                return call
+        lines = [f"could not find call {name!r}, in:"]
+        lines.extend([f"  {x}" for x in self.calls])
+        fail("\n".join(lines))
+
+    def getcall(self, name: str) -> RecordedHookCall:
+        values = self.getcalls(name)
+        assert len(values) == 1, (name, values)
+        return values[0]
+
+    # functionality for test reports
+
+    @overload
+    def getreports(
+        self,
+        names: Literal["pytest_collectreport"],
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def getreports(
+        self,
+        names: Literal["pytest_runtest_logreport"],
+    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def getreports(
+        self,
+        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
+            "pytest_collectreport",
+            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
+        ),
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]: ...
+
+    def getreports(
+        self,
+        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
+            "pytest_collectreport",
+            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
+        ),
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]:
+        return [x.report for x in self.getcalls(names)]
+
+    def matchreport(
+        self,
+        inamepart: str = "",
+        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
+            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
+            "pytest_collectreport",
+        ),
+        when: str | None = None,
+    ) -> CollectReport | TestReport:
+        """Return a testreport whose dotted import path matches."""
+        values = []
+        for rep in self.getreports(names=names):
+            if not when and rep.when != "call" and rep.passed:
+                # setup/teardown passing reports - let's ignore those
+                continue
+            if when and rep.when != when:
+                continue
+            if not inamepart or inamepart in rep.nodeid.split("::"):
+                values.append(rep)
+        if not values:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"could not find test report matching {inamepart!r}: "
+                "no test reports at all!"
+            )
+        if len(values) > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"found 2 or more testreports matching {inamepart!r}: {values}"
+            )
+        return values[0]
+
+    @overload
+    def getfailures(
+        self,
+        names: Literal["pytest_collectreport"],
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def getfailures(
+        self,
+        names: Literal["pytest_runtest_logreport"],
+    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def getfailures(
+        self,
+        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
+            "pytest_collectreport",
+            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
+        ),
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]: ...
+
+    def getfailures(
+        self,
+        names: str | Iterable[str] = (
+            "pytest_collectreport",
+            "pytest_runtest_logreport",
+        ),
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport]:
+        return [rep for rep in self.getreports(names) if rep.failed]
+
+    def getfailedcollections(self) -> Sequence[CollectReport]:
+        return self.getfailures("pytest_collectreport")
+
+    def listoutcomes(
+        self,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        Sequence[TestReport],
+        Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport],
+        Sequence[CollectReport | TestReport],
+    ]:
+        passed = []
+        skipped = []
+        failed = []
+        for rep in self.getreports(
+            ("pytest_collectreport", "pytest_runtest_logreport")
+        ):
+            if rep.passed:
+                if rep.when == "call":
+                    assert isinstance(rep, TestReport)
+                    passed.append(rep)
+            elif rep.skipped:
+                skipped.append(rep)
+            else:
+                assert rep.failed, f"Unexpected outcome: {rep!r}"
+                failed.append(rep)
+        return passed, skipped, failed
+
+    def countoutcomes(self) -> list[int]:
+        return [len(x) for x in self.listoutcomes()]
+
+    def assertoutcome(self, passed: int = 0, skipped: int = 0, failed: int = 0) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        from _pytest.pytester_assertions import assertoutcome
+
+        outcomes = self.listoutcomes()
+        assertoutcome(
+            outcomes,
+            passed=passed,
+            skipped=skipped,
+            failed=failed,
+        )
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self.calls[:] = []
+
+
+@fixture
+def linecomp() -> LineComp:
+    """A :class: `LineComp` instance for checking that an input linearly
+    contains a sequence of strings."""
+    return LineComp()
+
+
+@fixture(name="LineMatcher")
+def LineMatcher_fixture(request: FixtureRequest) -> type[LineMatcher]:
+    """A reference to the :class: `LineMatcher`.
+
+    This is instantiable with a list of lines (without their trailing newlines).
+    This is useful for testing large texts, such as the output of commands.
+    """
+    return LineMatcher
+
+
+@fixture
+def pytester(
+    request: FixtureRequest, tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> Pytester:
+    """
+    Facilities to write tests/configuration files, execute pytest in isolation, and match
+    against expected output, perfect for black-box testing of pytest plugins.
+
+    It attempts to isolate the test run from external factors as much as possible, modifying
+    the current working directory to ``path`` and environment variables during initialization.
+
+    It is particularly useful for testing plugins. It is similar to the :fixture:`tmp_path`
+    fixture but provides methods which aid in testing pytest itself.
+    """
+    return Pytester(request, tmp_path_factory, monkeypatch, _ispytest=True)
+
+
+@fixture
+def _sys_snapshot() -> Generator[None]:
+    snappaths = SysPathsSnapshot()
+    snapmods = SysModulesSnapshot()
+    yield
+    snapmods.restore()
+    snappaths.restore()
+
+
+@fixture
+def _config_for_test() -> Generator[Config]:
+    from _pytest.config import get_config
+
+    config = get_config()
+    yield config
+    config._ensure_unconfigure()  # cleanup, e.g. capman closing tmpfiles.
+
+
+# Regex to match the session duration string in the summary: "74.34s".
+rex_session_duration = re.compile(r"\d+\.\d\ds")
+# Regex to match all the counts and phrases in the summary line: "34 passed, 111 skipped".
+rex_outcome = re.compile(r"(\d+) (\w+)")
+
+
+@final
+class RunResult:
+    """The result of running a command from :class:`~pytest.Pytester`."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ret: int | ExitCode,
+        outlines: list[str],
+        errlines: list[str],
+        duration: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.ret: int | ExitCode = ExitCode(ret)
+            """The return value."""
+        except ValueError:
+            self.ret = ret
+        self.outlines = outlines
+        """List of lines captured from stdout."""
+        self.errlines = errlines
+        """List of lines captured from stderr."""
+        self.stdout = LineMatcher(outlines)
+        """:class:`~pytest.LineMatcher` of stdout.
+
+        Use e.g. :func:`str(stdout) <pytest.LineMatcher.__str__()>` to reconstruct stdout, or the commonly used
+        :func:`stdout.fnmatch_lines() <pytest.LineMatcher.fnmatch_lines()>` method.
+        """
+        self.stderr = LineMatcher(errlines)
+        """:class:`~pytest.LineMatcher` of stderr."""
+        self.duration = duration
+        """Duration in seconds."""
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<RunResult ret={self.ret!s} "
+            f"len(stdout.lines)={len(self.stdout.lines)} "
+            f"len(stderr.lines)={len(self.stderr.lines)} "
+            f"duration={self.duration:.2f}s>"
+        )
+
+    def parseoutcomes(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        """Return a dictionary of outcome noun -> count from parsing the terminal
+        output that the test process produced.
+
+        The returned nouns will always be in plural form::
+
+            ======= 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 warning, 1 error in 0.13s ====
+
+        Will return ``{"failed": 1, "passed": 1, "warnings": 1, "errors": 1}``.
+        """
+        return self.parse_summary_nouns(self.outlines)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_summary_nouns(cls, lines) -> dict[str, int]:
+        """Extract the nouns from a pytest terminal summary line.
+
+        It always returns the plural noun for consistency::
+
+            ======= 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 warning, 1 error in 0.13s ====
+
+        Will return ``{"failed": 1, "passed": 1, "warnings": 1, "errors": 1}``.
+        """
+        for line in reversed(lines):
+            if rex_session_duration.search(line):
+                outcomes = rex_outcome.findall(line)
+                ret = {noun: int(count) for (count, noun) in outcomes}
+                break
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Pytest terminal summary report not found")
+
+        to_plural = {
+            "warning": "warnings",
+            "error": "errors",
+        }
+        return {to_plural.get(k, k): v for k, v in ret.items()}
+
+    def assert_outcomes(
+        self,
+        passed: int = 0,
+        skipped: int = 0,
+        failed: int = 0,
+        errors: int = 0,
+        xpassed: int = 0,
+        xfailed: int = 0,
+        warnings: int | None = None,
+        deselected: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Assert that the specified outcomes appear with the respective
+        numbers (0 means it didn't occur) in the text output from a test run.
+
+        ``warnings`` and ``deselected`` are only checked if not None.
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        from _pytest.pytester_assertions import assert_outcomes
+
+        outcomes = self.parseoutcomes()
+        assert_outcomes(
+            outcomes,
+            passed=passed,
+            skipped=skipped,
+            failed=failed,
+            errors=errors,
+            xpassed=xpassed,
+            xfailed=xfailed,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            deselected=deselected,
+        )
+
+
+class SysModulesSnapshot:
+    def __init__(self, preserve: Callable[[str], bool] | None = None) -> None:
+        self.__preserve = preserve
+        self.__saved = dict(sys.modules)
+
+    def restore(self) -> None:
+        if self.__preserve:
+            self.__saved.update(
+                (k, m) for k, m in sys.modules.items() if self.__preserve(k)
+            )
+        sys.modules.clear()
+        sys.modules.update(self.__saved)
+
+
+class SysPathsSnapshot:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.__saved = list(sys.path), list(sys.meta_path)
+
+    def restore(self) -> None:
+        sys.path[:], sys.meta_path[:] = self.__saved
+
+
+@final
+class Pytester:
+    """
+    Facilities to write tests/configuration files, execute pytest in isolation, and match
+    against expected output, perfect for black-box testing of pytest plugins.
+
+    It attempts to isolate the test run from external factors as much as possible, modifying
+    the current working directory to :attr:`path` and environment variables during initialization.
+    """
+
+    __test__ = False
+
+    CLOSE_STDIN: Final = NOTSET
+
+    class TimeoutExpired(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        request: FixtureRequest,
+        tmp_path_factory: TempPathFactory,
+        monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch,
+        *,
+        _ispytest: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        check_ispytest(_ispytest)
+        self._request = request
+        self._mod_collections: WeakKeyDictionary[Collector, list[Item | Collector]] = (
+            WeakKeyDictionary()
+        )
+        if request.function:
+            name: str = request.function.__name__
+        else:
+            name = request.node.name
+        self._name = name
+        self._path: Path = tmp_path_factory.mktemp(name, numbered=True)
+        #: A list of plugins to use with :py:meth:`parseconfig` and
+        #: :py:meth:`runpytest`. Initially this is an empty list but plugins can
+        #: be added to the list.
+        #:
+        #: When running in subprocess mode, specify plugins by name (str) - adding
+        #: plugin objects directly is not supported.
+        self.plugins: list[str | _PluggyPlugin] = []
+        self._sys_path_snapshot = SysPathsSnapshot()
+        self._sys_modules_snapshot = self.__take_sys_modules_snapshot()
+        self._request.addfinalizer(self._finalize)
+        self._method = self._request.config.getoption("--runpytest")
+        self._test_tmproot = tmp_path_factory.mktemp(f"tmp-{name}", numbered=True)
+
+        self._monkeypatch = mp = monkeypatch
+        self.chdir()
+        mp.setenv("PYTEST_DEBUG_TEMPROOT", str(self._test_tmproot))
+        # Ensure no unexpected caching via tox.
+        mp.delenv("TOX_ENV_DIR", raising=False)
+        # Discard outer pytest options.
+        mp.delenv("PYTEST_ADDOPTS", raising=False)
+        # Ensure no user config is used.
+        tmphome = str(self.path)
+        mp.setenv("HOME", tmphome)
+        mp.setenv("USERPROFILE", tmphome)
+        # Do not use colors for inner runs by default.
+        mp.setenv("PY_COLORS", "0")
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> Path:
+        """Temporary directory path used to create files/run tests from, etc."""
+        return self._path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Pytester {self.path!r}>"
+
+    def _finalize(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Clean up global state artifacts.
+
+        Some methods modify the global interpreter state and this tries to
+        clean this up. It does not remove the temporary directory however so
+        it can be looked at after the test run has finished.
+        """
+        self._sys_modules_snapshot.restore()
+        self._sys_path_snapshot.restore()
+
+    def __take_sys_modules_snapshot(self) -> SysModulesSnapshot:
+        # Some zope modules used by twisted-related tests keep internal state
+        # and can't be deleted; we had some trouble in the past with
+        # `zope.interface` for example.
+        #
+        # Preserve readline due to https://bugs.python.org/issue41033.
+        # pexpect issues a SIGWINCH.
+        def preserve_module(name):
+            return name.startswith(("zope", "readline"))
+
+        return SysModulesSnapshot(preserve=preserve_module)
+
+    def make_hook_recorder(self, pluginmanager: PytestPluginManager) -> HookRecorder:
+        """Create a new :class:`HookRecorder` for a :class:`PytestPluginManager`."""
+        pluginmanager.reprec = reprec = HookRecorder(pluginmanager, _ispytest=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        self._request.addfinalizer(reprec.finish_recording)
+        return reprec
+
+    def chdir(self) -> None:
+        """Cd into the temporary directory.
+
+        This is done automatically upon instantiation.
+        """
+        self._monkeypatch.chdir(self.path)
+
+    def _makefile(
+        self,
+        ext: str,
+        lines: Sequence[Any | bytes],
+        files: dict[str, str],
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+    ) -> Path:
+        items = list(files.items())
+
+        if ext is None:
+            raise TypeError("ext must not be None")
+
+        if ext and not ext.startswith("."):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"pytester.makefile expects a file extension, try .{ext} instead of {ext}"
+            )
+
+        def to_text(s: Any | bytes) -> str:
+            return s.decode(encoding) if isinstance(s, bytes) else str(s)
+
+        if lines:
+            source = "\n".join(to_text(x) for x in lines)
+            basename = self._name
+            items.insert(0, (basename, source))
+
+        ret = None
+        for basename, value in items:
+            p = self.path.joinpath(basename).with_suffix(ext)
+            p.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            source_ = Source(value)
+            source = "\n".join(to_text(line) for line in source_.lines)
+            p.write_text(source.strip(), encoding=encoding)
+            if ret is None:
+                ret = p
+        assert ret is not None
+        return ret
+
+    def makefile(self, ext: str, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> Path:
+        r"""Create new text file(s) in the test directory.
+
+        :param ext:
+            The extension the file(s) should use, including the dot, e.g. `.py`.
+        :param args:
+            All args are treated as strings and joined using newlines.
+            The result is written as contents to the file.  The name of the
+            file is based on the test function requesting this fixture.
+        :param kwargs:
+            Each keyword is the name of a file, while the value of it will
+            be written as contents of the file.
+        :returns:
+            The first created file.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            pytester.makefile(".txt", "line1", "line2")
+
+            pytester.makefile(".ini", pytest="[pytest]\naddopts=-rs\n")
+
+        To create binary files, use :meth:`pathlib.Path.write_bytes` directly:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            filename = pytester.path.joinpath("foo.bin")
+            filename.write_bytes(b"...")
+        """
+        return self._makefile(ext, args, kwargs)
+
+    def makeconftest(self, source: str) -> Path:
+        """Write a conftest.py file.
+
+        :param source: The contents.
+        :returns: The conftest.py file.
+        """
+        return self.makepyfile(conftest=source)
+
+    def makeini(self, source: str) -> Path:
+        """Write a tox.ini file.
+
+        :param source: The contents.
+        :returns: The tox.ini file.
+        """
+        return self.makefile(".ini", tox=source)
+
+    def maketoml(self, source: str) -> Path:
+        """Write a pytest.toml file.
+
+        :param source: The contents.
+        :returns: The pytest.toml file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 9.0
+        """
+        return self.makefile(".toml", pytest=source)
+
+    def getinicfg(self, source: str) -> SectionWrapper:
+        """Return the pytest section from the tox.ini config file."""
+        p = self.makeini(source)
+        return IniConfig(str(p))["pytest"]
+
+    def makepyprojecttoml(self, source: str) -> Path:
+        """Write a pyproject.toml file.
+
+        :param source: The contents.
+        :returns: The pyproject.ini file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 6.0
+        """
+        return self.makefile(".toml", pyproject=source)
+
+    def makepyfile(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Path:
+        r"""Shortcut for .makefile() with a .py extension.
+
+        Defaults to the test name with a '.py' extension, e.g test_foobar.py, overwriting
+        existing files.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            def test_something(pytester):
+                # Initial file is created test_something.py.
+                pytester.makepyfile("foobar")
+                # To create multiple files, pass kwargs accordingly.
+                pytester.makepyfile(custom="foobar")
+                # At this point, both 'test_something.py' & 'custom.py' exist in the test directory.
+
+        """
+        return self._makefile(".py", args, kwargs)
+
+    def maketxtfile(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Path:
+        r"""Shortcut for .makefile() with a .txt extension.
+
+        Defaults to the test name with a '.txt' extension, e.g test_foobar.txt, overwriting
+        existing files.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            def test_something(pytester):
+                # Initial file is created test_something.txt.
+                pytester.maketxtfile("foobar")
+                # To create multiple files, pass kwargs accordingly.
+                pytester.maketxtfile(custom="foobar")
+                # At this point, both 'test_something.txt' & 'custom.txt' exist in the test directory.
+
+        """
+        return self._makefile(".txt", args, kwargs)
+
+    def syspathinsert(self, path: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Prepend a directory to sys.path, defaults to :attr:`path`.
+
+        This is undone automatically when this object dies at the end of each
+        test.
+
+        :param path:
+            The path.
+        """
+        if path is None:
+            path = self.path
+
+        self._monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(path))
+
+    def mkdir(self, name: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+        """Create a new (sub)directory.
+
+        :param name:
+            The name of the directory, relative to the pytester path.
+        :returns:
+            The created directory.
+        :rtype: pathlib.Path
+        """
+        p = self.path / name
+        p.mkdir()
+        return p
+
+    def mkpydir(self, name: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+        """Create a new python package.
+
+        This creates a (sub)directory with an empty ``__init__.py`` file so it
+        gets recognised as a Python package.
+        """
+        p = self.path / name
+        p.mkdir()
+        p.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
+        return p
+
+    def copy_example(self, name: str | None = None) -> Path:
+        """Copy file from project's directory into the testdir.
+
+        :param name:
+            The name of the file to copy.
+        :return:
+            Path to the copied directory (inside ``self.path``).
+        :rtype: pathlib.Path
+        """
+        example_dir_ = self._request.config.getini("pytester_example_dir")
+        if example_dir_ is None:
+            raise ValueError("pytester_example_dir is unset, can't copy examples")
+        example_dir: Path = self._request.config.rootpath / example_dir_
+
+        for extra_element in self._request.node.iter_markers("pytester_example_path"):
+            assert extra_element.args
+            example_dir = example_dir.joinpath(*extra_element.args)
+
+        if name is None:
+            func_name = self._name
+            maybe_dir = example_dir / func_name
+            maybe_file = example_dir / (func_name + ".py")
+
+            if maybe_dir.is_dir():
+                example_path = maybe_dir
+            elif maybe_file.is_file():
+                example_path = maybe_file
+            else:
+                raise LookupError(
+                    f"{func_name} can't be found as module or package in {example_dir}"
+                )
+        else:
+            example_path = example_dir.joinpath(name)
+
+        if example_path.is_dir() and not example_path.joinpath("__init__.py").is_file():
+            shutil.copytree(example_path, self.path, symlinks=True, dirs_exist_ok=True)
+            return self.path
+        elif example_path.is_file():
+            result = self.path.joinpath(example_path.name)
+            shutil.copy(example_path, result)
+            return result
+        else:
+            raise LookupError(
+                f'example "{example_path}" is not found as a file or directory'
+            )
+
+    def getnode(self, config: Config, arg: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Collector | Item:
+        """Get the collection node of a file.
+
+        :param config:
+           A pytest config.
+           See :py:meth:`parseconfig` and :py:meth:`parseconfigure` for creating it.
+        :param arg:
+            Path to the file.
+        :returns:
+            The node.
+        """
+        session = Session.from_config(config)
+        assert "::" not in str(arg)
+        p = Path(os.path.abspath(arg))
+        config.hook.pytest_sessionstart(session=session)
+        res = session.perform_collect([str(p)], genitems=False)[0]
+        config.hook.pytest_sessionfinish(session=session, exitstatus=ExitCode.OK)
+        return res
+
+    def getpathnode(self, path: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Collector | Item:
+        """Return the collection node of a file.
+
+        This is like :py:meth:`getnode` but uses :py:meth:`parseconfigure` to
+        create the (configured) pytest Config instance.
+
+        :param path:
+            Path to the file.
+        :returns:
+            The node.
+        """
+        path = Path(path)
+        config = self.parseconfigure(path)
+        session = Session.from_config(config)
+        x = bestrelpath(session.path, path)
+        config.hook.pytest_sessionstart(session=session)
+        res = session.perform_collect([x], genitems=False)[0]
+        config.hook.pytest_sessionfinish(session=session, exitstatus=ExitCode.OK)
+        return res
+
+    def genitems(self, colitems: Sequence[Item | Collector]) -> list[Item]:
+        """Generate all test items from a collection node.
+
+        This recurses into the collection node and returns a list of all the
+        test items contained within.
+
+        :param colitems:
+            The collection nodes.
+        :returns:
+            The collected items.
+        """
+        session = colitems[0].session
+        result: list[Item] = []
+        for colitem in colitems:
+            result.extend(session.genitems(colitem))
+        return result
+
+    def runitem(self, source: str) -> Any:
+        """Run the "test_func" Item.
+
+        The calling test instance (class containing the test method) must
+        provide a ``.getrunner()`` method which should return a runner which
+        can run the test protocol for a single item, e.g.
+        ``_pytest.runner.runtestprotocol``.
+        """
+        # used from runner functional tests
+        item = self.getitem(source)
+        # the test class where we are called from wants to provide the runner
+        testclassinstance = self._request.instance
+        runner = testclassinstance.getrunner()
+        return runner(item)
+
+    def inline_runsource(self, source: str, *cmdlineargs) -> HookRecorder:
+        """Run a test module in process using ``pytest.main()``.
+
+        This run writes "source" into a temporary file and runs
+        ``pytest.main()`` on it, returning a :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance
+        for the result.
+
+        :param source: The source code of the test module.
+        :param cmdlineargs: Any extra command line arguments to use.
+        """
+        p = self.makepyfile(source)
+        values = [*list(cmdlineargs), p]
+        return self.inline_run(*values)
+
+    def inline_genitems(self, *args) -> tuple[list[Item], HookRecorder]:
+        """Run ``pytest.main(['--collect-only'])`` in-process.
+
+        Runs the :py:func:`pytest.main` function to run all of pytest inside
+        the test process itself like :py:meth:`inline_run`, but returns a
+        tuple of the collected items and a :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance.
+        """
+        rec = self.inline_run("--collect-only", *args)
+        items = [x.item for x in rec.getcalls("pytest_itemcollected")]
+        return items, rec
+
+    def inline_run(
+        self,
+        *args: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        plugins=(),
+        no_reraise_ctrlc: bool = False,
+    ) -> HookRecorder:
+        """Run ``pytest.main()`` in-process, returning a HookRecorder.
+
+        Runs the :py:func:`pytest.main` function to run all of pytest inside
+        the test process itself.  This means it can return a
+        :py:class:`HookRecorder` instance which gives more detailed results
+        from that run than can be done by matching stdout/stderr from
+        :py:meth:`runpytest`.
+
+        :param args:
+            Command line arguments to pass to :py:func:`pytest.main`.
+        :param plugins:
+            Extra plugin instances the ``pytest.main()`` instance should use.
+        :param no_reraise_ctrlc:
+            Typically we reraise keyboard interrupts from the child run. If
+            True, the KeyboardInterrupt exception is captured.
+        """
+        from _pytest.unraisableexception import gc_collect_iterations_key
+
+        # (maybe a cpython bug?) the importlib cache sometimes isn't updated
+        # properly between file creation and inline_run (especially if imports
+        # are interspersed with file creation)
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()
+
+        plugins = list(plugins)
+        finalizers = []
+        try:
+            # Any sys.module or sys.path changes done while running pytest
+            # inline should be reverted after the test run completes to avoid
+            # clashing with later inline tests run within the same pytest test,
+            # e.g. just because they use matching test module names.
+            finalizers.append(self.__take_sys_modules_snapshot().restore)
+            finalizers.append(SysPathsSnapshot().restore)
+
+            # Important note:
+            # - our tests should not leave any other references/registrations
+            #   laying around other than possibly loaded test modules
+            #   referenced from sys.modules, as nothing will clean those up
+            #   automatically
+
+            rec = []
+
+            class PytesterHelperPlugin:
+                @staticmethod
+                def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
+                    rec.append(self.make_hook_recorder(config.pluginmanager))
+
+                    # The unraisable plugin GC collect slows down inline
+                    # pytester runs too much.
+                    config.stash[gc_collect_iterations_key] = 0
+
+            plugins.append(PytesterHelperPlugin())
+            ret = main([str(x) for x in args], plugins=plugins)
+            if len(rec) == 1:
+                reprec = rec.pop()
+            else:
+
+                class reprec:  # type: ignore
+                    pass
+
+            reprec.ret = ret
+
+            # Typically we reraise keyboard interrupts from the child run
+            # because it's our user requesting interruption of the testing.
+            if ret == ExitCode.INTERRUPTED and not no_reraise_ctrlc:
+                calls = reprec.getcalls("pytest_keyboard_interrupt")
+                if calls and calls[-1].excinfo.type == KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+            return reprec
+        finally:
+            for finalizer in finalizers:
+                finalizer()
+
+    def runpytest_inprocess(
+        self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> RunResult:
+        """Return result of running pytest in-process, providing a similar
+        interface to what self.runpytest() provides."""
+        syspathinsert = kwargs.pop("syspathinsert", False)
+
+        if syspathinsert:
+            self.syspathinsert()
+        instant = timing.Instant()
+        capture = _get_multicapture("sys")
+        capture.start_capturing()
+        try:
+            try:
+                reprec = self.inline_run(*args, **kwargs)
+            except SystemExit as e:
+                ret = e.args[0]
+                try:
+                    ret = ExitCode(e.args[0])
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+
+                class reprec:  # type: ignore
+                    ret = ret
+
+            except Exception:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+
+                class reprec:  # type: ignore
+                    ret = ExitCode(3)
+
+        finally:
+            out, err = capture.readouterr()
+            capture.stop_capturing()
+            sys.stdout.write(out)
+            sys.stderr.write(err)
+
+        assert reprec.ret is not None
+        res = RunResult(
+            reprec.ret, out.splitlines(), err.splitlines(), instant.elapsed().seconds
+        )
+        res.reprec = reprec  # type: ignore
+        return res
+
+    def runpytest(self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str], **kwargs: Any) -> RunResult:
+        """Run pytest inline or in a subprocess, depending on the command line
+        option "--runpytest" and return a :py:class:`~pytest.RunResult`."""
+        new_args = self._ensure_basetemp(args)
+        if self._method == "inprocess":
+            return self.runpytest_inprocess(*new_args, **kwargs)
+        elif self._method == "subprocess":
+            return self.runpytest_subprocess(*new_args, **kwargs)
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Unrecognized runpytest option: {self._method}")
+
+    def _ensure_basetemp(
+        self, args: Sequence[str | os.PathLike[str]]
+    ) -> list[str | os.PathLike[str]]:
+        new_args = list(args)
+        for x in new_args:
+            if str(x).startswith("--basetemp"):
+                break
+        else:
+            new_args.append(
+                "--basetemp={}".format(self.path.parent.joinpath("basetemp"))
+            )
+        return new_args
+
+    def parseconfig(self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Config:
+        """Return a new pytest :class:`pytest.Config` instance from given
+        commandline args.
+
+        This invokes the pytest bootstrapping code in _pytest.config to create a
+        new :py:class:`pytest.PytestPluginManager` and call the
+        :hook:`pytest_cmdline_parse` hook to create a new :class:`pytest.Config`
+        instance.
+
+        If :attr:`plugins` has been populated they should be plugin modules
+        to be registered with the plugin manager.
+        """
+        import _pytest.config
+
+        new_args = [str(x) for x in self._ensure_basetemp(args)]
+
+        config = _pytest.config._prepareconfig(new_args, self.plugins)
+        # we don't know what the test will do with this half-setup config
+        # object and thus we make sure it gets unconfigured properly in any
+        # case (otherwise capturing could still be active, for example)
+        self._request.addfinalizer(config._ensure_unconfigure)
+        return config
+
+    def parseconfigure(self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Config:
+        """Return a new pytest configured Config instance.
+
+        Returns a new :py:class:`pytest.Config` instance like
+        :py:meth:`parseconfig`, but also calls the :hook:`pytest_configure`
+        hook.
+        """
+        config = self.parseconfig(*args)
+        config._do_configure()
+        return config
+
+    def getitem(
+        self, source: str | os.PathLike[str], funcname: str = "test_func"
+    ) -> Item:
+        """Return the test item for a test function.
+
+        Writes the source to a python file and runs pytest's collection on
+        the resulting module, returning the test item for the requested
+        function name.
+
+        :param source:
+            The module source.
+        :param funcname:
+            The name of the test function for which to return a test item.
+        :returns:
+            The test item.
+        """
+        items = self.getitems(source)
+        for item in items:
+            if item.name == funcname:
+                return item
+        assert 0, f"{funcname!r} item not found in module:\n{source}\nitems: {items}"
+
+    def getitems(self, source: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> list[Item]:
+        """Return all test items collected from the module.
+
+        Writes the source to a Python file and runs pytest's collection on
+        the resulting module, returning all test items contained within.
+        """
+        modcol = self.getmodulecol(source)
+        return self.genitems([modcol])
+
+    def getmodulecol(
+        self,
+        source: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        configargs=(),
+        *,
+        withinit: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Return the module collection node for ``source``.
+
+        Writes ``source`` to a file using :py:meth:`makepyfile` and then
+        runs the pytest collection on it, returning the collection node for the
+        test module.
+
+        :param source:
+            The source code of the module to collect.
+
+        :param configargs:
+            Any extra arguments to pass to :py:meth:`parseconfigure`.
+
+        :param withinit:
+            Whether to also write an ``__init__.py`` file to the same
+            directory to ensure it is a package.
+        """
+        if isinstance(source, os.PathLike):
+            path = self.path.joinpath(source)
+            assert not withinit, "not supported for paths"
+        else:
+            kw = {self._name: str(source)}
+            path = self.makepyfile(**kw)
+        if withinit:
+            self.makepyfile(__init__="#")
+        self.config = config = self.parseconfigure(path, *configargs)
+        return self.getnode(config, path)
+
+    def collect_by_name(self, modcol: Collector, name: str) -> Item | Collector | None:
+        """Return the collection node for name from the module collection.
+
+        Searches a module collection node for a collection node matching the
+        given name.
+
+        :param modcol: A module collection node; see :py:meth:`getmodulecol`.
+        :param name: The name of the node to return.
+        """
+        if modcol not in self._mod_collections:
+            self._mod_collections[modcol] = list(modcol.collect())
+        for colitem in self._mod_collections[modcol]:
+            if colitem.name == name:
+                return colitem
+        return None
+
+    def popen(
+        self,
+        cmdargs: Sequence[str | os.PathLike[str]],
+        stdout: int | TextIO = subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr: int | TextIO = subprocess.PIPE,
+        stdin: NotSetType | bytes | IO[Any] | int = CLOSE_STDIN,
+        **kw,
+    ):
+        """Invoke :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+
+        Calls :py:class:`subprocess.Popen` making sure the current working
+        directory is in ``PYTHONPATH``.
+
+        You probably want to use :py:meth:`run` instead.
+        """
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONPATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+            filter(None, [os.getcwd(), env.get("PYTHONPATH", "")])
+        )
+        kw["env"] = env
+
+        if stdin is self.CLOSE_STDIN:
+            kw["stdin"] = subprocess.PIPE
+        elif isinstance(stdin, bytes):
+            kw["stdin"] = subprocess.PIPE
+        else:
+            kw["stdin"] = stdin
+
+        popen = subprocess.Popen(cmdargs, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, **kw)
+        if stdin is self.CLOSE_STDIN:
+            assert popen.stdin is not None
+            popen.stdin.close()
+        elif isinstance(stdin, bytes):
+            assert popen.stdin is not None
+            popen.stdin.write(stdin)
+
+        return popen
+
+    def run(
+        self,
+        *cmdargs: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        stdin: NotSetType | bytes | IO[Any] | int = CLOSE_STDIN,
+    ) -> RunResult:
+        """Run a command with arguments.
+
+        Run a process using :py:class:`subprocess.Popen` saving the stdout and
+        stderr.
+
+        :param cmdargs:
+            The sequence of arguments to pass to :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`,
+            with path-like objects being converted to :py:class:`str`
+            automatically.
+        :param timeout:
+            The period in seconds after which to timeout and raise
+            :py:class:`Pytester.TimeoutExpired`.
+        :param stdin:
+            Optional standard input.
+
+            - If it is ``CLOSE_STDIN`` (Default), then this method calls
+              :py:class:`subprocess.Popen` with ``stdin=subprocess.PIPE``, and
+              the standard input is closed immediately after the new command is
+              started.
+
+            - If it is of type :py:class:`bytes`, these bytes are sent to the
+              standard input of the command.
+
+            - Otherwise, it is passed through to :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+              For further information in this case, consult the document of the
+              ``stdin`` parameter in :py:class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        :type stdin: _pytest.compat.NotSetType | bytes | IO[Any] | int
+        :returns:
+            The result.
+
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        cmdargs = tuple(os.fspath(arg) for arg in cmdargs)
+        p1 = self.path.joinpath("stdout")
+        p2 = self.path.joinpath("stderr")
+        print("running:", *cmdargs)
+        print("     in:", Path.cwd())
+
+        with p1.open("w", encoding="utf8") as f1, p2.open("w", encoding="utf8") as f2:
+            instant = timing.Instant()
+            popen = self.popen(
+                cmdargs,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=f1,
+                stderr=f2,
+            )
+            if popen.stdin is not None:
+                popen.stdin.close()
+
+            def handle_timeout() -> None:
+                __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+                timeout_message = f"{timeout} second timeout expired running: {cmdargs}"
+
+                popen.kill()
+                popen.wait()
+                raise self.TimeoutExpired(timeout_message)
+
+            if timeout is None:
+                ret = popen.wait()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    ret = popen.wait(timeout)
+                except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+                    handle_timeout()
+            f1.flush()
+            f2.flush()
+
+        with p1.open(encoding="utf8") as f1, p2.open(encoding="utf8") as f2:
+            out = f1.read().splitlines()
+            err = f2.read().splitlines()
+
+        self._dump_lines(out, sys.stdout)
+        self._dump_lines(err, sys.stderr)
+
+        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
+            ret = ExitCode(ret)
+        return RunResult(ret, out, err, instant.elapsed().seconds)
+
+    def _dump_lines(self, lines, fp):
+        try:
+            for line in lines:
+                print(line, file=fp)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            print(f"couldn't print to {fp} because of encoding")
+
+    def _getpytestargs(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        return sys.executable, "-mpytest"
+
+    def runpython(self, script: os.PathLike[str]) -> RunResult:
+        """Run a python script using sys.executable as interpreter."""
+        return self.run(sys.executable, script)
+
+    def runpython_c(self, command: str) -> RunResult:
+        """Run ``python -c "command"``."""
+        return self.run(sys.executable, "-c", command)
+
+    def runpytest_subprocess(
+        self, *args: str | os.PathLike[str], timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> RunResult:
+        """Run pytest as a subprocess with given arguments.
+
+        Any plugins added to the :py:attr:`plugins` list will be added using the
+        ``-p`` command line option.  Additionally ``--basetemp`` is used to put
+        any temporary files and directories in a numbered directory prefixed
+        with "runpytest-" to not conflict with the normal numbered pytest
+        location for temporary files and directories.
+
+        :param args:
+            The sequence of arguments to pass to the pytest subprocess.
+        :param timeout:
+            The period in seconds after which to timeout and raise
+            :py:class:`Pytester.TimeoutExpired`.
+        :returns:
+            The result.
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        p = make_numbered_dir(root=self.path, prefix="runpytest-", mode=0o700)
+        args = (f"--basetemp={p}", *args)
+        for plugin in self.plugins:
+            if not isinstance(plugin, str):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Specifying plugins as objects is not supported in pytester subprocess mode; "
+                    f"specify by name instead: {plugin}"
+                )
+            args = ("-p", plugin, *args)
+        args = self._getpytestargs() + args
+        return self.run(*args, timeout=timeout)
+
+    def spawn_pytest(self, string: str, expect_timeout: float = 10.0) -> pexpect.spawn:
+        """Run pytest using pexpect.
+
+        This makes sure to use the right pytest and sets up the temporary
+        directory locations.
+
+        The pexpect child is returned.
+        """
+        basetemp = self.path / "temp-pexpect"
+        basetemp.mkdir(mode=0o700)
+        invoke = " ".join(map(str, self._getpytestargs()))
+        cmd = f"{invoke} --basetemp={basetemp} {string}"
+        return self.spawn(cmd, expect_timeout=expect_timeout)
+
+    def spawn(self, cmd: str, expect_timeout: float = 10.0) -> pexpect.spawn:
+        """Run a command using pexpect.
+
+        The pexpect child is returned.
+        """
+        pexpect = importorskip("pexpect", "3.0")
+        if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info") and "64" in platform.machine():
+            skip("pypy-64 bit not supported")
+        if not hasattr(pexpect, "spawn"):
+            skip("pexpect.spawn not available")
+        logfile = self.path.joinpath("spawn.out").open("wb")
+
+        child = pexpect.spawn(cmd, logfile=logfile, timeout=expect_timeout)
+        self._request.addfinalizer(logfile.close)
+        return child
+
+
+class LineComp:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.stringio = StringIO()
+        """:class:`python:io.StringIO()` instance used for input."""
+
+    def assert_contains_lines(self, lines2: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+        """Assert that ``lines2`` are contained (linearly) in :attr:`stringio`'s value.
+
+        Lines are matched using :func:`LineMatcher.fnmatch_lines <pytest.LineMatcher.fnmatch_lines>`.
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        val = self.stringio.getvalue()
+        self.stringio.truncate(0)
+        self.stringio.seek(0)
+        lines1 = val.split("\n")
+        LineMatcher(lines1).fnmatch_lines(lines2)
+
+
+class LineMatcher:
+    """Flexible matching of text.
+
+    This is a convenience class to test large texts like the output of
+    commands.
+
+    The constructor takes a list of lines without their trailing newlines, i.e.
+    ``text.splitlines()``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: list[str]) -> None:
+        self.lines = lines
+        self._log_output: list[str] = []
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return the entire original text.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 6.2
+            You can use :meth:`str` in older versions.
+        """
+        return "\n".join(self.lines)
+
+    def _getlines(self, lines2: str | Sequence[str] | Source) -> Sequence[str]:
+        if isinstance(lines2, str):
+            lines2 = Source(lines2)
+        if isinstance(lines2, Source):
+            lines2 = lines2.strip().lines
+        return lines2
+
+    def fnmatch_lines_random(self, lines2: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+        """Check lines exist in the output in any order (using :func:`python:fnmatch.fnmatch`)."""
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        self._match_lines_random(lines2, fnmatch)
+
+    def re_match_lines_random(self, lines2: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+        """Check lines exist in the output in any order (using :func:`python:re.match`)."""
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        self._match_lines_random(lines2, lambda name, pat: bool(re.match(pat, name)))
+
+    def _match_lines_random(
+        self, lines2: Sequence[str], match_func: Callable[[str, str], bool]
+    ) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        lines2 = self._getlines(lines2)
+        for line in lines2:
+            for x in self.lines:
+                if line == x or match_func(x, line):
+                    self._log("matched: ", repr(line))
+                    break
+            else:
+                msg = f"line {line!r} not found in output"
+                self._log(msg)
+                self._fail(msg)
+
+    def get_lines_after(self, fnline: str) -> Sequence[str]:
+        """Return all lines following the given line in the text.
+
+        The given line can contain glob wildcards.
+        """
+        for i, line in enumerate(self.lines):
+            if fnline == line or fnmatch(line, fnline):
+                return self.lines[i + 1 :]
+        raise ValueError(f"line {fnline!r} not found in output")
+
+    def _log(self, *args) -> None:
+        self._log_output.append(" ".join(str(x) for x in args))
+
+    @property
+    def _log_text(self) -> str:
+        return "\n".join(self._log_output)
+
+    def fnmatch_lines(
+        self, lines2: Sequence[str], *, consecutive: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Check lines exist in the output (using :func:`python:fnmatch.fnmatch`).
+
+        The argument is a list of lines which have to match and can use glob
+        wildcards.  If they do not match a pytest.fail() is called.  The
+        matches and non-matches are also shown as part of the error message.
+
+        :param lines2: String patterns to match.
+        :param consecutive: Match lines consecutively?
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        self._match_lines(lines2, fnmatch, "fnmatch", consecutive=consecutive)
+
+    def re_match_lines(
+        self, lines2: Sequence[str], *, consecutive: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Check lines exist in the output (using :func:`python:re.match`).
+
+        The argument is a list of lines which have to match using ``re.match``.
+        If they do not match a pytest.fail() is called.
+
+        The matches and non-matches are also shown as part of the error message.
+
+        :param lines2: string patterns to match.
+        :param consecutive: match lines consecutively?
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        self._match_lines(
+            lines2,
+            lambda name, pat: bool(re.match(pat, name)),
+            "re.match",
+            consecutive=consecutive,
+        )
+
+    def _match_lines(
+        self,
+        lines2: Sequence[str],
+        match_func: Callable[[str, str], bool],
+        match_nickname: str,
+        *,
+        consecutive: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Underlying implementation of ``fnmatch_lines`` and ``re_match_lines``.
+
+        :param Sequence[str] lines2:
+            List of string patterns to match. The actual format depends on
+            ``match_func``.
+        :param match_func:
+            A callable ``match_func(line, pattern)`` where line is the
+            captured line from stdout/stderr and pattern is the matching
+            pattern.
+        :param str match_nickname:
+            The nickname for the match function that will be logged to stdout
+            when a match occurs.
+        :param consecutive:
+            Match lines consecutively?
+        """
+        if not isinstance(lines2, collections.abc.Sequence):
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid type for lines2: {type(lines2).__name__}")
+        lines2 = self._getlines(lines2)
+        lines1 = self.lines[:]
+        extralines = []
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        wnick = len(match_nickname) + 1
+        started = False
+        for line in lines2:
+            nomatchprinted = False
+            while lines1:
+                nextline = lines1.pop(0)
+                if line == nextline:
+                    self._log("exact match:", repr(line))
+                    started = True
+                    break
+                elif match_func(nextline, line):
+                    self._log(f"{match_nickname}:", repr(line))
+                    self._log(
+                        "{:>{width}}".format("with:", width=wnick), repr(nextline)
+                    )
+                    started = True
+                    break
+                else:
+                    if consecutive and started:
+                        msg = f"no consecutive match: {line!r}"
+                        self._log(msg)
+                        self._log(
+                            "{:>{width}}".format("with:", width=wnick), repr(nextline)
+                        )
+                        self._fail(msg)
+                    if not nomatchprinted:
+                        self._log(
+                            "{:>{width}}".format("nomatch:", width=wnick), repr(line)
+                        )
+                        nomatchprinted = True
+                    self._log("{:>{width}}".format("and:", width=wnick), repr(nextline))
+                extralines.append(nextline)
+            else:
+                msg = f"remains unmatched: {line!r}"
+                self._log(msg)
+                self._fail(msg)
+        self._log_output = []
+
+    def no_fnmatch_line(self, pat: str) -> None:
+        """Ensure captured lines do not match the given pattern, using ``fnmatch.fnmatch``.
+
+        :param str pat: The pattern to match lines.
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        self._no_match_line(pat, fnmatch, "fnmatch")
+
+    def no_re_match_line(self, pat: str) -> None:
+        """Ensure captured lines do not match the given pattern, using ``re.match``.
+
+        :param str pat: The regular expression to match lines.
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        self._no_match_line(
+            pat, lambda name, pat: bool(re.match(pat, name)), "re.match"
+        )
+
+    def _no_match_line(
+        self, pat: str, match_func: Callable[[str, str], bool], match_nickname: str
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure captured lines does not have a the given pattern, using ``fnmatch.fnmatch``.
+
+        :param str pat: The pattern to match lines.
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        nomatch_printed = False
+        wnick = len(match_nickname) + 1
+        for line in self.lines:
+            if match_func(line, pat):
+                msg = f"{match_nickname}: {pat!r}"
+                self._log(msg)
+                self._log("{:>{width}}".format("with:", width=wnick), repr(line))
+                self._fail(msg)
+            else:
+                if not nomatch_printed:
+                    self._log("{:>{width}}".format("nomatch:", width=wnick), repr(pat))
+                    nomatch_printed = True
+                self._log("{:>{width}}".format("and:", width=wnick), repr(line))
+        self._log_output = []
+
+    def _fail(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        log_text = self._log_text
+        self._log_output = []
+        fail(log_text)
+
+    def str(self) -> str:
+        """Return the entire original text."""
+        return str(self)