prefab 0.4.7__py3-none-any.whl → 1.1.8__py3-none-any.whl

prefab/shapes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+"""Contains functions for creating various shapes as Device objects."""
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+import numpy as np
+from skimage.draw import polygon
+
+from .device import Device
+
+
+def rectangle(width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, **kwargs) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a rectangular shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The width of the rectangle. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The height of the rectangle. Defaults to the value of width if None.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the rectangular shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    rectangle = np.ones((height, width))
+    return Device(device_array=rectangle, **kwargs)
+
+
+def window(
+    width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, border_width: int = 60, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a window shape (hollow rectangle).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width of the window. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The overall height of the window. Defaults to the value of width.
+    border_width : int
+        The width of the window border. Defaults to 60.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the window shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    window = np.zeros((height, width))
+    window[:border_width, :] = 1
+    window[-border_width:, :] = 1
+    window[:, :border_width] = 1
+    window[:, -border_width:] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=window, **kwargs)
+
+
+def cross(
+    width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, arm_width: int = 60, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a cross shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width of the cross. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The overall height of the cross. Defaults to the value of width.
+    arm_width : int
+        The width of the cross arms. Defaults to 60.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the cross shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    cross = np.zeros((height, width))
+    center_x = width // 2
+    center_y = height // 2
+    half_arm_width = arm_width // 2
+    cross[center_y - half_arm_width : center_y + half_arm_width + 1, :] = 1
+    cross[:, center_x - half_arm_width : center_x + half_arm_width + 1] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=cross, **kwargs)
+
+
+def target(
+    width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, arm_width: int = 60, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a target shape (cross with center removed).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width of the target. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The overall height of the target. Defaults to the value of width.
+    arm_width : int
+        The width of the target arms. Defaults to 60.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the target shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    target = np.zeros((height, width))
+    center_x = width // 2
+    center_y = height // 2
+    half_arm_width = arm_width // 2
+    target[center_y - half_arm_width : center_y + half_arm_width + 1, :] = 1
+    target[:, center_x - half_arm_width : center_x + half_arm_width + 1] = 1
+    target[
+        center_y - half_arm_width : center_y + half_arm_width + 1,
+        center_x - half_arm_width : center_x + half_arm_width + 1,
+    ] = 0
+    return Device(device_array=target, **kwargs)
+
+
+def disk(width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, **kwargs) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with an elliptical shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The width of the ellipse. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The height of the ellipse. Defaults to the value of width.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the elliptical shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    radius_x = width // 2
+    radius_y = height // 2
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-radius_y:radius_y, -radius_x:radius_x]
+    mask = (x**2 / radius_x**2) + (y**2 / radius_y**2) <= 1
+    ellipse = np.zeros((height, width))
+    ellipse[mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=ellipse, **kwargs)
+
+
+def ring(
+    width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, border_width: int = 60, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a ring shape (hollow ellipse).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width of the ring. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The overall height of the ring. Defaults to the value of width.
+    border_width : int
+        The width of the ring border. Defaults to 60.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the ring shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    radius_x = width // 2
+    radius_y = height // 2
+    inner_radius_x = radius_x - border_width
+    inner_radius_y = radius_y - border_width
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-radius_y:radius_y, -radius_x:radius_x]
+    outer_mask = x**2 / radius_x**2 + y**2 / radius_y**2 <= 1
+    inner_mask = x**2 / inner_radius_x**2 + y**2 / inner_radius_y**2 <= 1
+    ring = np.zeros((height, width))
+    ring[outer_mask & ~inner_mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=ring, **kwargs)
+
+
+def disk_wavy(
+    width: int = 200, wave_amplitude: float = 10, wave_frequency: float = 10, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a circular shape with wavy edges.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width and height of the wavy circle. Defaults to 200.
+    wave_amplitude : float
+        The amplitude of the waves. Defaults to 10.
+    wave_frequency : float
+        The frequency of the waves. Defaults to 10.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the wavy circular shape.
+    """
+    effective_radius = (width // 2) - wave_amplitude
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-width // 2 : width // 2, -width // 2 : width // 2]
+    distance_from_center = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
+    sinusoidal_boundary = effective_radius + wave_amplitude * np.sin(
+        wave_frequency * np.arctan2(y, x)
+    )
+    mask = distance_from_center <= sinusoidal_boundary
+    circle_wavy = np.zeros((width, width))
+    circle_wavy[mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=circle_wavy, **kwargs)
+
+
+def pie(
+    width: int = 200, height: Optional[int] = None, arc_angle: float = 270, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a pie shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The width of the pie. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The height of the pie. Defaults to the value of width.
+    arc_angle : float
+        The angle of the pie slice in degrees. Defaults to 270.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the pie shape.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    radius_x = width // 2
+    radius_y = height // 2
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-radius_y:radius_y, -radius_x:radius_x]
+    angle = np.arctan2(y, x) * 180 / np.pi
+    angle = (angle + 360) % 360
+    mask = (x**2 / radius_x**2 + y**2 / radius_y**2 <= 1) & (angle <= arc_angle)
+    pie = np.zeros((height, width))
+    pie[mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=pie, **kwargs)
+
+
+def grating(
+    height: int = 200,
+    pitch: int = 120,
+    duty_cycle: float = 0.5,
+    num_gratings: int = 3,
+    **kwargs,
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a grating pattern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    height : int
+        The height of the grating. Defaults to 200.
+    pitch : int
+        The pitch (period) of the grating. Defaults to 120.
+    duty_cycle : float
+        The duty cycle of the grating. Defaults to 0.5.
+    num_gratings : int
+        The number of grating periods. Defaults to 3.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the grating pattern.
+    """
+    width = pitch * num_gratings - pitch // 2
+    grating = np.zeros((height, width))
+    grating_width = int(pitch * duty_cycle)
+    for i in range(num_gratings):
+        start = i * pitch
+        grating[:, start : start + grating_width] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=grating, **kwargs)
+
+
+def star(width: int = 200, num_points: int = 5, **kwargs) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a star shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width and height of the star. Defaults to 200.
+    num_points : int
+        The number of points on the star. Defaults to 5.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the star shape.
+    """
+    radius_outer = width // 2
+    radius_inner = radius_outer // 2
+    angles_outer = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, num_points, endpoint=False) - np.pi / 2
+    angles_inner = angles_outer + np.pi / num_points
+    x_outer = (radius_outer * np.cos(angles_outer) + radius_outer).astype(int)
+    y_outer = (radius_outer * np.sin(angles_outer) + radius_outer).astype(int)
+    x_inner = (radius_inner * np.cos(angles_inner) + radius_outer).astype(int)
+    y_inner = (radius_inner * np.sin(angles_inner) + radius_outer).astype(int)
+    x = np.empty(2 * num_points, dtype=int)
+    y = np.empty(2 * num_points, dtype=int)
+    x[0::2] = x_outer
+    x[1::2] = x_inner
+    y[0::2] = y_outer
+    y[1::2] = y_inner
+    star = np.zeros((width, width))
+    rr, cc = polygon(y, x)
+    rr = np.clip(rr, 0, width - 1)
+    cc = np.clip(cc, 0, width - 1)
+    star[rr, cc] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=star, **kwargs)
+
+
+def poly(width: int = 200, num_points: int = 5, **kwargs) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a regular polygon shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width and height of the polygon. Defaults to 200.
+    num_points : int
+        The number of sides of the polygon. Defaults to 5.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the regular polygon shape.
+    """
+    radius = width // 2
+    angles = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, num_points, endpoint=False) - np.pi / 2
+    x = (radius * np.cos(angles) + radius).astype(int)
+    y = (radius * np.sin(angles) + radius).astype(int)
+    poly = np.zeros((width, width))
+    rr, cc = polygon(y, x)
+    rr = np.clip(rr, 0, width - 1)
+    cc = np.clip(cc, 0, width - 1)
+    poly[rr, cc] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=poly, **kwargs)
+
+
+def radial_grating(
+    width: int = 200, grating_skew: int = 0, num_gratings: int = 6, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a radial grating pattern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The overall width and height of the radial grating. Defaults to 200.
+    grating_skew : int
+        The skew angle of the grating arms. Defaults to 0.
+    num_gratings : int
+        The number of grating arms. Defaults to 6.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the radial grating pattern.
+    """
+    radial_grating = np.zeros((width, width))
+    center = width // 2
+    radius = center
+    theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, num_gratings, endpoint=False)
+    for angle in theta:
+        x0, y0 = center, center
+        x1 = int(center + radius * np.cos(angle))
+        y1 = int(center + radius * np.sin(angle))
+        x2 = int(
+            center + (radius - grating_skew) * np.cos(angle + np.pi / num_gratings)
+        )
+        y2 = int(
+            center + (radius - grating_skew) * np.sin(angle + np.pi / num_gratings)
+        )
+        rr, cc = polygon([y0, y1, y2], [x0, x1, x2])
+        rr = np.clip(rr, 0, width - 1)
+        cc = np.clip(cc, 0, width - 1)
+        radial_grating[rr, cc] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=radial_grating, **kwargs)
+
+
+def offset_grating(
+    height: int = 200,
+    pitch: int = 120,
+    duty_cycle: float = 0.5,
+    num_gratings: int = 3,
+    **kwargs,
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with an offset grating pattern (alternating rows).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    height : int
+        The height of the grating. Defaults to 200.
+    pitch : int
+        The pitch (period) of the grating. Defaults to 120.
+    duty_cycle : float
+        The duty cycle of the grating. Defaults to 0.5.
+    num_gratings : int
+        The number of grating periods. Defaults to 3.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the offset grating pattern.
+    """
+    width = pitch * num_gratings
+    grating = np.zeros((height, width))
+    grating_width = int(pitch * duty_cycle)
+    half_height = height // 2
+    for i in range(num_gratings):
+        start = i * pitch
+        grating[half_height:, start : start + grating_width] = 1
+    for i in range(num_gratings):
+        start = i * pitch + pitch // 2
+        grating[:half_height, start : start + grating_width] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=grating, **kwargs)
+
+
+def l_grating(
+    width: int = 200,
+    height: Optional[int] = None,
+    pitch: int = 100,
+    duty_cycle: float = 0.5,
+    **kwargs,
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with an L-shaped grating pattern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    width : int
+        The width of the L-grating. Defaults to 200.
+    height : Optional[int]
+        The height of the L-grating. Defaults to the value of width.
+    pitch : int
+        The pitch (period) of the L-shapes. Defaults to 100.
+    duty_cycle : float
+        The duty cycle of the L-shapes. Defaults to 0.5.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing the L-shaped grating pattern.
+    """
+    if height is None:
+        height = width
+    L_grating = np.zeros((height, width))
+    num_L_shapes = min(height, width) // pitch
+    L_width = int(pitch * duty_cycle)
+    for i in range(num_L_shapes):
+        start = i * pitch
+        L_grating[start : start + L_width, start:] = 1
+        L_grating[start:, start : start + L_width] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=L_grating, **kwargs)
+
+
+def disks(
+    rows: int = 5, cols: int = 5, disk_radius: int = 30, spacing: int = 60, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a grid of uniform disks.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    rows : int
+        The number of rows in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    cols : int
+        The number of columns in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    disk_radius : int
+        The radius of each disk. Defaults to 30.
+    spacing : int
+        The spacing between disk centers. Defaults to 60.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing a grid of disks.
+    """
+    grid_height = rows * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    grid_width = cols * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    disks = np.zeros((grid_height, grid_width))
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-disk_radius:disk_radius, -disk_radius:disk_radius]
+    mask = x**2 + y**2 <= disk_radius**2
+    for row in range(rows):
+        for col in range(cols):
+            center_y = row * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) + disk_radius
+            center_x = col * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) + disk_radius
+            disks[
+                center_y - disk_radius : center_y + disk_radius,
+                center_x - disk_radius : center_x + disk_radius,
+            ][mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=disks, **kwargs)
+
+
+def disks_offset(
+    rows: int = 5, cols: int = 5, disk_radius: int = 30, spacing: int = 30, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with an offset grid of disks.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    rows : int
+        The number of rows in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    cols : int
+        The number of columns in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    disk_radius : int
+        The radius of each disk. Defaults to 30.
+    spacing : int
+        The spacing between disk centers. Defaults to 30.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing an offset grid of disks.
+    """
+    grid_height = rows * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    grid_width = (
+        cols * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) - spacing + (disk_radius + spacing // 2)
+    )
+    disks_offset = np.zeros((grid_height, grid_width))
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-disk_radius:disk_radius, -disk_radius:disk_radius]
+    mask = x**2 + y**2 <= disk_radius**2
+    for row in range(rows):
+        for col in range(cols):
+            center_y = row * (2 * disk_radius + spacing) + disk_radius
+            center_x = (
+                col * (2 * disk_radius + spacing)
+                + disk_radius
+                + (disk_radius + spacing // 2 if row % 2 == 1 else 0)
+            )
+            disks_offset[
+                center_y - disk_radius : center_y + disk_radius,
+                center_x - disk_radius : center_x + disk_radius,
+            ][mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=disks_offset, **kwargs)
+
+
+def disks_varying(
+    rows: int = 5,
+    cols: int = 5,
+    min_disk_radius: int = 10,
+    max_disk_radius: int = 30,
+    spacing: int = 30,
+    **kwargs,
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a grid of disks with varying radii.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    rows : int
+        The number of rows in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    cols : int
+        The number of columns in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    min_disk_radius : int
+        The minimum radius of the disks. Defaults to 10.
+    max_disk_radius : int
+        The maximum radius of the disks. Defaults to 30.
+    spacing : int
+        The spacing between disk centers. Defaults to 30.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing a grid of disks with varying radii.
+    """
+    grid_height = rows * (2 * max_disk_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    grid_width = cols * (2 * max_disk_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    disks_varying = np.zeros((grid_height, grid_width))
+    radius_range = np.linspace(min_disk_radius, max_disk_radius, rows * cols).reshape(
+        rows, cols
+    )
+    for row in range(rows):
+        for col in range(cols):
+            disk_radius = int(radius_range[row, col])
+            y, x = np.ogrid[-disk_radius:disk_radius, -disk_radius:disk_radius]
+            mask = x**2 + y**2 <= disk_radius**2
+            center_y = row * (2 * max_disk_radius + spacing) + max_disk_radius
+            center_x = col * (2 * max_disk_radius + spacing) + max_disk_radius
+            disks_varying[
+                center_y - disk_radius : center_y + disk_radius,
+                center_x - disk_radius : center_x + disk_radius,
+            ][mask] = 1
+    return Device(device_array=disks_varying, **kwargs)
+
+
+def holes(
+    rows: int = 5, cols: int = 5, hole_radius: int = 30, spacing: int = 30, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a grid of uniform circular holes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    rows : int
+        The number of rows in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    cols : int
+        The number of columns in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    hole_radius : int
+        The radius of each hole. Defaults to 30.
+    spacing : int
+        The spacing between hole centers. Defaults to 30.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing a grid of circular holes.
+    """
+    grid_height = rows * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    grid_width = cols * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    holes = np.ones((grid_height, grid_width))
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-hole_radius:hole_radius, -hole_radius:hole_radius]
+    mask = x**2 + y**2 <= hole_radius**2
+    for row in range(rows):
+        for col in range(cols):
+            center_y = row * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) + hole_radius
+            center_x = col * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) + hole_radius
+            holes[
+                center_y - hole_radius : center_y + hole_radius,
+                center_x - hole_radius : center_x + hole_radius,
+            ][mask] = 0
+    return Device(device_array=holes, **kwargs)
+
+
+def holes_offset(
+    rows: int = 5, cols: int = 5, hole_radius: int = 30, spacing: int = 30, **kwargs
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with an offset grid of circular holes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    rows : int
+        The number of rows in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    cols : int
+        The number of columns in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    hole_radius : int
+        The radius of each hole. Defaults to 30.
+    spacing : int
+        The spacing between hole centers. Defaults to 30.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing an offset grid of circular holes.
+    """
+    grid_height = rows * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    grid_width = (
+        cols * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) - spacing + (hole_radius + spacing // 2)
+    )
+    holes_offset = np.ones((grid_height, grid_width))
+    y, x = np.ogrid[-hole_radius:hole_radius, -hole_radius:hole_radius]
+    mask = x**2 + y**2 <= hole_radius**2
+    for row in range(rows):
+        for col in range(cols):
+            center_y = row * (2 * hole_radius + spacing) + hole_radius
+            center_x = (
+                col * (2 * hole_radius + spacing)
+                + hole_radius
+                + (hole_radius + spacing // 2 if row % 2 == 1 else 0)
+            )
+            holes_offset[
+                center_y - hole_radius : center_y + hole_radius,
+                center_x - hole_radius : center_x + hole_radius,
+            ][mask] = 0
+    return Device(device_array=holes_offset, **kwargs)
+
+
+def holes_varying(
+    rows: int = 5,
+    cols: int = 5,
+    min_hole_radius: int = 10,
+    max_hole_radius: int = 30,
+    spacing: int = 30,
+    **kwargs,
+) -> Device:
+    """
+    Create a Device object with a grid of circular holes with varying radii.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    rows : int
+        The number of rows in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    cols : int
+        The number of columns in the grid. Defaults to 5.
+    min_hole_radius : int
+        The minimum radius of the holes. Defaults to 10.
+    max_hole_radius : int
+        The maximum radius of the holes. Defaults to 30.
+    spacing : int
+        The spacing between hole centers. Defaults to 30.
+    **kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the Device constructor.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Device
+        A Device object containing a grid of circular holes with varying radii.
+    """
+    grid_height = rows * (2 * max_hole_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    grid_width = cols * (2 * max_hole_radius + spacing) - spacing
+    holes_varying = np.ones((grid_height, grid_width))
+    radius_range = np.linspace(min_hole_radius, max_hole_radius, rows * cols).reshape(
+        rows, cols
+    )
+    for row in range(rows):
+        for col in range(cols):
+            hole_radius = int(radius_range[row, col])
+            y, x = np.ogrid[-hole_radius:hole_radius, -hole_radius:hole_radius]
+            mask = x**2 + y**2 <= hole_radius**2
+            center_y = row * (2 * max_hole_radius + spacing) + max_hole_radius
+            center_x = col * (2 * max_hole_radius + spacing) + max_hole_radius
+            holes_varying[
+                center_y - hole_radius : center_y + hole_radius,
+                center_x - hole_radius : center_x + hole_radius,
+            ][mask] = 0
+    return Device(device_array=holes_varying, **kwargs)