passagemath-standard-no-symbolics 10.6.45__cp313-cp313-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/interfaces/axiom.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1002 @@
+r"""
+Interface to Axiom
+
+.. TODO::
+
+    - Evaluation using a file is not done. Any input line with more than a
+      few thousand characters would hang the system, so currently it
+      automatically raises an exception.
+
+    - All completions of a given command.
+
+    - Interactive help.
+
+Axiom is a free GPL-compatible (modified BSD license) general
+purpose computer algebra system whose development started in 1973
+at IBM. It contains symbolic manipulation algorithms, as well as
+implementations of special functions, including elliptic functions
+and generalized hypergeometric functions. Moreover, Axiom has
+implementations of many functions relating to the invariant theory
+of the symmetric group `S_n.` For many links to Axiom
+documentation see http://wiki.axiom-developer.org.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Bill Page (2006-10): Created this (based on Maxima interface)
+
+
+  .. NOTE::
+
+     Bill Page put a huge amount of effort into the Sage Axiom
+     interface over several days during the Sage Days 2 coding
+     sprint. This is contribution is greatly appreciated.
+
+- William Stein (2006-10): misc touchup.
+
+- Bill Page (2007-08): Minor modifications to support axiom4sage-0.3
+
+.. NOTE::
+
+   The axiom4sage-0.3.spkg is based on an experimental version of the
+   FriCAS fork of the Axiom project by Waldek Hebisch that uses
+   pre-compiled cached Lisp code to build Axiom very quickly with
+   clisp.
+
+If the string "error" (case insensitive) occurs in the output of
+anything from axiom, a :exc:`RuntimeError` exception is raised.
+
+EXAMPLES: We evaluate a very simple expression in axiom.
+
+::
+
+    sage: axiom('3 * 5')                     #optional - axiom
+    15
+    sage: a = axiom(3) * axiom(5); a         #optional - axiom
+    15
+
+The type of a is AxiomElement, i.e., an element of the axiom
+interpreter.
+
+::
+
+    sage: type(a)                            #optional - axiom
+    <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.AxiomElement'>
+    sage: parent(a)                          #optional - axiom
+    Axiom
+
+The underlying Axiom type of a is also available, via the type
+method::
+
+    sage: a.type()                           #optional - axiom
+    PositiveInteger
+
+We factor `x^5 - y^5` in Axiom in several different ways.
+The first way yields a Axiom object.
+
+::
+
+    sage: F = axiom.factor('x^5 - y^5'); F      #optional - axiom
+               4      3    2 2    3     4
+    - (y - x)(y  + x y  + x y  + x y + x )
+    sage: type(F)                               #optional - axiom
+    <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.AxiomElement'>
+    sage: F.type()                              #optional - axiom
+    Factored Polynomial Integer
+
+Note that Axiom objects are normally displayed using "ASCII art".
+
+::
+
+    sage: a = axiom(2/3); a          #optional - axiom
+      2
+      -
+      3
+    sage: a = axiom('x^2 + 3/7'); a      #optional - axiom
+       2   3
+      x  + -
+           7
+
+The ``axiom.eval`` command evaluates an expression in
+axiom and returns the result as a string. This is exact as if we
+typed in the given line of code to axiom; the return value is what
+Axiom would print out.
+
+::
+
+    sage: print(axiom.eval('factor(x^5 - y^5)'))   # optional - axiom
+               4      3    2 2    3     4
+    - (y - x)(y  + x y  + x y  + x y + x )
+    Type: Factored Polynomial Integer
+
+We can create the polynomial `f` as a Axiom polynomial,
+then call the factor method on it. Notice that the notation
+``f.factor()`` is consistent with how the rest of Sage
+works.
+
+::
+
+    sage: f = axiom('x^5 - y^5')                  #optional - axiom
+    sage: f^2                                     #optional - axiom
+       10     5 5    10
+      y   - 2x y  + x
+    sage: f.factor()                              #optional - axiom
+               4      3    2 2    3     4
+    - (y - x)(y  + x y  + x y  + x y + x )
+
+Control-C interruption works well with the axiom interface, because
+of the excellent implementation of axiom. For example, try the
+following sum but with a much bigger range, and hit control-C.
+
+::
+
+    sage:  f = axiom('(x^5 - y^5)^10000')       # not tested
+    Interrupting Axiom...
+    ...
+    <class 'exceptions.TypeError'>: Ctrl-c pressed while running Axiom
+
+::
+
+    sage: axiom('1/100 + 1/101')                  #optional - axiom
+       201
+      -----
+      10100
+    sage: a = axiom('(1 + sqrt(2))^5'); a         #optional - axiom
+         +-+
+      29\|2  + 41
+
+TESTS:
+
+We check to make sure the subst method works with keyword
+arguments.
+
+::
+
+    sage: a = axiom(x+2); a  #optional - axiom
+    x + 2
+    sage: a.subst(x=3)       #optional - axiom
+    5
+
+We verify that Axiom floating point numbers can be converted to
+Python floats.
+
+::
+
+    sage: float(axiom(2))     #optional - axiom
+    2.0
+"""
+
+###########################################################################
+#       Copyright (C) 2008 Mike Hansen <mhansen@gmail.com>
+#                     2007 Bill Page
+#                     2006 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  The full text of the GPL is available at:
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+###########################################################################
+
+import os
+import re
+
+import sage.interfaces.abc
+
+from .expect import Expect, ExpectElement, FunctionElement, ExpectFunction
+from sage.env import DOT_SAGE
+from pexpect import EOF
+from sage.misc.multireplace import multiple_replace
+from sage.interfaces.tab_completion import ExtraTabCompletion
+from sage.misc.instancedoc import instancedoc
+from sage.structure.richcmp import rich_to_bool
+
+
+# The Axiom commands ")what thing det" ")show Matrix" and ")display
+# op det" commands, gives a list of all identifiers that begin in
+# a certain way.  This could maybe be useful somehow... (?)  Also
+# axiom has a lot a lot of ways for getting documentation from the
+# system -- this could also be useful.
+
+class PanAxiom(ExtraTabCompletion, Expect):
+    """
+    Interface to a PanAxiom interpreter.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name='axiom', command='axiom -nox -noclef',
+                 script_subdirectory=None, logfile=None,
+                 server=None, server_tmpdir=None,
+                 init_code=[')lisp (si::readline-off)']):
+        """
+        Create an instance of the Axiom interpreter.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: axiom == loads(dumps(axiom))
+            True
+        """
+        eval_using_file_cutoff = 200
+        self.__eval_using_file_cutoff = eval_using_file_cutoff
+        self._COMMANDS_CACHE = '%s/%s_commandlist_cache.sobj' % (DOT_SAGE, name)
+        Expect.__init__(self,
+                        name=name,
+                        prompt=r'\([0-9]+\) -> ',
+                        command=command,
+                        script_subdirectory=script_subdirectory,
+                        server=server,
+                        server_tmpdir=server_tmpdir,
+                        restart_on_ctrlc=False,
+                        verbose_start=False,
+                        init_code=init_code,
+                        logfile=logfile,
+                        eval_using_file_cutoff=eval_using_file_cutoff)
+        self._prompt_wait = self._prompt
+
+    def _start(self):
+        """
+        Start the Axiom interpreter.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: a = Axiom()
+            sage: a.is_running()
+            False
+            sage: a._start()     #optional - axiom
+            sage: a.is_running() #optional - axiom
+            True
+            sage: a.quit()       #optional - axiom
+        """
+        Expect._start(self)
+        self._eval_line(')set functions compile on', reformat=False)
+        self._eval_line(')set output length 245', reformat=False)
+        self._eval_line(')set message autoload off', reformat=False)
+
+    def _read_in_file_command(self, filename):
+        r"""
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom._read_in_file_command('test.input')
+            ')read test.input \n'
+            sage: axiom._read_in_file_command('test')
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: the filename must end with .input
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: filename = tmp_filename(ext='.input')
+            sage: f = open(filename, 'w')
+            sage: _ = f.write('xx := 22;\n')
+            sage: f.close()
+            sage: axiom.read(filename)    # optional - axiom
+            sage: axiom.get('xx')         # optional - axiom
+            '22'
+        """
+        if not filename.endswith('.input'):
+            raise ValueError("the filename must end with .input")
+
+        # For some reason this trivial comp
+        # keeps certain random freezes from occurring.  Do not remove this.
+        # The space before the \n is also important.
+        return ')read %s \n' % filename
+
+    def _quit_string(self):
+        """
+        Return the string used to quit Axiom.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom._quit_string()
+            ')lisp (quit)'
+            sage: a = Axiom()
+            sage: a.is_running()
+            False
+            sage: a._start()     #optional - axiom
+            sage: a.is_running() #optional - axiom
+            True
+            sage: a.quit()       #optional - axiom
+            sage: a.is_running() #optional - axiom
+            False
+        """
+        return ')lisp (quit)'
+
+    def _commands(self):
+        """
+        Return a list of commands available. This is done by parsing the
+        result of the first section of the output of ')what things'.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: cmds = axiom._commands()
+            sage: len(cmds) > 100
+            True
+            sage: '<' in cmds
+            True
+            sage: 'factor' in cmds
+            True
+        """
+        s = self.eval(")what things")
+        start = '\r\n\r\n#'
+        i = s.find(start)
+        end = "To get more information about"
+        j = s.find(end)
+        return s[i + len(start):j].split()
+
+    def _tab_completion(self, verbose=True, use_disk_cache=True):
+        """
+        Return a list of all the commands defined in Axiom and optionally
+        (per default) store them to disk.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: c = axiom._tab_completion(use_disk_cache=False, verbose=False)
+            sage: len(c) > 100
+            True
+            sage: 'factor' in c
+            True
+            sage: '**' in c
+            False
+            sage: 'upperCase?' in c
+            False
+            sage: 'upperCase_q' in c
+            True
+            sage: 'upperCase_e' in c
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__tab_completion
+        except AttributeError:
+            import sage.misc.persist
+            if use_disk_cache:
+                try:
+                    self.__tab_completion = sage.misc.persist.load(self._COMMANDS_CACHE)
+                    return self.__tab_completion
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+            if verbose:
+                print("\nBuilding %s command completion list (this takes" % self)
+                print("a few seconds only the first time you do it).")
+                print("To force rebuild later, delete %s." % self._COMMANDS_CACHE)
+            v = self._commands()
+
+            # Process we now need process the commands to strip out things which
+            # are not valid Python identifiers.
+            valid = re.compile('[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+')
+            names = [x for x in v if valid.search(x) is None]
+
+            # Change everything that ends with ? to _q and
+            # everything that ends with ! to _e
+            names += [x[:-1] + "_q" for x in v if x.endswith("?")]
+            names += [x[:-1] + "_e" for x in v if x.endswith("!")]
+
+            self.__tab_completion = names
+            if len(v) > 200:
+                # Axiom is actually installed.
+                sage.misc.persist.save(v, self._COMMANDS_CACHE)
+            return names
+
+    def set(self, var, value):
+        """
+        Set the variable var to the given value.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom.set('xx', '2')    #optional - axiom
+            sage: axiom.get('xx')         #optional - axiom
+            '2'
+        """
+        cmd = '%s := %s' % (var, value)
+        out = self._eval_line(cmd, reformat=False)
+
+        if out.find("error") != -1:
+            raise TypeError("Error executing code in Axiom\nCODE:\n\t%s\nAxiom ERROR:\n\t%s" % (cmd, out))
+
+    def get(self, var):
+        r"""
+        Get the string value of the Axiom variable var.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: axiom.set('xx', '2')
+            sage: axiom.get('xx')
+            '2'
+            sage: a = axiom('(1 + sqrt(2))^5')
+            sage: axiom.get(a.name())
+            '     +-+\r\r\n  29\\|2  + 41'
+        """
+        s = self._eval_line(str(var))
+        i = s.rfind('Type:')
+        s = s[:i].rstrip().lstrip("\n")
+        if '\n' not in s:
+            s = s.strip()
+        return s
+
+    def _eval_line(self, line, reformat=True, allow_use_file=False,
+                   wait_for_prompt=True, restart_if_needed=False):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: print(axiom._eval_line('2+2'))  # optional - axiom
+              4
+                                                       Type: PositiveInteger
+        """
+        from sage.misc.verbose import verbose
+        if not wait_for_prompt:
+            return Expect._eval_line(self, line)
+        line = line.rstrip().rstrip(';')
+        if line == '':
+            return ''
+        if len(line) > 3000:
+            raise NotImplementedError("evaluation of long input lines (>3000 characters) in Axiom not yet implemented.")
+        if self._expect is None:
+            self._start()
+        if allow_use_file and self.__eval_using_file_cutoff and \
+           len(line) > self.__eval_using_file_cutoff:
+            return self._eval_line_using_file(line)
+        try:
+            E = self._expect
+            # debug
+            # self._synchronize(cmd='1+%s\n')
+            verbose("in = '%s'" % line, level=3)
+            E.sendline(line)
+            self._expect.expect(self._prompt)
+            out = self._expect.before
+            # debug
+            verbose("out = '%s'" % out, level=3)
+        except EOF:
+            if self._quit_string() in line:
+                return ''
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            self._keyboard_interrupt()
+
+        if '>> Error detected within library code:' in out or \
+           'Cannot find a definition or applicable library operation named' in out:
+            raise RuntimeError(out)
+
+        if not reformat:
+            return out
+        if 'error' in out:
+            return out
+        # out = out.lstrip()
+        i = out.find('\n')
+        out = out[i+1:]
+        outs = out.split("\n")
+        i = 0
+        for line in outs:
+            line = line.rstrip()
+            if line[:4] == '   (':
+                i = line.find('(')
+                i += line[i:].find(')') + 1
+                if line[i:] == "":
+                    i = 0
+                    outs = outs[1:]
+                break
+        return "\n".join(line[i:] for line in outs[1:])
+
+    # define relational operators
+    def _equality_symbol(self):
+        """equality symbol
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: a = axiom(x==6); a    #optional axiom
+            x= 6
+        """
+        return "="
+
+
+class Axiom(PanAxiom):
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Axiom().__reduce__()
+            (<function reduce_load_Axiom at 0x...>, ())
+            sage: f, args = _
+            sage: f(*args)
+            Axiom
+        """
+        return reduce_load_Axiom, tuple([])
+
+    def _function_class(self):
+        """
+        Return the AxiomExpectFunction class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom._function_class()
+            <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.PanAxiomExpectFunction'>
+            sage: type(axiom.gcd)
+            <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.PanAxiomExpectFunction'>
+        """
+        return AxiomExpectFunction
+
+    def _object_class(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom._object_class()
+            <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.PanAxiomElement'>
+            sage: type(axiom(2)) #optional - axiom
+            <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.PanAxiomElement'>
+        """
+        return AxiomElement
+
+    def _function_element_class(self):
+        """
+        Return the Axiom function element class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom._function_element_class()
+            <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.PanAxiomFunctionElement'>
+            sage: type(axiom(2).gcd) #optional - axiom
+            <class 'sage.interfaces.axiom.PanAxiomFunctionElement'>
+        """
+        return AxiomFunctionElement
+
+    def console(self):
+        """
+        Spawn a new Axiom command-line session.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom.console() #not tested
+                                    AXIOM Computer Algebra System
+                                    Version: Axiom (January 2009)
+                           Timestamp: Sunday January 25, 2009 at 07:08:54
+            -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+               Issue )copyright to view copyright notices.
+               Issue )summary for a summary of useful system commands.
+               Issue )quit to leave AXIOM and return to shell.
+            -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        """
+        axiom_console()
+
+
+@instancedoc
+class PanAxiomElement(ExpectElement, sage.interfaces.abc.AxiomElement):
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: f = axiom(x+2) #optional - axiom
+            sage: f(2)           #optional - axiom
+            4
+        """
+        self._check_valid()
+        P = self.parent()
+        return P('%s(%s)' % (self.name(), x))
+
+    def _richcmp_(self, other, op):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: two = axiom(2)
+            sage: two == 2
+            True
+            sage: two == 3
+            False
+            sage: two < 3
+            True
+            sage: two > 1
+            True
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: a = axiom(1); b = axiom(2)
+            sage: a == b
+            False
+            sage: a < b
+            True
+            sage: a > b
+            False
+            sage: b < a
+            False
+            sage: b > a
+            True
+
+        We can also compare more complicated object such as functions::
+
+            sage: f = axiom('sin(x)'); g = axiom('cos(x)')    #optional - axiom
+            sage: f == g                                      #optional - axiom
+            False
+        """
+        P = self.parent()
+        if 'true' in P.eval("(%s = %s) :: Boolean" % (self.name(), other.name())):
+            return rich_to_bool(op, 0)
+        elif 'true' in P.eval("(%s < %s) :: Boolean" % (self.name(), other.name())):
+            return rich_to_bool(op, -1)
+        elif 'true' in P.eval("(%s > %s) :: Boolean" % (self.name(), other.name())):
+            return rich_to_bool(op, 1)
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def type(self):
+        """
+        Return the type of an AxiomElement.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom(x+2).type()  #optional - axiom
+            Polynomial Integer
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        s = P._eval_line(self.name())
+        i = s.rfind('Type:')
+        return P(s[i+5:].strip())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        """
+        Return the length of a list.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: v = axiom('[x^i for i in 0..5]')            # optional - axiom
+            sage: len(v)                                      # optional - axiom
+            6
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        s = P.eval('# %s ' % self.name())
+        i = s.rfind('Type')
+        return int(s[:i - 1])
+
+    def __getitem__(self, n):
+        r"""
+        Return the `n`-th element of this list.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+           Lists are 1-based.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: v = axiom('[i*x^i for i in 0..5]'); v
+                     2   3   4   5
+              [0,x,2x ,3x ,4x ,5x ]
+            sage: v[4]
+                3
+              3x
+            sage: v[1]
+            0
+            sage: v[10]
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            IndexError: index out of range
+        """
+        n = int(n)
+        if n <= 0 or n > len(self):
+            raise IndexError("index out of range")
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        if not isinstance(n, tuple):
+            return P.new('%s(%s)' % (self._name, n))
+        else:
+            return P.new('%s(%s)' % (self._name, str(n)[1:-1]))
+
+    def comma(self, *args):
+        """
+        Return an Axiom tuple from ``self`` and ``args``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: two = axiom(2)
+            sage: two.comma(3)
+            [2,3]
+            sage: two.comma(3,4)
+            [2,3,4]
+            sage: _.type()
+            Tuple PositiveInteger
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        args = list(args)
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if not isinstance(arg, AxiomElement) or arg.parent() is not P:
+                args[i] = P(arg)
+        cmd = "(" + ",".join(x.name() for x in [self] + args) + ")"
+        return P(cmd)
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: a = axiom(1/2) #optional - axiom
+            sage: latex(a)       #optional - axiom
+            \frac{1}{2}
+        """
+        self._check_valid()
+        P = self.parent()
+        s = P._eval_line('outputAsTex(%s)' % self.name(), reformat=False)
+        if '$$' not in s:
+            raise RuntimeError("Error texing axiom object.")
+        i = s.find('$$')
+        j = s.rfind('$$')
+        s = s[i + 2:j]
+        s = multiple_replace({'\r': '', '\n': ' ',
+                              ' \\sp ': '^',
+                              '\\arcsin ': '\\sin^{-1} ',
+                              '\\arccos ': '\\cos^{-1} ',
+                              '\\arctan ': '\\tan^{-1} '},
+                             re.sub(r'\\leqno\(.*?\)', '', s))  # no eq number!
+        return s
+
+    def as_type(self, type):
+        """
+        Return ``self`` as type.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: a = axiom(1.2); a            #optional - axiom
+            1.2
+            sage: a.as_type(axiom.DoubleFloat) #optional - axiom
+            1.2
+            sage: _.type()                     #optional - axiom
+            DoubleFloat
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        type = P(type)
+        return P.new("%s :: %s" % (self.name(), type.name()))
+
+    def unparsed_input_form(self):
+        """
+        Get the linear string representation of this object, if possible
+        (often it isn't).
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: a = axiom(x^2+1); a     #optional - axiom
+               2
+              x  + 1
+            sage: a.unparsed_input_form() #optional - axiom
+            'x*x+1'
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        s = P.eval('unparse(%s::InputForm)' % self._name)
+        if 'translation error' in s or 'Cannot convert' in s:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        s = multiple_replace({'\r\n': '',  # fix stupid Fortran-ish
+                              'DSIN(': 'sin(',
+                              'DCOS(': 'cos(',
+                              'DTAN(': 'tan(',
+                              'DSINH(': 'sinh('}, s)
+        r = re.search(r'"(.*)"', s)
+        return r.groups(0)[0] if r else s
+
+    def _sage_(self):
+        """
+        Convert ``self`` to a Sage object.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: a = axiom(1/2); a #optional - axiom
+              1
+              -
+              2
+            sage: a.sage()          #optional - axiom
+            1/2
+            sage: _.parent()        #optional - axiom
+            Rational Field
+
+            sage: gp(axiom(1/2))    #optional - axiom
+            1/2
+
+        DoubleFloat's in Axiom are converted to be in RDF in Sage.
+
+        ::
+
+            sage: axiom(2.0).as_type('DoubleFloat').sage()  #optional - axiom
+            2.0
+            sage: _.parent() #optional - axiom
+            Real Double Field
+
+
+            sage: axiom(2.1234)._sage_() #optional - axiom
+            2.12340000000000
+            sage: _.parent()             #optional - axiom
+            Real Field with 53 bits of precision
+            sage: a = RealField(100)(pi)                                                # needs sage.symbolic
+            sage: axiom(a)._sage_()             # optional - axiom                      # needs sage.symbolic
+            3.1415926535897932384626433833
+            sage: _.parent()                    # optional - axiom                      # needs sage.symbolic
+            Real Field with 100 bits of precision
+            sage: axiom(a)._sage_() == a        # optional - axiom                      # needs sage.symbolic
+            True
+            sage: axiom(2.0)._sage_() #optional - axiom
+            2.00000000000000
+            sage: _.parent() #optional  - axiom
+            Real Field with 53 bits of precision
+
+
+        We can also convert Axiom's polynomials to Sage polynomials.
+            sage: # optional - axiom, needs sage.symbolic
+            sage: a = axiom(x^2 + 1)
+            sage: a.type()
+            Polynomial Integer
+            sage: a.sage()
+            x^2 + 1
+            sage: _.parent()
+            Univariate Polynomial Ring in x over Integer Ring
+            sage: axiom('x^2 + y^2 + 1/2').sage()
+            y^2 + x^2 + 1/2
+            sage: _.parent()
+            Multivariate Polynomial Ring in y, x over Rational Field
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        type = str(self.type())
+
+        if type in ["Type", "Domain"]:
+            return self._sage_domain()
+
+        if type == "Float":
+            from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RealField
+            from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+            prec = max(self.mantissa().length()._sage_(), 53)
+            R = RealField(prec)
+            x, e, b = self.unparsed_input_form().lstrip('float(').rstrip(')').split(',')
+            return R(ZZ(x) * ZZ(b)**ZZ(e))
+        elif type == "DoubleFloat":
+            from sage.rings.real_double import RDF
+            return RDF(repr(self))
+        elif type in ["PositiveInteger", "Integer"]:
+            from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+            return ZZ(repr(self))
+        elif type.startswith('Polynomial'):
+            from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+            base_ring = P(type.removeprefix('Polynomial '))._sage_domain()
+            vars = str(self.variables())[1:-1]
+            R = PolynomialRing(base_ring, vars)
+            return R(self.unparsed_input_form())
+        elif type.startswith('Fraction'):
+            return self.numer().sage() / self.denom().sage()
+
+        # If all else fails, try using the unparsed input form
+        try:
+            import sage.misc.sage_eval
+            vars = sage.symbolic.ring.var(str(self.variables())[1:-1])
+            if isinstance(vars, tuple):
+                return sage.misc.sage_eval.sage_eval(self.unparsed_input_form(),
+                                                     locals={str(x): x for x in vars})
+            else:
+                return sage.misc.sage_eval.sage_eval(self.unparsed_input_form(),
+                                                     locals={str(vars): vars})
+        except Exception:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _sage_domain(self):
+        """
+        A helper function for converting Axiom domains to the corresponding
+        Sage object.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: axiom('Integer').sage()  #optional - axiom
+            Integer Ring
+
+            sage: axiom('Fraction Integer').sage()  #optional - axiom
+            Rational Field
+
+            sage: axiom('DoubleFloat').sage()  #optional - axiom
+            Real Double Field
+        """
+        P = self._check_valid()
+        name = str(self)
+        if name == 'Integer':
+            from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+            return ZZ
+        elif name == 'DoubleFloat':
+            from sage.rings.real_double import RDF
+            return RDF
+        elif name.startswith('Fraction '):
+            return P(name.lstrip('Fraction '))._sage_domain().fraction_field()
+
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+AxiomElement = PanAxiomElement
+
+
+@instancedoc
+class PanAxiomFunctionElement(FunctionElement):
+    def __init__(self, object, name):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # optional - axiom
+            sage: a = axiom('"Hello"')
+            sage: a.upperCase_q
+            upperCase?
+            sage: a.upperCase_e
+            upperCase!
+            sage: a.upperCase_e()
+            "HELLO"
+        """
+        if name.endswith("_q"):
+            name = name[:-2] + "?"
+        elif name.endswith("_e"):
+            name = name[:-2] + "!"
+        FunctionElement.__init__(self, object, name)
+
+
+AxiomFunctionElement = PanAxiomFunctionElement
+
+
+@instancedoc
+class PanAxiomExpectFunction(ExpectFunction):
+    def __init__(self, parent, name):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: axiom.upperCase_q
+            upperCase?
+            sage: axiom.upperCase_e
+            upperCase!
+        """
+        if name.endswith("_q"):
+            name = name[:-2] + "?"
+        elif name.endswith("_e"):
+            name = name[:-2] + "!"
+        ExpectFunction.__init__(self, parent, name)
+
+
+AxiomExpectFunction = PanAxiomExpectFunction
+
+
+def is_AxiomElement(x):
+    """
+    Return ``True`` if ``x`` is of type :class:`AxiomElement`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.interfaces.axiom import is_AxiomElement
+        sage: is_AxiomElement(2)
+        doctest:...: DeprecationWarning: the function is_AxiomElement is deprecated; use isinstance(x, sage.interfaces.abc.AxiomElement) instead
+        See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/34804 for details.
+        False
+        sage: is_AxiomElement(axiom(2))  # optional - axiom
+        True
+    """
+    from sage.misc.superseded import deprecation
+    deprecation(34804, "the function is_AxiomElement is deprecated; use isinstance(x, sage.interfaces.abc.AxiomElement) instead")
+
+    return isinstance(x, AxiomElement)
+
+
+# Instances
+axiom = Axiom(name='axiom')
+
+
+def reduce_load_Axiom():
+    """
+    Return the Axiom interface object defined in
+    sage.interfaces.axiom.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.interfaces.axiom import reduce_load_Axiom
+        sage: reduce_load_Axiom()
+        Axiom
+    """
+    return axiom
+
+
+def axiom_console():
+    """
+    Spawn a new Axiom command-line session.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: axiom_console() #not tested
+                                AXIOM Computer Algebra System
+                                Version: Axiom (January 2009)
+                       Timestamp: Sunday January 25, 2009 at 07:08:54
+        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+           Issue )copyright to view copyright notices.
+           Issue )summary for a summary of useful system commands.
+           Issue )quit to leave AXIOM and return to shell.
+        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    """
+    from sage.repl.rich_output.display_manager import get_display_manager
+    if not get_display_manager().is_in_terminal():
+        raise RuntimeError('Can use the console only in the terminal. Try %%axiom magics instead.')
+    os.system('axiom -nox')