passagemath-polyhedra 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/geometry/toric_plotter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1103 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-polyhedra
+r"""
+Toric plotter
+
+This module provides a helper class :class:`ToricPlotter` for producing plots
+of objects related to toric geometry. Default plotting objects can be adjusted
+using :func:`options` and reset using :func:`reset_options`.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Andrey Novoseltsev (2010-10-03): initial version, using some code bits by
+  Volker Braun.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+
+In most cases, this module is used indirectly, e.g. ::
+
+    sage: fan = toric_varieties.dP6().fan()                                             # needs palp sage.graphs
+    sage: fan.plot()                                                                    # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+    Graphics object consisting of 31 graphics primitives
+
+You may change default plotting options as follows::
+
+    sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+    True
+    sage: toric_plotter.options(show_rays=False)
+    sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+    False
+    sage: fan.plot()                                                                    # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+    Graphics object consisting of 19 graphics primitives
+    sage: toric_plotter.reset_options()
+    sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+    True
+    sage: fan.plot()                                                                    # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+    Graphics object consisting of 31 graphics primitives
+"""
+
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2010 Volker Braun <vbraun.name@gmail.com>
+#       Copyright (C) 2010 Andrey Novoseltsev <novoselt@gmail.com>
+#       Copyright (C) 2010 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com>
+#
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from copy import copy
+from math import pi
+
+from sage.arith.misc import integer_ceil as ceil, integer_floor as floor
+from sage.geometry.polyhedron.constructor import Polyhedron
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.modules.free_module_element import vector
+lazy_import("sage.plot.all", ["Color", "Graphics",
+                              "arrow", "disk", "line", "point",
+                              "polygon", "rainbow", "text"])
+lazy_import("sage.plot.plot3d.all", "text3d")
+from sage.rings.real_double import RDF
+from sage.structure.sage_object import SageObject
+
+
+# These options are used to initialize/reset plotting options.
+# Most of them are set to "None" and "real default values" are computed
+# automatically based on the plotted object and parameters actually provided by
+# the user.
+_default_options = dict()
+_default_options["mode"] = "round" # Can be also "box" and "generators"
+_default_options["show_lattice"] = None # Default is "True for small plots"
+_default_options["show_rays"] = True
+_default_options["show_generators"] = True
+_default_options["show_walls"] = True
+
+_default_options["generator_color"] = "blue"
+_default_options["label_color"] = "black"
+_default_options["point_color"] = "black"
+_default_options["ray_color"] = "purple"
+_default_options["wall_color"] = "rainbow"
+_default_options["wall_alpha"] = 0.4
+
+_default_options["point_size"] = None
+_default_options["ray_thickness"] = 3
+_default_options["generator_thickness"] = None
+_default_options["font_size"] = 14
+
+_default_options["ray_label"] = "u"
+_default_options["wall_label"] = r"\sigma"
+
+# If none of these are given, the default will be 2.5
+_default_options["radius"] = None
+_default_options["xmin"] = None
+_default_options["xmax"] = None
+_default_options["ymin"] = None
+_default_options["ymax"] = None
+_default_options["zmin"] = None
+_default_options["zmax"] = None
+
+_default_options["lattice_filter"] = None
+
+_default_options["wall_zorder"] = -5
+_default_options["ray_zorder"] = -4
+_default_options["generator_zorder"] = -3
+_default_options["point_zorder"] = -2
+_default_options["label_zorder"] = -1
+
+# These options are actually used as "current defaults" in plotting functions.
+_options = copy(_default_options)
+
+
+class ToricPlotter(SageObject):
+    r"""
+    Create a toric plotter.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``all_options`` -- a :class:`dictionary <dict>`, containing any of the
+      options related to toric objects (see :func:`options`) and any other
+      options that will be passed to lower level plotting functions
+
+    - ``dimension`` -- integer (1, 2, or 3); dimension of toric objects to
+      be plotted
+
+    - ``generators`` -- (optional) a list of ray generators; see examples for
+      a detailed explanation of this argument
+
+    OUTPUT: a toric plotter
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    In most cases there is no need to create and use :class:`ToricPlotter`
+    directly. Instead, use plotting method of the object which you want to
+    plot, e.g. ::
+
+        sage: fan = toric_varieties.dP6().fan()                                         # needs palp sage.graphs
+        sage: fan.plot()                                                                # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+        Graphics object consisting of 31 graphics primitives
+        sage: print(fan.plot())                                                         # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+        Graphics object consisting of 31 graphics primitives
+
+    If you do want to create your own plotting function for some toric
+    structure, the anticipated usage of toric plotters is the following:
+
+    - collect all necessary options in a dictionary;
+
+    - pass these options and ``dimension`` to :class:`ToricPlotter`;
+
+    - call :meth:`include_points` on ray generators and any other points that
+      you want to be present on the plot (it will try to set appropriate
+      cut-off bounds);
+
+    - call :meth:`adjust_options` to choose "nice" default values for all
+      options that were not set yet and ensure consistency of rectangular and
+      spherical cut-off bounds;
+
+    - call :meth:`set_rays` on ray generators to scale them to the cut-off
+      bounds of the plot;
+
+    - call appropriate ``plot_*`` functions to actually construct the plot.
+
+    For example, the plot from the previous example can be obtained as
+    follows::
+
+        sage: # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+        sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+        sage: options = dict()  # use default for everything
+        sage: tp = ToricPlotter(options, fan.lattice().degree())
+        sage: tp.include_points(fan.rays())
+        sage: tp.adjust_options()
+        sage: tp.set_rays(fan.rays())
+        sage: result = tp.plot_lattice()
+        sage: result += tp.plot_rays()
+        sage: result += tp.plot_generators()
+        sage: result += tp.plot_walls(fan(2))
+        sage: result
+        Graphics object consisting of 31 graphics primitives
+
+    In most situations it is only necessary to include generators of rays, in
+    this case they can be passed to the constructor as an optional argument.
+    In the example above, the toric plotter can be completely set up using ::
+
+        sage: tp = ToricPlotter(options, fan.lattice().degree(), fan.rays())            # needs palp sage.graphs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+
+    All options are exposed as attributes of toric plotters and can be modified
+    after constructions, however you will have to manually call
+    :meth:`adjust_options` and :meth:`set_rays` again if you decide to change
+    the plotting mode and/or cut-off bounds. Otherwise plots maybe invalid.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, all_options, dimension, generators=None):
+        r"""
+        See :class:`ToricPlotter` for documentation.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: TestSuite(tp).run()
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        sd = self.__dict__
+        extra_options = dict()
+        self.extra_options = extra_options
+        toric_options = options()
+        for option, value in all_options.items():
+            if option in toric_options:
+                sd[option] = value
+            else:
+                extra_options[option] = value
+        for option, value in toric_options.items():
+            if option not in sd:
+                sd[option] = value
+        if dimension not in [1, 2, 3]:
+            raise ValueError("toric objects can be plotted only for "
+                             "dimensions 1, 2, and 3, not %s!" % dimension)
+        self.dimension = dimension
+        self.origin = vector(RDF, max(dimension, 2)) # 1-d is plotted in 2-d
+        if self.mode not in ["box", "generators", "round"]:
+            raise ValueError("unrecognized plotting mode: %s!" % self.mode)
+        # If radius was explicitly set by the user, it sets other bounds too.
+        # If we don't take it into account here, they will be replaced by
+        # automatically computed values.
+        if sd["radius"] is not None:
+            for key in ["xmin", "ymin", "zmin"]:
+                if sd[key] is None:
+                    sd[key] = - sd["radius"]
+            for key in ["xmax", "ymax", "zmax"]:
+                if sd[key] is None:
+                    sd[key] = sd["radius"]
+        # We also set some of the "extra_options" if they were not given.
+        if "axes" not in extra_options:
+            extra_options["axes"] = False
+        if "frame" not in extra_options:
+            extra_options["frame"] = False
+        if "aspect_ratio" not in extra_options:
+            extra_options["aspect_ratio"] = 1
+        if generators is not None:
+            # Completely prepare the plotter
+            self.include_points(generators)
+            self.adjust_options()
+            self.set_rays(generators)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Check if ``self`` is equal to ``other``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- anything
+
+        OUTPUT: ``True`` if ``self`` is equal to ``other``, ``False`` otherwise
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: ToricPlotter(dict(), 2) == ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            True
+            sage: ToricPlotter(dict(), 2) == 0
+            False
+        """
+        # Just to make TestSuite happy...
+        return type(self) is type(other) and self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+    def adjust_options(self):
+        r"""
+        Adjust plotting options.
+
+        This function determines appropriate default values for those options,
+        that were not specified by the user, based on the other options. See
+        :class:`ToricPlotter` for a detailed example.
+
+        OUTPUT: none
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: print(tp.show_lattice)
+            None
+            sage: tp.adjust_options()
+            sage: print(tp.show_lattice)
+            True
+        """
+        # Unfortunately, some of the defaults are dimension specific for no
+        # good reason but to remedy 2-d/3-d plotting inconsistencies in Sage.
+        d = self.dimension
+        if d <= 2:
+            if self.point_size is None:
+                self.point_size = 50
+        elif d == 3:
+            if self.point_size is None:
+                self.point_size = 10
+        if self.generator_thickness is None:
+            self.generator_thickness = self.ray_thickness
+        sd = self.__dict__
+        bounds = ["radius", "xmin", "xmax", "ymin", "ymax", "zmin", "zmax"]
+        bounds = [abs(sd[bound]) for bound in bounds if sd[bound] is not None]
+        r = RDF(max(bounds + [0.5]) if bounds else 2.5)
+        self.radius = r
+        round = self.mode == "round"
+        for key in ["xmin", "ymin", "zmin"]:
+            if round or sd[key] is None:
+                sd[key] = - r
+            sd[key] = min(sd[key], - 0.5)
+            sd[key] = RDF(sd[key])
+        for key in ["xmax", "ymax", "zmax"]:
+            if round or sd[key] is None:
+                sd[key] = r
+            sd[key] = max(sd[key], 0.5)
+            sd[key] = RDF(sd[key])
+        if self.show_lattice is None:
+            self.show_lattice = (r <= 5) if d <= 2 else r <= 3
+
+    def include_points(self, points, force=False):
+        r"""
+        Try to include ``points`` into the bounding box of ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``points`` -- list of points
+
+        - ``force`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); by default, only bounds
+          that were not set before will be chosen to include ``points``. Use
+          ``force=True`` if you don't mind increasing existing bounding box.
+
+        OUTPUT: none
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: print(tp.radius)
+            None
+            sage: tp.include_points([(3, 4)])
+            sage: print(tp.radius)
+            5.5...
+            sage: tp.include_points([(5, 12)])
+            sage: print(tp.radius)
+            5.5...
+            sage: tp.include_points([(5, 12)], force=True)
+            sage: print(tp.radius)
+            13.5...
+        """
+        if not points:
+            return
+        points = [vector(RDF, pt) for pt in points]
+        sd = self.__dict__
+
+        def update(bound, new_value, points):
+            if force or sd[bound] is None:
+                new_value = eval(new_value)
+                if sd[bound] is None:
+                    sd[bound] = new_value
+                elif abs(sd[bound]) < abs(new_value):
+                    sd[bound] = new_value
+
+        update("radius", "max(pt.norm() for pt in points) + 0.5", points)
+        try:
+            update("xmin", "min(pt[0] for pt in points) - 0.5", points)
+            update("xmax", "max(pt[0] for pt in points) + 0.5", points)
+            update("ymin", "min(pt[1] for pt in points) - 0.5", points)
+            update("ymax", "max(pt[1] for pt in points) + 0.5", points)
+            update("zmin", "min(pt[2] for pt in points) - 0.5", points)
+            update("zmax", "max(pt[2] for pt in points) + 0.5", points)
+        except IndexError:  # 1 or 2 dimensional case
+            pass
+
+    def plot_generators(self):
+        r"""
+        Plot ray generators.
+
+        Ray generators must be specified during construction or using
+        :meth:`set_rays` before calling this method.
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2, [(3,4)])
+            sage: tp.plot_generators()                                                  # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        """
+        generators = self.generators
+        result = Graphics()
+        if not generators or not self.show_generators:
+            return result
+        colors = color_list(self.generator_color, len(generators))
+        d = self.dimension
+        extra_options = self.extra_options
+        origin = self.origin
+        thickness = self.generator_thickness
+        zorder = self.generator_zorder
+        for generator, ray, color in zip(generators, self.rays, colors):
+            if ray.dot_product(ray) < generator.dot_product(generator):
+                result += line([origin, ray],
+                               color=color, thickness=thickness,
+                               zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+            else:
+                # This should not be the case, but as of 4.6 plotting
+                # functions are inconsistent and arrows behave very
+                # different compared to lines.
+                if d <= 2:
+                    result += arrow(origin, generator,
+                                    color=color, width=thickness,
+                                    arrowsize=thickness + 1,
+                                    zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+                else:
+                    result += line([origin, generator], arrow_head=True,
+                                   color=color, thickness=thickness,
+                                   zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+        return result
+
+    def plot_labels(self, labels, positions):
+        r"""
+        Plot ``labels`` at specified ``positions``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``labels`` -- string or list of strings
+
+        - ``positions`` -- list of points
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: tp.plot_labels("u", [(1.5,0)])                                        # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        """
+        result = Graphics()
+        color = self.label_color
+        extra_options = self.extra_options
+        zorder = self.label_zorder
+        font_size = self.font_size
+        twod = self.dimension <= 2
+        labels = label_list(labels, len(positions), twod)
+        for label, position in zip(labels, positions):
+            if label is None:
+                continue
+            if twod:
+                result += text(label, position,
+                               color=color, fontsize=font_size,
+                               zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+            else:
+                result += text3d(label, position, color=color, **extra_options)
+        return result
+
+    def plot_lattice(self):
+        r"""
+        Plot the lattice (i.e. its points in the cut-off bounds of ``self``).
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: tp.adjust_options()
+            sage: tp.plot_lattice()                                                     # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        """
+        if not self.show_lattice:
+            # Plot the origin anyway, otherwise rays/generators may look ugly.
+            return self.plot_points([self.origin])
+        d = self.dimension
+        if d == 1:
+            points = ((x, 0)
+                      for x in range(ceil(self.xmin), floor(self.xmax) + 1))
+        elif d == 2:
+            points = ((x, y)
+                      for x in range(ceil(self.xmin), floor(self.xmax) + 1)
+                      for y in range(ceil(self.ymin), floor(self.ymax) + 1))
+        elif d == 3:
+            points = ((x, y, z)
+                      for x in range(ceil(self.xmin), floor(self.xmax) + 1)
+                      for y in range(ceil(self.ymin), floor(self.ymax) + 1)
+                      for z in range(ceil(self.zmin), floor(self.zmax) + 1))
+        if self.mode == "round":
+            r = 1.01 * self.radius # To make sure integer values work OK.
+            points = (pt for pt in points if vector(pt).dot_product(vector(pt)) <= r)
+        f = self.lattice_filter
+        if f is not None:
+            points = (pt for pt in points if f(pt))
+        return self.plot_points(tuple(points))
+
+    def plot_points(self, points):
+        r"""
+        Plot given ``points``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``points`` -- list of points
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: tp.adjust_options()
+            sage: tp.plot_points([(1,0), (0,1)])                                        # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        """
+        return point(points, color=self.point_color, size=self.point_size,
+                     zorder=self.point_zorder, **self.extra_options)
+
+    def plot_ray_labels(self):
+        r"""
+        Plot ray labels.
+
+        Usually ray labels are plotted together with rays, but in some cases it
+        is desirable to output them separately.
+
+        Ray generators must be specified during construction or using
+        :meth:`set_rays` before calling this method.
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2, [(3,4)])
+            sage: tp.plot_ray_labels()                                                  # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        """
+        return self.plot_labels(self.ray_label,
+                                [1.1 * ray for ray in self.rays])
+
+    def plot_rays(self):
+        r"""
+        Plot rays and their labels.
+
+        Ray generators must be specified during construction or using
+        :meth:`set_rays` before calling this method.
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2, [(3,4)])
+            sage: tp.plot_rays()                                                        # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+        """
+        result = Graphics()
+        rays = self.rays
+        if not rays or not self.show_rays:
+            return result
+        extra_options = self.extra_options
+        origin = self.origin
+        colors = color_list(self.ray_color, len(rays))
+        thickness = self.ray_thickness
+        zorder = self.ray_zorder
+        for end, color in zip(rays, colors):
+            result += line([origin, end],
+                           color=color, thickness=thickness,
+                           zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+        result += self.plot_ray_labels()
+        return result
+
+    def plot_walls(self, walls):
+        r"""
+        Plot ``walls``, i.e. 2-d cones, and their labels.
+
+        Ray generators must be specified during construction or using
+        :meth:`set_rays` before calling this method and these specified
+        ray generators will be used in conjunction with
+        :meth:`~sage.geometry.cone.ConvexRationalPolyhedralCone.ambient_ray_indices`
+        of ``walls``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``walls`` -- list of 2-d cones
+
+        OUTPUT: a plot
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: quadrant = Cone([(1,0), (0,1)])
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2, quadrant.rays())
+            sage: tp.plot_walls([quadrant])                                             # needs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+
+        Let's also check that the truncating polyhedron is functioning
+        correctly::
+
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter({"mode": "box"}, 2, quadrant.rays())
+            sage: tp.plot_walls([quadrant])                                             # needs sage.plot sage.symbolic
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+        """
+        result = Graphics()
+        if not walls or not self.show_walls:
+            return result
+        rays = self.rays
+        extra_options = self.extra_options
+        mode = self.mode
+        alpha = self.wall_alpha
+        colors = color_list(self.wall_color, len(walls))
+        zorder = self.wall_zorder
+        if mode == "box":
+            if self.dimension <= 2:
+                ieqs = [(self.xmax, -1, 0), (- self.xmin, 1, 0),
+                        (self.ymax, 0, -1), (- self.ymin, 0, 1)]
+            else:
+                ieqs = [(self.xmax, -1, 0, 0), (- self.xmin, 1, 0, 0),
+                        (self.ymax, 0, -1, 0), (- self.ymin, 0, 1, 0),
+                        (self.zmax, 0, 0, -1), (- self.zmin, 0, 0, 1)]
+            box = Polyhedron(ieqs=ieqs, base_ring=RDF)
+            for wall, color in zip(walls, colors):
+                result += box.intersection(wall.polyhedron()).render_solid(
+                    alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+        elif mode == "generators":
+            origin = self.origin
+            for wall, color in zip(walls, colors):
+                vertices = [rays[i] for i in wall.ambient_ray_indices()]
+                vertices.append(origin)
+                result += Polyhedron(vertices=vertices, base_ring=RDF).render_solid(
+                    alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+        label_sectors = []
+        round = mode == "round"
+        for wall, color in zip(walls, colors):
+            S = wall.linear_subspace()
+            lsd = S.dimension()
+            if lsd == 0:    # Strictly convex wall
+                r1, r2 = (rays[i] for i in wall.ambient_ray_indices())
+            elif lsd == 1:  # wall is a half-plane
+                for i, ray in zip(wall.ambient_ray_indices(), wall.rays()):
+                    if ray in S:
+                        r1 = rays[i]
+                    else:
+                        r2 = rays[i]
+                if round:
+                    # Plot one "extra" sector
+                    result += sector(- r1, r2,
+                      alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+            else:           # wall is a plane
+                r1, r2 = S.basis()
+                r1 = vector(RDF, r1)
+                r1 = r1 / r1.norm() * self.radius
+                r2 = vector(RDF, r2)
+                r2 = r2 / r2.norm() * self.radius
+                if round:
+                    # Plot three "extra" sectors
+                    result += sector(r1, - r2,
+                      alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+                    result += sector(- r1, r2,
+                      alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+                    result += sector(- r1, - r2,
+                      alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+            label_sectors.append([r1, r2])
+            if round:
+                result += sector(r1, r2,
+                    alpha=alpha, color=color, zorder=zorder, **extra_options)
+        result += self.plot_labels(self.wall_label,
+                    [sum(label_sector) / 3 for label_sector in label_sectors])
+        return result
+
+    def set_rays(self, generators):
+        r"""
+        Set up rays and their ``generators`` to be used by plotting functions.
+
+        As an alternative to using this method, you can pass ``generators`` to
+        :class:`ToricPlotter` constructor.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``generators`` -- list of primitive nonzero ray generators
+
+        OUTPUT: none
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import ToricPlotter
+            sage: tp = ToricPlotter(dict(), 2)
+            sage: tp.adjust_options()
+            sage: tp.plot_rays()                                                        # needs sage.plot
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            AttributeError: 'ToricPlotter' object has no attribute 'rays'...
+            sage: tp.set_rays([(0,1)])
+            sage: tp.plot_rays()                                                        # needs sage.plot
+            Graphics object consisting of 2 graphics primitives
+        """
+        d = self.dimension
+        if d == 1:
+            generators = [vector(RDF, 2, (gen[0], 0)) for gen in generators]
+        else:
+            generators = [vector(RDF, d, gen) for gen in generators]
+        self.generators = generators
+        if self.mode == "box":
+            rays = []
+            bounds = [self.__dict__[bound]
+                for bound in ["xmin", "xmax", "ymin", "ymax", "zmin", "zmax"]]
+            bounds = bounds[:2 * d]
+            for gen in generators:
+                factors = []
+                for i, gen_i in enumerate(gen):
+                    factors.append(gen_i / bounds[2 * i])
+                    factors.append(gen_i / bounds[2 * i + 1])
+                rays.append(gen / max(factors))
+        elif self.mode == "generators":
+            rays = generators
+        elif self.mode == "round":
+            r = self.radius
+            rays = [r * gen / gen.norm() for gen in generators]
+        self.rays = rays
+
+
+def _unrecognized_option(option):
+    r"""
+    Raise an exception about wrong ``option``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``option`` -- string
+
+    OUTPUT: none, a :exc:`KeyError` exception is raised
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import _unrecognized_option
+        sage: _unrecognized_option("nontoric")
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        KeyError: "unrecognized toric plot option: 'nontoric'!
+        Type 'toric_plotter.options?' to see available options."
+    """
+    raise KeyError("unrecognized toric plot option: '%s'! " % option
+                + "Type 'toric_plotter.options?' to see available options.")
+
+
+def color_list(color, n):
+    r"""
+    Normalize a list of ``n`` colors.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``color`` -- anything specifying a :class:`Color`, a list of such
+      specifications, or the string "rainbow";
+
+    - ``n`` -- integer
+
+    OUTPUT: list of ``n`` colors
+
+    If ``color`` specified a single color, it is repeated ``n`` times. If it
+    was a list of ``n`` colors, it is returned without changes. If it was
+    "rainbow", the rainbow of ``n`` colors is returned.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: # needs sage.plot
+        sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import color_list
+        sage: color_list("grey", 1)
+        [RGB color (0.5019607843137255, 0.5019607843137255, 0.5019607843137255)]
+        sage: len(color_list("grey", 3))
+        3
+        sage: L = color_list("rainbow", 3)
+        sage: L
+        [RGB color (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+         RGB color (0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+         RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)]
+        sage: color_list(L, 3)
+        [RGB color (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+         RGB color (0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+         RGB color (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)]
+        sage: color_list(L, 4)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: expected 4 colors, got 3!
+    """
+    try:
+        color = Color(color)
+        return [color] * n
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)):
+            if len(color) != n:
+                raise ValueError("expected %d colors, got %d!"
+                                 % (n, len(color)))
+            return color
+        if color == "rainbow":
+            return [Color(c) for c in rainbow(n, "rgbtuple")]
+    raise TypeError("cannot interpret %s as a color!" % color)
+
+
+def label_list(label, n, math_mode, index_set=None):
+    r"""
+    Normalize a list of ``n`` labels.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``label`` -- ``None``, a string, or a list of string
+
+    - ``n`` -- integer
+
+    - ``math_mode`` -- boolean; if ``True``, will produce LaTeX expressions
+      for labels
+
+    - ``index_set`` -- list of integers (default: ``range(n)``) that will be
+      used as subscripts for labels
+
+    OUTPUT: list of ``n`` labels
+
+    If ``label`` was a list of ``n`` entries, it is returned without changes.
+    If ``label`` is ``None``, a list of ``n`` ``None``'s is returned. If
+    ``label`` is a string, a list of strings of the form ``$label_{i}$`` is
+    returned, where `i` ranges over ``index_set``. (If ``math_mode=False``, the
+    form "label_i" is used instead.) If ``n=1``, there is no subscript added,
+    unless ``index_set`` was specified explicitly.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import label_list
+        sage: label_list("u", 3, False)
+        ['u_0', 'u_1', 'u_2']
+        sage: label_list("u", 3, True)
+        ['$u_{0}$', '$u_{1}$', '$u_{2}$']
+        sage: label_list("u", 1, True)
+        ['$u$']
+    """
+    if label is None:
+        return [None] * n
+    if isinstance(label, (list, tuple)):
+        if len(label) != n:
+            raise ValueError("expected %d labels, got %d!" % (n, len(label)))
+        return label
+    if index_set is None:
+        if n == 1:
+            return ["$%s$" % label.strip("$")] if math_mode else [label]
+        index_set = range(n)
+    if math_mode:
+        label = label.strip("$")
+        return list("$%s_{%d}$" % (label, i) for i in index_set)
+    else:
+        return list("%s_%d" % (label, i) for i in index_set)
+
+
+def options(option=None, **kwds):
+    r"""
+    Get or set options for plots of toric geometry objects.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        This function provides access to global default options. Any of these
+        options can be overridden by passing them directly to plotting
+        functions. See also :func:`reset_options`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - None;
+
+    OR:
+
+    - ``option`` -- string, name of the option whose value you wish to get;
+
+    OR:
+
+    - keyword arguments specifying new values for one or more options.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    - if there was no input, the dictionary of current options for toric plots;
+
+    - if ``option`` argument was given, the current value of ``option``;
+
+    - if other keyword arguments were given, none.
+
+    **Name Conventions**
+
+    To clearly distinguish parts of toric plots, in options and methods we use
+    the following name conventions:
+
+    Generator
+        A primitive integral vector generating a 1-dimensional cone, plotted as
+        an arrow from the origin (or a line, if the head of the arrow is beyond
+        cut-off bounds for the plot).
+
+    Ray
+        A 1-dimensional cone, plotted as a line from the origin to the cut-off
+        bounds for  the plot.
+
+    Wall
+        A 2-dimensional cone, plotted as a region between rays (in the above
+        sense). Its exact shape depends on the plotting mode (see below).
+
+    Chamber
+        A 3-dimensional cone, plotting is not implemented yet.
+
+    **Plotting Modes**
+
+    A plotting mode mostly determines the shape of the cut-off region (which is
+    always relevant for toric plots except for trivial objects consisting of
+    the origin only). The following options are available:
+
+    Box
+        The cut-off region is a box with edges parallel to coordinate axes.
+
+    Generators
+        The cut-off region is determined by primitive integral generators of
+        rays. Note that this notion is well-defined only for rays and walls,
+        in particular you should plot the lattice on your own
+        (:meth:`~ToricPlotter.plot_lattice` will use box mode which is likely
+        to be unsuitable). While this method may not be suitable for general
+        fans, it is quite natural for fans of :class:`CPR-Fano toric varieties.
+        <sage.schemes.toric.fano_variety.CPRFanoToricVariety_field`
+
+    Round
+        The cut-off regions is a sphere centered at the origin.
+
+    **Available Options**
+
+    Default values for the following options can be set using this function:
+
+
+    - ``mode`` -- "box", "generators", or "round", see above for descriptions;
+
+    - ``show_lattice`` -- boolean, whether to show lattice points in the
+      cut-off region or not;
+
+    - ``show_rays`` -- boolean, whether to show rays or not;
+
+    - ``show_generators`` -- boolean, whether to show rays or not;
+
+    - ``show_walls`` -- boolean, whether to show rays or not;
+
+    - ``generator_color`` -- a color for generators;
+
+    - ``label_color`` -- a color for labels;
+
+    - ``point_color`` -- a color for lattice points;
+
+    - ``ray_color`` -- a color for rays, a list of colors (one for each ray),
+      or the string "rainbow";
+
+    - ``wall_color`` -- a color for walls, a list of colors (one for each
+      wall), or the string "rainbow";
+
+    - ``wall_alpha`` -- a number between 0 and 1, the alpha-value for walls
+      (determining their transparency);
+
+    - ``point_size`` -- integer; the size of lattice points
+
+    - ``ray_thickness`` -- integer; the thickness of rays
+
+    - ``generator_thickness`` -- integer; the thickness of generators
+
+    - ``font_size`` -- integer; the size of font used for labels
+
+    - ``ray_label`` -- string or list of strings used for ray labels; use
+      ``None`` to hide labels
+
+    - ``wall_label`` -- string or list of strings used for wall labels; use
+      ``None`` to hide labels
+
+    - ``radius`` -- a positive number, the radius of the cut-off region for
+      "round" mode
+
+    - ``xmin``, ``xmax``, ``ymin``, ``ymax``, ``zmin``, ``zmax`` -- numbers
+      determining the cut-off region for "box" mode. Note that you cannot
+      exclude the origin - if you try to do so, bounds will be automatically
+      expanded to include it.
+
+    - ``lattice_filter`` -- a callable, taking as an argument a lattice point
+      and returning ``True`` if this point should be included on the plot
+      (useful, e.g. for plotting sublattices)
+
+    - ``wall_zorder``, ``ray_zorder``, ``generator_zorder``, ``point_zorder``,
+      ``label_zorder`` -- integers, z-orders for different classes of objects.
+      By default all values are negative, so that you can add other graphic
+      objects on top of a toric plot. You may need to adjust these parameters
+      if you want to put a toric plot on top of something else or if you want
+      to overlap several toric plots.
+
+    You can see the current default value of any options by typing, e.g. ::
+
+        sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+        True
+
+    If the default value is ``None``, it means that the actual default is
+    determined later based on the known options. Note, that not all options can
+    be determined in such a way, so you should not set options to ``None``
+    unless it was its original state. (You can always revert to this "original
+    state" using :meth:`reset_options`.)
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    The following line will make all subsequent toric plotting commands to draw
+    "rainbows" from walls::
+
+        sage: toric_plotter.options(wall_color='rainbow')
+
+    If you prefer a less colorful output (e.g. if you need black-and-white
+    illustrations for a paper), you can use something like this::
+
+        sage: toric_plotter.options(wall_color='grey')
+    """
+    global _options
+    if option is None and not kwds:
+        return copy(_options)
+    elif option is not None and not kwds:
+        try:
+            return _options[option]
+        except KeyError:
+            _unrecognized_option(option)
+    elif option is None and kwds:
+        for option in kwds:
+            try:
+                _options[option] = kwds[option]
+            except KeyError:
+                _unrecognized_option(option)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("you cannot specify 'option' and other arguments at "
+                         "the same time!")
+
+
+def reset_options():
+    r"""
+    Reset options for plots of toric geometry objects.
+
+    OUTPUT: none
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+        True
+        sage: toric_plotter.options(show_rays=False)
+        sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+        False
+
+    Now all toric plots will not show rays, unless explicitly requested. If you
+    want to go back to "default defaults", use this method::
+
+        sage: toric_plotter.reset_options()
+        sage: toric_plotter.options("show_rays")
+        True
+    """
+    global _options
+    _options = copy(_default_options)
+
+
+def sector(ray1, ray2, **extra_options):
+    r"""
+    Plot a sector between ``ray1`` and ``ray2`` centered at the origin.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        This function was intended for plotting strictly convex cones, so it
+        plots the smaller sector between ``ray1`` and ``ray2`` and, therefore,
+        they cannot be opposite. If you do want to use this function for bigger
+        regions, split them into several parts.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        As of version 4.6 Sage does not have a graphic primitive for sectors in
+        3-dimensional space, so this function will actually approximate them
+        using polygons (the number of vertices used depends on the angle
+        between rays).
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``ray1``, ``ray2`` -- rays in 2- or 3-dimensional space of the same
+      length
+
+    - ``extra_options`` -- dictionary of options that should be passed to
+      lower level plotting functions
+
+    OUTPUT: a plot
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.geometry.toric_plotter import sector
+        sage: sector((1,0), (0,1))                                                      # needs sage.symbolic
+        Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+        sage: sector((3,2,1), (1,2,3))                                                  # needs sage.plot
+        Graphics3d Object
+    """
+    from sage.functions.all import arccos, arctan2
+
+    ray1 = vector(RDF, ray1)
+    ray2 = vector(RDF, ray2)
+    r = ray1.norm()
+    if len(ray1) == 2:
+        # Plot an honest sector
+        phi1 = arctan2(ray1[1], ray1[0])
+        phi2 = arctan2(ray2[1], ray2[0])
+        if phi1 > phi2:
+            phi1, phi2 = phi2, phi1
+        if phi2 - phi1 > pi:
+            phi1, phi2 = phi2, phi1 + 2 * pi
+        return disk((0,0), r, (phi1, phi2), **extra_options)
+    else:
+        # Plot a polygon, 30 vertices per radian.
+        vertices_per_radian = 30
+        n = ceil(arccos(ray1 * ray2 / r**2) * vertices_per_radian)
+        dr = (ray2 - ray1) / n
+        points = (ray1 + i * dr for i in range(n + 1))
+        points = [r / pt.norm() * pt for pt in points]
+        points.append(vector(RDF, 3))
+        return polygon(points, **extra_options)