passagemath-combinat 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_x86_64.whl

sage/combinat/output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,861 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-combinat
+r"""
+Output functions
+
+These are the output functions for latexing and ascii/unicode art versions of
+partitions and tableaux.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Mike Hansen (?): initial version
+- Andrew Mathas (2013-02-14): Added support for displaying conventions and
+  lines, and tableaux of skew partition, composition, and
+  skew/composition/partition/tableaux tuple shape.
+- Travis Scrimshaw (2020-08): Added support for ascii/unicode art
+"""
+
+
+from string import Template
+from sage.combinat.tableau import Tableaux
+
+# The tex macro used to latex individual cells in an array (as a template).
+# When using bar should be replaced by '|' or ''.
+lr_macro = Template(r'\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{$bar@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}$bar}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$$#1$$}}}')
+
+
+def tex_from_array(array, with_lines=True) -> str:
+    r"""
+    Return a latex string for a two dimensional array of partition, composition
+    or skew composition shape.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``array`` -- list of list
+    - ``with_lines`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to draw a line to
+      separate the entries in the array
+
+    Empty rows are allowed; however, such rows should be given as
+    ``[None]`` rather than ``[]``.
+
+    The array is drawn using either the English or French convention
+    following :meth:`Tableaux.options`.
+
+    .. SEEALSO:: :meth:`tex_from_array_tuple`
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.output import tex_from_array
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\\cline{1-2}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{8}\\\cline{1-1}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\\
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        \lr{8}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\cline{3-3}
+        &&\lr{3}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{8}\\\cline{1-1}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[None,8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\cline{3-3}
+        &&\lr{3}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &\lr{8}\\\cline{2-2}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\\
+        &&\lr{3}\\
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        \lr{8}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[None,8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\\
+        &&\lr{3}\\
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        &\lr{8}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: Tableaux.options.convention="french"
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\cline{1-2}
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\cline{1-1}
+        \lr{8}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\\
+        \lr{8}\\
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\cline{1-1}
+        \lr{8}\\\cline{1-4}
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &&\lr{3}\\\cline{3-3}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[None,8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\cline{2-2}
+        &\lr{8}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &&\lr{3}\\\cline{3-3}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\\
+        \lr{8}\\
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        &&\lr{3}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[None,8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\\
+        &\lr{8}\\
+        &\lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        &&\lr{3}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: Tableaux.options.convention="russian"
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\cline{1-2}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{4}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{1}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{2}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{4}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{1}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{2}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\cline{1-1}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{4}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\\cline{1-4}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{1}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{2}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7],[8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{4}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{1}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{2}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\cline{1-1}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\\cline{1-4}
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\\cline{3-3}
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[None,8]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\cline{2-2}
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\\cline{2-4}
+        &&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\\cline{3-3}
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\
+        &&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array([[None,None,3],[None,5,6,7],[None,8]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{4}c}\\
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\
+        &&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+
+        sage: Tableaux.options._reset()
+    """
+    lr = lr_macro.substitute(bar='|' if with_lines else '')
+    if Tableaux.options.convention == "English":
+        return '{%s\n%s\n}' % (lr, tex_from_skew_array(array, with_lines))
+    return '{%s\n%s\n}' % (lr, tex_from_skew_array(array[::-1], with_lines,
+                                                   align='t'))
+
+
+def svg_from_array(array, with_lines=True) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the svg code for this array.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: array=[[1,9,1],[6,9,1],[2,8,3,3]]
+        sage: sage.combinat.output.svg_from_array(array)
+        '<?xml version="1.0" ...</svg>'
+    """
+    if Tableaux.options.convention == "English":
+        return svg_from_skew_array(array, with_lines)
+    return svg_from_skew_array(array[::-1], with_lines, align='t')
+
+
+def tex_from_array_tuple(a_tuple, with_lines=True) -> str:
+    r"""
+    Return a latex string for a tuple of two dimensional array of partition,
+    composition or skew composition shape.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``a_tuple`` -- tuple of lists of lists
+    - ``with_lines`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to draw lines to
+      separate the entries in the components of ``a_tuple``
+
+    .. SEEALSO:: :meth:`tex_from_array` for the description of each array
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.output import tex_from_array_tuple
+        sage: print(tex_from_array_tuple([[[1,2,3],[4,5]],[],[[None,6,7],[None,8],[9]]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\\cline{1-2}
+        \end{array}$},\emptyset,\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\cline{2-3}
+        &\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{2-3}
+        &\lr{8}\\\cline{1-2}
+        \lr{9}\\\cline{1-1}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array_tuple([[[1,2,3],[4,5]],[],[[None,6,7],[None,8],[9]]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\
+        \end{array}$},\emptyset,\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\\
+        &\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        &\lr{8}\\
+        \lr{9}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: Tableaux.options.convention="french"
+        sage: print(tex_from_array_tuple([[[1,2,3],[4,5]],[],[[None,6,7],[None,8],[9]]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\cline{1-2}
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \end{array}$},\emptyset,\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\cline{1-1}
+        \lr{9}\\\cline{1-2}
+        &\lr{8}\\\cline{2-3}
+        &\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\\cline{2-3}
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array_tuple([[[1,2,3],[4,5]],[],[[None,6,7],[None,8],[9]]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{4}&\lr{5}\\
+        \lr{1}&\lr{2}&\lr{3}\\
+        \end{array}$},\emptyset,\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{9}\\
+        &\lr{8}\\
+        &\lr{6}&\lr{7}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+        }
+        sage: Tableaux.options.convention="russian"
+        sage: print(tex_from_array_tuple([[[1,2,3],[4,5]],[],[[None,6,7],[None,8],[9]]]))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{|@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}|}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\cline{1-2}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{4}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{1}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{2}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\\cline{1-3}
+        \end{array}$}},\emptyset,\raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\cline{1-1}
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{9}}\\\cline{1-2}
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\\cline{2-3}
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\\cline{2-3}
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+        sage: print(tex_from_array_tuple([[[1,2,3],[4,5]],[],[[None,6,7],[None,8],[9]]], with_lines=False))
+        {\def\lr#1{\multicolumn{1}{@{\hspace{.6ex}}c@{\hspace{.6ex}}}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{$#1$}}}
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{4}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{5}}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{1}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{2}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{3}}\\
+        \end{array}$}},\emptyset,\raisebox{-.6ex}{\rotatebox{45}{$\begin{array}[t]{*{3}c}\\
+        \lr{\rotatebox{-45}{9}}\\
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{8}}\\
+        &\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{6}}&\lr{\rotatebox{-45}{7}}\\
+        \end{array}$}}
+        }
+
+        sage: Tableaux.options._reset()
+    """
+    lr = lr_macro.substitute(bar='|' if with_lines else '')
+    if Tableaux.options.convention == "English":
+        return '{%s\n%s\n}' % (lr, ','.join(
+            r'\emptyset' if not comp else tex_from_skew_array(comp, with_lines) for comp in a_tuple))
+    else:
+        return '{%s\n%s\n}' % (lr, ','.join(
+            r'\emptyset' if not comp else tex_from_skew_array(comp[::-1], with_lines, align='t') for comp in a_tuple))
+
+
+def tex_from_skew_array(array, with_lines=False, align='b') -> str:
+    r"""
+    Create latex code for a "skew composition" ``array``.
+
+    That is, for a two dimensional array in which each row can begin
+    with an arbitrary number ``None``'s and the remaining entries
+    could, in principle, be anything but probably should be strings or
+    integers of similar width. A row consisting completely of
+    ``None``'s is allowed.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``array`` -- the array
+
+    - ``with_lines`` -- (default: ``False``) if ``True`` lines are drawn, if
+      ``False`` they are not
+
+    - ``align`` -- (default: ``'b'``) determine the alignment on the latex
+      array environments
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: array=[[None, 2,3,4],[None,None],[5,6,7,8]]
+        sage: print(sage.combinat.output.tex_from_skew_array(array))
+        \raisebox{-.6ex}{$\begin{array}[b]{*{4}c}\\
+        &\lr{2}&\lr{3}&\lr{4}\\
+        &\\
+        \lr{5}&\lr{6}&\lr{7}&\lr{8}\\
+        \end{array}$}
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: sage.combinat.output.tex_from_skew_array([(1,2,3), (2,3,4)])
+        '\\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\\begin{array}[b]{*{3}c}\\\\\n\\lr{1}&\\lr{2}&\\lr{3}\\\\\n\\lr{2}&\\lr{3}&\\lr{4}\\\\\n\\end{array}$}'
+        sage: sage.combinat.output.tex_from_skew_array([((1,2,),)])
+        '\\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\\begin{array}[b]{*{1}c}\\\\\n\\lr{(1, 2)}\\\\\n\\end{array}$}'
+    """
+    # first identify where the None's appear in ``array`` and define a
+    # function end_line which puts in the required \cline's.
+    if with_lines:
+        # last position of None in each row
+        nones = [1 if None not in row else 1 + len(row) - row[::-1].index(None)
+                 for row in array]
+
+        def end_line(r):
+            # in a slightly unpythonic way, we label the lines as 0, 1, ..., len(array)
+            if r == 0:
+                return r'\cline{%s-%s}' % (nones[0], len(array[0]))
+            elif r == len(array):
+                start = nones[r-1]
+                finish = len(array[r-1])
+            else:
+                start = min(nones[r], nones[r-1])
+                finish = max(len(array[r]), len(array[r-1]))
+            return r'\\' if start > finish else r'\\\cline{%s-%s}' % (start, finish)
+    else:
+        def end_line(r):
+            return r'\\'
+
+    # now we draw the array
+    raisebox_start = r'\raisebox{-.6ex}{'
+    raisebox_end = r'}'
+    lr_start = r'\lr{'
+    lr_end = r'}'
+    if Tableaux.options.convention == "Russian":
+        raisebox_start += r'\rotatebox{45}{'
+        raisebox_end += r'}'
+        lr_start += r'\rotatebox{-45}{'
+        lr_end += r'}'
+
+    tex = r'%s$\begin{array}[%s]{*{%s}c}' % (raisebox_start, align, max(map(len, array)))
+    tex += end_line(0)+'\n'
+    for r in range(len(array)):
+        tex += '&'.join('' if c is None else r'%s%s%s' % (lr_start, c, lr_end)
+                        for c in array[r])
+        tex += end_line(r+1)+'\n'
+    return tex + r'\end{array}$' + raisebox_end
+
+
+def svg_from_skew_array(array, with_lines=False, align='b') -> str:
+    """
+    Return the svg code for this skew array.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: array=[[None, 2,3,4],[None,None],[5,6,7,8]]
+        sage: sage.combinat.output.svg_from_skew_array(array)
+        '<?xml version="1.0" ...</svg>'
+    """
+    resu = '<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"no\"?>'
+    resu += '<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" '
+    resu += 'xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" width=\"300\" viewBox='
+
+    resu1 = '<defs><polygon points=\"0, 0 10, 0 10, 10 0, 10\" '
+    resu1 += 'id=\"square\" style=\"stroke-width:0.1;stroke:black;fill:white\"/></defs>'
+    resu1 += '<g style=\"stroke-width:0.1;fill:steelblue;font-size:6;dominant-baseline:middle;text-anchor:middle\">'
+
+    Nx = max((len(line) for line in array), default=0)
+    Ny = len(array)
+    # viewBox
+    resu += '\"%.3f %.3f %.3f %.3f \">' % (-5, -5,
+                                           10 * Nx + 10, 10 * Ny + 10)
+    resu += resu1
+
+    for i, line in enumerate(array):
+        ci = 10 * i
+        for j, content in enumerate(line):
+            cj = 10 * j
+            if content is not None:
+                resu += '<use transform=\"translate(%.3f, %.3f)' % (cj, ci)
+                resu += '\" xlink:href=\"#square\" />'
+                resu += f'<text x=\"{cj + 5}\" y=\"{ci + 5}\">{content}</text>'
+    return resu + '</g></svg>'
+
+
+def ascii_art_table(data, use_unicode=False, convention='English'):
+    r"""
+    Return an ascii art table of ``data``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.output import ascii_art_table
+
+        sage: data = [[None, None, 1], [2, 2], [3,4,5], [None, None, 10], [], [6]]
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table(data))
+                +----+
+                | 1  |
+        +---+---+----+
+        | 2 | 2 |
+        +---+---+----+
+        | 3 | 4 | 5  |
+        +---+---+----+
+                | 10 |
+                +----+
+        <BLANKLINE>
+        +---+
+        | 6 |
+        +---+
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table(data, use_unicode=True))
+                ┌────┐
+                │ 1  │
+        ┌───┬───┼────┘
+        │ 2 │ 2 │
+        ├───┼───┼────┐
+        │ 3 │ 4 │ 5  │
+        └───┴───┼────┤
+                │ 10 │
+                └────┘
+        <BLANKLINE>
+        ┌───┐
+        │ 6 │
+        └───┘
+
+        sage: data = [[1, None, 2], [None, 2]]
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table(data))
+        +---+   +---+
+        | 1 |   | 2 |
+        +---+---+---+
+            | 2 |
+            +---+
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table(data, use_unicode=True))
+        ┌───┐   ┌───┐
+        │ 1 │   │ 2 │
+        └───┼───┼───┘
+            │ 2 │
+            └───┘
+    """
+    if convention == "Russian":
+        return ascii_art_table_russian(data, use_unicode)
+
+    if use_unicode:
+        import unicodedata
+        v = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL')
+        h = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL')
+        dl = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT')
+        dr = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT')
+        ul = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT')
+        ur = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT')
+        vr = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT')
+        vl = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT')
+        uh = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL')
+        dh = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL')
+        vh = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL')
+        from sage.typeset.unicode_art import unicode_art as art
+    else:
+        v = '|'
+        h = '-'
+        dl = dr = ul = ur = vr = vl = uh = dh = vh = '+'
+        from sage.typeset.ascii_art import ascii_art as art
+
+    if not data:
+        # return dr + dl + '\n' + ur + ul
+        return ''
+
+    # Convert the input into a rectangular array with the top and bottom row
+    #   being all None's for ease later on.
+    ncols = max(len(row) for row in data)
+    str_tab = [[None]*ncols] + [[art(val) if val is not None else None for val in row] + [None]*(ncols-len(row))
+                                for row in data]
+    str_tab.append([None]*ncols)
+    # Get the widths of the columns
+    col_widths = [1]*len(str_tab[0])
+    if use_unicode:
+        # Special handling of overline not adding to printed length
+        def get_len(e):
+            if e is None:
+                return 0
+            return len(e) - list(str(e)).count("\u0304")
+    else:
+        def get_len(e):
+            if e is None:
+                return 0
+            return len(e)
+    for row in str_tab:
+        for i, e in enumerate(row):
+            col_widths[i] = max(col_widths[i], get_len(e))
+
+    matr = []  # just the list of lines
+    for nrow, row in enumerate(str_tab):
+        if nrow == 0:  # skip the first row
+            continue
+
+        l1 = ""
+        l2 = ""
+        for i, (e, w) in enumerate(zip(row, col_widths)):
+            prev_row = str_tab[nrow-1]
+            if i == 0:
+                if e is None:
+                    if prev_row[i] is None:
+                        l1 += " "*(3+w)
+                    else:
+                        l1 += ur + h*(2+w)
+                    l2 += " "*(3+w)
+                else:
+                    if prev_row[i] is None:
+                        l1 += dr + h*(2+w)
+                    else:
+                        l1 += vr + h*(2+w)
+                    l2 += "{} {:^{width}} ".format(v, e, width=w)
+            else:
+                if e is None:
+                    if row[i-1] is None:
+                        if prev_row[i-1] is None:
+                            if prev_row[i] is None:
+                                l1 += " "*(3+w)
+                            else:
+                                l1 += ur + h*(2+w)
+                        else:
+                            if prev_row[i] is None:
+                                l1 += ul + " "*(2+w)
+                            else:
+                                l1 += uh + h*(2+w)
+                        l2 += " "*(3+w)
+                    else:
+                        if prev_row[i-1] is None:
+                            if prev_row[i] is None:
+                                l1 += dl + " "*(2+w)
+                            else:
+                                l1 += vh + h*(2+w)
+                        else:
+                            if prev_row[i] is None:
+                                l1 += vl + " "*(2+w)
+                            else:
+                                l1 += vh + h*(2+w)
+                        l2 += v + " "*(2+w)
+                else:
+                    if row[i-1] is None:
+                        if prev_row[i-1] is None:
+                            if prev_row[i] is None:
+                                l1 += dr + h*(2+w)
+                            else:
+                                l1 += vr + h*(2+w)
+                        else:
+                            l1 += vh + h*(2+w)
+                    else:
+                        if prev_row[i-1] is None and prev_row[i] is None:
+                            l1 += dh + h*(2+w)
+                        else:
+                            l1 += vh + h*(2+w)
+                    l2 += "{} {:^{width}} ".format(v, e, width=w)
+
+        if row[-1] is None:
+            if prev_row[-1] is None:
+                l1 += " "
+            else:
+                l1 += ul
+            l2 += " "
+        else:
+            if prev_row[-1] is None:
+                l1 += dl
+            else:
+                l1 += vl
+            l2 += v
+
+        matr.append(l1)
+        matr.append(l2)
+
+    matr.pop()  # Remove the last row (which is blank)
+
+    if convention == "English":
+        return "\n".join(matr)
+    else:
+        output = "\n".join(reversed(matr))
+        if use_unicode:
+            tr = {
+                ord(dl): ul, ord(dr): ur,
+                ord(ul): dl, ord(ur): dr,
+                ord(dh): uh, ord(uh): dh}
+            return output.translate(tr)
+        else:
+            return output
+
+
+def ascii_art_table_russian(data, use_unicode=False, compact=False):
+    r"""
+    Return an ascii art table of ``data`` for the russian convention.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.output import ascii_art_table_russian
+        sage: data = [[None, None, 1], [2, 2], [3,4,5], [None, None, 10], [], [6]]
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table_russian(data))
+           / \         / \
+          /   \       /   \
+         \  6  /     \ 10  \
+          \   /       \   / \
+           \ /         \ /   \
+                        X  5  /
+                       / \   /
+                      /   \ /
+                     /  4  X
+                    / \   / \   / \
+                   /   \ /   \ /   \
+                  \  3  X  2  X  1  /
+                   \   / \   / \   /
+                    \ /   \ /   \ /
+                     \  2  /
+                      \   /
+                       \ /
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table_russian(data, use_unicode=True))
+           ╱ ╲         ╱ ╲
+          ╱   ╲       ╱   ╲
+         ╲  6  ╱     ╲ 10  ╲
+          ╲   ╱       ╲   ╱ ╲
+           ╲ ╱         ╲ ╱   ╲
+                        ╳  5  ╱
+                       ╱ ╲   ╱
+                      ╱   ╲ ╱
+                     ╱  4  ╳
+                    ╱ ╲   ╱ ╲   ╱ ╲
+                   ╱   ╲ ╱   ╲ ╱   ╲
+                  ╲  3  ╳  2  ╳  1  ╱
+                   ╲   ╱ ╲   ╱ ╲   ╱
+                    ╲ ╱   ╲ ╱   ╲ ╱
+                     ╲  2  ╱
+                      ╲   ╱
+                       ╲ ╱
+        sage: data = [[1, None, 2], [None, 2]]
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table_russian(data))
+          / \ / \
+         \ 2 X 2 /
+          \ / \ /
+           X
+          / \
+         \ 1 /
+          \ /
+        sage: print(ascii_art_table_russian(data, use_unicode=True))
+          ╱ ╲ ╱ ╲
+         ╲ 2 ╳ 2 ╱
+          ╲ ╱ ╲ ╱
+           ╳
+          ╱ ╲
+         ╲ 1 ╱
+          ╲ ╱
+    """
+    if use_unicode:
+        import unicodedata
+        urdl = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT')
+        uldr = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT')
+        x = unicodedata.lookup('BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS')
+    else:
+        urdl = '/'
+        uldr = '\\'
+        x = 'X'
+
+    if not data:
+        # return urdl + uldr + '\n' + uldr + urdl
+        return ''
+
+    if use_unicode:
+        # Special handling of overline not adding to printed length
+        def get_len(e):
+            if e is None:
+                return 0
+            return len(e) - list(str(e)).count("\u0304")
+    else:
+        def get_len(e):
+            if e is None:
+                return 0
+            return len(e)
+
+    # Length of max string (ensure it's odd)
+    str_tab = [[str(val) if val is not None else None for val in row] for row in data]
+    max_str = max([max([1] + [get_len(e) for e in row]) for row in str_tab])
+    max_str = max_str + 1 - (max_str % 2)
+
+    if compact:
+        diag_length = max_str
+    else:
+        diag_length = max_str + 2  # space on both sides
+
+    row_height = int((diag_length + 1) // 2)
+    max_height = max(a + len(val) for a, val in enumerate(str_tab))
+    str_list = []
+    for k in range(max_height, -1, -1):
+        for i in range(row_height):
+            if k == max_height and i == 0:
+                continue
+            st = ' ' * ((max_height - k) * row_height)
+            for j in range(k + 1):
+                N_box = box_exists(str_tab, k-j+1, j)
+                S_box = box_exists(str_tab, k-j, j-1)
+                SE_box = box_exists(str_tab, k-j-1, j)
+                E_box = box_exists(str_tab, k-j, j)
+                W_box = box_exists(str_tab, k-j+1, j-1)
+                if i == 0:
+                    if (N_box and S_box) or (W_box and E_box):
+                        st += x
+                    elif (E_box and S_box) or (W_box and N_box):
+                        st += urdl
+                    elif (E_box and N_box) or (W_box and S_box):
+                        st += uldr
+                    elif E_box:
+                        st += uldr
+                    elif W_box:
+                        st += urdl
+                    else:
+                        st += ' '
+                    if E_box:
+                        st_num = str_tab[k-j][j]
+                        ln_left = len(st_num) // 2
+                        st += st_num.rjust(row_height - 1 - ln_left + len(st_num), ' ').ljust(diag_length, ' ')
+                    else:
+                        st += ' ' * diag_length
+                    if j == k and E_box:
+                        st += urdl
+                else:
+                    lstr = ' '
+                    rstr = ' '
+                    if E_box or S_box:
+                        lstr = uldr
+                    if E_box or SE_box:
+                        rstr = urdl
+                    st += ' ' * i
+                    st += lstr
+                    st += ' ' * (2 * (row_height - i) - 1)
+                    st += rstr
+                    st += ' ' * (i-1)
+            str_list.append(st)
+
+    import re
+    mm = min(len(re.search('^ +', ell)[0]) for ell in str_list) - 1
+    str_list = [ell[mm:].rstrip() for ell in str_list]
+    while not str_list[-1]:
+        str_list.pop()
+    return "\n".join(str_list)
+
+
+def box_exists(tab, i, j) -> bool:
+    r"""
+    Return ``True`` if ``tab[i][j]`` exists and is not ``None``.
+
+    In particular this
+    allows for `tab[i][j]` to be ``''`` or ``0``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``tab`` -- list of lists
+    - ``i`` -- first coordinate
+    - ``j`` -- second coordinate
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.combinat.output import box_exists
+        sage: tab = [[1,None,'', 0],[None]]
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 0, 0)
+        True
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 0, 1)
+        False
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 0, 2)
+        True
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 0, 3)
+        True
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 0, 4)
+        False
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 1, 0)
+        False
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 1, 1)
+        False
+        sage: box_exists(tab, 0, -1)
+        False
+    """
+    if j < 0 or i < 0:
+        return False
+    return len(tab) > i and len(tab[i]) > j and tab[i][j] is not None