oscura 0.5.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

oscura/automotive/can/dbc_generator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+"""DBC (CAN Database) file generator from reverse-engineered CAN protocols.
+
+This module provides functionality to generate DBC files from CAN message
+specifications, supporting all DBC elements including messages, signals,
+enums, comments, and attributes.
+
+DBC Format Reference:
+    Vector DBC File Format Specification
+    https://www.csselectronics.com/pages/can-dbc-file-format-explained
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DBCGenerator",
+    "DBCMessage",
+    "DBCNode",
+    "DBCSignal",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DBCSignal:
+    """DBC signal definition.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: Signal name (must be valid C identifier).
+        start_bit: Starting bit position (0-63).
+        bit_length: Signal length in bits (1-64).
+        byte_order: Byte order - "little_endian" (Intel) or "big_endian" (Motorola).
+        value_type: Value type - "unsigned" or "signed".
+        factor: Scaling factor (physical = raw * factor + offset).
+        offset: Value offset.
+        min_value: Minimum physical value.
+        max_value: Maximum physical value.
+        unit: Physical unit (e.g., "rpm", "km/h", "°C").
+        receivers: List of receiving nodes (ECUs).
+        value_table: Optional mapping of raw values to descriptions.
+        comment: Signal description/documentation.
+        multiplexer_indicator: Multiplexer indicator ("M" for multiplexer, "mX" for
+            multiplexed where X is the multiplexer value).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> signal = DBCSignal(
+        ...     name="EngineSpeed",
+        ...     start_bit=0,
+        ...     bit_length=16,
+        ...     byte_order="little_endian",
+        ...     value_type="unsigned",
+        ...     factor=0.25,
+        ...     offset=0.0,
+        ...     min_value=0.0,
+        ...     max_value=16383.75,
+        ...     unit="rpm",
+        ...     receivers=["Gateway", "Dashboard"],
+        ... )
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    start_bit: int
+    bit_length: int
+    byte_order: Literal["little_endian", "big_endian"] = "little_endian"
+    value_type: Literal["unsigned", "signed"] = "unsigned"
+    factor: float = 1.0
+    offset: float = 0.0
+    min_value: float = 0.0
+    max_value: float = 0.0
+    unit: str = ""
+    receivers: list[str] = field(default_factory=lambda: ["Vector__XXX"])
+    value_table: dict[int, str] | None = None
+    comment: str = ""
+    multiplexer_indicator: str | None = None
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        """Validate signal definition."""
+        if self.bit_length < 1 or self.bit_length > 64:
+            raise ValueError(f"bit_length must be 1-64, got {self.bit_length}")
+        if self.start_bit < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"start_bit must be >= 0, got {self.start_bit}")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DBCMessage:
+    """DBC message definition.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message_id: CAN message ID (11-bit: 0-0x7FF, 29-bit: 0-0x1FFFFFFF).
+        name: Message name (must be valid C identifier).
+        dlc: Data Length Code (0-8 for CAN 2.0, up to 64 for CAN-FD).
+        sender: Transmitting node (ECU) name.
+        signals: List of signals in this message.
+        comment: Message description/documentation.
+        cycle_time: Message transmission cycle time in milliseconds.
+        send_type: Transmission type ("Cyclic", "Event", "IfActive", etc.).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> msg = DBCMessage(
+        ...     message_id=0x200,
+        ...     name="EngineData",
+        ...     dlc=8,
+        ...     sender="ECU_Engine",
+        ...     signals=[...],
+        ...     comment="Engine status and RPM",
+        ...     cycle_time=10,
+        ...     send_type="Cyclic",
+        ... )
+    """
+
+    message_id: int
+    name: str
+    dlc: int
+    sender: str = "Vector__XXX"
+    signals: list[DBCSignal] = field(default_factory=list)
+    comment: str = ""
+    cycle_time: int | None = None
+    send_type: str = "Cyclic"
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        """Validate message definition."""
+        if self.message_id < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"message_id must be >= 0, got {self.message_id}")
+        if self.dlc < 0 or self.dlc > 64:
+            raise ValueError(f"dlc must be 0-64, got {self.dlc}")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DBCNode:
+    """DBC network node (ECU) definition.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: Node name (must be valid C identifier).
+        comment: Node description/documentation.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> node = DBCNode(name="ECU_Engine", comment="Engine Control Unit")
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    comment: str = ""
+
+
+class DBCGenerator:
+    """DBC file generator from CAN specifications.
+
+    This class generates complete DBC files from message and signal definitions,
+    including all standard DBC sections (nodes, messages, signals, value tables,
+    comments, attributes).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+        >>> gen.add_node(DBCNode("ECU_Engine", "Engine Control Unit"))
+        >>> gen.add_node(DBCNode("Gateway"))
+        >>> signal = DBCSignal(
+        ...     name="EngineSpeed",
+        ...     start_bit=0,
+        ...     bit_length=16,
+        ...     factor=0.25,
+        ...     unit="rpm",
+        ...     receivers=["Gateway"],
+        ... )
+        >>> msg = DBCMessage(
+        ...     message_id=0x200,
+        ...     name="EngineData",
+        ...     dlc=8,
+        ...     sender="ECU_Engine",
+        ...     signals=[signal],
+        ... )
+        >>> gen.add_message(msg)
+        >>> gen.generate(Path("output.dbc"))
+    """
+
+    VERSION = "1.0"
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize DBC generator."""
+        self.nodes: list[DBCNode] = []
+        self.messages: list[DBCMessage] = []
+        self.value_tables: dict[str, dict[int, str]] = {}
+        self.environment_variables: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def add_node(self, node: DBCNode) -> None:
+        """Add network node (ECU).
+
+        Args:
+            node: Node definition to add.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+            >>> gen.add_node(DBCNode("ECU_Engine", "Engine Control Unit"))
+        """
+        self.nodes.append(node)
+
+    def add_message(self, message: DBCMessage) -> None:
+        """Add CAN message definition.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message definition to add.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+            >>> msg = DBCMessage(0x200, "EngineData", 8, "ECU_Engine")
+            >>> gen.add_message(msg)
+        """
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def add_value_table(self, name: str, values: dict[int, str]) -> None:
+        """Add value table (enum) for signals.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Value table name.
+            values: Mapping of raw values to descriptions.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+            >>> gen.add_value_table("GearPosition", {
+            ...     0: "Park",
+            ...     1: "Reverse",
+            ...     2: "Neutral",
+            ...     3: "Drive",
+            ... })
+        """
+        self.value_tables[name] = values
+
+    def generate(self, output_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Generate complete DBC file.
+
+        DBC file structure (in order):
+        1. VERSION
+        2. NS_ (New symbols)
+        3. BS_ (Bit timing)
+        4. BU_ (Network nodes)
+        5. VAL_TABLE_ (Value tables)
+        6. BO_ (Messages with signals)
+        7. CM_ (Comments)
+        8. BA_DEF_ (Attribute definitions)
+        9. BA_ (Attribute values)
+        10. VAL_ (Signal value descriptions)
+
+        Args:
+            output_path: Path to output DBC file.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+            >>> # ... add nodes, messages, signals ...
+            >>> gen.generate(Path("network.dbc"))
+        """
+        dbc_lines = []
+
+        # Header
+        dbc_lines.append(self._generate_header())
+
+        # Nodes
+        dbc_lines.append(self._generate_nodes())
+
+        # Value tables
+        value_tables = self._generate_value_tables()
+        if value_tables:
+            dbc_lines.append(value_tables)
+
+        # Messages and signals
+        dbc_lines.append(self._generate_messages())
+
+        # Comments
+        comments = self._generate_comments()
+        if comments:
+            dbc_lines.append(comments)
+
+        # Attributes
+        attributes = self._generate_attributes()
+        if attributes:
+            dbc_lines.append(attributes)
+
+        # Value descriptions
+        value_desc = self._generate_value_descriptions()
+        if value_desc:
+            dbc_lines.append(value_desc)
+
+        dbc_content = "\n".join(dbc_lines)
+
+        # Write to file
+        output_path.write_text(dbc_content, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    def _generate_header(self) -> str:
+        """Generate DBC file header.
+
+        Returns:
+            Header section with VERSION, NS_, and BS_.
+        """
+        return f"""VERSION "{self.VERSION}"
+
+
+NS_ :
+\tNS_DESC_
+\tCM_
+\tBA_DEF_
+\tBA_
+\tVAL_
+\tCAT_DEF_
+\tCAT_
+\tFILTER
+\tBA_DEF_DEF_
+\tEV_DATA_
+\tENVVAR_DATA_
+\tSGTYPE_
+\tSGTYPE_VAL_
+\tBA_DEF_SGTYPE_
+\tBA_SGTYPE_
+\tSIG_TYPE_REF_
+\tVAL_TABLE_
+\tSIG_GROUP_
+\tSIG_VALTYPE_
+\tSIGTYPE_VALTYPE_
+\tBO_TX_BU_
+\tBA_DEF_REL_
+\tBA_REL_
+\tBA_SGTYPE_REL_
+\tSG_MUL_VAL_
+
+BS_:"""
+
+    def _generate_nodes(self) -> str:
+        """Generate BU_ (nodes/ECUs) section.
+
+        Returns:
+            BU_ section with all network nodes.
+        """
+        if not self.nodes:
+            return "BU_:"
+
+        node_names = " ".join(node.name for node in self.nodes)
+        return f"BU_: {node_names}"
+
+    def _generate_value_tables(self) -> str:
+        """Generate VAL_TABLE_ section.
+
+        Returns:
+            VAL_TABLE_ section with all value tables, or empty string if none.
+        """
+        if not self.value_tables:
+            return ""
+
+        lines = []
+        for name, values in sorted(self.value_tables.items()):
+            value_pairs = " ".join(f'{val} "{desc}"' for val, desc in sorted(values.items()))
+            lines.append(f"VAL_TABLE_ {name} {value_pairs} ;")
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def _generate_messages(self) -> str:
+        """Generate BO_ (messages) section.
+
+        Returns:
+            BO_ section with all messages and their signals.
+        """
+        if not self.messages:
+            return ""
+
+        lines = []
+
+        for message in sorted(self.messages, key=lambda m: m.message_id):
+            # Message line: BO_ MessageID MessageName: DLC Sender
+            lines.append(f"BO_ {message.message_id} {message.name}: {message.dlc} {message.sender}")
+
+            # Signal lines
+            for signal in message.signals:
+                lines.append(self._generate_signal(signal, message.message_id))
+
+            # Blank line between messages
+            lines.append("")
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def _generate_signal(self, signal: DBCSignal, message_id: int) -> str:
+        """Generate SG_ (signal) line.
+
+        Format:
+            SG_ SignalName [M|mX] : StartBit|BitLength@ByteOrder ValueType
+                (Factor,Offset) [Min|Max] "Unit" Receivers
+
+        Where:
+            ByteOrder: 1 = little endian (Intel), 0 = big endian (Motorola)
+            ValueType: + = unsigned, - = signed
+
+        Args:
+            signal: Signal definition.
+            message_id: Parent message ID (used for Motorola bit calculation).
+
+        Returns:
+            Formatted signal line.
+        """
+        # Determine byte order indicator (1 = Intel/little, 0 = Motorola/big)
+        byte_order_indicator = "1" if signal.byte_order == "little_endian" else "0"
+
+        # Convert start_bit to DBC format
+        # For Intel (little-endian): start_bit is LSB position (use as-is)
+        # For Motorola (big-endian): start_bit must be MSB position
+        if signal.byte_order == "big_endian":
+            # Convert from Intel LSB position to Motorola MSB position
+            # Motorola start_bit = Intel start_bit + bit_length - 1
+            start_bit = signal.start_bit + signal.bit_length - 1
+        else:
+            start_bit = signal.start_bit
+
+        # Determine value type (+ = unsigned, - = signed)
+        value_type_indicator = "+" if signal.value_type == "unsigned" else "-"
+
+        # Multiplexer indicator
+        multiplex = ""
+        if signal.multiplexer_indicator:
+            multiplex = f" {signal.multiplexer_indicator}"
+
+        # Receivers
+        receivers = ",".join(signal.receivers)
+
+        return (
+            f" SG_ {signal.name}{multiplex} : {start_bit}|{signal.bit_length}@"
+            f"{byte_order_indicator}{value_type_indicator} "
+            f"({signal.factor},{signal.offset}) "
+            f"[{signal.min_value}|{signal.max_value}] "
+            f'"{signal.unit}" {receivers}'
+        )
+
+    def _generate_comments(self) -> str:
+        """Generate CM_ (comments) section.
+
+        Returns:
+            CM_ section with all comments, or empty string if none.
+        """
+        lines = []
+
+        # Node comments
+        for node in self.nodes:
+            if node.comment:
+                lines.append(f'CM_ BU_ {node.name} "{node.comment}";')
+
+        # Message comments
+        for message in self.messages:
+            if message.comment:
+                lines.append(f'CM_ BO_ {message.message_id} "{message.comment}";')
+
+        # Signal comments
+        for message in self.messages:
+            for signal in message.signals:
+                if signal.comment:
+                    lines.append(f'CM_ SG_ {message.message_id} {signal.name} "{signal.comment}";')
+
+        return "\n".join(lines) if lines else ""
+
+    def _generate_attributes(self) -> str:
+        """Generate BA_ (attributes) section.
+
+        Returns:
+            BA_ section with attribute definitions and values.
+        """
+        lines = []
+
+        # Define standard attributes
+        lines.append('BA_DEF_ "BusType" STRING ;')
+        lines.append('BA_DEF_ BO_ "GenMsgCycleTime" INT 0 10000;')
+        lines.append('BA_DEF_ BO_ "GenMsgSendType" STRING ;')
+
+        # Default attribute values
+        lines.append('BA_DEF_DEF_ "BusType" "CAN";')
+        lines.append('BA_DEF_DEF_ "GenMsgCycleTime" 0;')
+        lines.append('BA_DEF_DEF_ "GenMsgSendType" "Cyclic";')
+
+        # Message-specific attribute values
+        for message in self.messages:
+            if message.cycle_time is not None:
+                lines.append(
+                    f'BA_ "GenMsgCycleTime" BO_ {message.message_id} {message.cycle_time};'
+                )
+            if message.send_type:
+                lines.append(
+                    f'BA_ "GenMsgSendType" BO_ {message.message_id} "{message.send_type}";'
+                )
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def _generate_value_descriptions(self) -> str:
+        """Generate VAL_ (signal value descriptions) section.
+
+        Returns:
+            VAL_ section with signal value descriptions, or empty string if none.
+        """
+        lines = []
+
+        for message in self.messages:
+            for signal in message.signals:
+                if signal.value_table:
+                    value_pairs = " ".join(
+                        f'{val} "{desc}"' for val, desc in sorted(signal.value_table.items())
+                    )
+                    lines.append(f"VAL_ {message.message_id} {signal.name} {value_pairs} ;")
+
+        return "\n".join(lines) if lines else ""
+
+    def _calculate_motorola_start_bit(self, start_bit: int, bit_length: int) -> int:
+        """Calculate start bit for Motorola (big-endian) byte order.
+
+        In DBC files, Motorola (big-endian) signals use the MSB position as the start bit.
+        Intel (little-endian) signals use the LSB position as the start bit.
+
+        For Motorola byte order, the start bit is simply the MSB position,
+        which is start_bit + bit_length - 1.
+
+        Args:
+            start_bit: Intel (little-endian) start bit position (LSB).
+            bit_length: Signal length in bits.
+
+        Returns:
+            Motorola (big-endian) start bit position (MSB).
+
+        Example:
+            >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+            >>> # 8-bit signal starting at bit 0 (Intel LSB)
+            >>> # Bits 0-7 -> MSB is at bit 7
+            >>> gen._calculate_motorola_start_bit(0, 8)
+            7
+            >>> # 16-bit signal starting at bit 0 (Intel LSB)
+            >>> # Bits 0-15 -> MSB is at bit 15
+            >>> gen._calculate_motorola_start_bit(0, 16)
+            15
+        """
+        # Motorola start bit is simply the MSB position
+        return start_bit + bit_length - 1
+
+    def validate_dbc(self, dbc_content: str) -> bool:
+        """Validate generated DBC syntax.
+
+        Basic syntax validation checking for:
+        - Required sections (VERSION, NS_, BS_, BU_)
+        - Well-formed message definitions
+        - Well-formed signal definitions
+
+        Args:
+            dbc_content: DBC file content to validate.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if basic syntax is valid, False otherwise.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> gen = DBCGenerator()
+            >>> gen.add_node(DBCNode("Test"))
+            >>> msg = DBCMessage(0x100, "TestMsg", 8, "Test")
+            >>> gen.add_message(msg)
+            >>> from pathlib import Path
+            >>> import tempfile
+            >>> with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='.dbc', delete=False) as f:
+            ...     gen.generate(Path(f.name))
+            ...     content = Path(f.name).read_text()
+            ...     gen.validate_dbc(content)
+            True
+        """
+        lines = dbc_content.strip().split("\n")
+
+        # Check for required sections
+        has_version = any(line.startswith("VERSION") for line in lines)
+        has_ns = any(line.startswith("NS_") for line in lines)
+        has_bs = any(line.startswith("BS_") for line in lines)
+        has_bu = any(line.startswith("BU_") for line in lines)
+
+        if not (has_version and has_ns and has_bs and has_bu):
+            return False
+
+        # Check message definitions (BO_)
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.startswith("BO_ "):
+                # Format: BO_ <ID> <Name>: <DLC> <Sender>
+                parts = line.split()
+                if len(parts) < 5:
+                    return False
+                try:
+                    int(parts[1])  # Message ID
+                    int(parts[3])  # DLC (after colon)
+                except (ValueError, IndexError):
+                    return False
+
+        # Check signal definitions (SG_)
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.strip().startswith("SG_ "):
+                # Format: SG_ <Name> : <StartBit>|<Length>@<ByteOrder><ValueType> ...
+                if "|" not in line or "@" not in line:
+                    return False
+
+        return True