oscura 0.5.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

oscura/analyzers/power/switching.py

@@ -47,165 +47,246 @@ class SwitchingEvent:
     event_type: Literal["turn_on", "turn_off"]
 
 
-def switching_loss(
+def _prepare_switching_data(
     voltage: WaveformTrace,
     current: WaveformTrace,
-    *,
-    v_threshold: float | None = None,
-    i_threshold: float | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Calculate switching losses for a power device.
-
-    Analyzes voltage and current waveforms to find switching transitions
-    and calculate turn-on and turn-off energy losses.
+) -> tuple[NDArray[np.floating[Any]], NDArray[np.floating[Any]], NDArray[np.floating[Any]], float]:
+    """Prepare synchronized voltage, current, and power arrays.
 
     Args:
-        voltage: Drain-source (or collector-emitter) voltage trace.
-        current: Drain (or collector) current trace.
-        v_threshold: Voltage threshold for on/off detection.
-                    If None, uses 10% of peak voltage.
-        i_threshold: Current threshold for on/off detection.
-                    If None, uses 10% of peak current.
+        voltage: Drain-source voltage trace.
+        current: Drain current trace.
 
     Returns:
-        Dictionary with:
-        - e_on: Turn-on energy per event (Joules)
-        - e_off: Turn-off energy per event (Joules)
-        - e_total: Total switching energy per cycle (Joules)
-        - p_sw: Switching power at estimated frequency (Watts)
-        - events: List of SwitchingEvent objects
-        - n_turn_on: Number of turn-on events
-        - n_turn_off: Number of turn-off events
-
-    Example:
-        >>> losses = switching_loss(v_ds, i_d)
-        >>> print(f"E_on: {losses['e_on']*1e6:.2f} uJ")
-        >>> print(f"E_off: {losses['e_off']*1e6:.2f} uJ")
-        >>> print(f"Switching power @ 100kHz: {losses['p_sw']*100e3:.2f} W")
-
-    References:
-        Infineon Application Note AN-9010
+        Tuple of (v_data, i_data, p_data, sample_period).
     """
-    # Calculate instantaneous power
     power = instantaneous_power(voltage, current)
-
-    # Ensure i_data matches v_data length (handle mismatched array sizes)
     min_len = min(len(voltage.data), len(current.data))
     v_data = voltage.data[:min_len]
     i_data = current.data[:min_len]
     p_data = power.data[:min_len]
     sample_period = power.metadata.time_base
+    return v_data, i_data, p_data, sample_period
+
+
+def _compute_thresholds(
+    v_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    i_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    v_threshold: float | None,
+    i_threshold: float | None,
+    hysteresis_factor: float = 0.2,
+) -> tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]:
+    """Compute voltage and current thresholds with hysteresis.
+
+    Args:
+        v_data: Voltage data array.
+        i_data: Current data array.
+        v_threshold: User-provided voltage threshold (or None for auto).
+        i_threshold: User-provided current threshold (or None for auto).
+        hysteresis_factor: Hysteresis band factor (default 20%).
 
-    # Auto-detect thresholds if not provided
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (v_threshold, i_threshold, v_high, v_low, i_high, i_low).
+    """
     if v_threshold is None:
         v_threshold = 0.1 * float(np.max(np.abs(v_data)))
     if i_threshold is None:
         i_threshold = 0.1 * float(np.max(np.abs(i_data)))
 
-    # Add hysteresis to prevent false transitions due to ringing (Schmitt trigger)
-    # Use 20% hysteresis band around thresholds
-    hysteresis_factor = 0.2
     v_threshold_high = v_threshold * (1 + hysteresis_factor)
     v_threshold_low = v_threshold * (1 - hysteresis_factor)
     i_threshold_high = i_threshold * (1 + hysteresis_factor)
     i_threshold_low = i_threshold * (1 - hysteresis_factor)
 
-    # Find switching events
-    events: list[SwitchingEvent] = []
+    return (
+        v_threshold,
+        i_threshold,
+        v_threshold_high,
+        v_threshold_low,
+        i_threshold_high,
+        i_threshold_low,
+    )
+
+
+def _build_device_state(
+    v_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    i_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    v_high: float,
+    v_low: float,
+    i_high: float,
+    i_low: float,
+) -> NDArray[np.signedinteger[Any]]:
+    """Build device state array using hysteresis comparator.
 
-    # Determine device state at each sample with hysteresis
-    # ON: low voltage, high current
-    # OFF: high voltage, low current
-    # Use hysteresis to avoid rapid state changes due to noise/ringing
-    device_state = np.zeros(min_len, dtype=int)  # 0=unknown, 1=on, 2=off
-    current_state = 0  # Start in unknown state
+    Args:
+        v_data: Voltage data array.
+        i_data: Current data array.
+        v_high: High voltage threshold.
+        v_low: Low voltage threshold.
+        i_high: High current threshold.
+        i_low: Low current threshold.
+
+    Returns:
+        State array: 0=unknown, 1=on (low V, high I), 2=off (high V, low I).
+    """
+    min_len = len(v_data)
+    device_state = np.zeros(min_len, dtype=int)
+    current_state = 0
 
     for i in range(min_len):
         v = v_data[i]
         i_val = i_data[i]
 
-        # Determine next state based on current state and measurements
         if current_state == 1:  # Currently ON
-            # Stay ON unless voltage goes high (with hysteresis)
-            if v > v_threshold_high:
+            if v > v_high:
                 current_state = 2  # Transition to OFF
         elif current_state == 2:  # Currently OFF
-            # Stay OFF unless voltage goes low (with hysteresis)
-            if v < v_threshold_low and i_val > i_threshold_low:
+            if v < v_low and i_val > i_low:
                 current_state = 1  # Transition to ON
-        else:  # Unknown state - determine initial state
-            if v < v_threshold_low and i_val > i_threshold_high:
+        else:  # Unknown state
+            if v < v_low and i_val > i_high:
                 current_state = 1  # ON
-            elif v > v_threshold_high and i_val < i_threshold_low:
+            elif v > v_high and i_val < i_low:
                 current_state = 2  # OFF
 
         device_state[i] = current_state
 
+    return device_state
+
+
+def _find_transition_events(
+    device_state: NDArray[np.signedinteger[Any]],
+    p_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    sample_period: float,
+) -> list[SwitchingEvent]:
+    """Find all switching events in device state trajectory.
+
+    Args:
+        device_state: State array (0=unknown, 1=on, 2=off).
+        p_data: Power data array.
+        sample_period: Sample period in seconds.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of switching events (turn-on and turn-off).
+    """
+    from scipy.integrate import trapezoid
+
+    events: list[SwitchingEvent] = []
     device_on = device_state == 1
     device_off = device_state == 2
 
-    # Find transitions
     i = 0
     while i < len(device_on) - 1:
-        # Look for turn-on: device was off, now turning on
+        # Check for turn-on transition
         if device_off[i] and not device_off[i + 1]:
-            # Find end of transition (device fully on)
-            start_idx = i
-            end_idx = start_idx + 1
-            while end_idx < len(device_on) and not device_on[end_idx]:
-                end_idx += 1
-
-            if end_idx < len(device_on):
-                # Calculate transition energy (scipy for stable API)
-                from scipy.integrate import trapezoid
-
-                transition_power = p_data[start_idx : end_idx + 1]
-                e = float(trapezoid(transition_power, dx=sample_period))
-                peak_p = float(np.max(transition_power))
-
-                events.append(
-                    SwitchingEvent(
-                        start_time=start_idx * sample_period,
-                        end_time=end_idx * sample_period,
-                        duration=(end_idx - start_idx) * sample_period,
-                        energy=e,
-                        peak_power=peak_p,
-                        event_type="turn_on",
-                    )
-                )
-                i = end_idx
+            event = _create_turn_on_event(i, device_on, p_data, sample_period, trapezoid)
+            if event:
+                events.append(event)
+                i = int(event.end_time / sample_period)
                 continue
 
-        # Look for turn-off: device was on, now turning off
+        # Check for turn-off transition
         if device_on[i] and not device_on[i + 1]:
-            start_idx = i
-            end_idx = start_idx + 1
-            while end_idx < len(device_off) and not device_off[end_idx]:
-                end_idx += 1
-
-            if end_idx < len(device_off):
-                from scipy.integrate import trapezoid
-
-                transition_power = p_data[start_idx : end_idx + 1]
-                e = float(trapezoid(transition_power, dx=sample_period))
-                peak_p = float(np.max(transition_power))
-
-                events.append(
-                    SwitchingEvent(
-                        start_time=start_idx * sample_period,
-                        end_time=end_idx * sample_period,
-                        duration=(end_idx - start_idx) * sample_period,
-                        energy=e,
-                        peak_power=peak_p,
-                        event_type="turn_off",
-                    )
-                )
-                i = end_idx
+            event = _create_turn_off_event(i, device_off, p_data, sample_period, trapezoid)
+            if event:
+                events.append(event)
+                i = int(event.end_time / sample_period)
                 continue
 
         i += 1
 
-    # Calculate average energies
+    return events
+
+
+def _create_turn_on_event(
+    start_idx: int,
+    device_on: NDArray[np.bool_],
+    p_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    sample_period: float,
+    trapezoid: Any,
+) -> SwitchingEvent | None:
+    """Create turn-on event from transition indices.
+
+    Args:
+        start_idx: Start index of transition.
+        device_on: Boolean array indicating ON state.
+        p_data: Power data array.
+        sample_period: Sample period in seconds.
+        trapezoid: Integration function.
+
+    Returns:
+        SwitchingEvent or None if invalid transition.
+    """
+    end_idx = start_idx + 1
+    while end_idx < len(device_on) and not device_on[end_idx]:
+        end_idx += 1
+
+    if end_idx >= len(device_on):
+        return None
+
+    transition_power = p_data[start_idx : end_idx + 1]
+    e = float(trapezoid(transition_power, dx=sample_period))
+    peak_p = float(np.max(transition_power))
+
+    return SwitchingEvent(
+        start_time=start_idx * sample_period,
+        end_time=end_idx * sample_period,
+        duration=(end_idx - start_idx) * sample_period,
+        energy=e,
+        peak_power=peak_p,
+        event_type="turn_on",
+    )
+
+
+def _create_turn_off_event(
+    start_idx: int,
+    device_off: NDArray[np.bool_],
+    p_data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]],
+    sample_period: float,
+    trapezoid: Any,
+) -> SwitchingEvent | None:
+    """Create turn-off event from transition indices.
+
+    Args:
+        start_idx: Start index of transition.
+        device_off: Boolean array indicating OFF state.
+        p_data: Power data array.
+        sample_period: Sample period in seconds.
+        trapezoid: Integration function.
+
+    Returns:
+        SwitchingEvent or None if invalid transition.
+    """
+    end_idx = start_idx + 1
+    while end_idx < len(device_off) and not device_off[end_idx]:
+        end_idx += 1
+
+    if end_idx >= len(device_off):
+        return None
+
+    transition_power = p_data[start_idx : end_idx + 1]
+    e = float(trapezoid(transition_power, dx=sample_period))
+    peak_p = float(np.max(transition_power))
+
+    return SwitchingEvent(
+        start_time=start_idx * sample_period,
+        end_time=end_idx * sample_period,
+        duration=(end_idx - start_idx) * sample_period,
+        energy=e,
+        peak_power=peak_p,
+        event_type="turn_off",
+    )
+
+
+def _calculate_loss_metrics(events: list[SwitchingEvent]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Calculate energy and power metrics from switching events.
+
+    Args:
+        events: List of switching events.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with energy, frequency, and power metrics.
+    """
     turn_on_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == "turn_on"]
     turn_off_events = [e for e in events if e.event_type == "turn_off"]
 
@@ -213,10 +294,10 @@ def switching_loss(
     e_off = float(np.mean([e.energy for e in turn_off_events])) if turn_off_events else 0.0
     e_total = e_on + e_off
 
-    # Estimate switching frequency from event spacing
+    # Estimate switching frequency
     if len(events) >= 2:
         event_times = [e.start_time for e in events]
-        avg_period = float(np.mean(np.diff(event_times))) * 2  # Full cycle
+        avg_period = float(np.mean(np.diff(event_times))) * 2
         f_sw = 1.0 / avg_period if avg_period > 0 else 0.0
     else:
         f_sw = 0.0
@@ -226,13 +307,61 @@ def switching_loss(
         "e_off": e_off,
         "e_total": e_total,
         "f_sw": f_sw,
-        "p_sw": e_total * f_sw,  # Switching power at this frequency
+        "p_sw": e_total * f_sw,
         "events": events,
         "n_turn_on": len(turn_on_events),
         "n_turn_off": len(turn_off_events),
     }
 
 
+def switching_loss(
+    voltage: WaveformTrace,
+    current: WaveformTrace,
+    *,
+    v_threshold: float | None = None,
+    i_threshold: float | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Calculate switching losses for a power device.
+
+    Analyzes voltage and current waveforms to find switching transitions
+    and calculate turn-on and turn-off energy losses.
+
+    Args:
+        voltage: Drain-source (or collector-emitter) voltage trace.
+        current: Drain (or collector) current trace.
+        v_threshold: Voltage threshold for on/off detection.
+                    If None, uses 10% of peak voltage.
+        i_threshold: Current threshold for on/off detection.
+                    If None, uses 10% of peak current.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with:
+        - e_on: Turn-on energy per event (Joules)
+        - e_off: Turn-off energy per event (Joules)
+        - e_total: Total switching energy per cycle (Joules)
+        - p_sw: Switching power at estimated frequency (Watts)
+        - events: List of SwitchingEvent objects
+        - n_turn_on: Number of turn-on events
+        - n_turn_off: Number of turn-off events
+
+    Example:
+        >>> losses = switching_loss(v_ds, i_d)
+        >>> print(f"E_on: {losses['e_on']*1e6:.2f} uJ")
+        >>> print(f"E_off: {losses['e_off']*1e6:.2f} uJ")
+        >>> print(f"Switching power @ 100kHz: {losses['p_sw']*100e3:.2f} W")
+
+    References:
+        Infineon Application Note AN-9010
+    """
+    v_data, i_data, p_data, sample_period = _prepare_switching_data(voltage, current)
+    _, _, v_high, v_low, i_high, i_low = _compute_thresholds(
+        v_data, i_data, v_threshold, i_threshold
+    )
+    device_state = _build_device_state(v_data, i_data, v_high, v_low, i_high, i_low)
+    events = _find_transition_events(device_state, p_data, sample_period)
+    return _calculate_loss_metrics(events)
+
+
 def switching_energy(
     voltage: WaveformTrace,
     current: WaveformTrace,
@@ -425,6 +554,17 @@ def switching_times(
     def find_transition_time(
         data: NDArray[np.floating[Any]], low: float, high: float, rising: bool
     ) -> float:
+        """Find transition time between threshold levels.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Signal data array.
+            low: Lower threshold level (10% point).
+            high: Upper threshold level (90% point).
+            rising: True for rising transition, False for falling.
+
+        Returns:
+            Transition time in seconds, or np.nan if not found.
+        """
         if rising:
             below_low = data < low
             start_idx_arr = np.where(below_low[:-1] & ~below_low[1:])[0]

oscura/analyzers/protocol/__init__.py

@@ -1,15 +1,31 @@
 """Protocol decoding module.
 
+.. deprecated:: 0.6.0
+    This module (singular 'protocol') is deprecated in favor of 'protocols' (plural).
+    Use ``from oscura.analyzers.protocols import UARTDecoder`` instead.
+    This module will be removed in v1.0.0.
+
 This module re-exports protocol decoders from the protocols package
 for convenient access. Both import paths are equivalent:
 
-    from oscura.analyzers.protocol import UARTDecoder  # singular (this module)
+    from oscura.analyzers.protocol import UARTDecoder  # singular (deprecated)
     from oscura.analyzers.protocols import UARTDecoder  # plural (recommended)
 
 The plural form (protocols) is recommended as the canonical import path.
 See IMPORT-PATHS.md in the repository root for detailed guidelines.
 """
 
+import warnings
+
+# Issue deprecation warning when this module is imported
+warnings.warn(
+    "Importing from 'oscura.analyzers.protocol' (singular) is deprecated. "
+    "Use 'oscura.analyzers.protocols' (plural) instead. "
+    "This module will be removed in v1.0.0.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+
 from oscura.analyzers.protocols import (
     CAN_BITRATES,
     CANFD_DLC_TO_LENGTH,

oscura/analyzers/protocols/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Provides protocol decoders for common serial and automotive protocols including
 UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, LIN, FlexRay, JTAG, SWD, I2S, USB, HDLC, Manchester, CAN-FD,
-1-Wire, and parallel bus protocols (GPIB, Centronics, ISA).
+and 1-Wire.
 """
 
 from oscura.analyzers.protocols.base import (
@@ -60,18 +60,6 @@ from oscura.analyzers.protocols.onewire import (
     OneWireTimings,
     decode_onewire,
 )
-
-# Parallel bus protocols
-from oscura.analyzers.protocols.parallel_bus import (
-    CentronicsFrame,
-    GPIBFrame,
-    GPIBMessageType,
-    ISACycleType,
-    ISATransaction,
-    decode_centronics,
-    decode_gpib,
-    decode_isa_bus,
-)
 from oscura.analyzers.protocols.spi import SPIDecoder, decode_spi
 from oscura.analyzers.protocols.swd import SWDDecoder, SWDResponse, decode_swd
 from oscura.analyzers.protocols.uart import UARTDecoder, decode_uart
@@ -103,16 +91,12 @@ __all__ = [
     "CANFDFrameType",
     "CANFrame",
     "CANFrameType",
-    # Parallel bus protocols
-    "CentronicsFrame",
     "ChannelDef",
     "DecoderState",
     # FlexRay (PRO-016)
     "FlexRayDecoder",
     "FlexRayFrame",
     "FlexRaySegment",
-    "GPIBFrame",
-    "GPIBMessageType",
     # HDLC (PRO-013)
     "HDLCDecoder",
     # I2C (PRO-004)
@@ -120,8 +104,6 @@ __all__ = [
     # I2S (PRO-011)
     "I2SDecoder",
     "I2SMode",
-    "ISACycleType",
-    "ISATransaction",
     # JTAG (PRO-009)
     "JTAGDecoder",
     # LIN (PRO-008)
@@ -153,13 +135,10 @@ __all__ = [
     "USBSpeed",
     "decode_can",
     "decode_can_fd",
-    "decode_centronics",
     "decode_flexray",
-    "decode_gpib",
     "decode_hdlc",
     "decode_i2c",
     "decode_i2s",
-    "decode_isa_bus",
     "decode_jtag",
     "decode_lin",
     "decode_manchester",

oscura/analyzers/protocols/base.py

@@ -172,18 +172,18 @@ class ProtocolDecoder(ABC):
     license: str = "MIT"
 
     # Input/output types
-    inputs: list[str] = ["logic"]  # noqa: RUF012
-    outputs: list[str] = ["packets"]  # noqa: RUF012
+    inputs: list[str] = ["logic"]
+    outputs: list[str] = ["packets"]
 
     # Channel definitions
-    channels: list[ChannelDef] = []  # noqa: RUF012
-    optional_channels: list[ChannelDef] = []  # noqa: RUF012
+    channels: list[ChannelDef] = []
+    optional_channels: list[ChannelDef] = []
 
     # Options
-    options: list[OptionDef] = []  # noqa: RUF012
+    options: list[OptionDef] = []
 
     # Annotation definitions (override in subclass)
-    annotations: list[tuple[str, str]] = []  # noqa: RUF012
+    annotations: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
 
     def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None:
         """Initialize decoder with options.

oscura/analyzers/protocols/ble/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) protocol analysis.
+
+This module provides comprehensive BLE protocol decoding with GATT service
+discovery, advertising packet parsing, and ATT operation decoding.
+
+Example:
+    >>> from oscura.analyzers.protocols.ble import BLEAnalyzer
+    >>> analyzer = BLEAnalyzer()
+    >>> analyzer.add_packet(packet)
+    >>> services = analyzer.discover_services()
+
+References:
+    Bluetooth Core Specification v5.4: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/
+"""
+
+from oscura.analyzers.protocols.ble.analyzer import (
+    BLEAnalyzer,
+    BLEPacket,
+    GATTCharacteristic,
+    GATTDescriptor,
+    GATTService,
+)
+from oscura.analyzers.protocols.ble.uuids import (
+    STANDARD_CHARACTERISTICS,
+    STANDARD_DESCRIPTORS,
+    STANDARD_SERVICES,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "STANDARD_CHARACTERISTICS",
+    "STANDARD_DESCRIPTORS",
+    "STANDARD_SERVICES",
+    "BLEAnalyzer",
+    "BLEPacket",
+    "GATTCharacteristic",
+    "GATTDescriptor",
+    "GATTService",
+]