mqt-core 3.3.2__cp314-cp314t-win_amd64.whl

mqt/core/include/qdmi/qdmi/client.h

@@ -0,0 +1,990 @@
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Copyright 2024 Munich Quantum Software Stack Project
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exceptions (the
+"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+https://github.com/Munich-Quantum-Software-Stack/QDMI/blob/develop/LICENSE
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+the License.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/** @file
+ * @brief Defines the @ref client_interface.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "qdmi/constants.h" // IWYU pragma: export
+#include "qdmi/types.h"     // IWYU pragma: export
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <cstddef>
+
+extern "C" {
+#else
+#include <stddef.h>
+#endif
+
+// The following clang-tidy warning cannot be addressed because this header is
+// used from both C and C++ code.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(performance-enum-size, modernize-use-using)
+
+/** @defgroup client_interface QDMI Client Interface
+ *  @brief Describes the functions accessible to clients or users of QDMI.
+ *  @details This is an interface between the QDMI driver and the client.
+ *  It includes functions to establish sessions between a QDMI driver and a
+ *  client, as well as to interact with the devices managed by the driver.
+ *
+ *  The client interface is split into three parts:
+ *  - The @ref client_session_interface "client session interface" for managing
+ * sessions between a QDMI driver and a client.
+ *  - The @ref client_query_interface "client query interface" for querying
+ * properties of devices.
+ *  - The @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for submitting jobs
+ * to devices.
+ *
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief A handle for a device implementing the
+ * @ref device_interface "QDMI Device Interface".
+ * @details An opaque pointer to a type defined by the driver that encapsulates
+ * an implementation of the  @ref device_interface "QDMI Device Interface".
+ */
+typedef struct QDMI_Device_impl_d *QDMI_Device;
+
+/** @defgroup client_session_interface QDMI Client Session Interface
+ *  @brief Provides functions to manage sessions between the client and driver.
+ *  @details A session is a connection between a client and a QDMI driver that
+ *  allows the client to interact with the driver and the devices it manages.
+ *
+ *  The typical workflow for a client session is as follows:
+ *  - Allocate a session with @ref QDMI_session_alloc.
+ *  - Set parameters for the session with @ref QDMI_session_set_parameter.
+ *  - Initialize the session with @ref QDMI_session_init.
+ *  - Query the available devices with @ref QDMI_session_query_session_property.
+ *  - Run client code to interact with the retrieved @ref QDMI_Device handles
+ *    using the @ref client_query_interface "client query interface" and the
+ * @ref client_job_interface "client job interface".
+ *  - Free the session with @ref QDMI_session_free when it is no longer needed.
+ *
+ *  @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief A handle for a session.
+ * @details An opaque pointer to a type defined by the driver that encapsulates
+ * all information about a session between a client and a QDMI driver.
+ */
+typedef struct QDMI_Session_impl_d *QDMI_Session;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Allocate a new session.
+ * @details This is the main entry point for a client to establish a session
+ * with a QDMI driver. The returned handle can be used throughout the
+ * @ref client_session_interface "client session interface" to refer to the
+ * session.
+ * @param[out] session A handle to the session that is allocated. Must not be
+ * @c NULL. The session must be freed by calling @ref QDMI_session_free
+ * when it is no longer used.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the session was allocated successfully.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p session is @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_OUTOFMEM if memory space ran out.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ * @see QDMI_session_set_parameter
+ * @see QDMI_session_init
+ */
+int QDMI_session_alloc(QDMI_Session *session);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enum of the session parameters that can be set via @ref
+ * QDMI_session_set_parameter.
+ * @details If not noted otherwise, parameters are optional and drivers must not
+ * require them to be set.
+ */
+enum QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_T {
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) The token to use for the session.
+   * @details The token is used for authentication within the session. The
+   * driver documentation *must* document if the implementation requires this
+   * parameter to be set.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_TOKEN = 0,
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) A file path to a file containing authentication
+   * information.
+   * @details The file may contain a token or other authentication information
+   * required for the session.
+   * The driver documentation *must* document whether the implementation
+   * requires this parameter to be set and what kind of authentication
+   * information is expected in the file.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_AUTHFILE = 1,
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) The URL to an authentication server used as part of
+   * the authentication procedure.
+   * @details This parameter might be used as part of an authentication scheme
+   * where an API token is received from an authentication server. This may,
+   * additionally, require a username and a password, which can be set via the
+   * @ref QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_USERNAME and @ref
+   * QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_PASSWORD parameters.
+   *
+   * @par The driver documentation *must* document when the implementation
+   * requires this parameter to be set and which additional parameters need to
+   * be set in case this authentication method is used.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_AUTHURL = 2,
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) The username to use for the session.
+   * @details The username is used for authentication within the session. The
+   * driver documentation *must* document when the implementation requires this
+   * parameter to be set.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_USERNAME = 3,
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) The password to use for the session.
+   * @details The password is used for authentication within the session. The
+   * driver documentation *must* document when the implementation requires this
+   * parameter to be set.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_PASSWORD = 4,
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) The project ID to use for the session.
+   * @details Can be used to associate the session with a certain project, for
+   * example, for accounting purposes. The driver documentation *must* document
+   * when the implementation requires this parameter to be set.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_PROJECTID = 5,
+  /**
+   * @brief The maximum value of the enum.
+   * @details It can be used by drivers for bounds checking and validation of
+   * function parameters.
+   *
+   * @attention This value must remain the last regular member of the enum
+   * besides the custom members and must be updated when new members are added.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_MAX = 6,
+  /**
+   * @brief This enum value is reserved for a custom parameter.
+   * @details The driver defines the meaning and the type of this parameter.
+   * @attention The value of this enum member must not be changed to maintain
+   * binary compatibility.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1 = 999999995,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM2 = 999999996,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM3 = 999999997,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM4 = 999999998,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_CUSTOM5 = 999999999
+};
+
+/// Session parameter type.
+typedef enum QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_T QDMI_Session_Parameter;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set a parameter for a session.
+ * @param[in] session A handle to the session to set the parameter for. Must not
+ * be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] param The parameter to set. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Session_Parameter.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the data pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * not be zero, except when @p value is @c NULL, in which case it is ignored.
+ * @param[in] value A pointer to the memory location that contains the value of
+ * the parameter to be set. The data pointed to by @p value is copied and can be
+ * safely reused after this function returns. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the driver supports the specified @p param and,
+ * when @p value is not @c NULL, the value of the parameter was set
+ * successfully.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the driver does not support the
+ * parameter or the value of the parameter.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p session is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p param is invalid, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is zero or not the expected size for
+ *    the parameter (if specified by the @ref QDMI_Session_Parameter
+ *    documentation).
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_BADSTATE if the parameter cannot be set in the
+ * current state of the session, for example, because the session is already
+ * initialized.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ * @see QDMI_session_init
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the driver supports the specified parameter without
+ * setting a value.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to check whether the driver supports setting a token for
+ * authentication, the following code pattern can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Check if the driver supports setting a token.
+ * auto ret = QDMI_session_set_parameter(
+ *   session, QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_TOKEN, 0, nullptr);
+ * if (ret == QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED) {
+ *  // The driver does not support setting a token.
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Set the token.
+ * std::string token = "token";
+ * ret = QDMI_session_set_parameter(
+ *   session, QDMI_SESSION_PARAMETER_TOKEN, token.size() + 1, token.c_str());
+ * ```
+ */
+int QDMI_session_set_parameter(QDMI_Session session,
+                               QDMI_Session_Parameter param, size_t size,
+                               const void *value);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize a session.
+ * @details This function initializes the session and prepares it for use. The
+ * session must be initialized before properties can be queried using @ref
+ * QDMI_session_query_session_property. Some devices may require authentication
+ * information to be set using @ref QDMI_session_set_parameter before calling
+ * this function. A session may only be successfully initialized once.
+ * @param[in] session The session to initialize. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the session was initialized successfully.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the session could not be
+ * initialized due to missing permissions. This could be due to missing
+ * authentication information that should be set using @ref
+ * QDMI_session_set_parameter.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p session is @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_BADSTATE if the session is not in a state allowing
+ * initialization, for example, because the session is already initialized.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ * @see QDMI_session_set_parameter
+ * @see QDMI_session_query_session_property
+ */
+int QDMI_session_init(QDMI_Session session);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enum of the session properties that can be queried via @ref
+ * QDMI_session_query_session_property.
+ * @details If not noted otherwise, properties are optional and drivers must not
+ * require them to be set.
+ */
+enum QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_T {
+  /**
+   * @brief `QDMI_Device*` (@ref QDMI_Device list) The devices the client has
+   * access to.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_DEVICES = 0,
+  /**
+   * @brief The maximum value of the enum.
+   * @details It can be used by drivers for bounds checking and validation of
+   * function parameters.
+   * @attention This value must remain the last regular member of the enum
+   * besides the custom members and must be updated when new members are added.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_MAX = 1,
+  /**
+   * @brief This enum value is reserved for a custom property.
+   * @details The driver defines the meaning and the type of this property.
+   * @attention The value of this enum member must not be changed to maintain
+   * binary compatibility.
+   */
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1 = 999999995,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM2 = 999999996,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM3 = 999999997,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM4 = 999999998,
+  /// @see QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_CUSTOM5 = 999999999
+};
+
+/// Session property type.
+typedef enum QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_T QDMI_Session_Property;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Query a property of a session.
+ * @param[in] session The session to query. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] prop The property to query. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Session_Property.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the memory pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * be greater or equal to the size of the return type specified for the @ref
+ * QDMI_Session_Property @p prop, except when @p value is @c NULL, in which case
+ * it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] value A pointer to the memory location where the value of the
+ * property will be stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] size_ret The actual size of the data being queried in bytes. If
+ * this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the driver supports the specified property and,
+ * when @p value is not @c NULL, the property was successfully retrieved.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the driver does not support the
+ * property.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p session is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p prop is invalid, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is less than the size of the data
+ *    being queried.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_BADSTATE if the property cannot be queried in the
+ * current state of the session, for example, because the session is not
+ * initialized.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function
+ * can be used to check if the driver supports the specified property without
+ * retrieving the property and without the need to provide a buffer for it.
+ * Additionally, the size of the buffer needed to retrieve the property will be
+ * returned in @p size_ret if @p size_ret is not @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note
+ * For example, to query the devices available in a session, the following code
+ * pattern can be used:
+ * ```c
+ * // Query the size of the property.
+ * size_t size;
+ * auto ret = QDMI_session_query_session_property(
+ *   session, QDMI_SESSION_PROPERTY_DEVICES, 0, nullptr, &size);
+ *
+ * // Allocate memory for the property.
+ * auto devices = std::vector<QDMI_Device>(size / sizeof(QDMI_Device));
+ *
+ * // Query the property.
+ * ret = QDMI_session_query_session_property(
+ *   session, prop, size, static_cast<void*>(devices.data()), nullptr);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @attention May only be called after the session has been successfully
+ * initialized with @ref QDMI_session_init.
+ */
+int QDMI_session_query_session_property(QDMI_Session session,
+                                        QDMI_Session_Property prop, size_t size,
+                                        void *value, size_t *size_ret);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Free a session.
+ * @details This function frees the memory allocated for the session.
+ * Accessing a (dangling) handle to a device that was attached to the session
+ * after the session was freed is undefined behavior.
+ * @param[in] session The session to free.
+ */
+void QDMI_session_free(QDMI_Session session);
+
+/** @} */ // end of client_session_interface
+
+/** @defgroup client_query_interface QDMI Client Query Interface
+ *  @brief Provides functions to query properties of devices.
+ *  @details The query interface enables to query static and dynamic properties
+ *  of devices and their constituents in a unified fashion. It operates on @ref
+ *  QDMI_Device handles queried from a @ref QDMI_Session via @ref
+ *  QDMI_session_query_session_property.
+ *
+ *  @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Query a device property.
+ * @param[in] device The device to query. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] prop The property to query. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Device_Property.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the memory pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * be greater or equal to the size of the return type specified for @p prop,
+ * except when @p value is @c NULL, in which case it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] value A pointer to the memory location where the value of the
+ * property will be stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] size_ret The actual size of the data being queried in bytes. If
+ * this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the device supports the specified property and,
+ * when @p value is not @c NULL, the property was successfully retrieved.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the device does not support the
+ * property.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p device is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p prop is invalid, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is less than the size of the data
+ *    being queried.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the device supports the specified property without
+ * retrieving the property and without the need to provide a buffer for it.
+ * Additionally, the size of the buffer needed to retrieve the property is
+ * returned in @p size_ret if @p size_ret is not @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to query the name of a device, the following code pattern
+ * can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Query the size of the property.
+ * size_t size;
+ * QDMI_device_query_device_property(
+ *   device, QDMI_DEVICE_PROPERTY_NAME, 0, nullptr, &size);
+ *
+ * // Allocate memory for the property.
+ * auto name = std::string(size - 1, '\0');
+ *
+ * // Query the property.
+ * QDMI_device_query_device_property(
+ *   device, QDMI_DEVICE_PROPERTY_NAME, size, name.data(), nullptr);
+ * ```
+ */
+int QDMI_device_query_device_property(QDMI_Device device,
+                                      QDMI_Device_Property prop, size_t size,
+                                      void *value, size_t *size_ret);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Query a site property.
+ * @param[in] device The device to query. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] site The site to query. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] prop The property to query. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Site_Property.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the memory pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * be greater or equal to the size of the return type specified for @p prop,
+ * except when @p value is @c NULL, in which case it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] value A pointer to the memory location where the value of the
+ * property will be stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] size_ret The actual size of the data being queried in bytes. If
+ * this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the device supports the specified property and,
+ * when @p value is not @c NULL, the property was successfully retrieved.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the device does not support the
+ * property.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p device or @p site is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p prop is invalid, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is less than the size of the data
+ *    being queried.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the device supports the specified property without
+ * retrieving the property and without the need to provide a buffer for it.
+ * Additionally, the size of the buffer needed to retrieve the property is
+ * returned in @p size_ret if @p size_ret is not @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to query the T1 time of a site, the following code pattern
+ * can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Check if the device supports the property.
+ * auto ret = QDMI_device_query_site_property(
+ *   device, site, QDMI_SITE_PROPERTY_T1, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+ * if (ret == QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED) {
+ *   // The device does not support the property.
+ *   ...
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Query the property.
+ * uint64_t t1;
+ * QDMI_device_query_site_property(
+ *   device, site, QDMI_SITE_PROPERTY_T1, sizeof(uint64_t), &t1, nullptr);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @remark @ref QDMI_Site handles may be queried via @ref
+ * QDMI_device_query_device_property with @ref QDMI_DEVICE_PROPERTY_SITES.
+ */
+int QDMI_device_query_site_property(QDMI_Device device, QDMI_Site site,
+                                    QDMI_Site_Property prop, size_t size,
+                                    void *value, size_t *size_ret);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Query an operation property.
+ * @param[in] device The device to query. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] operation The operation to query. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] num_sites The number of sites that the operation is applied to.
+ * @param[in] sites A pointer to a list of handles where the sites that the
+ * operation is applied to are stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[in] num_params The number of parameters that the operation takes.
+ * @param[in] params A pointer to a list of parameters that the operation takes.
+ * If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[in] prop The property to query. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Operation_Property.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the memory pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * be greater or equal to the size of the return type specified for the @ref
+ * QDMI_Operation_Property @p prop, except when @p value is @c NULL, in which
+ * case it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] value A pointer to the memory location where the value of the
+ * property will be stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] size_ret The actual size of the data being queried in bytes. If
+ * this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the device supports the specified property and,
+ * when @p value is not @c NULL, the property was successfully retrieved.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if
+ *  - the device does not support the property,
+ *  - the queried property cannot be provided for the given sites, or
+ *  - the queried property cannot be provided for the given parameters.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p device or @p operation are @c NULL,
+ *  - @p prop is invalid,
+ *  - @p num_sites is zero and @p sites is not @c NULL,
+ *  - @p num_params is zero and @p params is not @c NULL, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is less than the size of the data
+ *    being queried.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p sites set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to query properties of the device that are independent of the sites.
+ * A device will return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the queried property is
+ * site-dependent and @p sites is @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p params set to @c NULL, the function
+ * can be used to query properties of the device that are independent of the
+ * values of the parameters. A device will return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED
+ * if the queried property is parameter-dependent and @p params is @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the device supports the specified property without
+ * retrieving the property and without the need to provide a buffer for it.
+ * Additionally, the size of the buffer needed to retrieve the property is
+ * returned in @p size_ret if @p size_ret is not @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to query the site-independent fidelity of an operation
+ * without parameters, the following code snippet can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Check if the device supports the property.
+ * auto ret = QDMI_device_query_operation_property(
+ *   device, operation, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
+ *   QDMI_OPERATION_PROPERTY_FIDELITY, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+ * if (ret == QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED) {
+ *   // The device does not support the site-independent property.
+ *   // Check if the device supports the site-dependent property.
+ *   ...
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Query the property.
+ * double fidelity;
+ * QDMI_device_query_operation_property(
+ *   device, operation, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
+ *   QDMI_OPERATION_PROPERTY_FIDELITY, sizeof(double), &fidelity, nullptr);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @remark @ref QDMI_Operation and @ref QDMI_Site handles may be queried via
+ * @ref QDMI_device_query_device_property with @ref
+ * QDMI_DEVICE_PROPERTY_OPERATIONS and @ref QDMI_DEVICE_PROPERTY_SITES,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * @remark The number of operands and parameters of an operation can be queried
+ * via @ref QDMI_device_query_operation_property with @ref
+ * QDMI_OPERATION_PROPERTY_QUBITSNUM and @ref
+ * QDMI_OPERATION_PROPERTY_PARAMETERSNUM, respectively.
+ */
+int QDMI_device_query_operation_property(
+    QDMI_Device device, QDMI_Operation operation, size_t num_sites,
+    const QDMI_Site *sites, size_t num_params, const double *params,
+    QDMI_Operation_Property prop, size_t size, void *value, size_t *size_ret);
+
+/** @} */ // end of client_query_interface
+
+/** @defgroup client_job_interface QDMI Client Job Interface
+ *  @brief Provides functions to manage client-side jobs.
+ *  @details A job is a task submitted by a client to a device for execution.
+ *  Most jobs are quantum circuits to be executed on a quantum device.
+ *  However, jobs can also be a different type of task, such as calibration.
+ *
+ *  The typical workflow for a client job is as follows:
+ *  - Create a job with @ref QDMI_device_create_job.
+ *  - Set parameters for the job with @ref QDMI_job_set_parameter.
+ *  - Submit the job to the device with @ref QDMI_job_submit.
+ *  - Check the status of the job with @ref QDMI_job_check.
+ *  - Wait for the job to finish with @ref QDMI_job_wait.
+ *  - Retrieve the results of the job with @ref QDMI_job_get_results.
+ *  - Free the job with @ref QDMI_job_free when it is no longer used.
+ *
+ *  @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief A handle for a client-side job.
+ * @details An opaque pointer to a type defined by the driver that encapsulates
+ * all information about a job submitted to a device by a client.
+ * @remark Implementations of the underlying type will want to store the device
+ * handle used to create the job in the job handle to be able to access the
+ * device when needed.
+ * @see QDMI_Device_Job for the device-side job handle.
+ */
+typedef struct QDMI_Job_impl_d *QDMI_Job;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create a job.
+ * @details This is the main entry point for a client to submit a job to a
+ * device. The returned handle can be used throughout the @ref
+ * client_job_interface "client job interface" to refer to the job.
+ * @param[in] device The device to create the job on. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[out] job A pointer to a handle that will store the created job.
+ * Must not be @c NULL. The job must be freed by calling @ref QDMI_job_free
+ * when it is no longer used.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the job was successfully created.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p device or @p job are @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if job creation failed due to a fatal error.
+ */
+int QDMI_device_create_job(QDMI_Device device, QDMI_Job *job);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enum of the job parameters that can be set.
+ * @details If not noted otherwise, parameters are optional and drivers must not
+ * require them to be set.
+ */
+enum QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_T {
+  /**
+   * @brief @ref QDMI_Program_Format The format of the program to be executed.
+   * @details This parameter is required. If the device does not support the
+   * specified program format, it is up to the driver to decide whether to
+   * return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED from @ref QDMI_job_set_parameter or to
+   * convert the program to a supported format.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_PROGRAMFORMAT = 0,
+  /**
+   * @brief `void*` The program to be executed.
+   * @details This parameter is required. The program must be in the format
+   * specified by the @ref QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_PROGRAMFORMAT parameter.
+   * If the program is invalid, the @ref QDMI_job_set_parameter function
+   * must return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT. If the program is valid, but
+   * the device cannot execute it, the @ref QDMI_job_set_parameter function must
+   * return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_PROGRAM = 1,
+  /**
+   * @brief `size_t` The number of shots to execute for a quantum circuit job.
+   * @details If this parameter is not set, a device-specific default is used.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_SHOTSNUM = 2,
+  /**
+   * @brief The maximum value of the enum.
+   * @details It can be used by drivers for bounds checking and validation of
+   * function parameters.
+   * @attention This value must remain the last regular member of the enum
+   * besides the custom members and must be updated when new members are added.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_MAX = 3,
+  /**
+   * @brief This enum value is reserved for a custom parameter.
+   * @details The driver defines the meaning and the type of this parameter.
+   * @attention The value of this enum member must not be changed to maintain
+   * binary compatibility.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1 = 999999995,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM2 = 999999996,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM3 = 999999997,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM4 = 999999998,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_CUSTOM5 = 999999999
+};
+
+/// Job parameter type.
+typedef enum QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_T QDMI_Job_Parameter;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set a parameter for a job.
+ * @param[in] job A handle to a job for which to set @p param. Must not be @c
+ * NULL.
+ * @param[in] param The parameter whose value will be set. Must be one of the
+ * values specified for @ref QDMI_Job_Parameter.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the data pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * not be zero, except when @p value is @c NULL, in which case it is ignored.
+ * @param[in] value A pointer to the memory location that contains the value of
+ * the parameter to be set. The data pointed to by @p value is copied and can be
+ * safely reused after this function returns. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the driver supports the specified @ref
+ * QDMI_Job_Parameter @p param and, when @p value is not @c NULL, the
+ * parameter was successfully set.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the driver does not support the
+ * parameter or the value of the parameter.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p job is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p param is invalid, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is zero or not the expected size for
+ *  the parameter (if specified by the @ref QDMI_Job_Parameter documentation).
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_BADSTATE if the parameter cannot be set in the
+ * current state of the job, for example, because the job is already submitted.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if setting the parameter failed due to a fatal
+ * error.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the driver supports the specified parameter without
+ * setting the parameter and without the need to provide a value.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to check whether the device supports setting the number of
+ * shots for a quantum circuit job, the following code pattern can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Check if the device supports setting the number of shots.
+ * auto ret = QDMI_job_set_parameter(
+ *   job, QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_SHOTSNUM, 0, nullptr);
+ * if (ret == QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED) {
+ *   // The device does not support setting the number of shots.
+ *   ...
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Set the number of shots.
+ * size_t shots = 8192;
+ * QDMI_job_set_parameter(
+ *   job, QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_SHOTSNUM, sizeof(size_t), &shots);
+ * ```
+ */
+int QDMI_job_set_parameter(QDMI_Job job, QDMI_Job_Parameter param, size_t size,
+                           const void *value);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enum of the job properties that can be queried via @ref
+ * QDMI_job_query_property as part of the @ref client_interface
+ * "client interface".
+ * @details In particular, every parameter's value that can be set via @ref
+ * QDMI_job_set_parameter can be queried.
+ */
+enum QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_T {
+  /**
+   * @brief `char*` (string) The job's ID.
+   * @details The ID must uniquely identify a job for the specific driver.
+   * It may be used to recover a @ref QDMI_Job handle upon failure.
+   * It may, for example, correspond to the job ID provided by the QDMI device
+   * implementation via @ref QDMI_device_job_query_property as part of the
+   * @ref device_interface "device interface" or may be generated by the driver.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_ID = 0,
+  /**
+   * @brief @ref QDMI_Program_Format The format of the program to be executed.
+   * @note This property returns the value of the @ref
+   * QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_PROGRAMFORMAT parameter.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_PROGRAMFORMAT = 1,
+  /**
+   * @brief `void*` The program to be executed.
+   * @note This property returns the value of the @ref
+   * QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_PROGRAM parameter.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_PROGRAM = 2,
+  /**
+   * @brief `size_t` The number of shots to execute for a quantum circuit job.
+   * @note This property returns the value of the @ref
+   * QDMI_JOB_PARAMETER_SHOTSNUM parameter.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_SHOTSNUM = 3,
+  /**
+   * @brief The maximum value of the enum.
+   * @details It can be used by devices for bounds checking and validation of
+   * function parameters.
+   *
+   * @attention This value must remain the last regular member of the enum
+   * besides the custom members and must be updated when new members are added.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_MAX = 4,
+  /**
+   * @brief This enum value is reserved for a custom parameter.
+   * @details The driver defines the meaning and the type of this parameter.
+   * @attention The value of this enum member must not be changed to maintain
+   * binary compatibility.
+   */
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1 = 999999995,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM2 = 999999996,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM3 = 999999997,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM4 = 999999998,
+  /// @see QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM1
+  QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_CUSTOM5 = 999999999
+};
+
+/// Job property type.
+typedef enum QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_T QDMI_Job_Property;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Query a job property.
+ * @param[in] job A handle to a job for which to query @p prop. Must not be @c
+ * NULL.
+ * @param[in] prop The property to query. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Job_Property.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the memory pointed to by @p value in bytes. Must
+ * be greater or equal to the size of the return type specified for @p prop,
+ * except when @p value is @c NULL, in which case it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] value A pointer to the memory location where the value of the
+ * property will be stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] size_ret The actual size of the data being queried in bytes. If
+ * this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the job supports the specified property and,
+ * when @p value is not @c NULL, the property was successfully retrieved.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_NOTSUPPORTED if the job does not support the
+ * property.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p job is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p prop is invalid, or
+ *  - @p value is not @c NULL and @p size is less than the size of the data
+ *     being queried.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_BADSTATE if the property cannot be queried in the
+ * current state of the job, for example, because the job failed or the property
+ * is not initialized because it has no default value and was not set.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an unexpected error occurred.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p value set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the job supports the specified property without
+ * retrieving the property and without the need to provide a buffer for it.
+ * Additionally, the size of the buffer needed to retrieve the property is
+ * returned in @p size_ret if @p size_ret is not @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to query the id of a job, the following code pattern
+ * can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Query the size of the property.
+ * size_t size;
+ * QDMI_job_query_property(
+ *   job, QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_ID, 0, nullptr, &size);
+ *
+ * // Allocate memory for the property.
+ * auto id = std::string(size - 1, '\0');
+ *
+ * // Query the property.
+ * QDMI_job_query_property(
+ *   job, QDMI_JOB_PROPERTY_NAME, size, name.data(), nullptr);
+ * ```
+ */
+int QDMI_job_query_property(QDMI_Job job, QDMI_Job_Property prop, size_t size,
+                            void *value, size_t *size_ret);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Submit a job to the device.
+ * @details This function can either be blocking until the job is finished or
+ * non-blocking and return while the job is running. In the latter case, the
+ * functions @ref QDMI_job_check and @ref QDMI_job_wait can be used to check the
+ * status and wait for the job to finish.
+ * @param[in] job The job to submit. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the job was successfully submitted.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p job is @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_BADSTATE if the job is in an invalid state.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if the job submission failed.
+ */
+int QDMI_job_submit(QDMI_Job job);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Cancel an already submitted job.
+ * @details Remove the job from the queue of waiting jobs. This changes the
+ * status of the job to @ref QDMI_JOB_STATUS_CANCELED.
+ * @param[in] job The job to cancel. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the job was successfully canceled.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p job is @c NULL or the job
+ * already has the status @ref QDMI_JOB_STATUS_DONE.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if the job could not be canceled.
+ */
+int QDMI_job_cancel(QDMI_Job job);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Check the status of a job.
+ * @details This function is non-blocking and returns immediately with the job
+ * status. It is not required to call this function before calling @ref
+ * QDMI_job_get_results.
+ * @param[in] job The job to check the status of. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[out] status The status of the job. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the job status was successfully checked.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p job or @p status is @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if the job status could not be checked.
+ */
+int QDMI_job_check(QDMI_Job job, QDMI_Job_Status *status);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Wait for a job to finish.
+ * @details This function blocks until the job has either finished, has been
+ * canceled, or the timeout has been reached.
+ * If @p timeout is not zero, this function returns latest after the specified
+ * number of seconds.
+ * @param[in] job The job to wait for. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] timeout The timeout in seconds.
+ * If this is zero, the function waits indefinitely until the job has finished.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the job is finished or canceled.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if @p job is @c NULL.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_TIMEOUT if @p timeout is not zero and the job did not
+ *   finish within the specified time.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if the job could not be waited for and this
+ * function returns before the job has finished or has been canceled.
+ */
+int QDMI_job_wait(QDMI_Job job, size_t timeout);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Retrieve the results of a job.
+ * @param[in] job The job to retrieve the results from. Must not be @c NULL.
+ * @param[in] result The result to retrieve. Must be one of the values specified
+ * for @ref QDMI_Job_Result.
+ * @param[in] size The size of the buffer pointed to by @p data in bytes. Must
+ * be greater or equal to the size of the return type specified for the @ref
+ * QDMI_Job_Result @p result, except when @p data is @c NULL, in which case it
+ * is ignored.
+ * @param[out] data A pointer to the memory location where the results will be
+ * stored. If this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @param[out] size_ret The actual size of the data being queried in bytes. If
+ * this is @c NULL, it is ignored.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_SUCCESS if the device supports the specified result and,
+ * when @p data is not @c NULL, the results were successfully retrieved.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_INVALIDARGUMENT if
+ *  - @p job is @c NULL,
+ *  - @p job has not finished,
+ *  - @p job was canceled,
+ *  - @p result is invalid, or
+ *  - @p data is not @c NULL and @p size is smaller than the size of the data
+ *    being queried.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_PERMISSIONDENIED if the driver does not allow using
+ * the @ref client_job_interface "client job interface" for the device in the
+ * current session.
+ * @return @ref QDMI_ERROR_FATAL if an error occurred during the retrieval.
+ *
+ * @note By calling this function with @p data set to @c NULL, the function can
+ * be used to check if the device supports the specified result without
+ * retrieving the result and without the need to provide a buffer for the
+ * result.
+ * Additionally, the size of the buffer needed to retrieve the result is
+ * returned in @p size_ret if @p size_ret is not @c NULL.
+ *
+ * @note For example, to query the measurement results of a quantum circuit job,
+ * the following code pattern can be used:
+ * ```
+ * // Query the size of the result.
+ * size_t size;
+ * auto ret = QDMI_job_get_results(
+ *   job, QDMI_JOB_RESULT_SHOTS, 0, nullptr, &size);
+ *
+ * // Allocate memory for the result.
+ * std::string shots(size-1, '\0');
+ *
+ * // Query the result.
+ * QDMI_job_get_results(
+ *   job, QDMI_JOB_RESULT_SHOTS, size, shots.data(), nullptr);
+ * ```
+ */
+int QDMI_job_get_results(QDMI_Job job, QDMI_Job_Result result, size_t size,
+                         void *data, size_t *size_ret);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Free a job.
+ * @details Free the resources associated with a job. Using a job handle after
+ * it has been freed is undefined behavior.
+ * @param[in] job The job to free.
+ */
+void QDMI_job_free(QDMI_Job job);
+
+/** @} */ // end of client_job_interface
+
+/** @} */ // end of client_interface
+
+// NOLINTEND(performance-enum-size, modernize-use-using)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} // extern "C"
+#endif