molcraft 0.1.0rc10__py3-none-any.whl

molcraft/featurizers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,727 @@
+import warnings
+import inspect
+import keras 
+import json
+import abc
+import re
+import typing 
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import tensorflow as tf
+import multiprocessing as mp
+
+from rdkit.Chem import rdChemReactions
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from molcraft import tensors 
+from molcraft import features
+from molcraft import records
+from molcraft import chem
+from molcraft import descriptors
+
+
+@keras.saving.register_keras_serializable(package='molcraft')
+class GraphFeaturizer(abc.ABC):
+
+    """Base graph featurizer.
+    """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def call(self, x: typing.Any, context: dict) -> tensors.GraphTensor:
+        pass
+
+    def get_config(self) -> dict:
+        return {}
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(cls, config: dict) -> 'GraphFeaturizer':
+        return cls(**config)
+    
+    def save(self, filepath: str | Path, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        save_featurizer(self, filepath, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load(filepath: str | Path, *args, **kwargs) -> 'GraphFeaturizer':
+        return load_featurizer(filepath, *args, **kwargs)
+    
+    def write_records(self, inputs: typing.Iterable, path: str | Path, **kwargs) -> None:
+         records.write(
+            inputs, featurizer=self, path=path, **kwargs
+         )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_records(path: str | Path, **kwargs) -> tf.data.Dataset:
+        return records.read(
+            path=path, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _call(self, inputs: typing.Any) -> tensors.GraphTensor:
+        inputs, context = _unpack_inputs(inputs)
+        if _call_kwargs(self.call):
+            graph = self.call(inputs, context=context)
+        else:
+            graph = self.call(inputs)
+        if not isinstance(graph, tensors.GraphTensor):
+            graph = tensors.from_dict(graph)
+        return graph
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        inputs: typing.Iterable,
+        *,
+        multiprocessing: bool = False,
+        processes: int | None = None,
+        device: str = '/cpu:0',
+    ) -> tensors.GraphTensor:
+        if not isinstance(
+            inputs, (list, np.ndarray, pd.Series, pd.DataFrame, typing.Generator)
+        ):
+            return self._call(inputs)
+        
+        if isinstance(inputs, (np.ndarray, pd.Series)):
+            inputs = inputs.tolist()
+        elif isinstance(inputs, pd.DataFrame):
+            inputs = inputs.iterrows()
+
+        if not multiprocessing:
+            outputs = [self._call(x) for x in inputs]
+        else:
+            with tf.device(device):
+                with mp.Pool(processes) as pool:
+                    outputs = pool.map(func=self._call, iterable=inputs)
+        outputs = [x for x in outputs if x is not None]
+        if tensors.is_scalar(outputs[0]):
+            return tf.stack(outputs, axis=0)
+        return tf.concat(outputs, axis=0)
+
+
+@keras.saving.register_keras_serializable(package='molcraft')
+class MolGraphFeaturizer(GraphFeaturizer):
+
+    """Molecular graph featurizer.
+
+    Converts SMILES or InChI strings to a molecular graph.
+
+    The molecular graph may encode a single molecule or a batch of molecules.
+
+    Example:
+
+    >>> import molcraft 
+    >>> 
+    >>> featurizer = molcraft.featurizers.MolGraphFeaturizer(
+    ...     atom_features=[
+    ...         molcraft.features.AtomType(),
+    ...         molcraft.features.NumHydrogens(),
+    ...         molcraft.features.Degree(),
+    ...     ],
+    ...     bond_features=[
+    ...         molcraft.features.BondType(),
+    ...     ],
+    ...     super_node=False,
+    ...     self_loops=False,
+    ... )
+    >>> 
+    >>> graph = featurizer(["N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O", "N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O"])
+    >>> graph
+    GraphTensor(
+        context={
+            'size': <tf.Tensor: shape=[2], dtype=int32>
+        },
+        node={
+            'feature': <tf.Tensor: shape=[13, 129], dtype=float32>
+        },
+        edge={
+            'source': <tf.Tensor: shape=[22], dtype=int32>,
+            'target': <tf.Tensor: shape=[22], dtype=int32>,
+            'feature': <tf.Tensor: shape=[22, 5], dtype=float32>
+        }
+    )
+
+    Args:
+        atom_features:
+            A list of `features.Feature` encoded as the node features.
+        bond_features:
+            A list of `features.Feature` encoded as the edge features.
+        molecule_features:
+            A list of `descriptors.Descriptor` encoded as the context feature.
+        super_node:
+            A boolean specifying whether to include a super node.
+        self_loops:
+            A boolean specifying whether self loops exist.
+        include_hydrogens:
+            A boolean specifying whether hydrogens should be encoded as nodes.
+        wildcards:
+            A boolean specifying whether wildcards exist. If True, wildcard labels will
+            be encoded in the graph and separately embedded in `layers.NodeEmbedding`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        atom_features: list[features.Feature] | str = 'auto',
+        bond_features: list[features.Feature] | str | None = 'auto',
+        molecule_features: list[descriptors.Descriptor] | str | None = None,
+        super_node: bool = False,
+        self_loops: bool = False,
+        include_hydrogens: bool = False,
+        wildcards: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        use_default_atom_features = (
+            atom_features == 'auto' or atom_features == 'default'
+        )
+        if use_default_atom_features:
+            atom_features = [features.AtomType(), features.Degree()]
+            if not include_hydrogens:
+                atom_features += [features.NumHydrogens()]
+
+        use_default_bond_features = (
+            bond_features == 'auto' or bond_features == 'default'
+        )
+        if use_default_bond_features:
+            bond_features = [features.BondType()]
+
+        use_default_molecule_features = (
+            molecule_features == 'auto' or molecule_features == 'default'
+        )
+        if use_default_molecule_features:
+            molecule_features = [
+                descriptors.MolWeight(),
+                descriptors.TotalPolarSurfaceArea(),
+                descriptors.LogP(),
+                descriptors.MolarRefractivity(),
+                descriptors.NumHeavyAtoms(),
+                descriptors.NumHeteroatoms(),
+                descriptors.NumHydrogenDonors(),
+                descriptors.NumHydrogenAcceptors(),
+                descriptors.NumRotatableBonds(),
+                descriptors.NumRings(),
+            ]
+
+        self._atom_features = atom_features
+        self._bond_features = bond_features
+        self._molecule_features = molecule_features
+        self._include_hydrogens = include_hydrogens
+        self._wildcards = wildcards
+        self._self_loops = self_loops
+        self._super_node = super_node
+
+    def call(
+        self, 
+        mol: str | chem.Mol | tuple, 
+        context: dict | None = None
+    ) -> tensors.GraphTensor:
+
+        if isinstance(mol, str):
+            mol = chem.Mol.from_encoding(
+                mol, explicit_hs=self._include_hydrogens
+            )
+        elif isinstance(mol, chem.RDKitMol):
+            mol = chem.Mol.cast(mol)
+
+        data = {'context': {}, 'node': {}, 'edge': {}}
+        
+        data['context']['size'] = np.asarray(mol.num_atoms)
+
+        if self._molecule_features is not None:
+            data['context']['feature'] = np.concatenate(
+                [f(mol) for f in self._molecule_features], axis=-1
+            )
+
+        if context:
+            data['context'].update(context)
+
+        data['node']['feature'] = np.concatenate(
+            [f(mol) for f in self._atom_features], axis=-1
+        )
+
+        if self._wildcards:
+            wildcard_labels = np.asarray([
+                (atom.label or 0) + 1 if atom.symbol == "*" else 0
+                for atom in mol.atoms
+            ])
+            data['node']['wildcard'] = wildcard_labels
+            data['node']['feature'] = np.where(
+                wildcard_labels[:, None],
+                np.zeros_like(data['node']['feature']),
+                data['node']['feature']
+            )
+
+        data['edge']['source'], data['edge']['target'] = mol.adjacency(
+            fill='full', sparse=True, self_loops=self._self_loops
+        )
+        
+        if self._bond_features is not None:
+            bond_features = np.concatenate(
+                [f(mol) for f in self._bond_features], axis=-1
+            )
+            if self._self_loops:
+                bond_features = np.pad(bond_features, [(0, 1), (0, 0)])
+
+            bond_indices = [
+                mol.get_bond_between_atoms(i, j).index if (i != j) else -1
+                for (i, j) in zip(data['edge']['source'], data['edge']['target'])
+            ]
+
+            data['edge']['feature'] = bond_features[bond_indices]
+
+        if self._super_node:
+            data = _add_super_node(data)
+
+        return tensors.GraphTensor(**_convert_dtypes(data))
+    
+    def get_config(self):
+        config = super().get_config()
+        config.update({
+            'atom_features': keras.saving.serialize_keras_object(
+                self._atom_features
+            ),
+            'bond_features': keras.saving.serialize_keras_object(
+                self._bond_features
+            ),
+            'molecule_features': keras.saving.serialize_keras_object(
+                self._molecule_features
+            ),
+            'super_node': self._super_node,
+            'self_loops': self._self_loops,
+            'include_hydrogens': self._include_hydrogens,
+            'wildcards': self._wildcards,
+        })
+        return config
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(cls, config: dict):
+        config['atom_features'] = keras.saving.deserialize_keras_object(
+            config['atom_features']
+        )
+        config['bond_features'] = keras.saving.deserialize_keras_object(
+            config['bond_features']
+        )
+        config['molecule_features'] = keras.saving.deserialize_keras_object(
+            config['molecule_features']
+        )
+        return cls(**config)
+    
+
+@keras.saving.register_keras_serializable(package='molcraft')
+class MolGraphFeaturizer3D(MolGraphFeaturizer):
+
+    """3D Molecular graph featurizer.
+
+    Converts SMILES or InChI strings to a 3d molecular graph.
+
+    The molecular graph may encode a single molecule or a batch of molecules.
+
+    Example:
+
+    >>> import molcraft 
+    >>> 
+    >>> featurizer = molcraft.featurizers.MolGraphFeaturizer3D(
+    ...     atom_features=[
+    ...         molcraft.features.AtomType(),
+    ...         molcraft.features.NumHydrogens(),
+    ...         molcraft.features.Degree(),
+    ...     ],
+    ...     radius=5.0,
+    ...     random_seed=42,
+    ... )
+    >>> 
+    >>> graph = featurizer(["N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O", "N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O"])
+    >>> graph
+    GraphTensor(
+        context={
+            'size': <tf.Tensor: shape=[2], dtype=int32>
+        },
+        node={
+            'feature': <tf.Tensor: shape=[13, 129], dtype=float32>,
+            'coordinate': <tf.Tensor: shape=[13, 3], dtype=float32>
+        },
+        edge={
+            'source': <tf.Tensor: shape=[72], dtype=int32>,
+            'target': <tf.Tensor: shape=[72], dtype=int32>,
+            'feature': <tf.Tensor: shape=[72, 12], dtype=float32>
+        }
+    )
+        
+    Args:
+        atom_features:
+            A list of `features.Feature` encoded as the node features.
+        pair_features:
+            A list of `features.PairFeature` encoded as the edge features.
+        molecule_features:
+            A list of `descriptors.Descriptor` encoded as the context feature.
+        super_node:
+            A boolean specifying whether to include a super node.
+        self_loops:
+            A boolean specifying whether self loops exist.
+        include_hydrogens:
+            A boolean specifying whether hydrogens should be encoded as nodes.
+        wildcards:
+            A boolean specifying whether wildcards exist. If True, wildcard labels will
+            be encoded in the graph and separately embedded in `layers.NodeEmbedding`.
+        radius:
+            A floating point value specifying maximum edge length. 
+        random_seed:
+            An integer specifying the random seed for the conformer generation.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        atom_features: list[features.Feature] | str = 'auto',
+        pair_features: list[features.PairFeature] | str = 'auto',
+        molecule_features: features.Feature | str | None = None,
+        super_node: bool = False,
+        self_loops: bool = False,
+        include_hydrogens: bool = False,
+        wildcards: bool = False,
+        radius: int | float | None = 6.0,
+        random_seed: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        kwargs.pop('bond_features', None)
+        super().__init__(
+            atom_features=atom_features,
+            bond_features=None,
+            molecule_features=molecule_features,
+            super_node=super_node,
+            self_loops=self_loops,
+            include_hydrogens=include_hydrogens,
+            wildcards=wildcards,
+        )
+
+        use_default_pair_features = (
+            pair_features == 'auto' or pair_features == 'default'
+        )
+        if use_default_pair_features:
+            pair_features = [features.PairDistance()]
+
+        self._pair_features = pair_features 
+        self._radius = float(radius) if radius else None
+        self._random_seed = random_seed
+
+    def call(
+        self, 
+        mol: str | chem.Mol | tuple, 
+        context: dict | None = None
+    ) -> tensors.GraphTensor:
+
+        if isinstance(mol, str):
+            mol = chem.Mol.from_encoding(
+                mol, explicit_hs=True
+            )
+        elif isinstance(mol, chem.RDKitMol):
+            mol = chem.Mol.cast(mol)
+
+        if mol.num_conformers == 0:
+            mol = chem.embed_conformers(
+                mol, num_conformers=1, random_seed=self._random_seed
+            )
+
+        if not self._include_hydrogens:
+            mol = chem.remove_hs(mol)
+
+        data = {'context': {}, 'node': {}, 'edge': {}}
+
+        data['context']['size'] = np.asarray(mol.num_atoms)
+
+        if self._molecule_features is not None:
+            data['context']['feature'] = np.concatenate(
+                [f(mol) for f in self._molecule_features], axis=-1
+            )
+
+        if context:
+            data['context'].update(context)
+
+        conformer = mol.get_conformer()
+
+        data['node']['feature'] = np.concatenate(
+            [f(mol) for f in self._atom_features], axis=-1
+        )
+        data['node']['coordinate'] = conformer.coordinates
+
+        if self._wildcards:
+            wildcard_labels = np.asarray([
+                (atom.label or 0) + 1 if atom.symbol == "*" else 0
+                for atom in mol.atoms
+            ])
+            data['node']['wildcard'] = wildcard_labels
+            data['node']['feature'] = np.where(
+                wildcard_labels[:, None],
+                np.zeros_like(data['node']['feature']),
+                data['node']['feature']
+            )
+
+        adjacency_matrix = conformer.adjacency(
+            fill='full', radius=self._radius, sparse=False, self_loops=self._self_loops,
+        )
+
+        data['edge']['source'], data['edge']['target'] = np.where(adjacency_matrix)
+        
+        if self._pair_features is not None:
+            pair_features = np.concatenate(
+                [f(mol) for f in self._pair_features], axis=-1
+            )
+            pair_keep = adjacency_matrix.reshape(-1).astype(bool)
+            data['edge']['feature'] = pair_features[pair_keep]
+
+        if self._super_node:
+            data = _add_super_node(data)
+            data['node']['coordinate'] = np.concatenate(
+                [data['node']['coordinate'], conformer.centroid[None]], axis=0
+            )
+
+        return tensors.GraphTensor(**_convert_dtypes(data))
+    
+    @property 
+    def random_seed(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._random_seed
+    
+    @random_seed.setter
+    def random_seed(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self._random_seed = value 
+
+    def get_config(self):
+        config = super().get_config()
+        config['radius'] = self._radius
+        config['pair_features'] = keras.saving.serialize_keras_object(
+            self._pair_features
+        )
+        config['random_seed'] = self._random_seed
+        return config
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(cls, config: dict):
+        config['pair_features'] = keras.saving.deserialize_keras_object(
+            config['pair_features']
+        )
+        return super().from_config(config)
+
+
+class PeptideGraphFeaturizer(MolGraphFeaturizer):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, 
+        atom_features: list[features.Feature] | str = 'auto',
+        bond_features: list[features.Feature] | str | None = 'auto',
+        molecule_features: list[descriptors.Descriptor] | str | None = None,
+        super_node: bool = False,
+        self_loops: bool = False,
+        include_hydrogens: bool = False,
+        wildcards: bool = False,
+        monomers: dict[str, str] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            atom_features=atom_features,
+            bond_features=bond_features,
+            molecule_features=molecule_features,
+            super_node=super_node,
+            self_loops=self_loops,
+            include_hydrogens=include_hydrogens,
+            wildcards=wildcards,
+        )
+        if not monomers:
+            monomers = {}
+        monomers = {**_default_monomers, **monomers}
+        self.monomers = monomers
+        
+    def call(self, mol, context=None):
+        mol = self.mol_from_sequence(mol)
+        subgraph_indicator = [
+            int(atom.GetProp('react_idx')) for atom in mol.atoms
+        ]
+        if self._super_node:
+            subgraph_indicator.append(-1)
+        graph = super().call(mol, context=context)
+        return graph.update({'node': {'subgraph_indicator': subgraph_indicator}})
+
+    def get_config(self) -> dict:
+        config = super().get_config()
+        config['monomers'] = dict(self.monomers)
+        return config 
+        
+    def mol_from_sequence(self, sequence: str) -> chem.Mol:
+        symbols = [
+            match.group(0) for match in re.finditer(_monomer_pattern, sequence)
+        ]
+        monomers = [
+            chem.Mol.from_encoding(self.monomers[s]) for s in symbols
+        ]
+        backbone_template = '[N:{0}][C:{1}][C:{2}](=[O:{3}])'
+        product = reactants = ''
+        for i in range(len(monomers)):
+            backbone = backbone_template.format((i*4)+0, (i*4)+1, (i*4)+2, (i*4)+3)
+            product += backbone
+            reactants += backbone
+            c_terminal = (i == len(monomers) - 1)
+            if c_terminal:
+                product += f'[O:{(i*4)+4}]'
+                reactants += f'[O:{(i*4)+4}]'
+            else:
+                reactants += '[O]' + '.'
+        reaction = rdChemReactions.ReactionFromSmarts(reactants + '>>' + product)
+        products = reaction.RunReactants(monomers)
+        if not len(products):
+            raise ValueError(f'Could not obtain polymer from monomers: {monomers}.')
+        polymer = products[0][0]
+        return chem.sanitize_mol(polymer)
+    
+
+def save_featurizer(
+    featurizer: GraphFeaturizer, 
+    filepath: str | Path, 
+    overwrite: bool = True, 
+    **kwargs
+) -> None:
+    filepath = Path(filepath)
+    if filepath.suffix != '.json':
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Invalid `filepath` extension for saving a `GraphFeaturizer`. '
+            'A `GraphFeaturizer` should be saved as a JSON file.'
+        )
+    if not filepath.parent.exists():
+        filepath.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    if filepath.exists() and not overwrite:
+        return 
+    serialized_featurizer = keras.saving.serialize_keras_object(featurizer)
+    with open(filepath, 'w') as f:
+        json.dump(serialized_featurizer, f, indent=4)
+
+def load_featurizer(
+    filepath: str | Path,
+    **kwargs
+) -> GraphFeaturizer:
+    filepath = Path(filepath)
+    if filepath.suffix != '.json':
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Invalid `filepath` extension for loading a `GraphFeaturizer`. '
+            'A `GraphFeaturizer` should be saved as a JSON file.'
+        )
+    if not filepath.exists():
+        return 
+    with open(filepath, 'r') as f:
+        config = json.load(f)
+    return keras.saving.deserialize_keras_object(config)
+
+def _add_super_node(
+    data: dict[str, dict[str, np.ndarray]]
+) -> dict[str, dict[str, np.ndarray]]:
+
+    data['context']['size'] += 1
+
+    num_nodes = data['node']['feature'].shape[0]
+    num_edges = data['edge']['source'].shape[0]
+    super_node_index = num_nodes
+
+    add_self_loops = np.any(
+        data['edge']['source'] == data['edge']['target']
+    )
+    if add_self_loops:
+        data['edge']['source'] = np.append(
+            data['edge']['source'], super_node_index
+        )
+        data['edge']['target'] = np.append(
+            data['edge']['target'], super_node_index
+        )
+
+    data['node']['feature'] = np.pad(data['node']['feature'], [(0, 1), (0, 0)])
+    data['node']['super'] = np.asarray([False] * num_nodes + [True])
+    if 'wildcard' in data['node']:
+        data['node']['wildcard'] = np.pad(data['node']['wildcard'], [(0, 1)])
+
+    node_indices = list(range(num_nodes))
+    super_node_indices = [super_node_index] * num_nodes
+
+    data['edge']['source'] = np.append(
+        data['edge']['source'], node_indices + super_node_indices
+    )
+    data['edge']['target'] = np.append(
+        data['edge']['target'], super_node_indices + node_indices
+    )
+    
+    total_num_edges = data['edge']['source'].shape[0]
+    num_super_edges = (total_num_edges - num_edges) 
+    data['edge']['super'] = np.asarray(
+        [False] * num_edges + [True] * num_super_edges
+    )
+
+    if 'feature' in data['edge']:
+        data['edge']['feature'] = np.pad(
+            data['edge']['feature'], [(0, num_super_edges), (0, 0)]
+        )
+        
+    return data
+
+def _convert_dtypes(data: dict[str, dict[str, np.ndarray]]) -> np.ndarray:
+    for outer_key, inner_dict in data.items():
+        for inner_key, inner_value in inner_dict.items():
+            if inner_key in ['source', 'target', 'size']:
+                data[outer_key][inner_key] = inner_value.astype(np.int32)
+            elif np.issubdtype(inner_value.dtype, np.integer):
+                data[outer_key][inner_key] = inner_value.astype(np.int32)
+            elif np.issubdtype(inner_value.dtype, np.floating):
+                data[outer_key][inner_key] = inner_value.astype(np.float32)
+    return data
+
+def _unpack_inputs(inputs) -> tuple:
+    if isinstance(inputs, np.ndarray):
+        inputs = tuple(inputs.tolist())
+    elif isinstance(inputs, list):
+        inputs = tuple(inputs)
+    if not isinstance(inputs, tuple):
+        mol, context = inputs, {}
+    elif isinstance(inputs[0], int) and isinstance(inputs[1], pd.Series):
+        index, series = inputs
+        mol = series.values[0]
+        context = dict(
+            zip(
+                map(_snake_case, series.index[1:]), 
+                map(np.asarray, series.values[1:])
+            )
+        )
+        context['index'] = np.asarray(index)
+    else:
+        mol, *context = inputs
+        context = dict(zip(['label', 'sample_weight'], map(np.asarray, context)))
+    return mol, context
+    
+def _snake_case(x: str) -> str:
+    return '_'.join(x.lower().split())
+
+def _call_kwargs(func) -> bool:
+    signature = inspect.signature(func)
+    return any(
+        (param.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD) or (param.name == 'context')
+        for param in signature.parameters.values()
+    )
+
+_monomer_pattern = "|".join([
+    r'(\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\]-[A-Z]\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\])',    # [Mod]-A[Mod]
+    r'([A-Z]\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\]-\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\])',    # A[Mod]-[Mod]
+    r'(\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\]-[A-Z])',                    # [Mod]-A
+    r'([A-Z]-\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\])',                    # A-[Mod]
+    r'([A-Z]\[[A-Za-z0-9]+\])',                     # A[Mod]
+    r'([A-Z])',                                     # A
+    r'\(.*?\)'                                      # (A)
+])
+
+_default_monomers = {
+    "A": "N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O",
+    "C": "N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O",
+    "D": "N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O",
+    "E": "N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O",
+    "F": "N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O",
+    "G": "NCC(=O)O",
+    "H": "N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)O",
+    "I": "N[C@@H](C(CC)C)C(=O)O",
+    "K": "N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O",
+    "L": "N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O",
+    "M": "N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O",
+    "N": "N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O",
+    "P": "N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)O",
+    "Q": "N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O",
+    "R": "N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O",
+    "S": "N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O",
+    "T": "N[C@@H](C(O)C)C(=O)O",
+    "V": "N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O",
+    "W": "N[C@@H](CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O",
+    "Y": "N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)O",
+}