mergeron 2024.738953.1__py3-none-any.whl → 2025.739265.0__py3-none-any.whl

mergeron/gen/data_generation_functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,876 @@
+"""
+Non-public functions called in data_generation.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Literal
+
+import numpy as np
+from attrs import evolve
+from numpy.random import SeedSequence
+
+from .. import DEFAULT_REC_RATIO, VERSION, ArrayDouble, RECForm  # noqa: TID252
+from ..core.empirical_margin_distribution import mgn_data_resampler  # noqa: TID252
+from ..core.pseudorandom_numbers import (  # noqa: TID252
+    DEFAULT_DIST_PARMS,
+    MultithreadedRNG,
+    prng,
+)
+from . import (
+    DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAY,
+    DEFAULT_FCOUNT_WTS,
+    FM2Constraint,
+    MarginDataSample,
+    PCMDistribution,
+    PCMSpec,
+    PriceDataSample,
+    PriceSpec,
+    SeedSequenceData,
+    ShareDataSample,
+    ShareSpec,
+    SHRDistribution,
+    SSZConstant,
+)
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+
+
+def gen_share_data(
+    _sample_size: int,
+    _share_spec: ShareSpec,
+    _fcount_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None,
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence,
+    _nthreads: int = 16,
+    /,
+) -> ShareDataSample:
+    """Helper function for generating share data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _share_spec
+        Class specifying parameters for generating market share data
+    _fcount_rng_seed_seq
+        Seed sequence for assuring independent and, optionally, redundant streams
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq
+        Seed sequence for assuring independent and, optionally, redundant streams
+    _nthreads
+        Must be specified for generating repeatable random streams
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        Arrays representing shares, diversion ratios, etc. structured as a :ShareDataSample:
+
+    """
+
+    _recapture_form, _dist_type_mktshr, _dist_parms_mktshr, _firm_count_prob_wts = (
+        getattr(_share_spec, _f)
+        for _f in ("recapture_form", "dist_type", "dist_parms", "firm_counts_weights")
+    )
+
+    _ssz = _sample_size
+
+    if _dist_type_mktshr == SHRDistribution.UNI:
+        _mkt_share_sample = gen_market_shares_uniform(
+            _ssz, _dist_parms_mktshr, _mktshr_rng_seed_seq, _nthreads
+        )
+
+    elif _dist_type_mktshr.name.startswith("DIR_"):
+        _firm_count_prob_wts = (
+            None
+            if _firm_count_prob_wts is None
+            else np.array(_firm_count_prob_wts, dtype=np.float64)
+        )
+        _mkt_share_sample = gen_market_shares_dirichlet_multimarket(
+            _ssz,
+            _recapture_form,
+            _dist_type_mktshr,
+            _dist_parms_mktshr,
+            _firm_count_prob_wts,
+            _fcount_rng_seed_seq,
+            _mktshr_rng_seed_seq,
+            _nthreads,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f'Unexpected type, "{_dist_type_mktshr}" for share distribution.'
+        )
+
+    # If recapture_form == "inside-out", recalculate _aggregate_purchase_prob
+    _frmshr_array = _mkt_share_sample.mktshr_array[:, :2]
+    _r_bar = _share_spec.recapture_ratio or DEFAULT_REC_RATIO
+    if _recapture_form == RECForm.INOUT:
+        _mkt_share_sample = ShareDataSample(
+            _mkt_share_sample.mktshr_array,
+            _mkt_share_sample.fcounts,
+            _mkt_share_sample.nth_firm_share,
+            _r_bar / (1 - (1 - _r_bar) * _frmshr_array.min(axis=1, keepdims=True)),
+        )
+
+    return _mkt_share_sample
+
+
+def gen_market_shares_uniform(
+    _s_size: int = 10**6,
+    _dist_parms_mktshr: ArrayDouble | None = DEFAULT_DIST_PARMS,
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None,
+    _nthreads: int = 16,
+    /,
+) -> ShareDataSample:
+    """Generate merging-firm shares from Uniform distribution on the 3-D simplex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _s_size
+        size of sample to be drawn
+
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq
+        seed for rng, so results can be made replicable
+
+    _nthreads
+        number of threads for random number generation
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        market shares and other market statistics for each draw (market)
+
+    """
+
+    _frmshr_array = np.empty((_s_size, 2), dtype=np.float64)
+
+    _dist_parms_mktshr = _dist_parms_mktshr or DEFAULT_DIST_PARMS
+    _mrng = MultithreadedRNG(
+        _frmshr_array,
+        dist_type="Uniform",
+        dist_parms=_dist_parms_mktshr,
+        seed_sequence=_mktshr_rng_seed_seq,
+        nthreads=_nthreads,
+    )
+    _mrng.fill()
+    # Convert draws on U[0, 1] to Uniformly-distributed draws on simplex, s_1 + s_2 <= 1
+    _frmshr_array.sort(axis=1)
+    _frmshr_array = np.column_stack((
+        _frmshr_array[:, 0],
+        _frmshr_array[:, 1] - _frmshr_array[:, 0],
+    ))
+
+    # Keep only share combinations representing feasible mergers
+    # This is a no-op for 64-bit floats, but is necessary for 32-bit floats
+    _frmshr_array = _frmshr_array[_frmshr_array.min(axis=1) > 0]
+
+    # Let a third column have values of "np.nan", so HHI calculations return "np.nan"
+    _mktshr_array = np.pad(
+        _frmshr_array, ((0, 0), (0, 1)), "constant", constant_values=np.nan
+    )
+
+    _fcounts = np.empty((_s_size, 1), np.int64)
+    _nth_firm_share, _aggregate_purchase_prob = (
+        np.empty(_fcounts.shape, np.float64)
+        for _ in ("nth_firm_share", "aggregate_purchase_prob")
+    )
+
+    # This array is meant to be ignored, so a sentinel value is fine
+    _fcounts.fill(-9999)
+
+    _nth_firm_share.fill(np.nan)
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob.fill(np.nan)
+
+    return ShareDataSample(
+        _mktshr_array, _fcounts, _nth_firm_share, _aggregate_purchase_prob
+    )
+
+
+def gen_market_shares_dirichlet_multimarket(
+    _s_size: int = 10**6,
+    _recapture_form: RECForm = RECForm.INOUT,
+    _dist_type_dir: SHRDistribution = SHRDistribution.DIR_FLAT,
+    _dist_parms_dir: ArrayDouble | None = None,
+    _firm_count_wts: ArrayDouble | None = None,
+    _fcount_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None,
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None,
+    _nthreads: int = 16,
+    /,
+) -> ShareDataSample:
+    """Dirichlet-distributed shares with multiple firm-counts.
+
+    Firm-counts may be specified as having Uniform distribution over the range
+    of firm counts, or a set of probability weights may be specified. In the
+    latter case the proportion of draws for each firm-count matches the
+    specified probability weight.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _s_size
+        sample size to be drawn
+
+    _firm_count_wts
+        firm count weights array for sample to be drawn
+
+    _dist_type_dir
+        Whether Dirichlet is Flat or Asymmetric
+
+    _recapture_form
+        r_1 = r_2 if "proportional", otherwise MNL-consistent
+
+    _fcount_rng_seed_seq
+        seed firm count rng, for replicable results
+
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq
+        seed market share rng, for replicable results
+
+    _nthreads
+        number of threads for parallelized random number generation
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        array of market shares and other market statistics
+
+    """
+
+    # _firm_count_wts: ArrayDouble = (
+    #     DEFAULT_FCOUNT_WTS if _firm_count_wts is None else _firm_count_wts
+    # )
+    _firm_count_wts = DEFAULT_FCOUNT_WTS if _firm_count_wts is None else _firm_count_wts
+
+    _min_choice_wt = 0.03 if _dist_type_dir == SHRDistribution.DIR_FLAT_CONSTR else 0.00
+    _fcount_keys, _choice_wts = zip(
+        *(
+            _f
+            for _f in zip(
+                2 + np.arange(len(_firm_count_wts)),
+                _firm_count_wts / _firm_count_wts.sum(),
+                strict=True,
+            )
+            if _f[1] > _min_choice_wt
+        )
+    )
+    _choice_wts = _choice_wts / sum(_choice_wts)
+
+    _fc_max = _fcount_keys[-1]
+    _dir_alphas_full = (
+        [1.0] * _fc_max if _dist_parms_dir is None else _dist_parms_dir[:_fc_max]
+    )
+    if _dist_type_dir == SHRDistribution.DIR_ASYM:
+        _dir_alphas_full = [2.0] * 6 + [1.5] * 5 + [1.25] * min(7, _fc_max)
+
+    if _dist_type_dir == SHRDistribution.DIR_COND:
+
+        def _gen_dir_alphas(_fcv: int) -> ArrayDouble:
+            _dat = [2.5] * 2
+            if _fcv > len(_dat):
+                _dat += [1.0 / (_fcv - 2)] * (_fcv - 2)
+            return np.array(_dat, dtype=np.float64)
+
+    else:
+
+        def _gen_dir_alphas(_fcv: int) -> ArrayDouble:
+            return np.array(_dir_alphas_full[:_fcv], dtype=np.float64)
+
+    _fcounts = prng(_fcount_rng_seed_seq).choice(
+        _fcount_keys, size=(_s_size, 1), p=_choice_wts
+    )
+
+    _mktshr_seed_seq_ch = (
+        _mktshr_rng_seed_seq.spawn(len(_fcount_keys))
+        if isinstance(_mktshr_rng_seed_seq, SeedSequence)
+        else SeedSequence(pool_size=8).spawn(len(_fcounts))
+    )
+
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob, _nth_firm_share = (
+        np.empty((_s_size, 1)) for _ in range(2)
+    )
+    _mktshr_array = np.empty((_s_size, _fc_max), dtype=np.float64)
+    for _f_val, _f_sseq in zip(_fcount_keys, _mktshr_seed_seq_ch, strict=True):
+        _fcounts_match_rows = np.where(_fcounts == _f_val)[0]
+        _dir_alphas_test = _gen_dir_alphas(_f_val)
+
+        try:
+            _mktshr_sample_f = gen_market_shares_dirichlet(
+                _dir_alphas_test,
+                len(_fcounts_match_rows),
+                _recapture_form,
+                _f_sseq,
+                _nthreads,
+            )
+        except ValueError as _err:
+            print(_f_val, len(_fcounts_match_rows))
+            raise _err
+
+        # Push data for present sample to parent
+        _mktshr_array[_fcounts_match_rows] = np.pad(
+            _mktshr_sample_f.mktshr_array,
+            ((0, 0), (0, _fc_max - _mktshr_sample_f.mktshr_array.shape[1])),
+            "constant",
+        )
+        _aggregate_purchase_prob[_fcounts_match_rows] = (
+            _mktshr_sample_f.aggregate_purchase_prob
+        )
+        _nth_firm_share[_fcounts_match_rows] = _mktshr_sample_f.nth_firm_share
+
+    if (_iss := np.round(np.einsum("ij->", _mktshr_array))) != _s_size or _iss != len(
+        _mktshr_array
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "DATA GENERATION ERROR: {} {} {}".format(
+                "Generation of sample shares is inconsistent:",
+                "array of drawn shares must some to the number of draws",
+                "i.e., the sample size, which condition is not met.",
+            )
+        )
+
+    return ShareDataSample(
+        _mktshr_array, _fcounts, _nth_firm_share, _aggregate_purchase_prob
+    )
+
+
+def gen_market_shares_dirichlet(
+    _dir_alphas: ArrayDouble,
+    _s_size: int = 10**6,
+    _recapture_form: RECForm = RECForm.INOUT,
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None,
+    _nthreads: int = 16,
+    /,
+) -> ShareDataSample:
+    """Dirichlet-distributed shares with fixed firm-count.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _dir_alphas
+        Shape parameters for Dirichlet distribution
+
+    _s_size
+        sample size to be drawn
+
+    _recapture_form
+        r_1 = r_2 if RECForm.FIXED, otherwise MNL-consistent. If
+        RECForm.OUTIN; the number of columns in the output share array
+        is len(_dir_alphas) - 1.
+
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq
+        seed market share rng, for replicable results
+
+    _nthreads
+        number of threads for parallelized random number generation
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        array of market shares and other market statistics
+
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(_dir_alphas, np.ndarray):
+        _dir_alphas = np.array(_dir_alphas)
+
+    if _recapture_form == RECForm.OUTIN:
+        _dir_alphas = np.concatenate((_dir_alphas, _dir_alphas[-1:]))
+
+    _mktshr_seed_seq_ch = (
+        _mktshr_rng_seed_seq
+        if isinstance(_mktshr_rng_seed_seq, SeedSequence)
+        else SeedSequence(pool_size=8)
+    )
+
+    _mktshr_array = np.empty((_s_size, len(_dir_alphas)), dtype=np.float64)
+    _mrng = MultithreadedRNG(
+        _mktshr_array,
+        dist_type="Dirichlet",
+        dist_parms=_dir_alphas,
+        seed_sequence=_mktshr_seed_seq_ch,
+        nthreads=_nthreads,
+    )
+    _mrng.fill()
+
+    if (_iss := np.round(np.einsum("ij->", _mktshr_array))) != _s_size or _iss != len(
+        _mktshr_array
+    ):
+        print(_dir_alphas, _iss, repr(_s_size), len(_mktshr_array))
+        print(repr(_mktshr_array[-10:, :]))
+        raise ValueError(
+            "DATA GENERATION ERROR: {} {} {}".format(
+                "Generation of sample shares is inconsistent:",
+                "array of drawn shares must sum to the number of draws",
+                "i.e., the sample size, which condition is not met.",
+            )
+        )
+
+    # If recapture_form == 'inside_out', further calculations downstream
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob = np.empty((_s_size, 1), dtype=np.float64)
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob.fill(np.nan)
+    if _recapture_form == RECForm.OUTIN:
+        _aggregate_purchase_prob = 1 - _mktshr_array[:, [-1]]  # type: ignore
+        _mktshr_array = _mktshr_array[:, :-1] / _aggregate_purchase_prob  # type: ignore
+
+    return ShareDataSample(
+        _mktshr_array,
+        (_mktshr_array.shape[-1] * np.ones((_s_size, 1))).astype(np.int64),
+        _mktshr_array[:, [-1]],
+        _aggregate_purchase_prob,
+    )
+
+
+def gen_divr_array(
+    _recapture_form: RECForm,
+    _recapture_ratio: float | None,
+    _frmshr_array: ArrayDouble,
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob: ArrayDouble = DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAY,
+    /,
+) -> ArrayDouble:
+    """
+    Given merging-firm shares and related parameters, return diverion ratios.
+
+    If recapture is specified as :attr:`mergeron.RECForm.OUTIN`, then the
+    choice-probability for the outside good must be supplied.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _recapture_form
+        Enum specifying Fixed (proportional), Inside-out, or Outside-in
+
+    _recapture_ratio
+        If recapture is proportional or inside-out, the recapture ratio
+        for the firm with the smaller share.
+
+    _frmshr_array
+        Merging-firm shares.
+
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob
+        1 minus probability that the outside good is chosen; converts
+        market shares to choice probabilities by multiplication.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the firm with the smaller share does not have the larger
+        diversion ratio between the merging firms.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        Merging-firm diversion ratios for mergers in the sample.
+
+    """
+
+    _divr_array: ArrayDouble
+    if _recapture_form == RECForm.FIXED:
+        _divr_array = _recapture_ratio * _frmshr_array[:, ::-1] / (1 - _frmshr_array)  # type: ignore
+
+    else:
+        _purchprob_array = _aggregate_purchase_prob * _frmshr_array
+        _divr_array = _purchprob_array[:, ::-1] / (1 - _purchprob_array)
+
+    _divr_assert_test = (
+        (np.round(np.einsum("ij->i", _frmshr_array), 15) == 1)
+        | (np.argmin(_frmshr_array, axis=1) == np.argmax(_divr_array, axis=1))
+    )[:, None]
+    if not all(_divr_assert_test):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "{} {} {} {}".format(
+                "Data construction fails tests:",
+                "the index of min(s_1, s_2) must equal",
+                "the index of max(d_12, d_21), for all draws.",
+                "unless frmshr_array sums to 1.00.",
+            )
+        )
+
+    return _divr_array
+
+
+def gen_margin_price_data(
+    _frmshr_array: ArrayDouble,
+    _nth_firm_share: ArrayDouble,
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob: ArrayDouble,
+    _pcm_spec: PCMSpec,
+    _price_spec: PriceSpec,
+    _hsr_filing_test_type: SSZConstant,
+    _pcm_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence,
+    _pr_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None,
+    _nthreads: int = 16,
+    /,
+) -> tuple[MarginDataSample, PriceDataSample]:
+    """Generate margin and price data for mergers in the sample.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _frmshr_array
+        Merging-firm shares; see :class:`mergeron.gen.ShareSpec`.
+
+    _nth_firm_share
+        Share of the nth firm in the sample.
+
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob
+        1 minus probability that the outside good is chosen; converts
+        market shares to choice probabilities by multiplication.
+
+    _pcm_spec
+        Enum specifying whether to use asymmetric or flat margins. see
+        :class:`mergeron.gen.PCMSpec`.
+
+    _price_spec
+        Enum specifying whether to use symmetric, positive, or negative
+        margins; see :class:`mergeron.gen.PriceSpec`.
+
+    _hsr_filing_test_type
+        Enum specifying restriction, if any, to impose on market data sample
+        to model HSR filing requirements; see :class:`mergeron.gen.SSZConstant`.
+
+    _pcm_rng_seed_seq
+        Seed sequence for generating margin data.
+
+    _pr_rng_seed_seq
+        Seed sequence for generating price data.
+
+    _nthreads
+        Number of threads to use in generating price data.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        Simulated margin- and price-data arrays for mergers in the sample.
+    """
+
+    _margin_data = MarginDataSample(
+        np.empty_like(_frmshr_array), np.ones(len(_frmshr_array)) == 0
+    )
+
+    _price_array, _price_ratio_array = (
+        np.ones_like(_frmshr_array, np.float64),
+        np.empty_like(_frmshr_array, np.float64),
+    )
+
+    _pr_max_ratio = 5.0
+    match _price_spec:
+        case PriceSpec.SYM:
+            _nth_firm_price = np.ones((len(_frmshr_array), 1), np.float64)
+        case PriceSpec.POS:
+            _price_array, _nth_firm_price = (
+                np.ceil(_p * _pr_max_ratio) for _p in (_frmshr_array, _nth_firm_share)
+            )
+        case PriceSpec.NEG:
+            _price_array, _nth_firm_price = (
+                np.ceil((1 - _p) * _pr_max_ratio)
+                for _p in (_frmshr_array, _nth_firm_share)
+            )
+        case PriceSpec.ZERO:
+            _price_array_gen = prng(_pr_rng_seed_seq).choice(
+                1 + np.arange(_pr_max_ratio), size=(len(_frmshr_array), 3)
+            )
+            _price_array = _price_array_gen[:, :2]
+            _nth_firm_price = _price_array_gen[:, [2]]  # type: ignore
+            # del _price_array_gen
+        case PriceSpec.CSY:
+            # TODO:
+            # evolve FM2Constraint (save running MNL test twice); evolve copy of _mkt_sample_spec=1q
+            # generate the margin data
+            # generate price and margin data
+            _frmshr_array_plus = np.hstack((_frmshr_array, _nth_firm_share))
+            _pcm_spec_here = evolve(_pcm_spec, firm2_pcm_constraint=FM2Constraint.IID)
+            _margin_data = _gen_margin_data(
+                _frmshr_array_plus,
+                np.ones_like(_frmshr_array_plus, np.float64),
+                _aggregate_purchase_prob,
+                _pcm_spec_here,
+                _pcm_rng_seed_seq,
+                _nthreads,
+            )
+
+            _pcm_array, _mnl_test_array = (
+                getattr(_margin_data, _f) for _f in ("pcm_array", "mnl_test_array")
+            )
+
+            _price_array_here = 1 / (1 - _pcm_array)
+            _price_array = _price_array_here[:, :2]
+            _nth_firm_price = _price_array_here[:, [-1]]
+            if _pcm_spec.firm2_pcm_constraint == FM2Constraint.MNL:
+                # Generate i.i.d. PCMs then take PCM0 and construct PCM1
+                # Regenerate MNL test
+                _purchase_prob_array = _aggregate_purchase_prob * _frmshr_array
+                _pcm_array[:, 1] = np.divide(
+                    (
+                        _m1_nr := np.divide(
+                            np.einsum(
+                                "ij,ij,ij->ij",
+                                _price_array[:, [0]],
+                                _pcm_array[:, [0]],
+                                1 - _purchase_prob_array[:, [0]],
+                            ),
+                            1 - _purchase_prob_array[:, [1]],
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    1 + _m1_nr,
+                )
+                _mnl_test_array = (_pcm_array[:, [1]] >= 0) & (_pcm_array[:, [1]] <= 1)
+
+            _margin_data = MarginDataSample(_pcm_array[:, :2], _mnl_test_array)
+            del _price_array_here
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Specification of price distribution, "{_price_spec.value}" is invalid.'
+            )
+    if _price_spec != PriceSpec.CSY:
+        _margin_data = _gen_margin_data(
+            _frmshr_array,
+            _price_array,
+            _aggregate_purchase_prob,
+            _pcm_spec,
+            _pcm_rng_seed_seq,
+            _nthreads,
+        )
+
+    _price_array = _price_array.astype(np.float64)
+    _rev_array = _price_array * _frmshr_array
+    _nth_firm_rev = _nth_firm_price * _nth_firm_share
+
+    # Although `_test_rev_ratio_inv` is not fixed at 10%,
+    # the ratio has not changed since inception of the HSR filing test,
+    # so we treat it as a constant of merger enforcement policy.
+    _test_rev_ratio, _test_rev_ratio_inv = 10, 1 / 10
+
+    match _hsr_filing_test_type:
+        case SSZConstant.HSR_TEN:
+            # See, https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/premerger-notification-program/
+            #   -> Procedures For Submitting Post-Consummation Filings
+            #    -> Key Elements to Determine Whether a Post Consummation Filing is Required
+            #           under heading, "Historical Thresholds"
+            # Revenue ratio has been 10-to-1 since inception
+            # Thus, a simple form of the HSR filing test would impose a 10-to-1
+            # ratio restriction on the merging firms' revenues
+            _rev_ratio = (_rev_array.min(axis=1) / _rev_array.max(axis=1)).round(4)
+            _hsr_filing_test = _rev_ratio >= _test_rev_ratio_inv
+            # del _rev_array, _rev_ratio
+        case SSZConstant.HSR_NTH:
+            # To get around the 10-to-1 ratio restriction, specify that the nth firm test:
+            # if the smaller merging firm matches or exceeds the n-th firm in size, and
+            # the larger merging firm has at least 10 times the size of the nth firm,
+            # the size test is considered met.
+            # Alternatively, if the smaller merging firm has 10% or greater share,
+            # the value of transaction test is considered met.
+            _rev_ratio_to_nth = np.round(np.sort(_rev_array, axis=1) / _nth_firm_rev, 4)
+            _hsr_filing_test = (
+                np.einsum(
+                    "ij->i",
+                    1 * (_rev_ratio_to_nth > [1, _test_rev_ratio]),
+                    dtype=np.int64,
+                )
+                == _rev_ratio_to_nth.shape[1]
+            )
+
+            # del _nth_firm_rev, _rev_ratio_to_nth
+        case _:
+            # Otherwise, all draws meet the filing test
+            _hsr_filing_test = np.ones(len(_frmshr_array), dtype=bool)
+    _hsr_filing_test = _hsr_filing_test | (
+        _frmshr_array.min(axis=1) >= _test_rev_ratio_inv
+    )
+
+    return _margin_data, PriceDataSample(_price_array, _hsr_filing_test)
+
+
+def _gen_margin_data(
+    _frmshr_array: ArrayDouble,
+    _price_array: ArrayDouble,
+    _aggregate_purchase_prob: ArrayDouble,
+    _pcm_spec: PCMSpec,
+    _pcm_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence,
+    _nthreads: int = 16,
+    /,
+) -> MarginDataSample:
+    _dist_type_pcm, _dist_firm2_pcm, _dist_parms_pcm = (
+        getattr(_pcm_spec, _f)
+        for _f in ("dist_type", "firm2_pcm_constraint", "dist_parms")
+    )
+
+    _pcm_array = (
+        np.empty((len(_frmshr_array), 1), dtype=np.float64)
+        if _pcm_spec.firm2_pcm_constraint == FM2Constraint.SYM
+        else np.empty_like(_frmshr_array, dtype=np.float64)
+    )
+
+    _beta_min, _beta_max = [None] * 2  # placeholder
+    if _dist_type_pcm == PCMDistribution.EMPR:
+        _pcm_array = mgn_data_resampler(
+            _pcm_array.shape, seed_sequence=_pcm_rng_seed_seq
+        )
+    else:
+        _dist_type: Literal["Beta", "Uniform"]
+        if _dist_type_pcm in (PCMDistribution.BETA, PCMDistribution.BETA_BND):
+            _dist_type = "Beta"
+            _dist_parms_pcm = (
+                (
+                    np.array([0, 1, 0, 1], np.float64)
+                    if _dist_parms_pcm == PCMDistribution.BETA_BND
+                    else np.ones(2, np.float64)
+                )
+                if _dist_parms_pcm is None
+                else _dist_parms_pcm
+            )
+            _dist_parms = beta_located_bound(_dist_parms_pcm)
+
+        else:
+            _dist_type = "Uniform"
+            _dist_parms = (
+                DEFAULT_DIST_PARMS if _dist_parms_pcm is None else _dist_parms_pcm
+            )
+
+        _pcm_rng = MultithreadedRNG(
+            _pcm_array,
+            dist_type=_dist_type,
+            dist_parms=_dist_parms,
+            seed_sequence=_pcm_rng_seed_seq,
+            nthreads=_nthreads,
+        )
+        _pcm_rng.fill()
+        del _pcm_rng
+
+    if _dist_type_pcm == PCMDistribution.BETA_BND:
+        _beta_min, _beta_max = _dist_parms_pcm[2:]
+        _pcm_array = (_beta_max - _beta_min) * _pcm_array + _beta_min
+        del _beta_min, _beta_max
+
+    if _dist_firm2_pcm == FM2Constraint.SYM:
+        _pcm_array = np.column_stack((_pcm_array,) * _frmshr_array.shape[1])
+    if _dist_firm2_pcm == FM2Constraint.MNL:
+        # Impose FOCs from profit-maximization with MNL demand
+        if _dist_type_pcm == PCMDistribution.EMPR:
+            print(
+                "NOTE: Estimated Firm 2 parameters will not be consistent with "
+                "the empirical distribution of margins in the source data. For "
+                "consistency, respecify pcm_spec.firm2_pcm_constraint = FM2Constraint.IID."
+            )
+        _purchase_prob_array = _aggregate_purchase_prob * _frmshr_array
+
+        _pcm_array[:, [1]] = np.divide(
+            np.einsum(
+                "ij,ij,ij->ij",
+                _price_array[:, [0]],
+                _pcm_array[:, [0]],
+                1 - _purchase_prob_array[:, [0]],
+            ),
+            np.einsum(
+                "ij,ij->ij", _price_array[:, [1]], 1 - _purchase_prob_array[:, [1]]
+            ),
+        )
+
+        _mnl_test_array = _pcm_array[:, 1].__ge__(0) & _pcm_array[:, 1].__le__(1)
+    else:
+        _mnl_test_array = np.ones(len(_pcm_array), dtype=bool)
+
+    return MarginDataSample(_pcm_array, _mnl_test_array)
+
+
+def _beta_located(
+    _mu: float | ArrayDouble, _sigma: float | ArrayDouble, /
+) -> ArrayDouble:
+    """
+    Given mean and stddev, return shape parameters for corresponding Beta distribution
+
+    Solve the first two moments of the standard Beta to get the shape parameters.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _mu
+        mean
+    _sigma
+        standardd deviation
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        shape parameters for Beta distribution
+
+    """
+
+    _mul = -1 + _mu * (1 - _mu) / _sigma**2
+    return np.array([_mu * _mul, (1 - _mu) * _mul], dtype=np.float64)
+
+
+def beta_located_bound(_dist_parms: ArrayDouble, /) -> ArrayDouble:
+    R"""
+    Return shape parameters for a non-standard beta, given the mean, stddev, range
+
+
+    Recover the r.v.s as
+    :math:`\min + (\max - \min) \cdot \symup{Β}(a, b)`,
+    with `a` and `b` calculated from the specified mean (:math:`\mu`) and
+    variance (:math:`\sigma`). [8]_
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _dist_parms
+        vector of :math:`\mu`, :math:`\sigma`, :math:`\mathtt{\min}`, and :math:`\mathtt{\max}` values
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        shape parameters for Beta distribution
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For example, ``beta_located_bound(np.array([0.5, 0.2887, 0.0, 1.0]))``.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [8] NIST, Beta Distribution. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda366h.htm
+    """  # noqa: RUF002
+
+    _bmu, _bsigma, _bmin, _bmax = _dist_parms
+    return _beta_located((_bmu - _bmin) / (_bmax - _bmin), _bsigma / (_bmax - _bmin))
+
+
+def parse_seed_seq_list(
+    _sseq_list: Sequence[SeedSequence] | None,
+    _mktshr_dist_type: SHRDistribution,
+    _price_spec: PriceSpec,
+    /,
+) -> SeedSequenceData:
+    """Initialize RNG seed sequences to ensure independence of distinct random streams.
+
+    The tuple of SeedSequences, is parsed in the following order
+    for generating the relevant random variates:
+    1.) quantity shares
+    2.) price-cost margins
+    3.) firm-counts, if :code:`MarketSpec.share_spec.dist_type` is a Dirichlet distribution
+    4.) prices, if :code:`MarketSpec.price_spec ==`:attr:`mergeron.gen.PriceSpec.ZERO`.
+
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    _sseq_list
+        List of RNG seed sequences
+
+    _mktshr_dist_type
+        Market share distribution type
+
+    _price_spec
+        Price specification
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        Seed sequence data
+
+    """
+    _seed_count = 2 if _mktshr_dist_type == SHRDistribution.UNI else 3
+    _seed_count += 1 if _price_spec == PriceSpec.ZERO else 0
+
+    _fcount_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None
+    _pr_rng_seed_seq: SeedSequence | None = None
+
+    _sseq_list = (
+        _sseq_list
+        if _sseq_list
+        else tuple(SeedSequence(pool_size=8) for _ in range(_seed_count))
+    )
+
+    if (_l := len(_sseq_list)) < _seed_count:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Seed sequence list must contain {_seed_count} seed sequences; "
+            f"only {_l} given."
+        )
+
+    _mktshr_rng_seed_seq, _pcm_rng_seed_seq = _sseq_list[:2]
+    _fcount_rng_seed_seq = (
+        None if _mktshr_dist_type == SHRDistribution.UNI else _sseq_list[2]
+    )
+    _pr_rng_seed_seq = _sseq_list[-1] if _price_spec == PriceSpec.ZERO else None
+
+    return SeedSequenceData(
+        _mktshr_rng_seed_seq, _pcm_rng_seed_seq, _fcount_rng_seed_seq, _pr_rng_seed_seq
+    )