maxframe 2.3.0__cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl

maxframe/dataframe/core.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2385 @@
+# Copyright 1999-2025 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import functools
+import operator
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from io import StringIO
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+
+from ..core import (
+    ENTITY_TYPE,
+    HasShapeTileable,
+    HasShapeTileableData,
+    OutputType,
+    Tileable,
+    _ExecuteAndFetchMixin,
+    is_build_mode,
+    register_output_types,
+)
+from ..core.entity.utils import fill_chunk_slices, refresh_tileable_shape
+from ..protocol import DataFrameTableMeta
+from ..serialization.serializables import (
+    AnyField,
+    BoolField,
+    DataTypeField,
+    DictField,
+    Int32Field,
+    IntervalArrayField,
+    ListField,
+    NDArrayField,
+    OneOfField,
+    ReferenceField,
+    Serializable,
+    SeriesField,
+    SliceField,
+    StringField,
+)
+from ..session import get_default_session
+from ..utils import (
+    calc_nsplits,
+    ceildiv,
+    estimate_pandas_size,
+    on_serialize_numpy_type,
+    pd_release_version,
+    prevent_called_from_pandas,
+    tokenize,
+)
+from .typing_ import DataFrameType, IndexType, SeriesType
+from .utils import (
+    ReprSeries,
+    apply_if_callable,
+    fetch_corner_data,
+    merge_index_value,
+    parse_index,
+)
+
+_df_with_iteritems = pd_release_version[:2] < (2, 0)
+
+
+class IndexValue(Serializable):
+    """
+    Meta class for index, held by IndexData, SeriesData and DataFrameData
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    class IndexBase(Serializable):
+        _key = StringField("key")  # to identify if the index is the same
+        _is_monotonic_increasing = BoolField("is_monotonic_increasing")
+        _is_monotonic_decreasing = BoolField("is_monotonic_decreasing")
+        _is_unique = BoolField("is_unique")
+        _max_val = AnyField("max_val", on_serialize=on_serialize_numpy_type)
+        _max_val_close = BoolField("max_val_close")
+        _min_val = AnyField("min_val", on_serialize=on_serialize_numpy_type)
+        _min_val_close = BoolField("min_val_close")
+
+        @property
+        def is_monotonic_increasing(self):
+            return self._is_monotonic_increasing
+
+        @property
+        def is_monotonic_decreasing(self):
+            return self._is_monotonic_decreasing
+
+        @property
+        def is_unique(self):
+            return self._is_unique
+
+        @property
+        def min_val(self):
+            return self._min_val
+
+        @property
+        def min_val_close(self):
+            return self._min_val_close
+
+        @property
+        def max_val(self):
+            return self._max_val
+
+        @property
+        def max_val_close(self):
+            return self._max_val_close
+
+        @property
+        def key(self):
+            return self._key
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return None
+
+        def to_pandas(self):
+            kw = {
+                field.tag: getattr(self, attr, None)
+                for attr, field in self._FIELDS.items()
+                if attr not in super(type(self), self)._FIELDS
+            }
+            kw = {k: v for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+            if kw.get("data") is None:
+                kw["data"] = []
+
+            pd_initializer = getattr(self, "_pd_initializer", None)
+            if pd_initializer is None:
+                pd_initializer = getattr(pd, type(self).__name__)
+            return pd_initializer(**kw)
+
+    class Index(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+
+        @property
+        def dtype(self):
+            return getattr(self, "_dtype", None)
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "floating" if self.dtype.kind == "f" else "integer"
+
+    class RangeIndex(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _slice = SliceField("slice")
+        _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+
+        @property
+        def slice(self):
+            return self._slice
+
+        @property
+        def dtype(self):
+            return getattr(self, "_dtype", np.dtype(np.intc))
+
+        def to_pandas(self):
+            slc = self._slice
+            return pd.RangeIndex(
+                slc.start, slc.stop, slc.step, name=getattr(self, "_name", None)
+            )
+
+    class CategoricalIndex(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _categories = AnyField("categories")
+        _ordered = BoolField("ordered")
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "categorical"
+
+    class IntervalIndex(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = IntervalArrayField("data")
+        _closed = StringField("closed")
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "interval"
+
+    class DatetimeIndex(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _freq = AnyField("freq")
+        _start = AnyField("start")
+        _periods = AnyField("periods")
+        _end = AnyField("end")
+        _closed = AnyField("closed")
+        _tz = AnyField("tz")
+        _ambiguous = AnyField("ambiguous")
+        _dayfirst = BoolField("dayfirst")
+        _yearfirst = BoolField("yearfirst")
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "datetime64"
+
+        @property
+        def freq(self):
+            return getattr(self, "_freq", None)
+
+    class TimedeltaIndex(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _unit = AnyField("unit")
+        _freq = AnyField("freq")
+        _start = AnyField("start")
+        _periods = AnyField("periods")
+        _end = AnyField("end")
+        _closed = AnyField("closed")
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "timedelta64"
+
+    class PeriodIndex(IndexBase):
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _freq = AnyField("freq")
+        _start = AnyField("start")
+        _periods = AnyField("periods")
+        _end = AnyField("end")
+        _year = AnyField("year")
+        _month = AnyField("month")
+        _quarter = AnyField("quarter")
+        _day = AnyField("day")
+        _hour = AnyField("hour")
+        _minute = AnyField("minute")
+        _second = AnyField("second")
+        _tz = AnyField("tz")
+        _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "period"
+
+    class Int64Index(IndexBase):
+        _pd_initializer = pd.Index
+
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+
+        @property
+        def dtype(self):
+            return getattr(self, "_dtype", None)
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "integer"
+
+    class UInt64Index(IndexBase):
+        _pd_initializer = pd.Index
+
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+
+        @property
+        def dtype(self):
+            return getattr(self, "_dtype", None)
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "integer"
+
+    class Float64Index(IndexBase):
+        _pd_initializer = pd.Index
+
+        _name = AnyField("name")
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+
+        @property
+        def dtype(self):
+            return getattr(self, "_dtype", None)
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "floating"
+
+    class MultiIndex(IndexBase):
+        _names = ListField("names", on_serialize=list)
+        _dtypes = ListField("dtypes", on_serialize=list)
+        _data = NDArrayField("data")
+        _sortorder = Int32Field("sortorder")
+
+        @property
+        def inferred_type(self):
+            return "mixed"
+
+        @property
+        def names(self) -> list:
+            return self._names
+
+        @property
+        def dtypes(self) -> pd.Series:
+            return pd.Series(self._dtypes, index=self._names)
+
+        def to_pandas(self):
+            data = getattr(self, "_data", None)
+            sortorder = getattr(self, "_sortorder", None)
+
+            def _build_empty_array(dtype):
+                try:
+                    return np.array([], dtype=dtype)
+                except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                    return pd.array([], dtype=dtype)
+
+            if data is None:
+                return pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(
+                    [_build_empty_array(dtype) for dtype in self._dtypes],
+                    sortorder=sortorder,
+                    names=self._names,
+                )
+            return pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(
+                [tuple(d) for d in data], sortorder=sortorder, names=self._names
+            )
+
+    _index_value = OneOfField(
+        "index_value",
+        index=Index,
+        range_index=RangeIndex,
+        categorical_index=CategoricalIndex,
+        interval_index=IntervalIndex,
+        datetime_index=DatetimeIndex,
+        timedelta_index=TimedeltaIndex,
+        period_index=PeriodIndex,
+        int64_index=Int64Index,
+        uint64_index=UInt64Index,
+        float64_index=Float64Index,
+        multi_index=MultiIndex,
+    )
+
+    def __maxframe_tokenize__(self):
+        # return object for tokenize
+        v = self._index_value
+        return v._key
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return self._index_value
+
+    @property
+    def key(self):
+        return self._index_value.key
+
+    @property
+    def is_monotonic_increasing(self):
+        return self._index_value.is_monotonic_increasing
+
+    @property
+    def is_monotonic_decreasing(self):
+        return self._index_value.is_monotonic_decreasing
+
+    @property
+    def is_monotonic_increasing_or_decreasing(self):
+        return self.is_monotonic_increasing or self.is_monotonic_decreasing
+
+    @property
+    def is_unique(self):
+        return self._index_value.is_unique
+
+    @property
+    def min_val(self):
+        return self._index_value.min_val
+
+    @property
+    def min_val_close(self):
+        return self._index_value.min_val_close
+
+    @property
+    def max_val(self):
+        return self._index_value.max_val
+
+    @property
+    def max_val_close(self):
+        return self._index_value.max_val_close
+
+    @property
+    def min_max(self):
+        return (
+            self._index_value.min_val,
+            self._index_value.min_val_close,
+            self._index_value.max_val,
+            self._index_value.max_val_close,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return getattr(self._index_value, "_name", None)
+
+    @property
+    def names(self):
+        return getattr(self._index_value, "_names", [self.name])
+
+    @property
+    def inferred_type(self):
+        return self._index_value.inferred_type
+
+    def has_value(self):
+        if isinstance(self._index_value, self.RangeIndex):
+            if np.isnan(self._index_value.max_val):
+                return False
+            else:
+                return True
+        elif getattr(self._index_value, "_data", None) is not None:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def to_pandas(self):
+        return self._index_value.to_pandas()
+
+
+class DtypesValue(Serializable):
+    """
+    Meta class for dtypes.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    _key = StringField("key")
+    _value = SeriesField("value")
+
+    def __init__(self, key=None, value=None, **kw):
+        super().__init__(_key=key, _value=value, **kw)
+        if self._key is None:
+            self._key = tokenize(self._value)
+
+    @property
+    def key(self):
+        return self._key
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return self._value
+
+
+def refresh_index_value(tileable: ENTITY_TYPE):
+    index_to_index_values = dict()
+    for chunk in tileable.chunks:
+        if chunk.ndim == 1 or chunk.index[1] == 0:
+            index_to_index_values[chunk.index] = chunk.index_value
+    index_value = merge_index_value(index_to_index_values, store_data=False)
+    # keep key as original index_value's
+    index_value._index_value._key = tileable.index_value.key
+    tileable._index_value = index_value
+
+
+def refresh_dtypes(tileable: ENTITY_TYPE):
+    all_dtypes = [c.dtypes_value.value for c in tileable.chunks if c.index[0] == 0]
+    dtypes = pd.concat(all_dtypes)
+    tileable._dtypes = dtypes
+    columns_values = parse_index(dtypes.index, store_data=True)
+    tileable._columns_value = columns_values
+    tileable._dtypes_value = DtypesValue(key=tokenize(dtypes), value=dtypes)
+
+
+_tileable_key_property = "_tileable_key"
+_tileable_dtypes_property = "_tileable_dtypes"
+_tileable_index_value_property = "_tileable_index_value"
+_tileable_columns_value_property = "_tileable_columns_value"
+_nsplits_property = "_tileable_nsplits"
+_lazy_chunk_meta_properties = (
+    _tileable_key_property,
+    _tileable_dtypes_property,
+    _tileable_index_value_property,
+    _tileable_columns_value_property,
+    _nsplits_property,
+)
+
+
+def _calc_cum_nsplit(nsplit: Tuple[int]) -> List[int]:
+    return [0] + np.cumsum(nsplit).tolist()
+
+
+def calc_cum_nsplits(nsplits: Tuple[Tuple[int]]) -> List[List[int]]:
+    return tuple(_calc_cum_nsplit(nsplit) for nsplit in nsplits)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def _get_cum_nsplit(nsplit: Tuple[int]) -> List[int]:
+    return _calc_cum_nsplit(nsplit)
+
+
+def _calc_axis_slice(nsplit: Tuple[int], index: int) -> slice:
+    if not isinstance(nsplit, tuple):
+        nsplit = tuple(nsplit)
+    cum_nsplit = _get_cum_nsplit(nsplit)
+    return slice(cum_nsplit[index], cum_nsplit[index + 1])
+
+
+def _on_deserialize_index_value(index_value):
+    if index_value is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        getattr(index_value, "value")
+        return index_value
+    except AttributeError:
+        return
+
+
+class _ToPandasMixin(_ExecuteAndFetchMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def to_pandas(self, session=None, **kw):
+        return self._execute_and_fetch(session=session, **kw)
+
+
+class _BatchedFetcher:
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def _iter(self, batch_size=None, session=None, **kw):
+        from .indexing.iloc import iloc
+
+        if batch_size is not None:
+            size = self.shape[0]
+            n_batch = ceildiv(size, batch_size)
+
+            if n_batch > 1:
+                for i in range(n_batch):
+                    batch_data = iloc(self)[batch_size * i : batch_size * (i + 1)]
+                    yield batch_data._fetch(session=session, **kw)
+            else:
+                yield self._fetch(session=session, **kw)
+        else:
+            # if batch_size is not specified, use first batch to estimate
+            # batch_size.
+            default_batch_bytes = 50 * 1024**2
+            first_batch = 1000
+            size = self.shape[0]
+
+            if size >= first_batch:
+                batch_data = iloc(self)[:first_batch]
+                first_batch_data = batch_data._fetch(session=session, **kw)
+                yield first_batch_data
+                data_size = estimate_pandas_size(first_batch_data)
+                batch_size = int(default_batch_bytes / data_size * first_batch)
+                n_batch = ceildiv(size - 1000, batch_size)
+                for i in range(n_batch):
+                    batch_data = iloc(self)[
+                        first_batch
+                        + batch_size * i : first_batch
+                        + batch_size * (i + 1)
+                    ]
+                    yield batch_data._fetch(session=session, **kw)
+            else:
+                yield self._fetch(session=session, **kw)
+
+    def iterbatch(self, batch_size=None, session=None, **kw):
+        # stop triggering execution under build mode
+        if is_build_mode():
+            raise ValueError("Cannot fetch data under build mode")
+
+        # trigger execution
+        self.execute(session=session, **kw)
+        return self._iter(batch_size=batch_size, session=session)
+
+    def fetch(self, session=None, **kw):
+        from .indexing.iloc import DataFrameIlocGetItem, SeriesIlocGetItem
+
+        batch_size = kw.pop("batch_size", None)
+        if isinstance(self.op, (DataFrameIlocGetItem, SeriesIlocGetItem)):
+            # see GH#1871
+            # already iloc, do not trigger batch fetch
+            return self._fetch(session=session, **kw)
+        else:
+            batches = list(self._iter(batch_size=batch_size, session=session, **kw))
+            return pd.concat(batches) if len(batches) > 1 else batches[0]
+
+    def fetch_infos(self, fields=None, session=None, **kw):
+        return self._fetch_infos(fields=fields, session=session, **kw)
+
+
+class IndexData(HasShapeTileableData, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    type_name = "Index"
+
+    # optional field
+    _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+    _name = AnyField("name")
+    _names = AnyField("names")
+    _index_value = ReferenceField(
+        "index_value", IndexValue, on_deserialize=_on_deserialize_index_value
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        op=None,
+        shape=None,
+        nsplits=None,
+        dtype=None,
+        name=None,
+        names=None,
+        index_value=None,
+        **kw,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            _op=op,
+            _shape=shape,
+            _nsplits=nsplits,
+            _dtype=dtype,
+            _name=name,
+            _names=names,
+            _index_value=index_value,
+            **kw,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # params return the properties which useful to rebuild a new tileable object
+        return {
+            "shape": self.shape,
+            "dtype": self.dtype,
+            "name": self.name,
+            "index_value": self.index_value,
+        }
+
+    @params.setter
+    def params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        params = new_params.copy()
+        new_shape = params.pop("shape", None)
+        if new_shape is not None:
+            self._shape = new_shape
+        dtype = params.pop("dtype", None)
+        if dtype is not None:
+            self._dtype = dtype
+        index_value = params.pop("index_value", None)
+        if index_value is not None:
+            self._index_value = index_value
+        name = params.pop("name", None)
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = name
+        if params:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(f"Unknown params: {list(params)}")
+
+    def refresh_params(self):
+        # refresh params when chunks updated
+        refresh_tileable_shape(self)
+        fill_chunk_slices(self)
+        # refresh_index_value(self)
+        # if self._dtype is None:
+        #     self._dtype = self.chunks[0].dtype
+        # if self._name is None:
+        #     self._name = self.chunks[0].name
+
+    def refresh_from_table_meta(self, table_meta: DataFrameTableMeta) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _to_str(self, representation=False):
+        if is_build_mode() or len(self._executed_sessions) == 0:
+            # in build mode, or not executed, just return representation
+            if representation:
+                return f"Index <op={type(self._op).__name__}, key={self.key}"
+            else:
+                return f"Index(op={type(self._op).__name__})"
+        else:
+            data = self.fetch(session=self._executed_sessions[-1])
+            return repr(data) if repr(data) else str(data)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=True)
+
+    def _to_maxframe_tensor(self, dtype=None, order="K", extract_multi_index=False):
+        tensor = self.to_tensor(extract_multi_index=extract_multi_index)
+        dtype = dtype if dtype is not None else tensor.dtype
+        return tensor.astype(dtype=dtype, order=order, copy=False)
+
+    def __maxframe_tensor__(self, dtype=None, order="K"):
+        return self._to_maxframe_tensor(dtype=dtype, order=order)
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        return getattr(self, "_dtype", None) or self.op.dtype
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def names(self):
+        return getattr(self, "_names", None) or [self.name]
+
+    @property
+    def nlevels(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.names)
+
+    @property
+    def index_value(self) -> IndexValue:
+        return self._index_value
+
+    @property
+    def inferred_type(self):
+        return self._index_value.inferred_type
+
+    def to_tensor(self, dtype=None, extract_multi_index=False):
+        from ..tensor.datasource.from_dataframe import from_index
+
+        return from_index(self, dtype=dtype, extract_multi_index=extract_multi_index)
+
+    def to_frame(self, index: bool = True, name=None):
+        from . import dataframe_from_tensor
+
+        if isinstance(self.index_value.value, IndexValue.MultiIndex):
+            old_names = self.index_value.value.names
+
+            if (
+                name is not None
+                and not isinstance(name, Iterable)
+                or isinstance(name, str)
+            ):
+                raise TypeError("'name' must be a list / sequence of column names.")
+
+            name = list(name if name is not None else old_names)
+            if len(name) != len(old_names):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "'name' should have same length as number of levels on index."
+                )
+
+            columns = [
+                old or new or idx for idx, (old, new) in enumerate(zip(old_names, name))
+            ]
+        else:
+            columns = [name or self.name or 0]
+        index_ = self if index else None
+        return dataframe_from_tensor(
+            self._to_maxframe_tensor(extract_multi_index=True),
+            index=index_,
+            columns=columns,
+        )
+
+    def to_series(self, index=None, name=None):
+        from . import series_from_index
+
+        return series_from_index(self, index=index, name=name)
+
+    @property
+    def hasnans(self):
+        return self.isna().any()
+
+
+class Index(HasShapeTileable, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = "_df_or_series", "_parent_key", "_axis"
+    _allow_data_type_ = (IndexData,)
+    type_name = "Index"
+
+    def __new__(cls, data: Union[pd.Index, IndexData] = None, **_):
+        if data is not None and not isinstance(data, pd.Index):
+            # create corresponding Index class
+            # according to type of index_value
+            clz = globals()[type(data.index_value.value).__name__]
+        else:
+            clz = cls
+        return object.__new__(clz)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, item):
+        return IndexType.from_getitem_args(item)
+
+    def __maxframe_tensor__(self, dtype=None, order="K"):
+        return self._data.__maxframe_tensor__(dtype=dtype, order=order)
+
+    def _get_df_or_series(self):
+        obj = getattr(self, "_df_or_series", None)
+        if obj is not None:
+            return obj()
+        return None
+
+    def _set_df_or_series(self, df_or_series, axis):
+        self._df_or_series = weakref.ref(df_or_series)
+        self._parent_key = df_or_series.key
+        self._axis = axis
+
+    @property
+    def T(self):
+        """Return the transpose, which is by definition self."""
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._data.name
+
+    @name.setter
+    def name(self, value):
+        df_or_series = self._get_df_or_series()
+        if df_or_series is not None and df_or_series.key == self._parent_key:
+            df_or_series.rename_axis(value, axis=self._axis, inplace=True)
+            self.data = df_or_series.axes[self._axis].data
+        else:
+            self.rename(value, inplace=True)
+
+    @property
+    def names(self):
+        return self._data.names
+
+    @names.setter
+    def names(self, value):
+        df_or_series = self._get_df_or_series()
+        if df_or_series is not None:
+            df_or_series.rename_axis(value, axis=self._axis, inplace=True)
+            self.data = df_or_series.axes[self._axis].data
+        else:
+            self.rename(value, inplace=True)
+
+    @property
+    def values(self):
+        return self.to_tensor()
+
+    def to_frame(self, index: bool = True, name=None):
+        """
+        Create a DataFrame with a column containing the Index.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        index : bool, default True
+            Set the index of the returned DataFrame as the original Index.
+
+        name : object, default None
+            The passed name should substitute for the index name (if it has
+            one).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        DataFrame
+            DataFrame containing the original Index data.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        Index.to_series : Convert an Index to a Series.
+        Series.to_frame : Convert Series to DataFrame.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> idx = md.Index(['Ant', 'Bear', 'Cow'], name='animal')
+        >>> idx.to_frame().execute()
+               animal
+        animal
+        Ant       Ant
+        Bear     Bear
+        Cow       Cow
+
+        By default, the original Index is reused. To enforce a new Index:
+
+        >>> idx.to_frame(index=False).execute()
+          animal
+        0    Ant
+        1   Bear
+        2    Cow
+
+        To override the name of the resulting column, specify `name`:
+
+        >>> idx.to_frame(index=False, name='zoo').execute()
+            zoo
+        0   Ant
+        1  Bear
+        2   Cow
+        """
+        return self._data.to_frame(index=index, name=name)
+
+    def to_series(self, index=None, name=None):
+        """
+        Create a Series with both index and values equal to the index keys.
+
+        Useful with map for returning an indexer based on an index.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        index : Index, optional
+            Index of resulting Series. If None, defaults to original index.
+        name : str, optional
+            Dame of resulting Series. If None, defaults to name of original
+            index.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Series
+            The dtype will be based on the type of the Index values.
+        """
+        return self._data.to_series(index=index, name=name)
+
+    @property
+    def hasnans(self):
+        """
+        Return True if there are any NaNs.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> idx = md.Index([1, 2, 3, None])
+        >>> idx.execute()
+        Index([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, nan], dtype='float64')
+        >>> idx.hasnans.execute()
+        True
+        """
+        return self._data.hasnans
+
+
+class RangeIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class CategoricalIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class IntervalIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class DatetimeIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class TimedeltaIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class PeriodIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class Int64Index(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class UInt64Index(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class Float64Index(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class MultiIndex(Index):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class BaseSeriesData(HasShapeTileableData, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = "_cache", "_accessors"
+
+    # optional field
+    _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+    _name = AnyField("name")
+    _index_value = ReferenceField(
+        "index_value", IndexValue, on_deserialize=_on_deserialize_index_value
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        op=None,
+        shape=None,
+        nsplits=None,
+        dtype=None,
+        name=None,
+        index_value=None,
+        **kw,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            _op=op,
+            _shape=shape,
+            _nsplits=nsplits,
+            _dtype=dtype,
+            _name=name,
+            _index_value=index_value,
+            **kw,
+        )
+        self._accessors = dict()
+
+    def _get_params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # params return the properties which useful to rebuild a new tileable object
+        return {
+            "shape": self.shape,
+            "dtype": self.dtype,
+            "name": self.name,
+            "index_value": self.index_value,
+        }
+
+    def _set_params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        params = new_params.copy()
+        new_shape = params.pop("shape", None)
+        if new_shape is not None:
+            self._shape = new_shape
+        dtype = params.pop("dtype", None)
+        if dtype is not None:
+            self._dtype = dtype
+        index_value = params.pop("index_value", None)
+        if index_value is not None:
+            self._index_value = index_value
+        name = params.pop("name", None)
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = name
+        if params:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(f"Unknown params: {list(params)}")
+
+    params = property(_get_params, _set_params)
+
+    def refresh_params(self):
+        # refresh params when chunks updated
+        refresh_tileable_shape(self)
+        fill_chunk_slices(self)
+        # refresh_index_value(self)
+        if self._dtype is None:
+            self._dtype = getattr(self.chunks[0], "dtype", None)
+        # if self._name is None:
+        #     self._name = self.chunks[0].name
+
+    def refresh_from_table_meta(self, table_meta: DataFrameTableMeta) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _to_str(self, representation=False):
+        if is_build_mode() or len(self._executed_sessions) == 0:
+            # in build mode, or not executed, just return representation
+            if representation:
+                return (
+                    f"{self.type_name} <op={type(self._op).__name__}, key={self.key}>"
+                )
+            else:
+                return f"{self.type_name}(op={type(self._op).__name__})"
+        else:
+            corner_data = fetch_corner_data(self, session=self._executed_sessions[-1])
+
+            buf = StringIO()
+            max_rows = pd.get_option("display.max_rows")
+            corner_max_rows = (
+                max_rows
+                if self.shape[0] <= max_rows or corner_data.shape[0] == 0
+                else corner_data.shape[0] - 1
+            )  # make sure max_rows < corner_data
+
+            with pd.option_context("display.max_rows", corner_max_rows):
+                if self.shape[0] <= max_rows:
+                    corner_series = corner_data
+                else:
+                    corner_series = ReprSeries(corner_data, self.shape)
+                buf.write(repr(corner_series) if representation else str(corner_series))
+
+            return buf.getvalue()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=True)
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        return getattr(self, "_dtype", None) or getattr(self.op, "dtype", None)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def index_value(self):
+        return self._index_value
+
+    @property
+    def index(self):
+        from .datasource.index import from_tileable
+
+        return from_tileable(self)
+
+    @property
+    def axes(self):
+        return [self.index]
+
+    @property
+    def empty(self):
+        shape = getattr(self, "_shape")
+        if np.any(np.isnan(shape)):
+            raise ValueError("Tileable object must be executed first")
+        return shape == (0,)
+
+    def to_tensor(self, dtype=None):
+        from ..tensor.datasource.from_dataframe import from_series
+
+        return from_series(self, dtype=dtype)
+
+
+class SeriesData(_BatchedFetcher, BaseSeriesData):
+    type_name = "Series"
+
+    def __maxframe_tensor__(self, dtype=None, order="K"):
+        tensor = self.to_tensor()
+        dtype = dtype if dtype is not None else tensor.dtype
+        return tensor.astype(dtype=dtype, order=order, copy=False)
+
+    def iteritems(self, batch_size=10000, session=None):
+        method_name = "iteritems" if _df_with_iteritems else "items"
+        for batch_data in self.iterbatch(batch_size=batch_size, session=session):
+            yield from getattr(batch_data, method_name)()
+
+    items = iteritems
+
+    def to_frame(self, name=None):
+        from . import dataframe_from_tensor
+
+        name = name or self.name or 0
+        return dataframe_from_tensor(self, columns=[name])
+
+    @property
+    def hasnans(self):
+        """
+        Return True if there are any NaNs.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> s = md.Series([1, 2, 3, None])
+        >>> s.execute()
+        0    1.0
+        1    2.0
+        2    3.0
+        3    NaN
+        dtype: float64
+        >>> s.hasnans.execute()
+        True
+        """
+        return self.isna().any()
+
+
+class Series(HasShapeTileable, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ("_cache",)
+    _allow_data_type_ = (SeriesData,)
+    type_name = "Series"
+
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, item):
+        return SeriesType.from_getitem_args(item)
+
+    def to_tensor(self, dtype=None):
+        return self._data.to_tensor(dtype=dtype)
+
+    def from_tensor(self, in_tensor, index=None, name=None):
+        return self._data.from_tensor(in_tensor, index=index, name=name)
+
+    @property
+    def T(self):
+        """Return the transpose, which is by definition self."""
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def ndim(self):
+        """
+        Return an int representing the number of axes / array dimensions.
+
+        Return 1 if Series. Otherwise return 2 if DataFrame.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ndarray.ndim : Number of array dimensions.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> s = md.Series({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
+        >>> s.ndim
+        1
+
+        >>> df = md.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
+        >>> df.ndim
+        2
+        """
+        return super().ndim
+
+    @property
+    def index(self):
+        """
+        The index (axis labels) of the Series.
+        """
+        idx = self._data.index
+        idx._set_df_or_series(self, 0)
+        return idx
+
+    @index.setter
+    def index(self, new_index):
+        self.set_axis(new_index, axis=0, inplace=True)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._data.name
+
+    @name.setter
+    def name(self, val):
+        from .indexing.rename import DataFrameRename
+
+        op = DataFrameRename(new_name=val, output_types=[OutputType.series])
+        new_series = op(self)
+        self.data = new_series.data
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        """
+        Return the dtype object of the underlying data.
+        """
+        return self._data.dtype
+
+    def copy(self, deep=True):  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
+        """
+        Make a copy of this object's indices and data.
+
+        When ``deep=True`` (default), a new object will be created with a
+        copy of the calling object's data and indices. Modifications to
+        the data or indices of the copy will not be reflected in the
+        original object (see notes below).
+
+        When ``deep=False``, a new object will be created without copying
+        the calling object's data or index (only references to the data
+        and index are copied). Any changes to the data of the original
+        will be reflected in the shallow copy (and vice versa).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        deep : bool, default True
+            Make a deep copy, including a copy of the data and the indices.
+            With ``deep=False`` neither the indices nor the data are copied.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        copy : Series or DataFrame
+            Object type matches caller.
+        """
+        if deep:
+            return super().copy()
+        else:
+            return super()._view()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # prevent being called by pandas to make sure `__eq__` works
+        prevent_called_from_pandas()
+        return (tp[1] for tp in self.items())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    def __maxframe_tensor__(self, dtype=None, order="K"):
+        return self._data.__maxframe_tensor__(dtype=dtype, order=order)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """
+        Return alias for index.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Index
+            Index of the Series.
+        """
+        return self.index
+
+    @property
+    def values(self):
+        return self.to_tensor()
+
+    def iteritems(self, batch_size=10000, session=None):
+        """
+        Lazily iterate over (index, value) tuples.
+
+        This method returns an iterable tuple (index, value). This is
+        convenient if you want to create a lazy iterator.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        iterable
+            Iterable of tuples containing the (index, value) pairs from a
+            Series.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        DataFrame.items : Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs.
+        DataFrame.iterrows : Iterate over DataFrame rows as (index, Series) pairs.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> s = md.Series(['A', 'B', 'C'])
+        >>> for index, value in s.items():
+        ...     print(f"Index : {index}, Value : {value}")
+        Index : 0, Value : A
+        Index : 1, Value : B
+        Index : 2, Value : C
+        """
+        return self._data.iteritems(batch_size=batch_size, session=session)
+
+    items = iteritems
+
+    def to_frame(self, name=None):
+        """
+        Convert Series to DataFrame.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        name : object, default None
+            The passed name should substitute for the series name (if it has
+            one).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        DataFrame
+            DataFrame representation of Series.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> s = md.Series(["a", "b", "c"], name="vals")
+        >>> s.to_frame().execute()
+          vals
+        0    a
+        1    b
+        2    c
+        """
+        return self._data.to_frame(name=name)
+
+    # def median(
+    #     self, axis=None, skipna=True, out=None, overwrite_input=False, keepdims=False
+    # ):
+    #     """
+    #     Return the median of the values over the requested axis.
+    #
+    #     Parameters
+    #     ----------
+    #     axis : {index (0)}
+    #         Axis or axes along which the medians are computed. The default
+    #         is to compute the median along a flattened version of the tensor.
+    #         A sequence of axes is supported since version 1.9.0.
+    #     skipna : bool, optional, default True
+    #         Exclude NA/null values when computing the result.
+    #     out : Tensor, default None
+    #         Output tensor in which to place the result. It must
+    #         have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output,
+    #         but the type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    #     overwrite_input : bool, default False
+    #         Just for compatibility with Numpy, would not take effect.
+    #     keepdims : bool, default False
+    #         If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+    #         in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+    #         the result will broadcast correctly against the original `arr`.
+    #
+    #     Returns
+    #     -------
+    #     median : scalar
+    #         Return the median of the values over the requested axis.
+    #
+    #     See Also
+    #     --------
+    #     tensor.mean, tensor.percentile
+    #
+    #     Notes
+    #     -----
+    #     Given a vector ``V`` of length ``N``, the median of ``V`` is the
+    #     middle value of a sorted copy of ``V``, ``V_sorted`` - i
+    #     e., ``V_sorted[(N-1)/2]``, when ``N`` is odd, and the average of the
+    #     two middle values of ``V_sorted`` when ``N`` is even.
+    #
+    #     Examples
+    #     --------
+    #     >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+    #     >>> a = md.Series([10, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1])
+    #     >>> a.median().execute()
+    #     2.0
+    #     >>> mt.median(a).execute()
+    #     3.5
+    #     >>> a = md.Series([10, 7, 4, None, 2, 1])
+    #     >>> a.median().execute()
+    #     4.0
+    #     >>> a.median(skipna=False).execute()
+    #     nan
+    #     """
+    #     if skipna:
+    #         return statistics.median(
+    #             self.dropna(),
+    #             axis=None,
+    #             out=None,
+    #             overwrite_input=False,
+    #             keepdims=False,
+    #         )
+    #     else:
+    #         return statistics.median(
+    #             self, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False, keepdims=False
+    #         )
+
+
+class BaseDataFrameData(HasShapeTileableData, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = "_accessors", "_dtypes_value", "_dtypes_dict"
+
+    # optional fields
+    _dtypes = SeriesField("dtypes")
+    _index_value = ReferenceField(
+        "index_value", IndexValue, on_deserialize=_on_deserialize_index_value
+    )
+    _columns_value = ReferenceField("columns_value", IndexValue)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        op=None,
+        shape=None,
+        nsplits=None,
+        dtypes=None,
+        index_value=None,
+        columns_value=None,
+        **kw,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            _op=op,
+            _shape=shape,
+            _nsplits=nsplits,
+            _dtypes=dtypes,
+            _index_value=index_value,
+            _columns_value=columns_value,
+            **kw,
+        )
+        self._accessors = dict()
+        self._dtypes_value = None
+        self._dtypes_dict = None
+
+    def __on_deserialize__(self):
+        super().__on_deserialize__()
+        self._accessors = dict()
+        self._dtypes_value = None
+        self._dtypes_dict = None
+
+    def _get_params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # params return the properties which useful to rebuild a new tileable object
+        return {
+            "shape": self.shape,
+            "dtypes": self.dtypes,
+            "index_value": self.index_value,
+            "columns_value": getattr(self, "columns_value", None),
+            "dtypes_value": getattr(self, "dtypes_value", None),
+        }
+
+    def _set_params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        params = new_params.copy()
+        new_shape = params.pop("shape", None)
+        if new_shape is not None:
+            self._shape = new_shape
+        index_value = params.pop("index_value", None)
+        if index_value is not None:
+            self._index_value = index_value
+        dtypes = params.pop("dtypes", None)
+        if dtypes is not None:
+            self._dtypes = dtypes
+        columns_value = params.pop("columns_value", None)
+        if columns_value is not None:
+            self._columns_value = columns_value
+        dtypes_value = params.pop("dtypes_value", None)
+        if dtypes_value is not None:
+            if dtypes is None:
+                self._dtypes = dtypes_value.value
+            if columns_value is None:
+                self._columns_value = parse_index(self._dtypes.index, store_data=True)
+            self._dtypes_value = dtypes_value
+        if params:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(f"Unknown params: {list(params)}")
+
+    params = property(_get_params, _set_params)
+
+    def refresh_params(self):
+        # refresh params when chunks updated
+        refresh_tileable_shape(self)
+        fill_chunk_slices(self)
+        # refresh_index_value(self)
+        # refresh_dtypes(self)
+
+    def refresh_from_dtypes(self, dtypes: pd.Series) -> None:
+        self._dtypes = dtypes
+        self._columns_value = parse_index(dtypes.index, store_data=True)
+        self._dtypes_value = DtypesValue(key=tokenize(dtypes), value=dtypes)
+        new_shape = list(self._shape)
+        new_shape[-1] = len(dtypes)
+        self._shape = tuple(new_shape)
+
+    def refresh_from_table_meta(self, table_meta: DataFrameTableMeta) -> None:
+        self.refresh_from_dtypes(table_meta.pd_column_dtypes)
+
+    @property
+    def dtypes(self):
+        dt = getattr(self, "_dtypes", None)
+        if dt is not None:
+            return dt
+        return getattr(self.op, "dtypes", None)
+
+    @property
+    def dtypes_value(self):
+        if self._dtypes_value is not None:
+            return self._dtypes_value
+        # TODO(qinxuye): when creating Dataframe,
+        #  dtypes_value instead of dtypes later must be passed into
+        dtypes = self.dtypes
+        if dtypes is not None:
+            self._dtypes_value = DtypesValue(key=tokenize(dtypes), value=dtypes)
+            return self._dtypes_value
+
+    @property
+    def index_value(self):
+        return self._index_value
+
+    @property
+    def columns_value(self):
+        return self._columns_value
+
+    @property
+    def empty(self):
+        shape = getattr(self, "_shape")
+        if np.any(np.isnan(shape)):
+            raise ValueError("Tileable object must be executed first")
+        return 0 in shape
+
+    def to_tensor(self, dtype=None):
+        from ..tensor.datasource.from_dataframe import from_dataframe
+
+        return from_dataframe(self, dtype=dtype)
+
+    @property
+    def index(self):
+        from .datasource.index import from_tileable
+
+        return from_tileable(self)
+
+    @property
+    def columns(self):
+        from .datasource.index import from_pandas as from_pandas_index
+
+        return from_pandas_index(self.dtypes.index, store_data=True)
+
+    @property
+    def axes(self):
+        return [self.index, self.columns]
+
+    def _get_dtypes_dict(self):
+        if self._dtypes_dict is None:
+            self._dtypes_dict = d = dict()
+            for k, v in self.dtypes.items():
+                try:
+                    obj_list = d[k]
+                except KeyError:
+                    obj_list = d[k] = []
+                obj_list.append(v)
+        return self._dtypes_dict
+
+    def _get_dtypes_by_columns(self, columns: list):
+        dtypes_dict = self._get_dtypes_dict()
+        return functools.reduce(operator.add, (dtypes_dict[c] for c in columns), [])
+
+    def _get_columns_by_columns(self, columns: list):
+        dtypes_dict = self._get_dtypes_dict()
+        return functools.reduce(
+            operator.add, ([c] * len(dtypes_dict[c]) for c in columns), []
+        )
+
+
+class DataFrameData(_BatchedFetcher, BaseDataFrameData):
+    type_name = "DataFrame"
+
+    def _to_str(self, representation=False):
+        if is_build_mode() or len(self._executed_sessions) == 0:
+            # in build mode, or not executed, just return representation
+            if representation:
+                return (
+                    f"{self.type_name} <op={type(self._op).__name__}, key={self.key}>"
+                )
+            else:
+                return f"{self.type_name}(op={type(self._op).__name__})"
+        else:
+            corner_data = fetch_corner_data(self, session=self._executed_sessions[-1])
+
+            buf = StringIO()
+            max_rows = pd.get_option("display.max_rows")
+
+            if self.shape[0] <= max_rows or corner_data.shape[0] == 0:
+                buf.write(repr(corner_data) if representation else str(corner_data))
+            else:
+                # remember we cannot directly call repr(df),
+                # because the [... rows x ... columns] may show wrong rows
+                with pd.option_context(
+                    "display.show_dimensions",
+                    False,
+                    "display.max_rows",
+                    corner_data.shape[0] - 1,
+                ):
+                    if representation:
+                        s = repr(corner_data)
+                    else:
+                        s = str(corner_data)
+                    buf.write(s)
+                if pd.get_option("display.show_dimensions"):
+                    n_rows, n_cols = self.shape
+                    buf.write(f"\n\n[{n_rows} rows x {n_cols} columns]")
+
+            return buf.getvalue()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=True)
+
+    def __maxframe_tensor__(self, dtype=None, order="K"):
+        return self.to_tensor().astype(dtype=dtype, order=order, copy=False)
+
+    def _repr_html_(self):
+        if len(self._executed_sessions) == 0:
+            # not executed before, fall back to normal repr
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        corner_data = fetch_corner_data(self, session=self._executed_sessions[-1])
+        if corner_data is None:
+            return
+
+        buf = StringIO()
+        max_rows = pd.get_option("display.max_rows")
+        if self.shape[0] <= max_rows:
+            buf.write(corner_data._repr_html_())
+        else:
+            with pd.option_context(
+                "display.show_dimensions",
+                False,
+                "display.max_rows",
+                corner_data.shape[0] - 1,
+            ):
+                buf.write(corner_data._repr_html_().rstrip().rstrip("</div>"))
+            if pd.get_option("display.show_dimensions"):
+                n_rows, n_cols = self.shape
+                buf.write(f"<p>{n_rows} rows × {n_cols} columns</p>\n")
+            buf.write("</div>")
+
+        return buf.getvalue()
+
+    def items(self):
+        for col_name in self.dtypes.index:
+            yield col_name, self[col_name]
+
+    iteritems = items
+
+    def iterrows(self, batch_size=1000, session=None):
+        for batch_data in self.iterbatch(batch_size=batch_size, session=session):
+            yield from getattr(batch_data, "iterrows")()
+
+    def itertuples(self, index=True, name="Pandas", batch_size=1000, session=None):
+        for batch_data in self.iterbatch(batch_size=batch_size, session=session):
+            yield from getattr(batch_data, "itertuples")(index=index, name=name)
+
+    def _need_execution(self):
+        if self._dtypes is None:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+class DataFrame(HasShapeTileable, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ("_cache",)
+    _allow_data_type_ = (DataFrameData,)
+    type_name = "DataFrame"
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    def to_tensor(self):
+        return self._data.to_tensor()
+
+    def __maxframe_tensor__(self, dtype=None, order="K"):
+        return self._data.__maxframe_tensor__(dtype=dtype, order=order)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        try:
+            return getattr(self._data, key)
+        except AttributeError:
+            if key in self.dtypes:
+                return self[key]
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        result = list(super().__dir__())
+        return sorted(
+            result
+            + [k for k in self.dtypes.index if isinstance(k, str) and k.isidentifier()]
+        )
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # prevent being called by pandas to make sure `__eq__` works
+        prevent_called_from_pandas()
+        return iter(self.dtypes.index)
+
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, item):
+        return DataFrameType.from_getitem_args(item)
+
+    @property
+    def T(self):
+        return self.transpose()
+
+    @property
+    def ndim(self):
+        """
+        Return an int representing the number of axes / array dimensions.
+
+        Return 1 if Series. Otherwise return 2 if DataFrame.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ndarray.ndim : Number of array dimensions.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> s = md.Series({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
+        >>> s.ndim
+        1
+
+        >>> df = md.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
+        >>> df.ndim
+        2
+        """
+        return super().ndim
+
+    @property
+    def index(self):
+        idx = self._data.index
+        idx._set_df_or_series(self, 0)
+        return idx
+
+    @index.setter
+    def index(self, new_index):
+        self.set_axis(new_index, axis=0, inplace=True)
+
+    @property
+    def columns(self):
+        col = self._data.columns
+        col._set_df_or_series(self, 1)
+        return col
+
+    @columns.setter
+    def columns(self, new_columns):
+        self.set_axis(new_columns, axis=1, inplace=True)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """
+        Get the 'info axis' (see Indexing for more).
+
+        This is index for Series, columns for DataFrame.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Index
+            Info axis.
+        """
+        return self.columns
+
+    @property
+    def values(self):
+        return self.to_tensor()
+
+    @property
+    def dtypes(self):
+        """
+        Return the dtypes in the DataFrame.
+
+        This returns a Series with the data type of each column.
+        The result's index is the original DataFrame's columns. Columns
+        with mixed types are stored with the ``object`` dtype. See
+        :ref:`the User Guide <basics.dtypes>` for more.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        pandas.Series
+            The data type of each column.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> df = md.DataFrame({'float': [1.0],
+        ...                    'int': [1],
+        ...                    'datetime': [md.Timestamp('20180310')],
+        ...                    'string': ['foo']})
+        >>> df.dtypes
+        float              float64
+        int                  int64
+        datetime    datetime64[ns]
+        string              object
+        dtype: object
+        """
+        return self._data.dtypes
+
+    def iterrows(self, batch_size=1000, session=None):
+        """
+        Iterate over DataFrame rows as (index, Series) pairs.
+
+        Yields
+        ------
+        index : label or tuple of label
+            The index of the row. A tuple for a `MultiIndex`.
+        data : Series
+            The data of the row as a Series.
+
+        it : generator
+            A generator that iterates over the rows of the frame.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        DataFrame.itertuples : Iterate over DataFrame rows as namedtuples of the values.
+        DataFrame.items : Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+
+        1. Because ``iterrows`` returns a Series for each row,
+           it does **not** preserve dtypes across the rows (dtypes are
+           preserved across columns for DataFrames). For example,
+
+           >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+           >>> df = md.DataFrame([[1, 1.5]], columns=['int', 'float'])
+           >>> row = next(df.iterrows())[1]
+           >>> row
+           int      1.0
+           float    1.5
+           Name: 0, dtype: float64
+           >>> print(row['int'].dtype)
+           float64
+           >>> print(df['int'].dtype)
+           int64
+
+           To preserve dtypes while iterating over the rows, it is better
+           to use :meth:`itertuples` which returns namedtuples of the values
+           and which is generally faster than ``iterrows``.
+
+        2. You should **never modify** something you are iterating over.
+           This is not guaranteed to work in all cases. Depending on the
+           data types, the iterator returns a copy and not a view, and writing
+           to it will have no effect.
+        """
+        return self._data.iterrows(batch_size=batch_size, session=session)
+
+    def itertuples(self, index=True, name="Pandas", batch_size=1000, session=None):
+        """
+        Iterate over DataFrame rows as namedtuples.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        index : bool, default True
+            If True, return the index as the first element of the tuple.
+        name : str or None, default "Pandas"
+            The name of the returned namedtuples or None to return regular
+            tuples.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        iterator
+            An object to iterate over namedtuples for each row in the
+            DataFrame with the first field possibly being the index and
+            following fields being the column values.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        DataFrame.iterrows : Iterate over DataFrame rows as (index, Series)
+            pairs.
+        DataFrame.items : Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The column names will be renamed to positional names if they are
+        invalid Python identifiers, repeated, or start with an underscore.
+        On python versions < 3.7 regular tuples are returned for DataFrames
+        with a large number of columns (>254).
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> df = md.DataFrame({'num_legs': [4, 2], 'num_wings': [0, 2]},
+        ...                   index=['dog', 'hawk'])
+        >>> df.execute()
+              num_legs  num_wings
+        dog          4          0
+        hawk         2          2
+        >>> for row in df.itertuples():
+        ...     print(row)
+        ...
+        Pandas(Index='dog', num_legs=4, num_wings=0)
+        Pandas(Index='hawk', num_legs=2, num_wings=2)
+
+        By setting the `index` parameter to False we can remove the index
+        as the first element of the tuple:
+
+        >>> for row in df.itertuples(index=False):
+        ...     print(row)
+        ...
+        Pandas(num_legs=4, num_wings=0)
+        Pandas(num_legs=2, num_wings=2)
+
+        With the `name` parameter set we set a custom name for the yielded
+        namedtuples:
+
+        >>> for row in df.itertuples(name='Animal'):
+        ...     print(row)
+        ...
+        Animal(Index='dog', num_legs=4, num_wings=0)
+        Animal(Index='hawk', num_legs=2, num_wings=2)
+        """
+        return self._data.itertuples(
+            batch_size=batch_size, session=session, index=index, name=name
+        )
+
+    def assign(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Assign new columns to a DataFrame.
+        Returns a new object with all original columns in addition to new ones.
+        Existing columns that are re-assigned will be overwritten.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        **kwargs : dict of {str: callable or Series}
+            The column names are keywords. If the values are
+            callable, they are computed on the DataFrame and
+            assigned to the new columns. The callable must not
+            change input DataFrame (though pandas doesn't check it).
+            If the values are not callable, (e.g. a Series, scalar, or array),
+            they are simply assigned.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        DataFrame
+            A new DataFrame with the new columns in addition to
+            all the existing columns.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Assigning multiple columns within the same ``assign`` is possible.
+        Later items in 'kwargs' may refer to newly created or modified
+        columns in 'df'; items are computed and assigned into 'df' in order.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import maxframe.dataframe as md
+        >>> df = md.DataFrame({'temp_c': [17.0, 25.0]},
+        ...                   index=['Portland', 'Berkeley'])
+        >>> df.execute()
+                  temp_c
+        Portland    17.0
+        Berkeley    25.0
+
+        Where the value is a callable, evaluated on `df`:
+
+        >>> df.assign(temp_f=lambda x: x.temp_c * 9 / 5 + 32).execute()
+                  temp_c  temp_f
+        Portland    17.0    62.6
+        Berkeley    25.0    77.0
+
+        Alternatively, the same behavior can be achieved by directly
+        referencing an existing Series or sequence:
+
+        >>> df.assign(temp_f=df['temp_c'] * 9 / 5 + 32).execute()
+                  temp_c  temp_f
+        Portland    17.0    62.6
+        Berkeley    25.0    77.0
+
+        You can create multiple columns within the same assign where one
+        of the columns depends on another one defined within the same assign:
+
+        >>> df.assign(temp_f=lambda x: x['temp_c'] * 9 / 5 + 32,
+        ...           temp_k=lambda x: (x['temp_f'] +  459.67) * 5 / 9).execute()
+                  temp_c  temp_f  temp_k
+        Portland    17.0    62.6  290.15
+        Berkeley    25.0    77.0  298.15
+        """
+
+        data = self.copy()
+
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            data[k] = apply_if_callable(v, data)
+        return data
+
+
+class DataFrameGroupByData(BaseDataFrameData):
+    type_name = "DataFrameGroupBy"
+
+    _key_dtypes = SeriesField("key_dtypes")
+    _selection = AnyField("selection")
+
+    @property
+    def key_dtypes(self):
+        return self._key_dtypes
+
+    @property
+    def selection(self):
+        return self._selection
+
+    def _get_params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        p = super()._get_params()
+        p.update(dict(key_dtypes=self.key_dtypes, selection=self.selection))
+        return p
+
+    def _set_params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        params = new_params.copy()
+        key_dtypes = params.pop("key_dtypes", None)
+        if key_dtypes is not None:
+            self._key_dtypes = key_dtypes
+        selection = params.pop("selection", None)
+        if selection is not None:
+            self._selection = selection
+        super()._set_params(params)
+
+    params = property(_get_params, _set_params)
+
+    def __init__(self, key_dtypes=None, selection=None, **kw):
+        super().__init__(_key_dtypes=key_dtypes, _selection=selection, **kw)
+
+    def _equal(self, o):
+        # FIXME We need to implemented a true `==` operator for DataFrameGroupby
+        if is_build_mode():
+            return self is o
+        else:
+            return self == o
+
+
+class SeriesGroupByData(BaseSeriesData):
+    type_name = "SeriesGroupBy"
+
+    _key_dtypes = AnyField("key_dtypes")
+
+    @property
+    def key_dtypes(self):
+        return self._key_dtypes
+
+    def _get_params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        p = super()._get_params()
+        p["key_dtypes"] = self.key_dtypes
+        return p
+
+    def _set_params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        params = new_params.copy()
+        key_dtypes = params.pop("key_dtypes", None)
+        if key_dtypes is not None:
+            self._key_dtypes = key_dtypes
+        super()._set_params(params)
+
+    params = property(_get_params, _set_params)
+
+    def __init__(self, key_dtypes=None, **kw):
+        super().__init__(_key_dtypes=key_dtypes, **kw)
+
+    def _equal(self, o):
+        # FIXME We need to implemented a true `==` operator for DataFrameGroupby
+        if is_build_mode():
+            return self is o
+        else:
+            return self == o
+
+
+class GroupBy(Tileable, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class DataFrameGroupBy(GroupBy):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _allow_data_type_ = (DataFrameGroupByData,)
+    type_name = "DataFrameGroupBy"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._equal(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        # NB: we have customized __eq__ explicitly, thus we need define __hash__ explicitly as well.
+        return super().__hash__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        try:
+            return super().__getattr__(item)
+        except AttributeError:
+            if item in self.dtypes:
+                return self[item]
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        result = list(super().__dir__())
+        return sorted(
+            result
+            + [k for k in self.dtypes.index if isinstance(k, str) and k.isidentifier()]
+        )
+
+
+class SeriesGroupBy(GroupBy):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _allow_data_type_ = (SeriesGroupByData,)
+    type_name = "SeriesGroupBy"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._equal(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        # NB: we have customized __eq__ explicitly, thus we need define __hash__ explicitly as well.
+        return super().__hash__()
+
+
+class CategoricalData(HasShapeTileableData, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ("_cache",)
+    type_name = "Categorical"
+
+    # optional field
+    _dtype = DataTypeField("dtype")
+    _categories_value = ReferenceField(
+        "categories_value", IndexValue, on_deserialize=_on_deserialize_index_value
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        op=None,
+        shape=None,
+        nsplits=None,
+        dtype=None,
+        categories_value=None,
+        **kw,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            _op=op,
+            _shape=shape,
+            _nsplits=nsplits,
+            _dtype=dtype,
+            _categories_value=categories_value,
+            **kw,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # params return the properties which useful to rebuild a new tileable object
+        return {
+            "shape": self.shape,
+            "dtype": self.dtype,
+            "categories_value": self.categories_value,
+        }
+
+    @params.setter
+    def params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        params = new_params.copy()
+        new_shape = params.pop("shape", None)
+        if new_shape is not None:
+            self._shape = new_shape
+        dtype = params.pop("dtype", None)
+        if dtype is not None:
+            self._dtype = dtype
+        categories_value = params.pop("categories_value", None)
+        if categories_value is not None:
+            self._categories_value = categories_value
+        if params:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(f"Unknown params: {list(params)}")
+
+    def refresh_params(self):
+        # refresh params when chunks updated
+        refresh_tileable_shape(self)
+        fill_chunk_slices(self)
+        if self._dtype is None:
+            self._dtype = self.chunks[0].dtype
+        if self._categories_value is None:
+            categories = []
+            for chunk in self.chunks:
+                categories.extend(chunk.categories_value.to_pandas())
+            self._categories_value = parse_index(
+                pd.Categorical(categories).categories, store_data=True
+            )
+
+    def refresh_from_table_meta(self, table_meta: DataFrameTableMeta) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _to_str(self, representation=False):
+        if is_build_mode() or len(self._executed_sessions) == 0:
+            # in build mode, or not executed, just return representation
+            if representation:
+                return f"{self.type_name} <op={type(self.op).__name__}, key={self.key}>"
+            else:
+                return f"{self.type_name}(op={type(self.op).__name__})"
+        else:
+            data = self.fetch(session=self._executed_sessions[-1])
+            return repr(data) if repr(data) else str(data)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._to_str(representation=True)
+
+    def _equal(self, o):
+        # FIXME We need to implemented a true `==` operator for DataFrameGroupby
+        if is_build_mode():
+            return self is o
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            return self == o
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        return getattr(self, "_dtype", None) or self.op.dtype
+
+    @property
+    def categories_value(self):
+        return self._categories_value
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._equal(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        # NB: we have customized __eq__ explicitly, thus we need define __hash__ explicitly as well.
+        return super().__hash__()
+
+
+class Categorical(HasShapeTileable, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _allow_data_type_ = (CategoricalData,)
+    type_name = "Categorical"
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._equal(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        # NB: we have customized __eq__ explicitly, thus we need define __hash__ explicitly as well.
+        return super().__hash__()
+
+
+class DataFrameOrSeriesData(HasShapeTileableData, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    _data_type = StringField("data_type")
+    _data_params = DictField("data_params")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        op=None,
+        data_type=None,
+        data_params=None,
+        **kw,
+    ):
+        self._data_type = data_type
+        self._data_params = data_params or dict()
+        super().__init__(
+            _op=op,
+            **kw,
+        )
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in self._data_params:
+            return self._data_params[item]
+        raise AttributeError(f"'{type(self)}' object has no attribute '{item}'")
+
+    @property
+    def shape(self):
+        return self._data_params.get("shape", None)
+
+    @property
+    def nsplits(self):
+        return self._data_params.get("nsplits", None)
+
+    @property
+    def data_type(self):
+        return self._data_type
+
+    @property
+    def data_params(self):
+        return self._data_params
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"data_type": self._data_type, "data_params": self._data_params}
+
+    @params.setter
+    def params(self, new_params: Dict[str, Any]):
+        # After execution, create DataFrameFetch, and the data
+        # corresponding to the original key is still DataFrameOrSeries type,
+        # so when restoring DataFrameOrSeries type,
+        # there is no "data_type" field in params.
+        if "data_type" not in new_params:
+            if "dtype" in new_params:
+                self._data_type = "series"
+            else:
+                self._data_type = "dataframe"
+            self._data_params = new_params.copy()
+        else:
+            self._data_type = new_params.get("data_type")
+            self._data_params = {
+                k: v for k, v in new_params.get("data_params", {}).items()
+            }
+
+    def refresh_params(self):
+        index_to_index_values = dict()
+        for chunk in self.chunks:
+            if chunk.ndim == 1:
+                index_to_index_values[chunk.index] = chunk.index_value
+            elif chunk.index[1] == 0:
+                index_to_index_values[chunk.index] = chunk.index_value
+        index_value = merge_index_value(index_to_index_values, store_data=False)
+        nsplits = calc_nsplits({c.index: c.shape for c in self.chunks})
+        shape = tuple(sum(ns) for ns in nsplits)
+
+        data_params = dict()
+        data_params["nsplits"] = nsplits
+        data_params["shape"] = shape
+        data_params["index_value"] = index_value
+
+        self._data_type = self._chunks[0]._data_type
+        if self.data_type == "dataframe":
+            all_dtypes = [c.dtypes_value.value for c in self.chunks if c.index[0] == 0]
+            dtypes = pd.concat(all_dtypes)
+            data_params["dtypes"] = dtypes
+            columns_values = parse_index(dtypes.index, store_data=True)
+            data_params["columns_value"] = columns_values
+            data_params["dtypes_value"] = DtypesValue(
+                key=tokenize(dtypes), value=dtypes
+            )
+        else:
+            data_params["dtype"] = self.chunks[0].dtype
+            data_params["name"] = self.chunks[0].name
+        self._data_params.update(data_params)
+
+    def refresh_from_table_meta(self, table_meta: DataFrameTableMeta) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def ensure_data(self):
+        from .fetch.core import DataFrameFetch
+
+        self.execute()
+        default_sess = get_default_session()
+        self._detach_session(default_sess._session)
+
+        fetch_tileable = default_sess._session._tileable_to_fetch[self]
+        new = DataFrameFetch(
+            output_types=[getattr(OutputType, self.data_type)]
+        ).new_tileable(
+            [],
+            _key=self.key,
+            chunks=fetch_tileable.chunks,
+            nsplits=fetch_tileable.nsplits,
+            **self.data_params,
+        )
+        new._attach_session(default_sess._session)
+        return new
+
+
+class DataFrameOrSeries(HasShapeTileable, _ToPandasMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _allow_data_type_ = (DataFrameOrSeriesData,)
+    type_name = "DataFrameOrSeries"
+
+
+INDEX_TYPE = (Index, IndexData)
+SERIES_TYPE = (Series, SeriesData)
+DATAFRAME_OR_SERIES_TYPE = (DataFrameOrSeries, DataFrameOrSeriesData)
+DATAFRAME_TYPE = (DataFrame, DataFrameData)
+DATAFRAME_GROUPBY_TYPE = (DataFrameGroupBy, DataFrameGroupByData)
+SERIES_GROUPBY_TYPE = (SeriesGroupBy, SeriesGroupByData)
+GROUPBY_TYPE = (GroupBy,) + DATAFRAME_GROUPBY_TYPE + SERIES_GROUPBY_TYPE
+CATEGORICAL_TYPE = (Categorical, CategoricalData)
+TILEABLE_TYPE = (
+    INDEX_TYPE + SERIES_TYPE + DATAFRAME_TYPE + GROUPBY_TYPE + CATEGORICAL_TYPE
+)
+
+register_output_types(OutputType.dataframe, DATAFRAME_TYPE)
+register_output_types(OutputType.series, SERIES_TYPE)
+register_output_types(OutputType.df_or_series, DATAFRAME_OR_SERIES_TYPE)
+register_output_types(OutputType.index, INDEX_TYPE)
+register_output_types(OutputType.categorical, CATEGORICAL_TYPE)
+register_output_types(OutputType.dataframe_groupby, DATAFRAME_GROUPBY_TYPE)
+register_output_types(OutputType.series_groupby, SERIES_GROUPBY_TYPE)