maxframe 2.3.0__cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl

maxframe/dataframe/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1651 @@
+# Copyright 1999-2025 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import dataclasses
+import functools
+import inspect
+import itertools
+import logging
+import operator
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from numbers import Integral
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, List, Optional
+
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas.core.dtypes.inference import is_dict_like, is_list_like
+
+from ..config.validators import dtype_backend_validator
+from ..core import ENTITY_TYPE, Entity, ExecutableTuple, OutputType, get_output_types
+from ..lib.dtypes_extension import ExternalBlobDtype, SolidBlob
+from ..lib.mmh3 import hash as mmh_hash
+from ..udf import MarkedFunction
+from ..utils import (
+    ModulePlaceholder,
+    is_full_slice,
+    lazy_import,
+    make_dtypes,
+    quiet_stdio,
+    sbytes,
+    tokenize,
+    validate_and_adjust_resource_ratio,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import IndexValue
+
+try:
+    import pyarrow as pa
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pa = ModulePlaceholder("pyarrow")
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .operators import DataFrameOperator
+
+cudf = lazy_import("cudf", rename="cudf")
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+try:
+    from ..lib.dtypes_extension import ArrowDtype
+except ImportError:
+    ArrowDtype = None
+
+
+def hash_index(index, size):
+    def func(x, size):
+        return mmh_hash(sbytes(x)) % size
+
+    f = functools.partial(func, size=size)
+    idx_to_grouped = index.groupby(index.map(f))
+    return [idx_to_grouped.get(i, list()) for i in range(size)]
+
+
+def hash_dataframe_on(df, on, size, level=None):
+    if on is None:
+        idx = df.index
+        if level is not None:
+            idx = idx.to_frame(False)[level]
+        if cudf and isinstance(idx, cudf.Index):  # pragma: no cover
+            idx = idx.to_pandas()
+        hashed_label = pd.util.hash_pandas_object(idx, categorize=False)
+    elif callable(on):
+        # todo optimization can be added, if ``on`` is a numpy ufunc or sth can be vectorized
+        hashed_label = pd.util.hash_pandas_object(df.index.map(on), categorize=False)
+    else:
+        if isinstance(on, list):
+            to_concat = []
+            for v in on:
+                if isinstance(v, pd.Series):
+                    to_concat.append(v)
+                else:
+                    to_concat.append(df[v])
+            data = pd.concat(to_concat, axis=1)
+        else:
+            data = df[on]
+        hashed_label = pd.util.hash_pandas_object(data, index=False, categorize=False)
+    idx_to_grouped = pd.RangeIndex(0, len(hashed_label)).groupby(hashed_label % size)
+    return [idx_to_grouped.get(i, pd.Index([])) for i in range(size)]
+
+
+def hash_dtypes(dtypes, size):
+    hashed_indexes = hash_index(dtypes.index, size)
+    return [dtypes[index] for index in hashed_indexes]
+
+
+def sort_dataframe_inplace(df, *axis, **kw):
+    for ax in axis:
+        df.sort_index(axis=ax, inplace=True, **kw)
+    return df
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(1)
+def _get_range_index_type():
+    if cudf is not None:
+        return pd.RangeIndex, cudf.RangeIndex
+    else:
+        return pd.RangeIndex
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(1)
+def _get_multi_index_type():
+    if cudf is not None:
+        return pd.MultiIndex, cudf.MultiIndex
+    else:
+        return pd.MultiIndex
+
+
+def _get_range_index_start(pd_range_index):
+    try:
+        return pd_range_index.start
+    except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return pd_range_index._start
+
+
+def _get_range_index_stop(pd_range_index):
+    try:
+        return pd_range_index.stop
+    except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return pd_range_index._stop
+
+
+def _get_range_index_step(pd_range_index):
+    try:
+        return pd_range_index.step
+    except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    try:  # pragma: no cover
+        return pd_range_index._step
+    except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return 1  # cudf does not support step arg
+
+
+def is_pd_range_empty(pd_range_index):
+    start, stop, step = (
+        _get_range_index_start(pd_range_index),
+        _get_range_index_stop(pd_range_index),
+        _get_range_index_step(pd_range_index),
+    )
+    return (start >= stop and step >= 0) or (start <= stop and step < 0)
+
+
+def parse_index(index_value, *args, store_data=False, key=None):
+    from .core import IndexValue
+
+    def _extract_property(index, tp, ret_data):
+        kw = {
+            "_min_val": _get_index_min(index),
+            "_max_val": _get_index_max(index),
+            "_min_val_close": True,
+            "_max_val_close": True,
+            "_key": key or _tokenize_index(index, *args),
+        }
+        if ret_data:
+            kw["_data"] = index.values
+        for field in tp._FIELDS:
+            if field in kw or field == "_data":
+                continue
+            val = getattr(index, field.lstrip("_"), None)
+            if val is not None:
+                kw[field] = val
+        return kw
+
+    def _tokenize_index(index, *token_objects):
+        if not index.empty:
+            return tokenize(index)
+        else:
+            return tokenize(index, *token_objects)
+
+    def _get_index_min(index):
+        try:
+            return index.min()
+        except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+            if isinstance(index, pd.IntervalIndex):
+                return None
+            raise
+        except TypeError:
+            return None
+
+    def _get_index_max(index):
+        try:
+            return index.max()
+        except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+            if isinstance(index, pd.IntervalIndex):
+                return None
+            raise
+        except TypeError:
+            return None
+
+    def _serialize_index(index):
+        tp = getattr(IndexValue, type(index).__name__)
+        properties = _extract_property(index, tp, store_data)
+        properties["_name"] = index.name
+        return tp(**properties)
+
+    def _serialize_range_index(index):
+        if is_pd_range_empty(index):
+            properties = {
+                "_is_monotonic_increasing": True,
+                "_is_monotonic_decreasing": False,
+                "_is_unique": True,
+                "_min_val": _get_index_min(index),
+                "_max_val": _get_index_max(index),
+                "_min_val_close": True,
+                "_max_val_close": False,
+                "_key": key or _tokenize_index(index, *args),
+                "_name": index.name,
+                "_dtype": index.dtype,
+            }
+        else:
+            properties = _extract_property(index, IndexValue.RangeIndex, False)
+        return IndexValue.RangeIndex(
+            _slice=slice(
+                _get_range_index_start(index),
+                _get_range_index_stop(index),
+                _get_range_index_step(index),
+            ),
+            **properties,
+        )
+
+    def _serialize_multi_index(index):
+        kw = _extract_property(index, IndexValue.MultiIndex, store_data)
+        kw["_sortorder"] = index.sortorder
+        kw["_dtypes"] = [lev.dtype for lev in index.levels]
+        return IndexValue.MultiIndex(**kw)
+
+    if index_value is None:
+        return IndexValue(
+            _index_value=IndexValue.Index(
+                _is_monotonic_increasing=False,
+                _is_monotonic_decreasing=False,
+                _is_unique=False,
+                _min_val=None,
+                _max_val=None,
+                _min_val_close=True,
+                _max_val_close=True,
+                _key=key or tokenize(*args),
+            )
+        )
+    if hasattr(index_value, "to_pandas"):  # pragma: no cover
+        # convert cudf.Index to pandas
+        index_value = index_value.to_pandas()
+
+    if isinstance(index_value, _get_range_index_type()):
+        return IndexValue(_index_value=_serialize_range_index(index_value))
+    elif isinstance(index_value, _get_multi_index_type()):
+        return IndexValue(_index_value=_serialize_multi_index(index_value))
+    else:
+        return IndexValue(_index_value=_serialize_index(index_value))
+
+
+def gen_unknown_index_value(index_value, *args, normalize_range_index=False):
+    """
+    Generate new index value with the same likes of given index_value and args, but without any value.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    index_value
+        Given index value.
+    args
+        Arguments for parse_index.
+    normalize_range_index
+        If normalize range index to normal index.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        New created range index value.
+    """
+    pd_index = index_value.to_pandas()
+    if not normalize_range_index and isinstance(pd_index, pd.RangeIndex):
+        return parse_index(pd.RangeIndex(-1, name=pd_index.name), *args)
+    elif not isinstance(pd_index, pd.MultiIndex):
+        return parse_index(
+            pd.Index([], dtype=pd_index.dtype, name=pd_index.name), *args
+        )
+    else:
+        i = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(
+            [c[:0] for c in pd_index.levels], names=pd_index.names
+        )
+        return parse_index(i, *args)
+
+
+def split_monotonic_index_min_max(
+    left_min_max, left_increase, right_min_max, right_increase
+):
+    """
+    Split the original two min_max into new min_max. Each min_max should be a list
+    in which each item should be a 4-tuple indicates that this chunk's min value,
+    whether the min value is close, the max value, and whether the max value is close.
+    The return value would be a nested list, each item is a list
+    indicates that how this chunk should be split into.
+
+    :param left_min_max: the left min_max
+    :param left_increase: if the original data of left is increased
+    :param right_min_max: the right min_max
+    :param right_increase: if the original data of right is increased
+    :return: nested list in which each item indicates how min_max is split
+
+    >>> left_min_max = [(0, True, 3, True), (4, True, 8, True), (12, True, 18, True),
+    ...                 (20, True, 22, True)]
+    >>> right_min_max = [(2, True, 6, True), (7, True, 9, True), (10, True, 14, True),
+    ...                  (18, True, 19, True)]
+    >>> l, r = split_monotonic_index_min_max(left_min_max, True, right_min_max, True)
+    >>> l
+    [[(0, True, 2, False), (2, True, 3, True)], [(3, False, 4, False), (4, True, 6, True), (6, False, 7, False),
+    (7, True, 8, True)], [(8, False, 9, True), (10, True, 12, False), (12, True, 14, True), (14, False, 18, False),
+    (18, True, 18, True)], [(18, False, 19, True), [20, True, 22, True]]]
+    >>> r
+    [[(0, True, 2, False), (2, True, 3, True), (3, False, 4, False), (4, True, 6, True)],
+    [(6, False, 7, False), (7, True, 8, True), (8, False, 9, True)], [(10, True, 12, False), (12, True, 14, True)],
+    [(14, False, 18, False), (18, True, 18, True), (18, False, 19, True), [20, True, 22, True]]]
+    """
+    left_idx_to_min_max = [[] for _ in left_min_max]
+    right_idx_to_min_max = [[] for _ in right_min_max]
+    left_curr_min_max = list(left_min_max[0])
+    right_curr_min_max = list(right_min_max[0])
+    left_curr_idx = right_curr_idx = 0
+    left_terminate = right_terminate = False
+
+    while not left_terminate or not right_terminate:
+        if left_terminate:
+            left_idx_to_min_max[left_curr_idx].append(tuple(right_curr_min_max))
+            right_idx_to_min_max[right_curr_idx].append(tuple(right_curr_min_max))
+            if right_curr_idx + 1 >= len(right_min_max):
+                right_terminate = True
+            else:
+                right_curr_idx += 1
+                right_curr_min_max = list(right_min_max[right_curr_idx])
+        elif right_terminate:
+            right_idx_to_min_max[right_curr_idx].append(tuple(left_curr_min_max))
+            left_idx_to_min_max[left_curr_idx].append(tuple(left_curr_min_max))
+            if left_curr_idx + 1 >= len(left_min_max):
+                left_terminate = True
+            else:
+                left_curr_idx += 1
+                left_curr_min_max = list(left_min_max[left_curr_idx])
+        elif left_curr_min_max[0] < right_curr_min_max[0]:
+            # left min < right min
+            right_min = [right_curr_min_max[0], not right_curr_min_max[1]]
+            max_val = min(left_curr_min_max[2:], right_min)
+            assert len(max_val) == 2
+            min_max = (
+                left_curr_min_max[0],
+                left_curr_min_max[1],
+                max_val[0],
+                max_val[1],
+            )
+            left_idx_to_min_max[left_curr_idx].append(min_max)
+            right_idx_to_min_max[right_curr_idx].append(min_max)
+            if left_curr_min_max[2:] == max_val:
+                # left max < right min
+                if left_curr_idx + 1 >= len(left_min_max):
+                    left_terminate = True
+                else:
+                    left_curr_idx += 1
+                    left_curr_min_max = list(left_min_max[left_curr_idx])
+            else:
+                # from left min(left min close) to right min(exclude right min close)
+                left_curr_min_max[:2] = right_curr_min_max[:2]
+        elif left_curr_min_max[0] > right_curr_min_max[0]:
+            # left min > right min
+            left_min = [left_curr_min_max[0], not left_curr_min_max[1]]
+            max_val = min(right_curr_min_max[2:], left_min)
+            min_max = (
+                right_curr_min_max[0],
+                right_curr_min_max[1],
+                max_val[0],
+                max_val[1],
+            )
+            left_idx_to_min_max[left_curr_idx].append(min_max)
+            right_idx_to_min_max[right_curr_idx].append(min_max)
+            if right_curr_min_max[2:] == max_val:
+                # right max < left min
+                if right_curr_idx + 1 >= len(right_min_max):
+                    right_terminate = True
+                else:
+                    right_curr_idx += 1
+                    right_curr_min_max = list(right_min_max[right_curr_idx])
+            else:
+                # from left min(left min close) to right min(exclude right min close)
+                right_curr_min_max[:2] = left_curr_min_max[:2]
+        else:
+            # left min == right min
+            max_val = min(left_curr_min_max[2:], right_curr_min_max[2:])
+            assert len(max_val) == 2
+            min_max = (
+                left_curr_min_max[0],
+                left_curr_min_max[1],
+                max_val[0],
+                max_val[1],
+            )
+            left_idx_to_min_max[left_curr_idx].append(min_max)
+            right_idx_to_min_max[right_curr_idx].append(min_max)
+            if max_val == left_curr_min_max[2:]:
+                if left_curr_idx + 1 >= len(left_min_max):
+                    left_terminate = True
+                else:
+                    left_curr_idx += 1
+                    left_curr_min_max = list(left_min_max[left_curr_idx])
+            else:
+                left_curr_min_max[:2] = max_val[0], not max_val[1]
+            if max_val == right_curr_min_max[2:]:
+                if right_curr_idx + 1 >= len(right_min_max):
+                    right_terminate = True
+                else:
+                    right_curr_idx += 1
+                    right_curr_min_max = list(right_min_max[right_curr_idx])
+            else:
+                right_curr_min_max[:2] = max_val[0], not max_val[1]
+
+    if left_increase is False:
+        left_idx_to_min_max = list(reversed(left_idx_to_min_max))
+    if right_increase is False:
+        right_idx_to_min_max = list(reversed(right_idx_to_min_max))
+
+    return left_idx_to_min_max, right_idx_to_min_max
+
+
+def build_split_idx_to_origin_idx(splits, increase=True):
+    # splits' len is equal to the original chunk size on a specified axis,
+    # splits is sth like [[(0, True, 2, True), (2, False, 3, True)]]
+    # which means there is one input chunk, and will be split into 2 out chunks
+    # in this function, we want to build a new dict from the out chunk index to
+    # the original chunk index and the inner position, like {0: (0, 0), 1: (0, 1)}
+    if increase is False:
+        splits = list(reversed(splits))
+    out_idx = itertools.count(0)
+    res = dict()
+    for origin_idx, _ in enumerate(splits):
+        for pos in range(len(splits[origin_idx])):
+            if increase is False:
+                o_idx = len(splits) - origin_idx - 1
+            else:
+                o_idx = origin_idx
+            res[next(out_idx)] = o_idx, pos
+    return res
+
+
+def _generate_value(dtype, fill_value):
+    if ArrowDtype and isinstance(dtype, ArrowDtype):
+        return _generate_value(dtype.pyarrow_dtype, fill_value)
+
+    if isinstance(dtype, pa.ListType):
+        return [_generate_value(dtype.value_type, fill_value)]
+
+    if isinstance(dtype, pa.MapType):
+        return [
+            (
+                _generate_value(dtype.key_type, fill_value),
+                _generate_value(dtype.item_type, fill_value),
+            )
+        ]
+
+    if isinstance(dtype, pa.StructType):
+        result = {}
+        for i in range(dtype.num_fields):
+            field = dtype[i]
+            result[field.name] = _generate_value(field.type, fill_value)
+        return result
+
+    if isinstance(dtype, pa.DataType):
+        return _generate_value(dtype.to_pandas_dtype(), fill_value)
+
+    if isinstance(dtype, ExternalBlobDtype):
+        return SolidBlob(str(fill_value).encode())
+
+    # special handle for datetime64 and timedelta64
+    dispatch = {
+        np.datetime64: pd.Timestamp,
+        np.timedelta64: pd.Timedelta,
+        pd.CategoricalDtype.type: lambda x: pd.CategoricalDtype([x]),
+        # for object, we do not know the actual dtype,
+        # just convert to str for common usage
+        np.object_: lambda x: str(fill_value),
+    }
+    # otherwise, just use dtype.type itself to convert
+    target_dtype = getattr(dtype, "type", dtype)
+    convert = dispatch.get(target_dtype, target_dtype)
+    return convert(fill_value)
+
+
+def build_empty_df(dtypes, index=None):
+    columns = dtypes.index
+    length = len(index) if index is not None else 0
+    record = [[_generate_value(dtype, 1) for dtype in dtypes]] * max(1, length)
+
+    # duplicate column may exist,
+    # so use RangeIndex first
+    df = pd.DataFrame(record, columns=range(len(dtypes)), index=index)
+    for i, dtype in enumerate(dtypes):
+        s = df.iloc[:, i]
+        if not pd.api.types.is_dtype_equal(s.dtype, dtype):
+            df.iloc[:, i] = s.astype(dtype)
+
+    df.columns = columns
+    return df[:length] if len(df) > length else df
+
+
+def build_df(df_obj, fill_value=1, size=1, ensure_string=False):
+    dfs = []
+    if not isinstance(size, (list, tuple)):
+        sizes = [size]
+    else:
+        sizes = size
+
+    if not isinstance(fill_value, (list, tuple)):
+        fill_values = [fill_value]
+    else:
+        fill_values = fill_value
+
+    from .core import INDEX_TYPE, SERIES_TYPE
+
+    dtypes = (
+        pd.Series([df_obj.dtype], index=[df_obj.name])
+        if isinstance(df_obj, (INDEX_TYPE, SERIES_TYPE))
+        else df_obj.dtypes
+    )
+    for size, fill_value in zip(sizes, fill_values):
+        record = [[_generate_value(dtype, fill_value) for dtype in dtypes]] * size
+        df = pd.DataFrame(record)
+        df.columns = dtypes.index
+
+        if len(record) != 0:  # columns is empty in some cases
+            target_index = df_obj.index_value.to_pandas()
+            if isinstance(target_index, pd.MultiIndex):
+                index_val = tuple(
+                    _generate_value(level.dtype, fill_value)
+                    for level in target_index.levels
+                )
+                df.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(
+                    [index_val] * size, names=target_index.names
+                )
+            else:
+                index_val = _generate_value(target_index.dtype, fill_value)
+                df.index = pd.Index([index_val] * size, name=target_index.name)
+
+        # make sure dtypes correct
+        for i, dtype in enumerate(dtypes):
+            s = df.iloc[:, i]
+            if not pd.api.types.is_dtype_equal(s.dtype, dtype):
+                df[df.columns[i]] = s.astype(dtype)
+        dfs.append(df)
+    if len(dfs) == 1:
+        ret_df = dfs[0]
+    else:
+        ret_df = pd.concat(dfs)
+
+    if ensure_string:
+        obj_dtypes = dtypes[dtypes == np.dtype("O")]
+        ret_df[obj_dtypes.index] = ret_df[obj_dtypes.index].radd("O")
+    return ret_df
+
+
+def build_empty_series(dtype, index=None, name=None):
+    length = len(index) if index is not None else 0
+    return pd.Series(
+        [_generate_value(dtype, 1) for _ in range(length)],
+        dtype=dtype,
+        index=index,
+        name=name,
+    )
+
+
+def build_series(
+    series_obj=None,
+    fill_value=1,
+    size=1,
+    name=None,
+    ensure_string=False,
+    dtype=None,
+    index=None,
+):
+    seriess = []
+    if not isinstance(size, (list, tuple)):
+        sizes = [size]
+    else:
+        sizes = size
+
+    if not isinstance(fill_value, (list, tuple)):
+        fill_values = [fill_value]
+    else:
+        fill_values = fill_value
+
+    if series_obj is not None:
+        dtype = series_obj.dtype
+        try:
+            series_index = series_obj.index_value.to_pandas()[:0]
+        except AttributeError:
+            series_index = series_obj.index[:0]
+    else:
+        series_index = index[:0] if index is not None else None
+
+    name = name or getattr(series_obj, "name", None)
+    for size, fill_value in zip(sizes, fill_values):
+        empty_series = build_empty_series(dtype, name=name, index=series_index)
+        record = _generate_value(dtype, fill_value)
+        if isinstance(empty_series.index, pd.MultiIndex):
+            index = tuple(
+                _generate_value(level.dtype, fill_value)
+                for level in empty_series.index.levels
+            )
+            empty_series = empty_series.reindex(
+                index=pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([index], names=empty_series.index.names)
+            )
+            empty_series.iloc[0] = record
+        else:
+            if isinstance(empty_series.index.dtype, pd.CategoricalDtype):
+                index = None
+            else:
+                index = _generate_value(empty_series.index.dtype, fill_value)
+            empty_series.loc[index] = record
+
+        empty_series = pd.concat([empty_series] * size)
+        # make sure dtype correct for MultiIndex
+        empty_series = empty_series.astype(dtype, copy=False)
+        seriess.append(empty_series)
+
+    if len(seriess) == 1:
+        ret_series = seriess[0]
+    else:
+        ret_series = pd.concat(seriess)
+
+    if ensure_string and dtype == np.dtype("O"):
+        ret_series = ret_series.radd("O")
+    return ret_series
+
+
+def infer_index_value(left_index_value, right_index_value, level=None):
+    from .core import IndexValue
+
+    if isinstance(left_index_value.value, IndexValue.RangeIndex) and isinstance(
+        right_index_value.value, IndexValue.RangeIndex
+    ):
+        if left_index_value.value.slice == right_index_value.value.slice:
+            return left_index_value
+        return parse_index(
+            pd.Index([], dtype=np.int64), left_index_value, right_index_value
+        )
+
+    # when left index and right index is identical, and both of them are elements unique,
+    # we can infer that the out index should be identical also
+    if (
+        left_index_value.is_unique
+        and right_index_value.is_unique
+        and left_index_value.key == right_index_value.key
+    ):
+        return left_index_value
+
+    left_index = left_index_value.to_pandas()
+    right_index = right_index_value.to_pandas()
+    out_index = left_index.join(right_index, level=level)[:0]
+    return parse_index(out_index, left_index_value, right_index_value)
+
+
+def indexing_index_value(index_value, indexes, store_data=False, rechunk=False):
+    pd_index = index_value.to_pandas()
+    # when rechunk is True, the output index shall be treated
+    # different from the input one
+    if not rechunk and isinstance(indexes, slice) and is_full_slice(indexes):
+        return index_value
+    elif not index_value.has_value():
+        new_index_value = parse_index(pd_index, indexes, store_data=store_data)
+        new_index_value._index_value._min_val = index_value.min_val
+        new_index_value._index_value._min_val_close = index_value.min_val_close
+        new_index_value._index_value._max_val = index_value.max_val
+        new_index_value._index_value._max_val_close = index_value.max_val_close
+        return new_index_value
+    else:
+        if isinstance(indexes, Integral):
+            return parse_index(pd_index[[indexes]], store_data=store_data)
+        elif isinstance(indexes, Entity):
+            if isinstance(pd_index, pd.RangeIndex):
+                return parse_index(
+                    pd.RangeIndex(-1), indexes, index_value, store_data=False
+                )
+            else:
+                return parse_index(
+                    type(pd_index)([]), indexes, index_value, store_data=False
+                )
+        if isinstance(indexes, tuple):
+            return parse_index(pd_index[list(indexes)], store_data=store_data)
+        else:
+            return parse_index(pd_index[indexes], store_data=store_data)
+
+
+def merge_index_value(to_merge_index_values: dict, store_data: bool = False):
+    """
+    Merge index value according to their chunk index.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    to_merge_index_values : dict
+        index to index_value
+    store_data : bool
+        store data in index_value
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    merged_index_value
+    """
+
+    pd_index = None
+    min_val, min_val_close, max_val, max_val_close = None, None, None, None
+    for _, chunk_index_value in sorted(to_merge_index_values.items()):
+        if pd_index is None:
+            pd_index = chunk_index_value.to_pandas()
+            min_val, min_val_close, max_val, max_val_close = (
+                chunk_index_value.min_val,
+                chunk_index_value.min_val_close,
+                chunk_index_value.max_val,
+                chunk_index_value.max_val_close,
+            )
+        else:
+            cur_pd_index = chunk_index_value.to_pandas()
+            if store_data or (
+                isinstance(pd_index, pd.RangeIndex)
+                and isinstance(cur_pd_index, pd.RangeIndex)
+                and cur_pd_index.step == pd_index.step
+                and cur_pd_index.start == pd_index.stop
+            ):
+                # range index that is continuous
+                pd_index = pd_index.append(cur_pd_index)
+            else:
+                pd_index = pd.Index([], dtype=pd_index.dtype)
+            if chunk_index_value.min_val is not None:
+                try:
+                    if min_val is None or min_val > chunk_index_value.min_val:
+                        min_val = chunk_index_value.min_val
+                        min_val_close = chunk_index_value.min_val_close
+                except TypeError:
+                    # min_value has different types that cannot compare
+                    # just stop compare
+                    continue
+            if chunk_index_value.max_val is not None:
+                if max_val is None or max_val < chunk_index_value.max_val:
+                    max_val = chunk_index_value.max_val
+                    max_val_close = chunk_index_value.max_val_close
+
+    index_value = parse_index(pd_index, store_data=store_data)
+    if not index_value.has_value():
+        index_value._index_value._min_val = min_val
+        index_value._index_value._min_val_close = min_val_close
+        index_value._index_value._max_val = max_val
+        index_value._index_value._max_val_close = max_val_close
+    return index_value
+
+
+def infer_dtypes(left_dtypes, right_dtypes, operator):
+    left = build_empty_df(left_dtypes)
+    right = build_empty_df(right_dtypes)
+    return operator(left, right).dtypes
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(100)
+def infer_dtype(left_dtype, right_dtype, operator):
+    left = build_empty_series(left_dtype)
+    right = build_empty_series(right_dtype)
+    return operator(left, right).dtype
+
+
+def filter_dtypes(dtypes, column_min_max):
+    left_filter = operator.ge if column_min_max[1] else operator.gt
+    left = left_filter(dtypes.index, column_min_max[0])
+    right_filter = operator.le if column_min_max[3] else operator.lt
+    right = right_filter(dtypes.index, column_min_max[2])
+    return dtypes[left & right]
+
+
+def in_range_index(i, pd_range_index):
+    """
+    Check whether the input `i` is within `pd_range_index` which is a pd.RangeIndex.
+    """
+    start, stop, step = (
+        _get_range_index_start(pd_range_index),
+        _get_range_index_stop(pd_range_index),
+        _get_range_index_step(pd_range_index),
+    )
+    if step > 0 and start <= i < stop and (i - start) % step == 0:
+        return True
+    if step < 0 and start >= i > stop and (start - i) % step == 0:
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def wrap_notimplemented_exception(func):
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def validate_axis(axis, tileable=None):
+    if axis == "index":
+        axis = 0
+    elif axis == "columns":
+        axis = 1
+
+    illegal = False
+    try:
+        axis = operator.index(axis)
+        if axis < 0 or (tileable is not None and axis >= tileable.ndim):
+            illegal = True
+    except TypeError:
+        illegal = True
+
+    if illegal:
+        raise ValueError(f"No axis named {axis} for object type {type(tileable)}")
+    return axis
+
+
+def validate_axis_style_args(
+    data, args, kwargs, arg_name, method_name
+):  # pragma: no cover
+    """Argument handler for mixed index, columns / axis functions
+
+    In an attempt to handle both `.method(index, columns)`, and
+    `.method(arg, axis=.)`, we have to do some bad things to argument
+    parsing. This translates all arguments to `{index=., columns=.}` style.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : DataFrame
+    args : tuple
+        All positional arguments from the user
+    kwargs : dict
+        All keyword arguments from the user
+    arg_name, method_name : str
+        Used for better error messages
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    kwargs : dict
+        A dictionary of keyword arguments. Doesn't modify ``kwargs``
+        inplace, so update them with the return value here.
+    """
+    out = {}
+    # Goal: fill 'out' with index/columns-style arguments
+    # like out = {'index': foo, 'columns': bar}
+
+    # Start by validating for consistency
+    axes_names = ["index"] if data.ndim == 1 else ["index", "columns"]
+    if "axis" in kwargs and any(x in kwargs for x in axes_names):
+        msg = "Cannot specify both 'axis' and any of 'index' or 'columns'."
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+
+    # First fill with explicit values provided by the user...
+    if arg_name in kwargs:
+        if args:
+            msg = f"{method_name} got multiple values for argument '{arg_name}'"
+            raise TypeError(msg)
+
+        axis = axes_names[validate_axis(kwargs.get("axis", 0), data)]
+        out[axis] = kwargs[arg_name]
+
+    # More user-provided arguments, now from kwargs
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+        try:
+            ax = axes_names[validate_axis(k, data)]
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            out[ax] = v
+
+    # All user-provided kwargs have been handled now.
+    # Now we supplement with positional arguments, emitting warnings
+    # when there's ambiguity and raising when there's conflicts
+
+    if len(args) == 0:
+        pass  # It's up to the function to decide if this is valid
+    elif len(args) == 1:
+        axis = axes_names[validate_axis(kwargs.get("axis", 0), data)]
+        out[axis] = args[0]
+    elif len(args) == 2:
+        if "axis" in kwargs:
+            # Unambiguously wrong
+            msg = "Cannot specify both 'axis' and any of 'index' or 'columns'"
+            raise TypeError(msg)
+
+        msg = (
+            "Interpreting call\n\t'.{method_name}(a, b)' as "
+            "\n\t'.{method_name}(index=a, columns=b)'.\nUse named "
+            "arguments to remove any ambiguity."
+        )
+        raise TypeError(msg.format(method_name=method_name))
+    else:
+        msg = f"Cannot specify all of '{arg_name}', 'index', 'columns'."
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+    return out
+
+
+def validate_output_types(**kwargs):
+    from ..core import OutputType
+
+    output_type = kwargs.pop("object_type", None) or kwargs.pop("output_type", None)
+    output_types = kwargs.pop("output_types", None) or (
+        [output_type] if output_type is not None else None
+    )
+    return (
+        [
+            getattr(OutputType, v.lower()) if isinstance(v, str) else v
+            for v in output_types
+        ]
+        if output_types
+        else None
+    )
+
+
+def fetch_corner_data(df_or_series, session=None) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """
+    Fetch corner DataFrame or Series for repr usage.
+
+    :param df_or_series: DataFrame or Series
+    :return: corner DataFrame
+    """
+    from .indexing.iloc import iloc
+
+    max_rows = pd.get_option("display.max_rows")
+    try:
+        min_rows = pd.get_option("display.min_rows")
+        min_rows = min(min_rows, max_rows)
+    except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+        # display.min_rows is introduced in pandas 0.25
+        min_rows = max_rows
+
+    index_size = None
+    if (
+        df_or_series.shape[0] > max_rows
+        and df_or_series.shape[0] > min_rows // 2 * 2 + 2
+    ):
+        # for pandas, greater than max_rows
+        # will display min_rows
+        # thus we fetch min_rows + 2 lines
+        index_size = min_rows // 2 + 1
+
+    if index_size is None:
+        return df_or_series._fetch(session=session)
+    else:
+        head = iloc(df_or_series)[:index_size]
+        tail = iloc(df_or_series)[-index_size:]
+        head_data, tail_data = ExecutableTuple([head, tail]).fetch(session=session)
+        xdf = cudf if head.op.is_gpu() else pd
+        return xdf.concat([head_data, tail_data], axis="index")
+
+
+class ReprSeries(pd.Series):
+    def __init__(self, corner_data, real_shape):
+        super().__init__(corner_data)
+        self._real_shape = real_shape
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        # As we only fetch corner data to repr,
+        # the length would be wrong and we have no way to control,
+        # thus we just overwrite the length to show the real one
+        return self._real_shape[0]
+
+
+def filter_dtypes_by_index(dtypes, index):
+    try:
+        new_dtypes = dtypes.loc[index].dropna()
+    except KeyError:
+        dtypes_idx = (
+            dtypes.index.to_frame()
+            .merge(index.to_frame())
+            .set_index(list(range(dtypes.index.nlevels)))
+            .index
+        )
+        new_dtypes = dtypes.loc[dtypes_idx]
+        new_dtypes.index.names = dtypes.index.names
+    return new_dtypes
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def create_sa_connection(con, **kwargs):
+    import sqlalchemy as sa
+    from sqlalchemy.engine import Connection, Engine
+
+    # process con
+    engine = None
+    if isinstance(con, Connection):
+        # connection create by user
+        close = False
+        dispose = False
+    elif isinstance(con, Engine):
+        con = con.connect()
+        close = True
+        dispose = False
+    else:
+        engine = sa.create_engine(con, **kwargs)
+        con = engine.connect()
+        close = True
+        dispose = True
+
+    try:
+        yield con
+    finally:
+        if close:
+            con.close()
+        if dispose:
+            engine.dispose()
+
+
+def to_arrow_dtypes(dtypes):
+    from ..io.odpsio.schema import pandas_dtypes_to_arrow_schema
+
+    arrow_schema = pandas_dtypes_to_arrow_schema(dtypes)
+    new_dtypes = dtypes.copy()
+    for i in range(len(dtypes)):
+        arrow_type = arrow_schema.types[i]
+        dt = dtypes.iloc[i]
+        if isinstance(dt, pd.api.extensions.ExtensionDtype):
+            # make existing extension dtype consistent
+            new_dtypes.iloc[i] = dt
+        elif arrow_type == pa.string():
+            new_dtypes.iloc[i] = pd.StringDtype("pyarrow")
+        else:
+            new_dtypes.iloc[i] = ArrowDtype(arrow_type)
+    return new_dtypes
+
+
+def is_dataframe(x):
+    if cudf is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(x, cudf.DataFrame):
+            return True
+    return isinstance(x, pd.DataFrame)
+
+
+def is_series(x):
+    if cudf is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(x, cudf.Series):
+            return True
+    return isinstance(x, pd.Series)
+
+
+def is_index(x):
+    if cudf is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(x, cudf.Index):
+            return True
+    return isinstance(x, pd.Index)
+
+
+def get_xdf(x):
+    if cudf is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(x, (cudf.DataFrame, cudf.Series, cudf.Index)):
+            return cudf
+    return pd
+
+
+def is_cudf(x):
+    if cudf is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(x, (cudf.DataFrame, cudf.Series, cudf.Index)):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def whether_to_clean_up(op, threshold):
+    func = op.func
+    counted_bytes = 0
+    max_recursion_depth = 2
+
+    from collections import deque
+    from numbers import Number
+
+    BYPASS_CLASSES = (str, bytes, Number, range, bytearray, pd.DataFrame, pd.Series)
+
+    class GetSizeEarlyStopException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def check_exceed_threshold():
+        nonlocal threshold, counted_bytes
+        if counted_bytes >= threshold:
+            raise GetSizeEarlyStopException()
+
+    def getsize(obj_outer):
+        _seen_obj_ids = set()
+
+        def inner_count(obj, recursion_depth):
+            obj_id = id(obj)
+            if obj_id in _seen_obj_ids or recursion_depth > max_recursion_depth:
+                return 0
+            _seen_obj_ids.add(obj_id)
+            recursion_depth += 1
+            size = sys.getsizeof(obj)
+            if isinstance(obj, BYPASS_CLASSES):
+                return size
+            elif isinstance(obj, (tuple, list, set, deque)):
+                size += sum(inner_count(i, recursion_depth) for i in obj)
+            elif hasattr(obj, "items"):
+                size += sum(
+                    inner_count(k, recursion_depth) + inner_count(v, recursion_depth)
+                    for k, v in getattr(obj, "items")()
+                )
+            if hasattr(obj, "__dict__"):
+                size += inner_count(vars(obj), recursion_depth)
+            if hasattr(obj, "__slots__"):
+                size += sum(
+                    inner_count(getattr(obj, s), recursion_depth)
+                    for s in obj.__slots__
+                    if hasattr(obj, s)
+                )
+            return size
+
+        return inner_count(obj_outer, 0)
+
+    try:
+        # Note: In most cases, func is just a function with closure, while chances are that
+        # func is a callable that doesn't have __closure__ attribute.
+        if inspect.isclass(func):
+            pass
+        elif hasattr(func, "__closure__") and func.__closure__ is not None:
+            for cell in func.__closure__:
+                counted_bytes += getsize(cell.cell_contents)
+                check_exceed_threshold()
+        elif callable(func):
+            if hasattr(func, "__dict__"):
+                for k, v in func.__dict__.items():
+                    counted_bytes += sum([getsize(k), getsize(v)])
+                    check_exceed_threshold()
+            if hasattr(func, "__slots__"):
+                for slot in func.__slots__:
+                    counted_bytes += (
+                        getsize(getattr(func, slot)) if hasattr(func, slot) else 0
+                    )
+                    check_exceed_threshold()
+    except GetSizeEarlyStopException:
+        logger.debug("Func needs cleanup.")
+        op.need_clean_up_func = True
+    else:
+        assert op.need_clean_up_func is False
+        logger.debug("Func doesn't need cleanup.")
+
+    return op.need_clean_up_func
+
+
+def concat_on_columns(objs: List) -> Any:
+    xdf = get_xdf(objs[0])
+    # In cudf, concat with axis=1 and ignore_index=False by default behaves opposite to pandas.
+    # Cudf would reset the index when axis=1 and ignore_index=False, which does not match with its document.
+    # Therefore, we deal with this case specially.
+    result = xdf.concat(objs, axis=1)
+    if xdf is cudf:
+        result.index = objs[0].index
+    return result
+
+
+def apply_if_callable(maybe_callable, obj, **kwargs):
+    if callable(maybe_callable):
+        return maybe_callable(obj, **kwargs)
+
+    return maybe_callable
+
+
+def patch_sa_engine_execute():
+    """
+    pandas did not resolve compatibility issue of sqlalchemy 2.0, the issue
+    is https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/40686. We need to patch
+    Engine class in SQLAlchemy, and then our code can work well.
+    """
+    try:
+        from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return
+
+    def execute(self, statement, *multiparams, **params):
+        connection = self.connect()
+        return connection.execute(statement, *multiparams, **params)
+
+    if hasattr(Engine, "execute"):  # pragma: no cover
+        return
+    Engine.execute = execute
+
+
+def bind_func_args_from_pos(func, args_bind_position, *bound_args, **bound_kwargs):
+    """
+    Create a new function with arguments bound from specified position.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : callable
+        Target function to be wrapped.
+    args_bind_position : int
+        Position to start binding arguments (0-based).
+        e.g., n=0 binds from first arg, n=1 binds from second arg.
+    *bound_args : tuple
+        Arguments to be bound from position n.
+    **bound_kwargs : dict
+        Keyword arguments to be bound.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    callable
+        Wrapped function with bound arguments.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> def func(x, y, z=0):
+    ...    return x * y + z
+    >>> f = bind_func_args_from_pos(func, 0, 10)  # bind from second position
+    >>> f(5)  # equals func(5, 10)
+    10
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    TypeError
+        If func is not callable or n is not an integer.
+    ValueError
+        If n is negative or exceeds the number of parameters.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*runtime_args, **runtime_kwargs):
+        try:
+            # Combine arguments
+            all_args = (
+                runtime_args[:args_bind_position]
+                + bound_args
+                + runtime_args[args_bind_position:]
+            )
+            all_kwargs = {**bound_kwargs, **runtime_kwargs}
+
+            return func(*all_args, **all_kwargs)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Enhance error message with context
+            raise type(e)(
+                f"Error calling {func.__name__} with bound arguments: {str(e)}"
+            ) from e
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def pack_func_args(df, funcs, *args, args_bind_position=1, **kwargs) -> Any:
+    """
+    Pack the funcs with args and kwargs to avoid the ambiguity between other
+    positional and keyword arguments. It will process the funcs by the following rule:
+
+    1. If there's no such args and kwargs, return funcs itself.
+
+    2. If the funcs is a dict-like object, it will iterate each key-value pair, pack the
+    value recursively, and return a new dict with the same keys and packed values.
+
+    3. If the funcs is a list-like object, it will iterate each element, pack it
+    recursively, and return a new list with the packed elements.
+
+    4. If the funcs is a str object, it will try to get the attribute df.funcs firstly,
+    if it exists and is a callable, return a partial one with args and kwargs packed in.
+    If it exists but isn't a callable, a ValueError is raised. If it doesn't exist, then
+    try to get the attribute of np.funcs, if it exists and df is acceptable by funcs,
+    return a partial one with args and kwargs packed in, otherwise an AttributeValue is
+    raised. This rule is almost the same with pandas.
+
+    5. Other cases are treated as funcs being a callable, returns the partial one with
+    args and kwargs packed in.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : pandas.DataFrame or pandas.Series
+        The DataFrame or Series object to test the function.
+    funcs : function, str, list-like or dict-like
+        Function to pack. It should have the same type with Dataframe.transform().
+    args_bind_position: int
+        Position to start binding arguments (0-based).
+            e.g., n=0 binds from first arg, n=1 binds from second arg.
+    *args :
+        The positional arguments to func. If funcs contains many functions, each one
+        should be able to accept *args.
+    **kwargs :
+        The keyword arguments to func. If funcs contains many functions, each one
+        should be able to accept **kwargs.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The packed functions having the same structure with funcs.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError :
+        If there's a string but the corresponding function doesn't accept any positional
+        or keyword arguments.
+    AttributeError :
+        If there's a string but no corresponding function is found.
+    """
+    from ..udf import MarkedFunction
+
+    if not args and not kwargs:
+        return funcs
+
+    if is_dict_like(funcs):
+        return {k: pack_func_args(df, v, *args, **kwargs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+
+    if is_list_like(funcs) and not isinstance(funcs, ENTITY_TYPE):
+        return [pack_func_args(df, v, *args, **kwargs) for v in funcs]
+
+    f = get_callable_by_name(df, funcs) if isinstance(funcs, str) else funcs
+
+    if isinstance(f, MarkedFunction):
+        # for marked function, pack the inner function, and reset as mark function
+        packed_func = f.copy()
+        packed_func.func = bind_func_args_from_pos(
+            f.func, args_bind_position, *args, **kwargs
+        )
+    else:
+        packed_func = bind_func_args_from_pos(f, args_bind_position, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    # Callable
+    return packed_func
+
+
+def get_callable_by_name(df: Any, func_name: str) -> Callable:
+    """
+    Get the callable by the func name.
+    It will try to get the attribute df.funcs firstly, if it exists and is a callable,
+    return it. If it exists but isn't a callable, a ValueError is raised. If it doesn't
+    exist, then try to get the attribute of np.funcs, if it exists and df is acceptable
+    by funcs, return a partial one with args and kwargs packed in, otherwise an
+    AttributeValue is raised. This rule is almost the same with pandas.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df: pandas.Series or pandas.Dataframe
+        The receiver of the func name.
+    func_name : str
+        The func name.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The callable instance.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError :
+        If it's not a valid callable.
+    AttributeError :
+        If there's no corresponding function is found.
+    """
+    if hasattr(df, func_name):
+        f = getattr(df, func_name)
+        if callable(f):
+            return f
+        raise ValueError(f"{func_name} is not a callable")
+
+    if hasattr(np, func_name) and hasattr(df, "__array__"):
+        return getattr(np, func_name)
+
+    raise AttributeError(
+        f"'{func_name}' is not a valid function for '{type(df).__name__}' object"
+    )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class InferredDataFrameMeta:
+    output_type: OutputType
+    dtypes: Optional[pd.Series] = None
+    dtype: Optional[Any] = None
+    name: Optional[str] = None
+    index_value: Optional["IndexValue"] = None
+    maybe_agg: bool = False
+    elementwise: bool = False
+
+    def check_absence(self, *args: str) -> None:
+        args_set = set(args)
+        if self.output_type == OutputType.dataframe:
+            args_set.difference_update(["dtype", "name"])
+        else:
+            args_set.difference_update(["dtypes"])
+        absent_args = [arg for arg in sorted(args_set) if getattr(self, arg) is None]
+        if absent_args:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Cannot determine {', '.join(absent_args)} by calculating "
+                "with mock data, please specify it as arguments"
+            )
+
+
+def _get_groupby_input_df(groupby):
+    in_df = groupby
+    while in_df.op.output_types[0] not in (OutputType.dataframe, OutputType.series):
+        in_df = in_df.inputs[0]
+    return in_df
+
+
+def infer_dataframe_return_value(
+    df_obj,
+    func,
+    output_type=None,
+    dtypes=None,
+    dtype=None,
+    name=None,
+    index=None,
+    inherit_index=False,
+    build_kw=None,
+    elementwise=None,
+    skip_infer=False,
+) -> InferredDataFrameMeta:
+    from .core import GROUPBY_TYPE, INDEX_TYPE
+    from .typing_ import get_function_output_meta
+
+    unwrapped_func = func
+    if isinstance(unwrapped_func, MarkedFunction):
+        unwrapped_func = unwrapped_func.func
+    while True:
+        if isinstance(unwrapped_func, functools.partial):
+            unwrapped_func = unwrapped_func.func
+        elif hasattr(unwrapped_func, "__wrapped__"):
+            unwrapped_func = unwrapped_func.__wrapped__
+        else:
+            break
+
+    func_annotation_meta = get_function_output_meta(unwrapped_func, df_obj)
+    func_index_value = None
+    if func_annotation_meta:
+        output_type = output_type or func_annotation_meta.output_type
+        dtypes = dtypes if dtypes is not None else func_annotation_meta.dtypes
+        dtype = dtype if dtype is not None else func_annotation_meta.dtype
+        name = name if name is not None else func_annotation_meta.name
+        func_index_value = func_annotation_meta.index_value
+
+    if skip_infer:
+        if isinstance(index, INDEX_TYPE):
+            ret_index_value = index.index_value
+        elif index is not None:
+            ret_index_value = parse_index(index, df_obj.key)
+        else:
+            ret_index_value = func_index_value
+
+        return InferredDataFrameMeta(
+            output_type=output_type,
+            dtypes=dtypes,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            name=name,
+            index_value=ret_index_value,
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(index, INDEX_TYPE):
+        index = index.index_value
+
+    if elementwise is None:
+        elementwise = isinstance(unwrapped_func, np.ufunc)
+
+    ret_index_value = func_index_value
+    if output_type is not None and (dtypes is not None or dtype is not None):
+        if inherit_index:
+            ret_index_value = df_obj.index_value
+        elif index is not None:
+            ret_index_value = parse_index(index)
+
+        if ret_index_value is not None:
+            return InferredDataFrameMeta(
+                output_type,
+                dtypes,
+                dtype,
+                name,
+                ret_index_value,
+                elementwise=elementwise or False,
+            )
+
+    ret_output_type = None
+    ret_dtypes = dtypes
+    maybe_agg = False
+    build_kw = build_kw or {}
+    obj_key = df_obj.key
+
+    if elementwise:
+        inherit_index = True
+        (ret_output_type,) = get_output_types(df_obj)
+    if index is not None:
+        ret_index_value = parse_index(index)
+
+    if isinstance(df_obj, GROUPBY_TYPE):
+        is_groupby = True
+        empty_df_obj = df_obj.op.build_mock_groupby(**build_kw)
+    else:
+        is_groupby = False
+        empty_df_obj = (
+            build_df(df_obj, **build_kw)
+            if df_obj.ndim == 2
+            else build_series(df_obj, **build_kw)
+        )
+    try:
+        with np.errstate(all="ignore"), quiet_stdio():
+            infer_df_obj = func(empty_df_obj)
+
+        if ret_index_value is None:
+            if (
+                infer_df_obj is None
+                or not hasattr(infer_df_obj, "index")
+                or infer_df_obj.index is None
+            ):
+                ret_index_value = parse_index(pd.RangeIndex(-1))
+            elif (
+                infer_df_obj.index is getattr(empty_df_obj, "index", None)
+                or inherit_index
+            ):
+                ret_index_value = df_obj.index_value
+            else:
+                ret_index_value = parse_index(infer_df_obj.index, obj_key, func)
+
+        if isinstance(infer_df_obj, pd.DataFrame):
+            if output_type is not None and output_type != OutputType.dataframe:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'Cannot infer output_type as "series", '
+                    f'please specify `output_type` as "dataframe"'
+                )
+            ret_output_type = ret_output_type or OutputType.dataframe
+            if ret_dtypes is None:
+                ret_dtypes = infer_df_obj.dtypes
+        else:
+            if output_type is not None and output_type == OutputType.dataframe:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'Cannot infer output_type as "dataframe", '
+                    f'please specify `output_type` as "series"'
+                )
+            ret_output_type = ret_output_type or OutputType.series
+            name = name or getattr(infer_df_obj, "name", None)
+            dtype = dtype or infer_df_obj.dtype
+
+        if is_groupby and len(infer_df_obj) <= 2:
+            # we create mock df with 4 rows, 2 groups
+            # if return df has 2 rows, we assume that
+            # it's an aggregation operation
+            maybe_agg = True
+
+        return InferredDataFrameMeta(
+            ret_output_type,
+            make_dtypes(ret_dtypes),
+            make_dtypes(dtype),
+            name,
+            ret_index_value,
+            maybe_agg,
+            elementwise=elementwise,
+        )
+    except:  # noqa: E722  # nosec
+        logger.info(
+            "Exception raised while inferring meta of function result", exc_info=True
+        )
+        return InferredDataFrameMeta(
+            output_type,
+            make_dtypes(dtypes),
+            make_dtypes(dtype),
+            name,
+            ret_index_value,
+            maybe_agg,
+            elementwise=elementwise,
+        )
+
+
+def copy_func_scheduling_hints(func, op: "DataFrameOperator") -> None:
+    from ..config import options
+
+    expect_engine = None
+    expect_gpu = None
+    default_options = options.function.default_running_options or {}
+
+    if isinstance(func, MarkedFunction):
+        # copy from marked function
+        expect_engine = func.expect_engine
+        expect_resources = func.expect_resources or {}
+        expect_gpu = func.gpu
+
+        # merge default options if not set
+        for key, value in default_options.items():
+            if key not in expect_resources or expect_resources.get(key) is None:
+                expect_resources[key] = value
+    else:
+        # copy from default options
+        expect_resources = default_options
+
+    # Validate and adjust resource ratio constraints on client side
+    expect_resources, _ = validate_and_adjust_resource_ratio(
+        expect_resources,
+        max_memory_cpu_ratio=options.function.allowed_max_memory_cpu_ratio,
+        adjust=True,
+    )
+
+    if expect_engine:
+        op.expect_engine = expect_engine
+    if expect_resources:
+        op.expect_resources = expect_resources
+    if expect_gpu:
+        op.gpu = expect_gpu
+
+
+def make_column_list(col, dtypes_or_columns, level=None):
+    """Returns [col] if col is a column in dtypes"""
+    try:
+        if isinstance(dtypes_or_columns, pd.Series):
+            idx = dtypes_or_columns.index
+        else:
+            idx = dtypes_or_columns
+
+        if level is None:
+            if col in idx:
+                return [col]
+            elif isinstance(col, int):
+                col = [col]
+            if all(c in idx for c in col):
+                return col
+            if all(isinstance(c, int) for c in col):
+                return [idx[c] for c in col]
+            return col
+        else:
+            level_idx = idx.get_level_values(level)
+            if isinstance(col, list):
+                cols = col
+            else:
+                cols = [col]
+            mask = level_idx.isin(cols)
+            if not mask.any():
+                mask = col
+            return idx[mask]
+    except (IndexError, TypeError, ValueError):
+        return col
+
+
+def call_groupby_with_params(df_or_series, groupby_params: dict):
+    params = groupby_params.copy()
+    selection = params.pop("selection", None)
+    res = df_or_series.groupby(**params)
+    if selection:
+        res = res[selection]
+    return res
+
+
+def validate_dtype_backend(value):
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        # compatibility for legacy use_arrow_dtype property
+        value = "pyarrow" if value else "numpy"
+    if not dtype_backend_validator(value):
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dtype_backend: {value}")
+    return value