langfun 0.1.2.dev202509120804__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.2.dev202512040805__py3-none-any.whl

langfun/core/message_test.py

@@ -60,10 +60,19 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertTrue(
         pg.eq(message.UserMessage.from_value('hi'), message.UserMessage('hi'))
     )
+    foo = CustomModality('foo')
     self.assertTrue(
         pg.eq(
-            message.UserMessage.from_value(CustomModality('foo')),
-            message.UserMessage('<<[[object]]>>', object=CustomModality('foo')),
+            message.UserMessage.from_value(foo),
+            message.UserMessage(f'<<[[{foo.id}]]>>', referred_modalities=[foo]),
+        )
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        pg.eq(
+            message.UserMessage.from_value(foo),
+            message.UserMessage(
+                f'<<[[{foo.id}]]>>', referred_modalities={foo.id: foo}
+            ),
         )
     )
     m = message.UserMessage('hi')
@@ -224,76 +233,39 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(str(m), m.text)
 
   def test_get_modality(self):
+    foo = CustomModality('foo')
+    bar = CustomModality('bar')
     m1 = message.UserMessage(
-        'hi, this is a {{img1}} and {{x.img2}}',
-        img1=CustomModality('foo'),
-        x=dict(img2=pg.Ref(CustomModality('bar'))),
+        'hi',
+        referred_modalities={
+            foo.id: foo,
+            bar.id: pg.Ref(bar),
+        },
     )
-    self.assertIs(m1.get_modality('img1'), m1.img1)
-    self.assertIs(m1.get_modality('x.img2'), m1.x.img2)
+    self.assertIs(m1.get_modality(foo.id), foo)
+    self.assertIs(m1.get_modality(bar.id), bar)
     self.assertIsNone(m1.get_modality('video'))
+    self.assertEqual(len(m1.modalities()), 2)
+    self.assertEqual(len(m1.modalities(CustomModality)), 2)
 
-    m2 = message.SystemMessage('class Question:\n  image={{img1}}', source=m1)
-    self.assertIs(m2.get_modality('img1'), m1.img1)
-    # We could get the modality object even it's not directly used by current
-    # message.
-    self.assertIs(m2.get_modality('x.img2'), m1.x.img2)
-    self.assertIsNone(m2.get_modality('video'))
-
-    m3 = message.AIMessage(
-        'This is the {{output_image}} based on {{x.img2}}',
-        output_image=CustomModality('bar'),
-        source=m2,
-    )
-    self.assertIs(m3.get_modality('x.img2'), m1.x.img2)
-    self.assertIs(m3.get_modality('output_image'), m3.output_image)
-    self.assertIsNone(m3.get_modality('video'))
-
-  def test_referred_modalities(self):
-    m1 = message.UserMessage(
-        'hi, this is a <<[[img1]]>> and <<[[x.img2]]>>',
-        img1=CustomModality('foo'),
-        x=dict(img2=CustomModality('bar')),
-    )
-    m2 = message.SystemMessage('class Question:\n  image={{img1}}', source=m1)
-    m3 = message.AIMessage(
-        (
-            'This is the <<[[output_image]]>> based on <<[[x.img2]]>>, '
-            '{{unknown_var}}'
-        ),
-        output_image=CustomModality('bar'),
-        source=m2,
-    )
-    self.assertEqual(
-        m3.referred_modalities(),
-        {
-            'output_image': m3.output_image,
-            'x.img2': m1.x.img2,
-        },
-    )
+    class MyModality(modality.Modality):
+      pass
 
-  def test_text_with_modality_hash(self):
-    m = message.UserMessage(
-        'hi, this is a <<[[img1]]>> and <<[[x.img2]]>>',
-        img1=CustomModality('foo'),
-        x=dict(img2=CustomModality('bar')),
-    )
-    self.assertEqual(
-        m.text_with_modality_hash,
-        (
-            'hi, this is a <<[[img1]]>> and <<[[x.img2]]>>'
-            '<img1>acbd18db</img1><x.img2>37b51d19</x.img2>'
-        )
-    )
+    self.assertEqual(len(m1.modalities(MyModality)), 0)
+    self.assertEqual(len(m1.modalities(lambda x: x.content == 'foo')), 1)
 
   def test_chunking(self):
+    foo = CustomModality('foo')
+    bar = CustomModality('bar')
     m = message.UserMessage(
-        inspect.cleandoc("""
-            Hi, this is <<[[a]]>> and this is {{b}}.
-            <<[[x.c]]>> {{something else
+        inspect.cleandoc(f"""
+            Hi, this is <<[[{foo.id}]]>> and this is {{b}}.
+            <<[[{bar.id}]]>> something else
             """),
-        a=CustomModality('foo'),
-        x=dict(c=CustomModality('bar')),
+        referred_modalities={
+            foo.id: pg.Ref(foo),
+            bar.id: pg.Ref(bar),
+        },
     )
     chunks = m.chunk()
     self.assertTrue(
@@ -301,10 +273,10 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
             chunks,
             [
                 'Hi, this is',
-                CustomModality('foo'),
-                'and this is {{b}}.\n',
-                CustomModality('bar'),
-                '{{something else',
+                foo,
+                'and this is {b}.\n',
+                bar,
+                'something else',
             ],
         )
     )
@@ -312,15 +284,17 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
         pg.eq(
             message.AIMessage.from_chunks(chunks),
             message.AIMessage(
-                inspect.cleandoc("""
-                    Hi, this is <<[[obj0]]>> and this is {{b}}.
-                    <<[[obj1]]>> {{something else
-                    """),
-                obj0=pg.Ref(m.a),
-                obj1=pg.Ref(m.x.c),
+                (
+                    f'Hi, this is <<[[{foo.id}]]>> and this '
+                    f'is {{b}}.\n<<[[{bar.id}]]>> '
+                    'something else'
+                ),
+                referred_modalities=[foo, bar],
             ),
         )
     )
+    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'Unknown modality reference'):
+      message.UserMessage('<<[[abc]]>>').chunk()
 
   def assert_html_content(self, html, expected):
     expected = inspect.cleandoc(expected).strip()
@@ -404,25 +378,26 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
         <details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">what is a &lt;div&gt;</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details>
         """
     )
+    image = CustomModality('bird')
     self.assert_html_content(
         message.UserMessage(
-            'what is this <<[[image]]>>',
+            f'what is this <<[[{image.id}]]>>',
             tags=['lm-input'],
-            image=CustomModality('bird')
+            referred_modalities=[image],
         ).to_html(
             enable_summary_tooltip=False,
             extra_flags=dict(include_message_metadata=False)
         ),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">what is this<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;bird&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div></div></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">what is this<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">custom_modality:abaecf8c<span class="tooltip"></span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;bird&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div></div></div></details>
         """
     )
 
   def test_html_ai_message(self):
     image = CustomModality('foo')
     user_message = message.UserMessage(
-        'What is in this image? <<[[image]]>> this is a test',
-        metadata=dict(image=image),
+        f'What is in this image? <<[[{image.id}]]>> this is a test',
+        referred_modalities=[image],
         source=message.UserMessage('User input'),
         tags=['lm-input']
     )
@@ -438,7 +413,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assert_html_content(
         ai_message.to_html(enable_summary_tooltip=False),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">x<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">1</span></details><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">y<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">2</span></details><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">z<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-name">a<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></div><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div></details></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div></details></div></div></details></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">x<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">1</span></details><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">y<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">2</span></details><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">z<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-name">a<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></div><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div></details></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">custom_modality:acbd18db<span class="tooltip"></span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details>
         """
     )
     self.assert_html_content(
@@ -455,7 +430,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ),
         ),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details open class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">image</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></td><td><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details open class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">custom_modality:acbd18db<span class="tooltip"></span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
         """
     )
     self.assert_html_content(
@@ -472,7 +447,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ),
         ),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">image</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></td><td><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">custom_modality:acbd18db<span class="tooltip"></span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
         """
     )
 
@@ -525,6 +500,12 @@ class MessageConverterTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertIn('test_format2', message.Message.convertible_formats())
     self.assertIn('test_format3', message.Message.convertible_formats())
 
+    self.assertTrue(message.Message.is_convertible(int))
+    self.assertFalse(message.Message.is_convertible(dict))
+    self.assertTrue(message.Message.is_convertible('test_format1'))
+    self.assertTrue(message.Message.is_convertible('test_format2'))
+    self.assertTrue(message.Message.is_convertible('test_format3'))
+    self.assertFalse(message.Message.is_convertible('test_format4'))
     self.assertIn(int, message.Message.convertible_types())
     self.assertIn(tuple, message.Message.convertible_types())
     self.assertEqual(
@@ -565,6 +546,9 @@ class MessageConverterTest(unittest.TestCase):
         message.Message.from_value((1, 2, 3)),
         message.UserMessage('1,2,3')
     )
+    message.MessageConverter._REGISTRY.unregister(TestConverter)
+    message.MessageConverter._REGISTRY.unregister(TestConverter2)
+    message.MessageConverter._REGISTRY.unregister(TestConverter3)
 
   def test_get_role(self):
     self.assertEqual(

langfun/core/modalities/__init__.py

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ from langfun.core.modalities.image import Image
 from langfun.core.modalities.pdf import PDF
 from langfun.core.modalities.video import Video
 
+from langfun.core import message as _message_lib
+
+# Override the `images`, `videos` and `audios` properties of `Message` to
+# return the modalities of the corresponding types.
+_message_lib.Message.images = property(lambda self: self.modalities(Image))
+_message_lib.Message.videos = property(lambda self: self.modalities(Video))
+_message_lib.Message.audios = property(lambda self: self.modalities(Audio))
+
 # pylint: enable=g-import-not-at-top
 # pylint: enable=g-bad-import-order
 # pylint: enable=g-importing-member

langfun/core/modalities/audio.py

@@ -18,7 +18,27 @@ from langfun.core.modalities import mime
 
 
 class Audio(mime.Mime):
-  """Audio."""
+  """Represents audio for communicating with language models.
+
+  `lf.Audio` can be initialized from a URI (HTTP/HTTPS URL or local path)
+  using `lf.Audio.from_uri()` or from raw bytes using `lf.Audio.from_bytes()`.
+
+  **Example:**
+
+  ```python
+  import langfun as lf
+
+  # Load audio from path
+  audio = lf.Audio.from_path('/path/to/audio.mp3')
+
+  # Use audio in a prompt
+  prompt = lf.Template(
+      'What is being said in this audio? {{audio}}', audio=audio
+  )
+  response = lf.query(prompt, lm=lf.llms.Gemini25Flash())
+  print(response)
+  ```
+  """
 
   MIME_PREFIX = 'audio'
 

langfun/core/modalities/image.py

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 import functools
 import io
-from typing import Any
+import os
+from typing import Any, Iterable
 
 from langfun.core.modalities import mime
 
@@ -33,7 +34,25 @@ except ImportError:
 
 
 class Image(mime.Mime):
-  """Image."""
+  """Represents an image for communicating with language models.
+
+  `lf.Image` can be initialized from a URI (HTTP/HTTPS URL or local path)
+  using `lf.Image.from_uri()` or from raw bytes using `lf.Image.from_bytes()`.
+
+  **Example:**
+
+  ```python
+  import langfun as lf
+
+  # Load image from path
+  image = lf.Image.from_path('/path/to/image.png')
+
+  # Use image in a prompt
+  prompt = lf.Template('Describe this image: {{image}}', image=image)
+  response = lf.query(prompt, lm=lf.llms.Gemini25Flash())
+  print(response)
+  ```
+  """
 
   MIME_PREFIX = 'image'
 
@@ -53,8 +72,59 @@ class Image(mime.Mime):
   def to_pil_image(self) -> PILImage:   # pytype: disable=invalid-annotation
     return pil_open(io.BytesIO(self.to_bytes()))
 
+  def _is_compatible(self, mime_types: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
+    """Returns True if this image is compatible with any of the MIME types."""
+    mime_types = set(mime_types)
+    if self.mime_type in mime_types:
+      return True
+    if self.mime_type == 'image/gif':
+      return bool(mime_types & {'image/png', 'image/jpeg', 'image/webp'})
+    return False
+
+  def _make_compatible(self, mime_types: Iterable[str]) -> 'Image':
+    """Converts this image to a compatible format if needed."""
+    mime_types = set(mime_types)
+    if self.mime_type in mime_types:
+      return self
+    if self.mime_type == 'image/gif':
+      # Convert to first supported format
+      for target_format, pil_format in [
+          ('image/png', 'PNG'),
+          ('image/jpeg', 'JPEG'),
+          ('image/webp', 'WEBP'),
+      ]:
+        if target_format in mime_types:
+          return self._convert_to_format(pil_format)
+    return self
+
+  def _convert_to_format(self, pil_format: str) -> 'Image':
+    """Converts this image to the specified PIL format."""
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    img = self.to_pil_image()
+    # JPEG doesn't support transparency, convert RGBA to RGB
+    if pil_format == 'JPEG' and img.mode in ('RGBA', 'P'):
+      img = img.convert('RGB')
+    try:
+      img.save(buf, format=pil_format)
+    except OSError:
+      cwd = os.getcwd()
+      try:
+        os.chdir('/tmp')
+        img.save(buf, format=pil_format)
+      finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+    return self.from_bytes(buf.getvalue())
+
   @classmethod
   def from_pil_image(cls, img: PILImage) -> 'Image':  # pytype: disable=invalid-annotation
     buf = io.BytesIO()
-    img.save(buf, format='PNG')
+    try:
+      img.save(buf, format='PNG')
+    except OSError:
+      cwd = os.getcwd()
+      try:
+        os.chdir('/tmp')
+        img.save(buf, format='PNG')
+      finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
     return cls.from_bytes(buf.getvalue())