iris-pex-embedded-python 2.3.16__py3-none-any.whl → 2.3.18__py3-none-any.whl

intersystems_iris/dbapi/preparser/_PreParser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1671 @@
+import re
+import functools
+import enum
+import intersystems_iris._IRISList
+import intersystems_iris.dbapi._DBAPI
+import intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter
+import intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token
+import intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._TokenList
+import intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Scanner
+from intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter import ParameterMode
+from intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token import TOKEN
+from intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Scanner import ParseToken
+
+class MultiValuesInsert(Exception):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: object, query: str, rows: int, params=None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args)
+        self.query = query
+        self.rows = rows
+        self.params = params
+    
+
+# May want to move to its own file eventually
+# SQL Statement Types
+class StatementType(enum.IntEnum):
+    UPDATE = 0
+    QUERY = 1
+    CALL = 2
+    SYNC_COMMIT = 3
+    ASYNC_COMMIT = 4
+    STREAMS_OFF = 5
+    STREAMS_ON = 6
+    CALLWITHRESULT = 7
+    DDL_ALTER_DROP = 8
+    DDL_OTHER = 9
+    DIRECT_CALL_QUERY = 10
+    DIRECT_CALL_UPDATE = 11
+    PREPARED_CALL_QUERY = 12
+    PREPARED_CALL_UPDATE = 13
+    SQL_DIALECT = 14
+    STMT_USE = 15
+
+class PreParseResult(object):
+    '''
+    A simple structure, returned by _PreParser.PreParse(), containing the parsed statement and statement type
+'''
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.sResult = ""
+        self.p_eStmtType = None
+
+class _PreParser(object):
+    """
+    This is the interface to the SQL PreParser. A string of SQL and a list of parameters ( bound parameters or empty ) is input.
+    The processed string is returned along with a count of parameters found and a classfication of the statement type
+"""
+    #  Class properties
+    #  Table for keyword lookups (used when tokenizing the statement)
+    s_KeywordTable = {}
+    s_KeywordTable["AND"] = TOKEN.OP
+    s_KeywordTable["BETWEEN"] = TOKEN.OP
+    s_KeywordTable["CHAR"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["CHARACTER"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["DEC"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["DECIMAL"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["FLOAT"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["IS"] = TOKEN.IS
+    s_KeywordTable["LIKE"] = TOKEN.OP
+    s_KeywordTable["LONGVARBINARY"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["LONGVARCHAR"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["NCHAR"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["NOT["] = TOKEN.OP
+    s_KeywordTable["NOT"] = TOKEN.NOT
+    s_KeywordTable["NULL"] = TOKEN.NULL
+    s_KeywordTable["NUMBER"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["NUMERIC"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["NVARCHAR"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["RAW"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["STARTSWITH"] = TOKEN.OP
+    s_KeywordTable["THEN"] = TOKEN.THEN
+    s_KeywordTable["ELSE"] = TOKEN.ELSE
+    s_KeywordTable["VARBINARY"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["VARCHAR"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["VARCHAR2"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["VARYING"] = TOKEN.DATATYPE
+    s_KeywordTable["_"] = TOKEN.NOT
+    s_KeywordTable["%SQLUPPER"] = TOKEN.STRFUNCTION
+    s_KeywordTable["%STRING"] = TOKEN.STRFUNCTION
+    s_KeywordTable["%SQLSTRING"] = TOKEN.STRFUNCTION
+    s_KeywordTable["%TRUNCATE"] = TOKEN.STRFUNCTION
+    s_KeywordTable["TRUNCATE"] = TOKEN.STRFUNCTION
+
+    #  Table for statement type lookups
+    s_StatementTable = {}
+    s_StatementTable["ALTER"] = StatementType.DDL_ALTER_DROP
+    s_StatementTable["CREATE"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["DROP"] = StatementType.DDL_ALTER_DROP
+    s_StatementTable["GRANT"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["REVOKE"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["%CHECKPRIV"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["TRAIN"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["VALIDATE"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["TUNE"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+    s_StatementTable["VALIDATE"] = StatementType.DDL_OTHER
+
+    s_StatementTable["USE"] = StatementType.STMT_USE
+    s_StatementTable["EXPLAIN"] = StatementType.CALLWITHRESULT
+
+    #  Table for common statement type lookups (SELECT,DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT)
+    s_ParsedStatements = {}
+    s_ParsedStatements["SELECT"] = StatementType.QUERY
+    s_ParsedStatements["INSERT"] = StatementType.UPDATE
+    s_ParsedStatements["DELETE"] = StatementType.UPDATE
+    s_ParsedStatements["UPDATE"] = StatementType.UPDATE
+    
+    #  Table for statements to cache, beyond those in s_ParsedStatements
+    #  TODO: change this to be a set
+    #  Since the server now tells us whether to cache, this may be superfluous
+    s_TransactionStatements = {}
+    s_TransactionStatements["COMMIT"] = True
+    s_TransactionStatements["ROLLBACK"] = True
+    s_TransactionStatements["START"] = True
+    s_TransactionStatements["%INTRANSACTION"] = True
+    s_TransactionStatements["%INTRANS"] = True
+    s_TransactionStatements["%BEGTRANS"] = True
+
+    #  keywords for replacing parameters
+    s_replaceparm = " SELECT TOP WHERE ON AND OR NOT BETWEEN %STARTSWITH LIKE CASE WHEN ELSE THEN"
+
+    # keywords that should be output all upper case after preparsing
+    s_ReservedKeywords = set()
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%AFTERHAVING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ALLINDEX")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ALPHAUP")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ALTER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%BEGTRANS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%CHECKPRIV")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%CLASSNAME")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%CLASSPARAMETER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%DBUGFULL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%DELDATA")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%DESCRIPTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%EXACT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%EXTERNAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%FILE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%FIRSTTABLE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%FLATTEN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%FOREACH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%FULL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ID")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%IDADDED")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%IGNOREINDEX")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%IGNOREINDICES")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%INLIST")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%INORDER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%INTERNAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%INTEXT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%INTRANS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%INTRANSACTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%KEY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%MATCHES")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%MCODE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%MERGE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%MINUS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%MVR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOCHECK")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NODELDATA")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOFLATTEN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOFPLAN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOINDEX")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOLOCK")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOMERGE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOPARALLEL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOREDUCE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NORUNTIME")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOSVSO")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOTOPOPT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOTRIGGER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NOUNIONOROPT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%NUMROWS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ODBCIN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ODBCOUT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%PARALLEL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%PLUS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%PROFILE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%PROFILE_ALL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%PUBLICROWID")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ROUTINE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%ROWCOUNT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%RUNTIMEIN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%RUNTIMEOUT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%STARTSWITH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%STARTTABLE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%SQLSTRING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%SQLUPPER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%STRING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%TABLENAME")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%TRUNCATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%UPPER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%VALUE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("%VID")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ABSOLUTE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ADD")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ALL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ALLOCATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ALTER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("AND")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ANY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ARE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("AS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ASC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ASSERTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("AT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("AUTHORIZATION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("AVG")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("BEGIN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("BETWEEN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("BIT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("BIT_LENGTH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("BOTH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("BY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CASCADE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CASE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CAST")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CHAR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CHARACTER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CHARACTER_LENGTH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CHAR_LENGTH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CHECK")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CLOSE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("COALESCE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("COLLATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("COMMIT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CONNECT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CONNECTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CONSTRAINT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CONSTRAINTS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CONTINUE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CONVERT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CORRESPONDING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("COUNT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CREATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CROSS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CURRENT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CURRENT_DATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CURRENT_TIME")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CURRENT_USER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("CURSOR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DEALLOCATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DEC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DECIMAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DECLARE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DEFAULT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DEFERRABLE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DEFERRED")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DELETE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DESC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DESCRIBE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DESCRIPTOR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DIAGNOSTICS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DISCONNECT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DISTINCT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DOMAIN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DOUBLE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("DROP")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ELSE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("END")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ENDEXEC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ESCAPE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXCEPT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXCEPTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXEC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXECUTE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXISTS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXTERNAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("EXTRACT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FALSE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FETCH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FIRST")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FLOAT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FOR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FOREIGN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FOUND")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FROM")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("FULL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("GET")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("GLOBAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("GO")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("GOTO")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("GRANT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("GROUP")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("HAVING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("HOUR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("IDENTITY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("IMMEDIATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("IN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INDICATOR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INITIALLY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INNER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INPUT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INSENSITIVE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INSERT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INTEGER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INTERSECT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INTERVAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("INTO")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("IS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ISOLATION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("JOIN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LANGUAGE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LAST")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LEADING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LEFT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LEVEL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LIKE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LOCAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("LOWER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("MATCH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("MAX")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("MIN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("MINUTE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("MODULE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NAMES")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NATIONAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NATURAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NCHAR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NEXT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NO")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NOT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NULL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NULLIF")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("NUMERIC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OCTET_LENGTH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OF")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ON")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ONLY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OPEN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OPTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OUTER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OUTPUT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("OVERLAPS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PAD")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PARTIAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PREPARE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PRESERVE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PRIMARY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PRIOR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PRIVILEGES")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PROCEDURE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("PUBLIC")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("READ")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("REAL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("REFERENCES")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("RELATIVE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("RESTRICT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("REVOKE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("RIGHT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ROLE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ROLLBACK")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("ROWS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SCHEMA")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SCROLL")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SECOND")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SECTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SELECT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SESSION_USER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SET")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SHARD")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SMALLINT")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SOME")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SPACE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SQLERROR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SQLSTATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("STATISTICS")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SUBSTRING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SUM")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SYSDATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("SYSTEM_USER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TABLE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TEMPORARY")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("THEN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TIME")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TIMEZONE_HOUR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TIMEZONE_MINUTE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TO")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TOP")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TRAILING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TRANSACTION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TRIM")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("TRUE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("UNION")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("UNIQUE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("UPDATE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("UPPER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("USER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("USING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("VALUES")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("VARCHAR")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("VARYING")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("WHEN")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("WHENEVER")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("WHERE")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("WITH")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("WORK")
+    s_ReservedKeywords.add("WRITE")
+
+    #  Supported SQL Dialects
+    SQL_DIALECT_DEFAULT = 0
+    SQL_DIALECT_MSSQL = 1
+    SQL_DIALECT_SYBASE = 2
+
+    # methods    
+    def CacheOnServerGet(self):
+        return self.m_CacheOnServer
+
+    def CacheOnServerSet(self, b):
+        b = bool(b)
+
+        self.m_CacheOnServer = b
+
+    def ParamInfoGet(self):
+        return self.m_ParamInfo
+
+    def ParamInfoSet(self, s):
+        if not isinstance(type(s), intersystems_iris._ListWriter._ListWriter):
+            raise TypeError("s must be a _ListWriter")
+
+        self.m_ParamInfo = s
+
+    # Build a PreParser
+    def __init__(self, p_bDelimitedIdentifiers = False, addRID = 0, embedded = False):
+        p_bDelimitedIdentifiers = bool(p_bDelimitedIdentifiers)
+        try:
+            addRID = int(addRID)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise TypeError("addRID must be an interger")
+
+        self.m_addRowID = addRID
+        self.m_ExecParamCount = 0
+        self.m_ParamInfo = intersystems_iris._IRISList._IRISList()
+    
+        #  flags for delimited identifier use
+        self.m_bDelimitedIdentifiers = p_bDelimitedIdentifiers
+        self.m_bBracketSubstitution = False
+
+        #  flag for when statements are cached on the server
+        #  potentially irrelevant now because server tells us directly whether it cached the statement
+        self.CacheOnServerSet(False)
+        
+        #  List for tokenizer
+        self.m_Tokens = None
+
+        #  The source scanner
+        self.m_Scanner = None
+
+        #  flag for when Named Parameters are used
+        self.hasNamedParameters = False
+
+        # use to pass UndefinedCount value from methods
+        self.m_nUndefinedCount = 0
+        
+        self.embedded = embedded
+
+    #  Preparse an SQL string returning output statement, parameters, parameter count and statement type
+    def PreParse(self, query, p_Parameters):
+        
+        t_query = query
+        while True:
+            #  First tokenize the input
+            self.Tokenize(t_query)
+            #  Convert WITH Clause, can be recursive
+            found_with, t_query = self.With(t_query)
+            if not found_with:
+                break
+        
+        found_insert, t_query = self.InsertMultiValues(t_query)
+        if found_insert:
+            self.Tokenize(t_query)
+
+        #  Resolve the tokens and determine output
+        return self.Resolve(t_query, p_Parameters)
+
+    def With(self, query):
+        try:
+            found = False
+            new_query = ''
+            with_statements = {}
+
+            def _query(find_end_paren=True):
+                sub_query = ''
+                open_parens = 0
+                while tokens.MoveNext():
+                    token = tokens.Current()
+
+                    if token.TokenType is TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                        open_parens += 1
+                    elif token.TokenType is TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                        open_parens -= 1
+                    
+                    sub_query += token.Lexeme
+                    sub_query += ' '
+
+                    if token.TokenType is TOKEN.ID and (token.UpperEquals('FROM') or token.UpperEquals('JOIN')):
+                        assert tokens.MoveNext() and tokens.Current().TokenType is TOKEN.ID
+                        table_name = tokens.Current().Lexeme
+                        table_name_upper = tokens.Current().UpperLexeme
+                        if table_name_upper in with_statements:
+                            sub_query += with_statements[table_name_upper]
+                            sub_query += ' AS '
+                        sub_query += table_name
+                        sub_query += ' '
+
+                    if find_end_paren and open_parens == 0:
+                        break
+                return sub_query
+
+            tokens = self.m_Tokens.GetEnumerator()
+            while tokens.MoveNext():
+                token = tokens.Current()
+
+                if token.TokenType is TOKEN.ID and token.UpperEquals("WITH"):
+                    found = True
+                    break
+                else:
+                    new_query += token.Lexeme
+                    new_query += ' '
+
+            if not found:
+                return False, query
+
+            while True:
+                assert tokens.MoveNext() and tokens.Current().TokenType is TOKEN.ID
+                with_name = tokens.Current().UpperLexeme
+                assert tokens.MoveNext() and tokens.Current().TokenType is TOKEN.ID and tokens.Current().UpperContains('AS')
+                assert tokens.MoveNext() and tokens.Current().TokenType is TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN
+                
+                tokens.MovePrevious()
+                with_statements[with_name] = _query()
+                
+                if not tokens.MoveNext() or tokens.Current().TokenType is not TOKEN.COMMA:
+                    tokens.MovePrevious()
+                    break
+            
+            assert tokens.MoveNext()
+            tokens.MovePrevious()
+            new_query += _query(False)
+            
+            return found, new_query
+        except:
+            return False, query
+        
+    def InsertMultiValues(self, query):
+        new_query = ''
+        values_list = []
+
+        tokens = self.m_Tokens.GetEnumerator()
+        while tokens.MoveNext() and not tokens.Current().UpperEquals("INSERT"):
+            new_query += tokens.Current().Lexeme + ' '
+        if not tokens.MoveNext() or not tokens.Current().UpperEquals("INTO"):
+            return False, query
+        new_query += 'INSERT INTO '
+        while tokens.MoveNext() and not tokens.Current().UpperEquals("VALUES"):
+            new_query += tokens.Current().Lexeme + ' '
+
+        values = ''
+        params = []
+        while tokens.MoveNext():
+            assert tokens.Current().TokenType is TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN
+            open_parens = 1
+            while tokens.MoveNext() or open_parens > 0:
+                token = tokens.Current()
+                if token.TokenType is TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                    open_parens += 1
+                elif token.TokenType is TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                    open_parens -= 1
+                if open_parens == 0:
+                    break
+                if token.TokenType is TOKEN.CONSTANT:
+                    values += '?'
+                    params += [token.Lexeme] 
+                else:    
+                    values += token.Lexeme
+                values += ' '
+            values_list.append(values)
+            values = ''
+            if not tokens.MoveNext() or tokens.Current().TokenType is not TOKEN.COMMA:
+                break
+        
+        if len(values_list) <= 1:
+            return False, query
+
+        new_query += f" VALUES ({values_list[0]})"
+        raise MultiValuesInsert(query=new_query, rows=len(values_list), params=params)
+
+    #  Parse a statement
+    def Tokenize(self, p_strInput):
+        #  Get a scanner on the sql string
+        self.m_Scanner = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Scanner._Scanner(p_strInput)
+        #  Create a new token list
+        self.m_Tokens = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._TokenList._TokenList()
+        #  Scan the input string and break into tokens
+        tokenize_switcher = {
+            ParseToken.tokEOS: self.Tokenize_eos,
+            ParseToken.tokDOT: self.Tokenize_dot,
+            ParseToken.tokDIGIT: self.Tokenize_digit,
+            ParseToken.tokMINUS: self.Tokenize_minus,
+            ParseToken.tokPLUS: self.Tokenize_plus,
+            ParseToken.tokLBRACK: self.Tokenize_lbrack,
+            ParseToken.tokDQUOTE: self.Tokenize_quote,
+            ParseToken.tokSQUOTE: self.Tokenize_quote,
+            ParseToken.tokSLASH: self.Tokenize_slash,
+            ParseToken.tokQUEST: functools.partial(self.Tokenize_single, token = TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK, char = "?"),
+            ParseToken.tokATSIGN: self.Tokenize_atsign,
+            ParseToken.tokLPARN: functools.partial(self.Tokenize_single, token = TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN, char = "("),
+            ParseToken.tokRPARN: functools.partial(self.Tokenize_single, token = TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN, char = ")"),
+            ParseToken.tokCOMMA: functools.partial(self.Tokenize_single, token = TOKEN.COMMA, char = ","),
+            ParseToken.tokCOLON: self.Tokenize_colon,
+            ParseToken.tokLETTER: self.Tokenize_identifier,
+            ParseToken.tokPERCENT: self.Tokenize_identifier,
+            ParseToken.tokDOLLAR: self.Tokenize_identifier,
+            ParseToken.tokUSCORE: self.Tokenize_identifier,
+            ParseToken.tokPOUND: self.Tokenize_identifier,
+            ParseToken.tokLESS: functools.partial(self.Tokenize_op, check_tokens = [ParseToken.tokEQUAL, ParseToken.tokGREAT]),
+            ParseToken.tokEXCLA: self.Tokenize_op,
+            ParseToken.tokGREAT: self.Tokenize_op,
+            ParseToken.tokASTER: self.Tokenize_op,
+            ParseToken.tokEQUAL: functools.partial(self.Tokenize_op, check_tokens = [ParseToken.tokASTER]),
+            ParseToken.tokVBAR: self.Tokenize_vbar,
+            ParseToken.tokLBRACE: self.Tokenize_lbrace
+        }
+        while self.m_Scanner.CurrentTokenGet() != ParseToken.tokEOS:
+            self.m_Scanner.SkipWhitespace()
+            
+            tokenize_func = tokenize_switcher.get(self.m_Scanner.CurrentTokenGet(), self.Tokenize_default)
+            tokenize_func()
+
+    # generic function for when a token consists of a single character
+    def Tokenize_single(self, token, char):
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(token, char))
+        # Skip this character
+        self.m_Scanner.NextToken()
+
+    # default behavior for an unknown character or ParseToken
+    def Tokenize_default(self, token = TOKEN.UNKNOWN):
+        self.m_Scanner.BeginLexeme()
+        self.m_Scanner.NextToken() #  One character unknown
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(token, self.m_Scanner.EndLexeme(), self.m_Scanner.EndUpperLexeme()))
+
+    # end of source, do nothing
+    def Tokenize_eos(self):
+        pass
+
+    # if dot is part of a decimal, parse a number, otherwise default behavior
+    def Tokenize_dot(self):
+        if ParseToken.tokDIGIT != self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken():
+            self.Tokenize_default()
+        else:
+            self.Tokenize_digit()
+
+    # either the beginning of hex data, or a number
+    def Tokenize_digit(self):
+        (t_strNumber, goodParse) = self.m_Scanner.Hex()
+        if goodParse:
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.HEX, t_strNumber))
+            return
+                    
+        (t_strNumber, goodParse) = self.m_Scanner.Number()
+        if not goodParse:
+            raise Exception("Invalid Numeric Constant")
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.CONSTANT, t_strNumber))
+
+    def Tokenize_minus(self):
+        nextToken = self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken()
+        if nextToken == ParseToken.tokMINUS:
+            #  Continuation sequence, skip to next line
+            self.m_Scanner.Skip(2)
+            self.m_Scanner.BeginLexeme()
+            self.m_Scanner.SkipToEndOfLine() #  Skip '--' to end of line
+            # DVU             m_Tokens.Append(new _Token(TOKEN.UNKNOWN, "/*" + m_Scanner.EndLexeme() + "*/"))
+            return
+        elif nextToken == ParseToken.tokGREAT:
+            #  -> operator
+            self.m_Scanner.BeginLexeme()
+            self.m_Scanner.Skip(2) #  Skip '->'
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.OP, self.m_Scanner.EndLexeme()))
+            return
+        self.Tokenize_plus("-")
+
+    def Tokenize_plus(self, op_char = "+"):
+        #  RULE: Per Aviel, Preparser.txt. A numeric constant may include a preceding "+" or "-" , 
+        #  but only if the token before the +/- is an OP or LPAR, otherwise the +/- might be
+        #  a monadic operator and should be considered an OP.
+        t_eToken = self.m_Tokens.Last().GetValue().TokenTypeGet() if self.m_Tokens.Last() is not None else TOKEN.UNKNOWN
+        if t_eToken in [TOKEN.OP, TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN, TOKEN.COMMA] and (self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken == ParseToken.tokDIGIT or (self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken() == ParseToken.tokDOT and self.m_Scanner.PeekNextNextToken() == ParseToken.tokDIGIT)):
+            #  Scan in number
+            (t_strNumber, goodParse) = self.m_Scanner.Number()
+            if not goodParse:
+                #  TO DO: Replace with ParseException
+                raise Exception("Invalid Numeric Constant")
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.CONSTANT, t_strNumber))
+        else:
+            self.Tokenize_single(TOKEN.OP, op_char)
+
+    def Tokenize_lbrack(self):
+        if self.m_bBracketSubstitution:
+            if not self.m_bDelimitedIdentifiers:
+                raise Exception("Delimited identifiers must be enabled on the server to support brackets")
+            (t_strString, t_eToken) = self.m_Scanner.ParseBrackets(self.m_bDelimitedIdentifiers)
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(t_eToken, t_strString))
+            return
+        self.Tokenize_default()
+
+    # quotes indicate a string
+    def Tokenize_quote(self):
+        (t_strString, t_eToken) = self.m_Scanner.String(self.m_bDelimitedIdentifiers)
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(t_eToken, t_strString))
+
+    def Tokenize_slash(self):
+        if self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken() == ParseToken.tokASTER:
+            # scan in the comment
+            self.m_Scanner.BeginLexeme()
+            #  Skip '/' '*'
+            self.m_Scanner.Skip(2)
+            #  Scan in the comment, returns true if successful scan
+            if not self.m_Scanner.Comment():
+                #  Ran off end of statement
+                #  TO DO: Replace with ParseException?
+                raise Exception("Unexpected End-Of-Statement")
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.UNKNOWN, self.m_Scanner.EndLexeme(), self.m_Scanner.EndUpperLexeme()))
+        else:
+            self.Tokenize_default(TOKEN.OP) #  '/' operator
+
+    # '@' used for named parameters
+    def Tokenize_atsign(self):
+        self.m_Scanner.NextToken()
+        if self.m_Scanner.CurrentTokenGet() == ParseToken.tokDIGIT:
+            raise Exception(("Parameter Name error, First value cannot be a digit: " + self.m_Scanner.CurrentChar()))
+        t_strID = self.m_Scanner.Identifier()
+        if t_strID == "":
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK, "?"))
+        else:
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.ATSIGN, "@" + t_strID))
+
+    # ':' indicates variables
+    def Tokenize_colon(self):
+        #  Skip ':'
+        self.m_Scanner.NextToken()
+        #  Scan in a variable
+        t_strVariable = self.m_Scanner.Variable() 
+        t_strVariable = ":" + t_strVariable
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.VAR, t_strVariable))
+
+    def Tokenize_identifier(self):
+        #  Initially, the token is an ID
+        t_eToken = TOKEN.ID
+        #  Scan in an identifier
+        t_strID = self.m_Scanner.Identifier()
+        #  Get an uppercase version for lookups
+        t_strIDUpper = self.m_Scanner.EndUpperLexeme()
+        #  Do a table lookup to identify token
+        if t_strIDUpper in self.s_KeywordTable:
+            #  Found it, replace ID with specific type
+            t_eToken = self.s_KeywordTable[t_strIDUpper]
+            if (t_eToken == TOKEN.NOT):
+                t_strID = self.m_Scanner.checkForNotPredicates()
+                t_strIDUpper = t_strID.upper()
+        if t_strID == '%s':
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK, "?"))
+        else:
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(t_eToken, t_strID, t_strIDUpper))
+
+    # used for various operators
+    def Tokenize_op(self, check_tokens = [ParseToken.tokEQUAL]):
+        self.m_Scanner.BeginLexeme()
+        if self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken() in check_tokens:
+            # Check for composite operators (e.g. <=, >=, !=, etc.)
+            self.m_Scanner.NextToken()
+        self.m_Scanner.NextToken()
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.OP, self.m_Scanner.EndLexeme()))
+
+    # either || operator, or unknown
+    def Tokenize_vbar(self):
+        self.m_Scanner.BeginLexeme()
+        t_eToken = TOKEN.OP
+        if self.m_Scanner.PeekNextToken() == ParseToken.tokVBAR:
+            self.m_Scanner.Skip(2)
+        else:
+            self.m_Scanner.NextToken()
+            t_eToken = TOKEN.UNKNOWN
+        self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(t_eToken, self.m_Scanner.EndLexeme(), self.m_Scanner.EndUpperLexeme()))
+
+    def Tokenize_lbrace(self):
+        self.m_Scanner.NextToken() #  Skip '{'
+        #  Create a checkpoint
+        t_CP = self.m_Scanner.CreateCheckPoint()
+        self.m_Scanner.SkipWhitespace()
+        #  Scan in a potential keyowrd
+        t_strKeyword = self.m_Scanner.Keyword()
+        if t_strKeyword in ["d", "ds", "t", "ts"]:
+            #  Recognized dts token
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.UNKNOWN, "{"))
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.DTS, t_strKeyword))
+        else:
+            #  wasn't a dts keyword, restore to check point
+            self.m_Scanner.RestoreCheckPoint(t_CP)
+            self.m_Tokens.Append(intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.UNKNOWN, "{"))
+
+    #  Resolve parameters and perform appropriate substitutions
+    def Resolve(self, p_strInput, p_Parameters):
+        pOut = PreParseResult()
+        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.UPDATE
+        if self.ParamInfoGet() == None:
+            self.ParamInfoSet(intersystems_iris._IRISList._IRISList())
+        else:
+            self.ParamInfoGet().clear() # reset buffer
+        #  Get an enumerator on the token collection
+        t_Enum = self.m_Tokens.GetEnumerator()
+        for i in range(1):
+            #  If Parameter list is not empty prior then we have bound parameters
+            #  from a previous parse (or user inputted?)
+            t_bBoundParameters = (len(p_Parameters._params_list) > 0)
+            if self.m_Tokens.Count() < 2:
+                pOut.sResult = p_strInput
+                break #  Resolved
+            #  Make first token current (we know we have at least 2 tokens)
+            t_Enum.MoveNext()
+            t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+            # TODO: comments are not skipped when the enumerator is reset later in the algorithm; does this need to be fixed?  Is this worth fixing?
+            while TOKEN.UNKNOWN == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() and t_str.startswith("/*"):
+                t_Enum.MoveNext() # skip comments
+                t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+            #  Determine statement types that need further processing 
+            if t_str in self.s_ParsedStatements:
+                pOut.p_eStmtType = self.s_ParsedStatements[t_str]
+                self.CacheOnServerSet(True)
+            else:
+                if t_str in self.s_StatementTable:
+                    pOut.p_eStmtType = self.s_StatementTable[t_str]
+                    #  Copy the whole statement to the output
+                    if self.m_bBracketSubstitution and self.m_bDelimitedIdentifiers:
+                        t_Enum.Reset()
+                        while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                            pOut.sResult += t_Enum.Current().Lexeme + " "
+                    else:
+                        #  Copy the whole statement to the output and ignore tokenizing
+                        #  syntax can fail if not exact
+                        pOut.sResult += p_strInput
+                        if t_str == "EXPLAIN" and pOut.p_eStmtType == StatementType.CALLWITHRESULT:
+                            pQuery = p_strInput
+                            pAlt = "ShowPlan"
+                            pStat = "0"
+                            pQuery = pQuery[(pQuery.upper().find("EXPLAIN") + len("EXPLAIN")):] # slice off "EXPLAIN"
+                            while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                                if t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme == "ALT":
+                                    pAlt = "ShowPlanAlt"
+                                    pQuery = pQuery[(pQuery.upper().find("ALT") + len("ALT")):] # slice off "ALT"
+                                elif t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme == "STAT":
+                                    pStat = "1"
+                                    pQuery = pQuery[(pQuery.upper().find("STAT") + len("STAT")):] # slice off "STAT"
+                                else:
+                                    p_Parameters._clear()
+                                    p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(pQuery, ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL))
+                                    p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(pStat, ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL))
+                                    p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(pAlt, ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL))
+                                    p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter("", ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL))
+                                    pOut.sResult = "select %SYSTEM . QUERY_PLAN ( :%qpar(1) , :%qpar(2) , :%qpar(3) , :%qpar(4) ) as Plan"
+                                    pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.QUERY
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add(4)
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add('c')
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add(2)
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add('c')
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add(1)
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add('c')
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add(1)
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add('c')
+                                    self.m_ParamInfo.add(1)
+                                    self.CacheOnServerSet(False)
+                                    return pOut
+                    break # Resolved
+                else:
+                    if t_str in self.s_TransactionStatements:
+                        self.CacheOnServerSet(True)
+                    else:
+                        if t_str.startswith("("):
+                            if t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                                t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+                                if t_str == "SELECT":
+                                    pOut.p_eStmtType = self.s_ParsedStatements[t_str]
+                                t_Enum.MovePrevious()
+                                self.CacheOnServerSet(True)
+                if self.m_Tokens.First().GetValue().UpperEquals("SET"):
+                    # Resolve "SET TRANSACTION" and "SET OPTION"
+                    t_NewEnum = self.m_Tokens.GetEnumerator()
+                    t_NewEnum.MoveNext() # "SET" is current
+                    bMoveNext = t_NewEnum.MoveNext() # token after "SET" is current (if any)
+                    if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("TRANSACTION"):
+                        self.CacheOnServerSet(True)
+                    if 5 == self.m_Tokens.Count():
+                        if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("OPTION"):
+                            bMoveNext = t_NewEnum.MoveNext()
+                            if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("BLOB_SUPPORT"):
+                                bMoveNext = t_NewEnum.MoveNext()
+                                if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("="):
+                                    bMoveNext = t_NewEnum.MoveNext()
+                                    if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("1"):
+                                        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.STREAMS_ON
+                                    elif bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("0"):
+                                        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.STREAMS_OFF
+                                    else:
+                                        raise Exception("BLOB_SUPPORT must be 0 or 1")
+                                else:
+                                    raise Exception("Expected '=' after BLOB_SUPPORT")
+                            elif bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT"):
+                                bMoveNext = t_NewEnum.MoveNext()
+                                if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("="):
+                                    bMoveNext = t_NewEnum.MoveNext()
+                                    if bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("1"):
+                                        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.SYNC_COMMIT
+                                    elif bMoveNext and t_NewEnum.Current().UpperEquals("0"):
+                                        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.ASYNC_COMMIT
+                                    else:
+                                        raise Exception("SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT must be 0 or 1")
+                                else:
+                                    raise Exception("Expected '=' after SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT")
+                            else:
+                                # aren't there other options beyond BLOB_SUPPORT and SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT?
+                                raise Exception("Unknown SET OPTION")
+                    t_Enum.Reset()
+                    while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        pOut.sResult += t_Enum.Current().Lexeme + " "
+                    break # Resolved
+                # check for Exec and Call statements
+                if (not self.CacheOnServerGet()) and self.Exec(pOut, p_Parameters):
+                    self.CacheOnServerSet(True)
+                    break
+                self.m_nUndefinedCount = 0
+                if (not self.CacheOnServerGet()) and self.Call(pOut, p_Parameters):
+                    self.CacheOnServerSet(True)
+                    break
+            
+            pOut.sResult = ""
+            t_Enum.Reset()
+            
+            self.t_nOpenParen = 0 # keeps track of number of open parentheses
+            self.t_nOrdinal = 0 # keeps track of where in p_Parameters new parameters will be inserted
+            self.t_nRound = 0 # keeps track of which argument of ROUND is being parsed
+            self.t_nRoundNested = 0 # keeps track of any nested parentheses inside of a ROUND argument
+
+            self.orderbyToken = None
+            self.lastToken = None # previous token that was resolved (not counting things like parentheses and commas)
+           
+            t_bQuitLoop = False # currently nothing meaningful is done with this
+            bFirstElement = True
+            resolve_switcher = {
+                TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK: self.Resolve_question_mark,
+                TOKEN.ATSIGN: self.Resolve_atsign,
+                TOKEN.HEX: self.Resolve_hex,
+                TOKEN.ID: functools.partial(self.Resolve_id, stmtType = pOut.p_eStmtType),
+                TOKEN.STRFUNCTION: self.Resolve_strfunction,
+                TOKEN.DATATYPE: self.Resolve_datatype,
+                TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN: self.Resolve_open_paren,
+                TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN: self.Resolve_close_paren,
+                TOKEN.OP: self.Resolve_op,
+                TOKEN.CONSTANT: self.Resolve_constant,
+                # TOKEN.NULL: self.Resolve_null,
+                TOKEN.COMMA: self.Resolve_comma
+            }
+            while (not t_bQuitLoop) and t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                if bFirstElement:
+                    bFirstElement = False
+                    if t_Token.UpperEquals("{"):
+                        raise Exception("'{' encountered at the beginning of the statement") # , "37000", 37000)
+
+                resolve_func = resolve_switcher.get(t_Token.TokenTypeGet(), None)
+                if resolve_func is not None:
+                    t_bQuitLoop = resolve_func(p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters)
+
+                if t_Token.TokenTypeGet() not in [TOKEN.COMMA, TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN, TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN]:
+                    self.lastToken = t_Token
+            
+            # now that we've resolved every token, need to replace parameters with ":%qpar" syntax
+            t_Enum.Reset()
+            t_nParamIndex = 1
+            t_count = 0
+
+            bExecute = False
+            while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                t_count += 1
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+
+                # exclude an initial "EXECUTE" from the final preparsed statement
+                if t_Token.UpperEquals("EXECUTE"):
+                    bExecute = True
+                if (2 == t_count) and (bExecute):
+                    if t_Token.UpperEquals("SELECT"):
+                        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.QUERY
+                        pOut.sResult = ""
+                    elif t_Token.UpperEquals("UPDATE") or t_Token.UpperEquals("INSERT"):
+                        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.UPDATE
+                        pOut.sResult = ""
+
+                if TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK == t_Token.TokenTypeGet() or TOKEN.ATSIGN == t_Token.TokenTypeGet():
+                    pOut.sResult += "?" if self.embedded else ":%qpar({0})".format(t_nParamIndex)
+                    t_nParamIndex += 1
+                    if t_count < t_Enum.Count():
+                        pOut.sResult += ' '
+                else:
+                    pOut.sResult += t_Token.Lexeme
+                    if t_count < t_Enum.Count():
+                        pOut.sResult += ' '
+                    if t_Token.UpperEquals("SELECT"):
+                        pOut.sResult = self.appendRowId(pOut.sResult)
+                    if t_Token.UpperEquals("ORDER"):
+                        haveMore = t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                        if haveMore:
+                            pOut.sResult += t_Enum.Current().Lexeme
+                            if t_count < t_Enum.Count():
+                                pOut.sResult += ' '
+                            if t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("BY"):
+                                pOut.sResult = self.appendIdAdded(pOut.sResult)
+        # create paramInfo $list to be passed to server
+        length = 0
+        if len(p_Parameters._params_list) > 0:
+            item = p_Parameters._params_list[0]
+            if isinstance(item, list) or isinstance(item, tuple):
+                length = len(item)
+            else:
+                length = len(p_Parameters._params_list)
+        self.m_ParamInfo.add(length - self.m_ExecParamCount) #len(p_Parameters._params_list)
+        if length - self.m_ExecParamCount > 0:
+            t_Enum.Reset()
+            nParamIndex = 1
+            p_Parameters._user_index = [-1]
+            while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                if TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() or TOKEN.ATSIGN == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet():
+                    if t_Enum.Current().m_replaced:
+                        self.m_ParamInfo.add('c')
+                    else:
+                        self.m_ParamInfo.add('?')
+                        p_Parameters._add_user_param(None)
+                        p_Parameters._user_index.append(nParamIndex - 1)
+                    self.m_ParamInfo.add(t_Enum.Current().m_format)
+                    nParamIndex += 1
+                    if nParamIndex == length + 1:
+                        break
+        return pOut
+
+    # '?' represents a parameter; adds a parameter to p_Parameters if none were provided
+    def Resolve_question_mark(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        self.t_nOrdinal += 1
+        if not t_bBoundParameters:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter("?", ParameterMode.INPUT, '?'))
+        return False
+
+    # "@" used for named parameters
+    def Resolve_atsign(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        self.hasNamedParameters = True
+        self.t_nOrdinal += 1
+        if (not t_bBoundParameters) or len(p_Parameters._params_list) == 0:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_Token.Lexeme, ParameterMode.UNKNOWN))
+        else:
+            if not matchUpParam(p_Parameters, t_Token.Lexeme, len(p_Parameters._params_list)):
+                p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_Token.Lexeme, ParameterMode.UNKNOWN))
+        return False
+
+    # replaces a hex literal with a parameter
+    def Resolve_hex(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        self.t_nOrdinal += 1
+        cp = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(bytes.fromhex(t_Token.Lexeme[2:]), ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL, '?', type = intersystems_iris.dbapi._DBAPI.SQLType.BINARY)
+        p_Parameters._params_list.append(cp)
+        t_Token.TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+        return False
+
+    def Resolve_id(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters, stmtType):
+        if self.orderbyToken is not None and t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("UNION"):
+            self.orderbyToken = None
+        if self.lastToken is not None and self.lastToken == self.orderbyToken:
+            self.orderbyToken = t_Token
+            self.lastToken = t_Token
+            return False
+        # ORDER follows parameters, quit early
+        if t_Token.UpperEquals("ORDER"):
+            t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+            if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                if t_NewToken.UpperEquals("BY"):
+                    self.orderbyToken = t_NewToken
+                    if self.t_nOpenParen == 0:
+                        return False
+                    else:
+                        while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                            if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                                self.t_nOpenParen -= 1
+                                break
+                            elif (TOKEN.ID == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet()) and (t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("UNION")):
+                                break
+        # JSON_TABLE should have no literal substitution
+        if t_Token.UpperContains("JSON_") or t_Token.UpperContains("_JSON"):
+            startParen = self.t_nOpenParen
+            while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                    self.t_nOpenParen += 1
+                if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                    self.t_nOpenParen -= 1
+                if self.t_nOpenParen == startParen:
+                    break
+        # ROUND special handling for second parameter
+        if t_Token.UpperEquals("ROUND"):
+            if stmtType == StatementType.QUERY and self.t_nRound == 0:
+                self.t_nRound = 1
+        # DATEPART with first parameter sent as is, not a literal
+        if t_Token.UpperEquals("DATEPART") or t_Token.UpperEquals("TIMESTAMPADD") or t_Token.UpperEquals("TIMESTAMPDIFF"):
+            if t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                    while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CONSTANT:
+                            t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.ID)
+                            break
+                        if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() in [TOKEN.COMMA, TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN]:
+                            break
+                else:
+                    t_Enum.MovePrevious()
+        return False
+
+    # I honestly have no idea why this method does what it does
+    def Resolve_strfunction(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        parenLevel = 0
+        t_TokenLast = None
+        inOrderBy = False
+        while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+            if t_TokenLast is not None and t_TokenLast.UpperLexeme == "ORDER":
+                if t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme == "BY":
+                    inOrderBy = True
+            t_TokenLast = t_Enum.Current()
+            if parenLevel == 1 and t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.COMMA:
+                while t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    if t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CONSTANT:
+                        t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.ID)
+                        if parenLevel == 1:
+                            break
+                    elif t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                        parenLevel += 1
+                    elif t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                        parenLevel -= 1
+                        if parenLevel == 1:
+                            break
+            elif t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                parenLevel += 1
+            elif t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                if parenLevel == 1:
+                    break
+                parenLevel -= 1
+            elif t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CONSTANT:
+                bSubstitute = not inOrderBy
+                if parenLevel > 1:
+                    t_Enum.MovePrevious()
+                    if TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet():
+                        t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                        t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                        if TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet():
+                            bSubstitute = False
+                        t_Enum.MovePrevious()
+                    else:
+                        t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                if bSubstitute:
+                    t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                    self.t_nOrdinal = self.DynamicVariable(t_bBoundParameters, t_Token, self.t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters)
+            if parenLevel == 0:
+                break
+        return False
+
+    # Skips over the data type's arguments (if any)
+    def Resolve_datatype(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+        if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+            t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+            if TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN == t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet():
+                while t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                    t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                    if t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                        break
+                t_Enum = t_NewEnum
+        return False
+
+    # generally just increments t_nOpenParen (and t_nRoundNested, when relevant), 
+    # but also checks for "((CONSTANT))" syntax (this is a way you can get the preparser to not replace a constant with a parameter)
+    def Resolve_open_paren(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        self.t_nOpenParen += 1
+        t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+        if self.t_nRound > 0:
+            self.t_nRoundNested += 1
+        if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+            t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+            if TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN == t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet():
+                self.t_nOpenParen += 1
+                if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                    t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                    bCurlyBrace = (t_NewToken.Lexeme == "{")
+                    if TOKEN.CONSTANT == t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet() or bCurlyBrace:
+                        if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                            t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                            if bCurlyBrace:
+                                while t_NewToken.Lexeme != "}":
+                                    if not t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                                        bCurlyBrace = False
+                                        break
+                                    t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                                bCurlyBrace = False
+                                if not t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                                    return False
+                                t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                            if TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN == t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet():
+                                self.t_nOpenParen -= 1
+                                if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+                                    t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+                                    if TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN == t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet():
+                                        self.t_nOpenParen -= 1
+                                        t_Enum = t_NewEnum
+                                        if self.t_nRound > 0:
+                                            self.t_nRoundNested -= 1
+        return False
+         
+    # decrements t_nOpenParen (and t_nRoundNested, when relevant)
+    def Resolve_close_paren(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        if self.t_nRound > 0:
+            self.t_nRoundNested -= 1
+        self.t_nOpenParen -= 1
+        return False
+
+    # skips over "(CONSTANT)" after an operator (another way to get the preparser to not replace a constant with a parameter)
+    def Resolve_op(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+        if t_NewEnum.MoveNext():
+            t_NewToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+            if TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN == t_NewToken.TokenTypeGet():
+                if t_NewEnum.MoveNext() and t_NewEnum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CONSTANT:
+                    if t_NewEnum.MoveNext() and t_NewEnum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+                        t_Enum = t_NewEnum
+        return False
+
+    def Resolve_constant(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        # the second argument (and beyond?) of ROUND should not be replaced with a parameter
+        if (self.t_nRound == 2) and (self.t_nRoundNested == 1):
+            t_Enum.MoveNext()
+            if TOKEN.COMMA != t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet():
+                self.t_nRound = 0
+                self.t_nRoundNested = 0
+            t_Enum.MovePrevious()
+            return False
+        # Detect and Skip IN clause
+        if self.lastToken is not None:
+            if self.lastToken == self.orderbyToken:
+                self.orderbyToken = t_Token
+                self.lastToken = t_Token
+                return False
+        t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+
+        # not 100% sure what this block does
+        if t_NewEnum.MoveNext() and t_NewEnum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN:
+            t_NewEnum.MovePrevious()
+            if t_NewEnum.MovePrevious() and (t_NewEnum.Current().Lexeme[0] == '-'):
+                t_NewEnum.MovePrevious()
+            if t_Enum.Current() is not None and t_NewEnum.Current().TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN:
+                t_NewEnum.MovePrevious()
+                if t_Enum.Current() is not None:
+                    if TOKEN.ID != t_NewEnum.Current().TokenTypeGet() or (t_NewEnum.Current().UpperLexeme in _PreParser.s_replaceparm):
+                        t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                        return False
+
+        # determine format the constant will be sent to the server in (stored in paramInfo at the end of Resolve())
+        if t_Enum.Current() is not None:
+            c = t_Enum.Current().Lexeme
+            if c[0] == '\'' or c[0] == '"':
+                if c[-1] != c[0]:
+                    raise Exception("unmatched quote in " + t_Enum.Current().Lexeme)
+                t_Enum.Current().m_format = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token.CAST_CHAR
+            else:
+                isInt = True
+                for ii in range(len(c)):
+                    if c[ii] in ['.', 'e', 'E']:
+                        isInt = False
+                        break
+                if isInt:
+                    if (21 < len(c)) or ((c[0] == '-') and (20 < len(c))):
+                        t_Enum.Current().m_format = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token.CAST_CHAR
+                    else:
+                        t_Enum.Current().m_format = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token.CAST_INT
+                else:
+                    t_Enum.Current().m_format = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token.CAST_NUM
+        self.t_nOrdinal = self.DynamicVariable(t_bBoundParameters, t_Token, self.t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters)
+        return False
+
+    # not sure why this does what it does
+    def Resolve_null(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+        if t_NewEnum.MovePrevious():
+            t_PreviousToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+            if t_PreviousToken.TokenTypeGet() not in [TOKEN.NOT, TOKEN.IS, TOKEN.THEN, TOKEN.COMMA, TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN, TOKEN.ELSE]:
+                self.t_nOrdinal = Null(t_bBoundParameters, t_Token, self.t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters)
+        return False
+
+    def Resolve_comma(self, p_Parameters, t_Enum, t_Token, t_bBoundParameters):
+        if (self.t_nRoundNested == 1) and (self.t_nRound == 1):
+            self.t_nRound += 1
+        return False
+
+    # no idea what this does, I don't think it's used anywhere, but I kept it in just in case
+    @classmethod
+    def GetHexVal(cls, hex):
+        """ generated source for method GetHexVal """
+        val = int(hex)
+        return val - (48 if val < 58 else (55 if val < 97 else 87))
+
+    # not sure why this does what it does
+    def Null(self, p_bBoundParameters, p_Token, p_nOrdinal, p_Parameters):
+        p_nOrdinal += 1
+        t_Parameter = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(mode = ParameterMode.DEFAULT_PARAMETER, paramType = 'c')
+        if p_bBoundParameters:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.insert(p_nOrdinal - 1, t_Parameter)
+        else:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.append(t_Parameter)
+        p_Token.Lexeme = "?"
+        p_Token.TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+        p_Token.m_replaced = True
+        return p_nOrdinal
+
+    # matches a named parameter in the SQL statement with a param in the list of parameters
+    #  param - list of parameters (p_Parameters from Resolve())
+    #  paramName - name of the parameter to be matched
+    #  numParam - len(param)
+    def matchUpParam(self, param, paramName, numParam):
+        match = False
+        if not self.hasNamedParameters or (paramName == None or paramName == "" or paramName[0] != '@'):
+            return False
+        for i in range(len(param._params_list)):
+            if (param._params_list[i].name.upper() == paramName.upper()) or (("@" + param._params_list[i].name.upper()) == paramName.upper()):
+                match = True
+                if i != numParam:
+                    cp = param._params_list[i]
+                    cporig = cp
+                    if not cporig.parsermatched:
+                        del param._params_list[i:(i+1)]
+                    else:
+                        cp = cporig.Clone()
+                        cp.name = cporig.name + str(numParam)
+                        cp.mode = ParameterMode.UNKNOWN
+                        if cporig.matchedParameterList == None:
+                            cporig.matchedParameterList = []
+                        cporig.matchedParamaterList.append(cp)
+                    cp.parsermatched = True
+                    param._params_list.insert(numParam, cp)
+                else:
+                    param._params_list[i].parsermatched = True
+                break
+        return match
+
+    # I don't 100% follow this function, but I'm pretty sure it spends most of its time trying to isolate a return parameter, if any, then preparses as normal (?)
+    def Call(self, pOut, p_Parameters):
+        t_bRet = False
+        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.UPDATE
+        pOut.sResult = ""
+        for i in range(1):
+            t_Enum = self.m_Tokens.GetEnumerator()
+            t_Enum.MoveNext()
+            t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+            while (TOKEN.UNKNOWN == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet()) and t_str.startswith("/*"):
+                t_Enum.MoveNext() # skip comments
+                t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+            t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            if t_Token.Lexeme[0] == '{':
+                t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            returnParam = None
+            # expects either "? = ..." or one of "CALL", "EXEC", "EXECUTE"
+            if t_Token.TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK:
+                returnParam = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter("?", ParameterMode.RETURN_VALUE, '?')
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext() or t_Enum.Current().Lexeme[0] != '=':
+                    break
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+            elif not (t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("CALL") or t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("EXEC") or t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("EXECUTE")):
+                return False
+
+            # not really sure what to make of the next couple blocks of code
+            # feels like they should maybe be in another elif block, not their own if block
+            if t_Token.TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.ATSIGN:
+                self.hasNamedParameters = True
+                returnParam = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_Token.Lexeme, ParameterMode.RETURN_VALUE)
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext() or t_Enum.Current().Lexeme[0] != '=':
+                    break
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+            if t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("CALL") or t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("EXEC") or t_Enum.Current().UpperEquals("EXECUTE"):
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+            else:
+                if TOKEN.STRFUNCTION == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet():
+                    break
+
+            pOut.sResult += t_Enum.Current().Lexeme
+            t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            if t_Token.UpperEquals("SELECT") or t_Token.UpperEquals("UPDATE") or t_Token.UpperEquals("INSERT"):
+                pOut.sResult = ""
+                break
+            if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                break
+            t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            if t_Token.UpperEquals("SELECT") or t_Token.UpperEquals("UPDATE") or t_Token.UpperEquals("INSERT"):
+                pOut.sResult = ""
+                break
+            t_bQuitLoop = False
+            while t_Token.Lexeme[0] == '.':
+                pOut.sResult += '.'
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    t_bQuitLoop = True
+                    break
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                if t_Token.TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.ID:
+                    pOut.sResult += t_Token.Lexeme
+                    if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        t_bQuitLoop = True
+                        break
+                    t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            t_bBoundParameters = (len(p_Parameters._params_list) > 0)
+            t_nOrdinal = 0
+            if returnParam is not None:
+                t_nOrdinal += 1
+                if not t_bBoundParameters:
+                    p_Parameters._params_list.insert(0, returnParam)
+                else:
+                    if not matchUpParam(p_Parameters, returnParam.GetName(), t_nOrdinal - 1):
+                        if p_Parameters._params_list[0].mode != ParameterMode.RETURN_VALUE:
+                            p_Parameters._params_list.insert(0, returnParam)
+            if not t_bQuitLoop:
+                t_eLastToken = TOKEN.UNKNOWN
+                call_switcher = {
+                    TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK: self.Call_question_mark,
+                    TOKEN.ATSIGN: self.Call_atsign,
+                    TOKEN.HEX: self.Call_hex,
+                    TOKEN.CONSTANT: functools.partial(self.Call_constant_id, t_Enum = t_Enum),
+                    TOKEN.ID: functools.partial(self.Call_constant_id, t_Enum = t_Enum),
+                    TOKEN.NULL: self.Call_null,
+                    TOKEN.COMMA: functools.partial(self.Call_comma_paren, t_eLastToken = t_eLastToken),
+                    TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN: functools.partial(self.Call_comma_paren, t_eLastToken = t_eLastToken)
+                }
+                while True:
+                    t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                    call_func = call_switcher.get(t_Token.TokenTypeGet(), self.Call_default)
+                    (t_nOrdinal, t_eLastToken) = call_func(p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters)
+                    
+                    if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        break
+            pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.CALL if (returnParam == None) else StatementType.CALLWITHRESULT
+            t_bRet = True
+        return t_bRet
+
+    def Call_default(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters):
+        return (t_nOrdinal, t_Token.TokenTypeGet())
+
+    def Call_question_mark(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters):
+        if not t_bBoundParameters:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter("?", ParameterMode.INPUT, '?'))
+        return (t_nOrdinal + 1, TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+
+    def Call_atsign(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters):
+        self.hasNamedParameters = True
+        if (not t_bBoundParameters) or len(p_Parameters._params_list) == 0:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.add(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_Token.Lexeme, ParameterMode.UNKNOWN))
+        else:
+            if not matchUpParam(p_Parameters, t_Token.Lexeme, t_nOrdinal):
+                p_Parameters._params_list.add(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_Token.Lexeme, ParameterMode.UNKNOWN))
+        return (t_nOrdinal + 1, TOKEN.ATSIGN)
+
+    def Call_hex(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters):
+        cp = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(bytes.fromhex(t_Token.Lexeme[2:]), ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL, '?')
+        p_Parameters._params_list.append(cp)
+        t_Token.TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+        return (t_nOrdinal + 1, TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+
+    def Call_constant_id(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters, t_Enum):
+        t_NewEnum = t_Enum.Clone()
+        if t_NewEnum.MovePrevious():
+            t_PreviousToken = t_NewEnum.Current()
+            if t_PreviousToken.TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.OP:
+                t_Token.TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+                return (self.DynamicVariable(t_bBoundParameters, intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.CONSTANT, t_PreviousToken.Lexeme, t_PreviousToken.UpperLexeme), t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters),
+                        TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+        return (self.DynamicVariable(t_bBoundParameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters), TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+
+    def Call_null(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters):
+        return (self.Null(t_bBoundParameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters), t_Token.TokenTypeGet())
+
+    def Call_comma_paren(self, p_Parameters, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, t_bBoundParameters, t_eLastToken):
+        if TOKEN.COMMA == t_eLastToken or TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN == t_eLastToken:
+            t_Parameter = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(mode = ParameterMode.DEFAULT_PARAMETER, paramType = 'd')
+            t_nOrdinal += 1
+            self.m_nUndefinedCount += 1
+            if t_bBoundParameters:
+                p_Parameters._params_list.insert(t_nOrdinal - 1, t_Parameter)
+            else:
+                p_Parameters._params_list.append(t_Parameter)
+        return (t_nOrdinal, t_Token.TokenTypeGet())
+
+    # No idea why this function does what it does
+    def Exec(self, pOut, p_Parameters):
+        t_bRet = False
+        pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.UPDATE
+        t_Enum = self.m_Tokens.GetEnumerator()
+        for i in range(1):
+            t_Enum.MoveNext()
+            t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            if not t_Token.UpperEquals("EXEC") and not t_Token.UpperEquals("EXECUTE"):
+                break
+            pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.CALL
+            t_Enum.MoveNext()
+            t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+            while (TOKEN.UNKNOWN == t_Enum.Current().TokenTypeGet()) and t_str.startswith("/*"):
+                t_Enum.MoveNext() # skip comments
+                t_str = t_Enum.Current().UpperLexeme
+            t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            if (t_Token.UpperEquals("SELECT")) or (t_Token.UpperEquals("UPDATE")) or (t_Token.UpperEquals("INSERT")):
+                break
+            t_bRet = True
+            t_bHasReturnType = False
+            if '@' == t_Token.Lexeme[0]:
+                t_bHasReturnType = True
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                if t_Token.Lexeme != "=":
+                    break
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            pOut.sResult += t_Token.Lexeme
+            if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                return True
+            t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            t_bQuitLoop = False
+            while t_Token.Lexeme[0] == '.':
+                pOut.sResult.append('.')
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    t_bQuitLoop = True
+                    break
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                if t_Token.TokenTypeGet() == TOKEN.ID:
+                    pOut.sResult.append(t_Token.Lexeme)
+                    if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        t_bQuitLoop = True
+                        break
+                    t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+            if t_bQuitLoop:
+                break
+            t_nOrdinal = 0
+            while True:
+                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                if TOKEN.COMMA == t_Token.TokenTypeGet():
+                    if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        break
+                    t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                if t_Token.UpperEquals("WITH RECOMPILE"): # Shouldn't it be impossible for this to be a single token?
+                    break
+                t_strParameterName = ""
+                if t_Token.Lexeme[0] == '@':
+                    if t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                        t_strParameterName = t_Enum.Current().Lexeme
+                        bMoveNext = t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                        if (not bMoveNext) or (t_Enum.Current().Lexeme != "="):
+                            if not bMoveNext:
+                                t_bQuitLoop = True
+                            t_Param = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(mode = ParameterMode.INPUT_OUTPUT, name = t_Token.Lexeme[1:], execParam = True)
+                            self.m_ExecParamCount += 1
+                            p_Parameters._params_list.append(t_Param)
+                            continue 
+                        t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                    t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                    t_Enum.MoveNext()
+                if t_Token.TokenTypeGet() not in [TOKEN.OPEN_PAREN, TOKEN.CLOSE_PAREN, TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK, TOKEN.UNKNOWN]:
+                    if t_Token is not None:
+                        if t_Token.Lexeme[0] == '-':
+                            if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                                t_bQuitLoop = True
+                            else:
+                                t_Token = t_Enum.Current()
+                                t_NewToken = intersystems_iris.dbapi.preparser._Token._Token(TOKEN.CONSTANT, "-" + t_Token.Lexem, "-" + t_Token.UpperLexeme)
+                                t_nOrdinal = self.DynamicVariable(False, t_NewToken, t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters)
+                        else:
+                            t_nOrdinal = self.DynamicVariable(False, t_Token, t_nOrdinal, p_Parameters)
+                    if not t_bQuitLoop:
+                        t_Parameter = p_Parameters._params_list[-1]
+                        t_Parameter.name = t_strParameterName
+                        t_Parameter.execParam = True
+                        self.m_ExecParamCount += 1
+                if not t_Enum.MoveNext():
+                    break
+            if t_bQuitLoop:
+                break
+            if t_bHasReturnType:
+                pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.CALLWITHRESULT
+                t_ReturnParam = intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(mode = ParameterMode.UNKNOWN, execParam = True)
+                self.m_ExecParamCount += 1
+                p_Parameters._params_list.insert(0, t_ReturnParam)
+            else:
+                pOut.p_eStmtType = StatementType.CALL
+            t_bRet = True
+        if 0 == self.m_ExecParamCount:
+            return False
+        return t_bRet
+
+    # creates Parameter object for replaced literals
+    def DynamicVariable(self, p_bBoundParameters, p_Token, p_nOrdinal, p_Parameters):
+        p_nOrdinal += 1
+        t_str = p_Token.Lexeme
+        t_c = t_str[0]
+        if t_c in ["'", "\""]:
+            # Remove leading and trailing quotes
+            t_str = t_str[1:-1]
+            # Condense doubled quotes to a single quote
+            t_i = 0
+            while t_i < len(t_str) - 1:
+                if (t_str[t_i] == t_c) and (t_str[t_i + 1] == t_c):
+                    t_str = t_str[:t_i] + t_str[(t_i + 1):]
+                t_i += 1
+        else:
+            if 'e' in t_str or 'E' in t_str:
+                # Normalize number
+                try:
+                    t_double = float(t_str)
+                    t_str = str(t_double)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # wasn't able to parse, leave as is
+                    pass
+            else:
+                p = 0
+                if t_str[p] == '+':
+                    t_str = t_str[1:]
+                if t_str[p] == '-':
+                    p += 1
+                while (p < len(t_str)) and (t_str[p] == '0'):
+                    t_str = t_str[:p] + t_str[(p + 1):]
+                if '.' in t_str:
+                    while t_str[-1] == '0':
+                        t_str = t_str[:-1]
+                    if t_str[-1] == '.':
+                        t_str = t_str[:-1]
+                if p >= len(t_str):
+                    t_str = "0"
+        if p_bBoundParameters:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.insert(p_nOrdinal - 1, intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_str, ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL))
+        else:
+            p_Parameters._params_list.append(intersystems_iris.dbapi._Parameter._Parameter(t_str, ParameterMode.REPLACED_LITERAL))
+        p_Token.Lexeme = "?"
+        p_Token.TokenTypeSet(TOKEN.QUESTION_MARK)
+        p_Token.m_replaced = True
+        return p_nOrdinal
+
+    def appendRowId(self, sb):
+        if self.m_addRowID != 0:
+            return sb + "%ID ,"
+        return sb
+
+    def appendIdAdded(self, sb):
+        if self.m_addRowID == 2:
+            return sb + "%IDADDED "
+        return sb