fiqus 2025.2.0__py3-none-any.whl → 2025.10.0__py3-none-any.whl

fiqus/geom_generators/GeometryCCT.py

@@ -1,905 +1,904 @@
-import os
-import copy
-import math
-import collections
-import logging
-
-import json
-import timeit
-import numpy as np
-import gmsh
-
-from fiqus.data import RegionsModelFiQuS as Reg_Mod_FiQ
-from fiqus.data.DataWindingsCCT import WindingsInformation  # for winding information
-from fiqus.utils.Utils import FilesAndFolders as uff
-from fiqus.utils.Utils import GmshUtils
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-class Hexahedrons:
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        """
-        Points generator for CCT windings to give hexahedron volumes for hexahedron meshing in Gmsh.
-        """
-        self.vertices_to_surf = [[0, 4, 7, 3], [1, 5, 6, 2], [1, 5, 4, 0], [2, 6, 7, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]]
-        # Node ordering following Gmsh for hexahedron https://gmsh.info/doc/texinfo/gmsh.html#Legacy-formats --> node ordering
-        # above _vertices_to_surf is only used for manipulation of the hexahedra points on the data model level. Gmsh uses points connections and line connections for creating surfaces
-
-        self.hexes = {}
-        self._corner_points = {}
-        self._sur_names = ['x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+']
-        self._op_sign = {'+': '-', '-': '+'}
-        self._sign = {1: '+', -1: '-'}
-
-    def _add_corner_points(self, corner_num, x, y, z, ct):
-        self._corner_points[corner_num] = {'x': x, 'y': y, 'z': z, 'ct': ct}  # ct is channel turn
-
-    def _generate_hexes(self):
-        for h in range(len(self._corner_points[0]['x'])):
-            self.hexes[h] = {}
-            for p_num, p_coor in self._corner_points.items():
-                self.hexes[h][p_num] = {}
-                for coor in ['x', 'y', 'z']:
-                    self.hexes[h][p_num][coor] = p_coor[coor][h]
-            self.hexes[h]['ct'] = p_coor['ct'][h]
-        return p_coor['ct'][h]
-
-    def _add_elem_to_elem(self, start_elem, dir_str, dist):
-        """
-        :param start_elem: idx of start element
-        :param dir_str: direction of adding element, options are: 'x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+'
-        :param dist: length of new element in the direction specified above [m]
-        :return: index of created element
-        """
-        op_dir = dir_str[0] + self._op_sign[dir_str[1]]
-        new_elem = start_elem + math.copysign(1, start_elem)
-        self.hexes[new_elem] = {}
-        source_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(dir_str)]
-        destination_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(op_dir)]
-        for d_p, s_p in zip(destination_points + source_points, source_points + source_points):
-            self.hexes[new_elem][d_p] = copy.deepcopy(self.hexes[start_elem][s_p])
-        for s_p in source_points:  # modif_points:
-            self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][dir_str[0]] = self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][dir_str[0]] + dist
-        self.hexes[new_elem]['ct'] = self.hexes[start_elem]['ct']
-        return new_elem
-
-    def _reorder_and_renumber_hexes(self):
-        self.hexes = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(self.hexes.items()))
-        first_hex_num = list(self.hexes.keys())[0]
-        temp_dict = {}
-        for h_num, h_dict in self.hexes.items():
-            temp_dict[h_num - first_hex_num + 1] = h_dict
-        self.hexes = temp_dict
-        for h_num, h_dict in self.hexes.items():
-            turn = h_dict.pop('ct', None)
-            self.hexes[h_num] = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(h_dict.items()))
-            self.hexes[h_num]['ct'] = turn
-
-
-class Winding(Hexahedrons):
-
-    def __init__(self, cctdm, layer, post_proc=False):
-
-        super(Winding, self).__init__()
-        self.cctdm = cctdm
-        self.layer = layer
-        self.post_proc = post_proc
-        self.z_corr = 0
-        self._populate_corners()
-        self.z_corr = self._center_z_and_offset()
-        self._generate_hexes()
-
-    def _populate_corners(self):
-        r"""
-        Generates hexahedron with 8 corners numbered 0-7. The size of hexahedron is taken from groove size of cct as specified in yaml. The length is from number of elements per turn.
-               y (v)
-            3----------2
-            |\     ^   |\
-            | \    |   | \
-            |  \   |   |  \
-            |   7------+---6
-            |   |  +-- |-- | -> x (u)
-            0---+---\--1   |
-             \  |    \  \  |
-              \ |     \  \ |
-               \|      z(w)\|
-                4----------5
-
-        :return: none
-        """
-        self._sign_of_rot = math.copysign(1, self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas[self.layer])
-        if self._sign_of_rot > 0:
-            corner_seq = {
-                0: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'blcf'
-                1: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'brcf'
-                2: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'trcf'
-                3: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'tlcf'
-                4: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
-                5: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # bottom right corner close      #'brcc'
-                6: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
-                7: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close  #'tlcc'
-            }
-        else:
-            corner_seq = {
-                0: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'trcf'
-                1: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'brcf'
-                2: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'blcf'
-                3: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'tlcf'
-                4: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
-                5: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # bottom right corner close  #'brcc'
-                6: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
-                7: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top left corner close      #'tlcc'
-            }
-        for corner_num, corner_dict in corner_seq.items():
-            self._add_corner_points(corner_num, *self.calc_turns_corner_coords(corner_dict['w_s'], corner_dict['h_s'], far=corner_dict['far']))
-
-    def calc_turns_corner_coords(self, w_s=1, h_s=1, far=False):
-        """
-        Based on https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103041
-        :param h_s: wire height sign
-        :param w_s: wire width sign
-        :param far: for far surface set to True, for close surface set to False. This refers to walls of hexagon.
-        :return:
-        """
-        r_wm = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.r_wms[self.layer]  # radius of winding layer, in the middle of the conductor groove [m]
-        w_i = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.lps[self.layer]  # layer pitch [m]
-        n_turns = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.n_turnss[self.layer]  # number of turns [-]
-        nept = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.ndpts[self.layer] - 1  # number of elements per turn [-]
-        alpha = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas[self.layer] * np.pi / 180  # inclination of the winding [deg]
-        theta_0 = 0  # offset start at theta_0, i.e. angular position of the beginning of the 1st turn[deg]
-        z_0 = 0  # offset start at z_0, i.e. axial position of the beginning of the 1st turn [m]
-        hh = 0.5 * h_s * self.cctdm.geometry.windings.wwhs[self.layer]  # half of h (groove height)
-        hw = 0.5 * w_s * self.cctdm.geometry.windings.wwws[self.layer]  # half of w (groove width)
-        tot_angle = 2 * np.pi * (n_turns + 1 / nept)
-        tot_points = int(nept * n_turns) + 1
-        if alpha > 0:
-            theta = np.linspace(0, tot_angle, tot_points, endpoint=False)
-        else:
-            theta = np.linspace(0 + np.pi, tot_angle + np.pi, tot_points, endpoint=False)  # this rotates terminals for opposite inclination to be on the opposite side
-        if far:
-            theta = theta[1:]  # give all points but the first one, so the far surface can be created
-        else:
-            theta = theta[:-1]  # give all the points but the last one so a near surface can be created
-        if theta.size < 2:
-            raise ValueError(f'Combination of number of division points per turn (ndpts) and number of turns (n_turnss) must result in at least 2 Hexahedrons, but inputs result in only {theta.size}!')
-        C = r_wm * np.arctan(alpha) * np.cos(theta - theta_0) + w_i / (2 * np.pi)
-        D = np.sqrt(r_wm ** 2 + np.square(C))
-        # --  x, y, z points coordinates
-        xs = (r_wm + hh) * np.cos(theta) - np.sin(theta) * hw * C / D
-        ys = (r_wm + hh) * np.sin(theta) + np.cos(theta) * hw * C / D
-        zs = r_wm * np.sin(theta - theta_0) / np.tan(alpha) + w_i * (theta - theta_0) / (2 * np.pi) + z_0 - hw * r_wm / D  # original formula
-        if alpha > 0:
-            channel_turn = np.ceil((theta - 2 * np.pi / (nept + 1)) / (2 * np.pi))
-            # channel_turn[0] = channel_turn[1]  # make the hex at theta 0 to belong to the first turn.
-        else:
-            channel_turn = np.ceil((theta - np.pi - 2 * np.pi / (nept + 1)) / (2 * np.pi))
-        channel_turn[0] = channel_turn[1]  # make the hex at theta 0 to belong to the first turn.
-        return xs.tolist(), ys.tolist(), zs.tolist(), list(map(int, channel_turn))
-
-    def _center_z_and_offset(self, offset=0):
-        z_mins = []
-        z_maxs = []
-        for c_val in self._corner_points.values():
-            z_mins.append(np.min(c_val['z']))
-            z_maxs.append(np.max(c_val['z']))
-        z_min_wind = np.min(np.array(z_mins))
-        z_max_wind = np.max(np.array(z_maxs))
-        z_centre = (z_min_wind + z_max_wind) / 2
-        if not self.post_proc:
-            for c_key, c_val in self._corner_points.items():
-                self._corner_points[c_key]['z'] = (c_val['z'] - z_centre + offset).tolist()
-        z_mins = []
-        z_maxs = []
-        for c_val in self._corner_points.values():
-            z_mins.append(np.min(c_val['z']))
-            z_maxs.append(np.max(c_val['z']))
-        self.z_min_winding_layer = np.min(np.array(z_mins))
-        self.z_max_winding_layer = np.max(np.array(z_maxs))
-        return z_centre + offset
-
-
-class FQPL(Hexahedrons):
-    def __init__(self, cctdm, layer):
-        """
-        FQPL hex generator
-        :param cctdm: cct data model object parsed from yaml input file
-        :param layer:   loop number, integer
-        """
-        super(FQPL, self).__init__()
-        self.cctdm = cctdm
-        self.layer = layer
-        self._calc_z_unit_len()
-        self._populate_corners()
-        self._generate_hexes()
-        self._generate_fqpl()
-        self._rotate_fqpl()
-        self._reorder_and_renumber_hexes()
-        self._clean_attr()
-
-    def _calc_z_unit_len(self):
-        if self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_starts[self.layer] == 'z_min':
-            self.near = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min
-            self.z_unit_len = (self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_ends[self.layer] - self.near - self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwws[self.layer]) / self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer]
-
-        elif self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_starts[self.layer] == 'z_max':
-            self.near = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max
-            self.z_unit_len = (self.near - self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_ends[self.layer] - self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwws[self.layer]) / self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer]
-        else:
-            raise ValueError(f'fqpl.z_starts parameter must be a string equal to z_min or z_max, but {self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_starts[self.layer]} was given!')
-
-        self.extrusion_sign = math.copysign(1, self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_ends[self.layer] - self.near)
-
-    def _calc_first_corner_coords(self, w_s, h_s, far, offset):
-        x = [self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.r_ins[self.layer] + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwhs[self.layer] * h_s]  # not rotated coordinate
-        y = [self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwws[self.layer] * w_s]  # not rotated coordinate
-        if far:
-            z = [self.near - self.z_unit_len + offset]
-        else:
-            z = [self.near + offset]
-        return x, y, z, [1]
-
-    def _populate_corners(self):
-        r"""
-        Generates hexahedron with 8 corners numbered 0-7. The size of hexahedron is taken from groove size of cct as specified in yaml. The length is from number of elements per turn.
-               y (v)
-            3----------2
-            |\     ^   |\
-            | \    |   | \
-            |  \   |   |  \
-            |   7------+---6
-            |   |  +-- |-- | -> x (u)
-            0---+---\--1   |
-             \  |    \  \  |
-              \ |     \  \ |
-               \|      z(w)\|
-                4----------5
-
-        :return: none
-        """
-        if self.extrusion_sign > 0:
-            offset = self.z_unit_len
-            corner_seq = {
-                0: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # 'blcf'
-                1: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # 'tlcf'
-                2: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # 'trcf'
-                3: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # 'brcf'
-                4: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
-                5: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # top left corner close      #'tlcc'
-                6: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
-                7: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # bottom right corner close  #'brcc'
-            }
-        else:
-            offset = 0
-            corner_seq = {
-                0: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # 'blcf'
-                1: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'tlcf'
-                2: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'trcf'
-                3: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # 'brcf'
-                4: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
-                5: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top left corner close      #'tlcc'
-                6: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
-                7: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # bottom right corner close  #'brcc'
-            }
-        for corner_num, corner_dict in corner_seq.items():
-            self._add_corner_points(corner_num, *self._calc_first_corner_coords(corner_dict['w_s'], corner_dict['h_s'], corner_dict['far'], offset))
-
-    def _get_ref_point(self, elem_number, surf_n_dir_str, coord, dist):
-        """
-        Gets center point for a surface 'pointing' in the direction surf_n_dir_str of hex with elem_number. It then moves that point into along coordinate coord and by distance dist
-        :param elem_number: hex number to take the surface from
-        :param surf_n_dir_str: 'direction of surface' (kind of normal), options are: 'x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+'
-        :param coord: direction to more the point in, options are: 'x', 'y', 'z'
-        :param dist: distance to move the point, this is positive or negative float
-        :return:
-        """
-        source_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(surf_n_dir_str)]  # get the indexes 4 points for the surface points in direction surf_n_dir_str
-        points_coor = [self.hexes[elem_number][point] for point in source_points]  # get the points, they contain coordinates
-        xs = []
-        ys = []
-        zs = []
-        for point in points_coor:  # get coordinates into list for each axis
-            for cor_list, coor in zip([xs, ys, zs], ['x', 'y', 'z']):
-                cor_list.append(point[coor])
-        p = {'x': np.mean(xs), 'y': np.mean(ys), 'z': np.mean(zs)}  # get averages of each axis coordinate, giving the center of the surface
-        p[coord] = p[coord] + dist
-        return p
-
-    def _add_elem_with_rot(self, elem_number, surf_n_dir_str, add_ax, angle, ref_p_coor):
-        """
-        :param elem_number: idx of start element
-        :param surf_n_dir_str: direction of adding element, options are: 'x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+'
-        :param ref_p_coor: length of new element in the direction specified above [m]
-        :return: index of created element
-        """
-        mod_coor = [surf_n_dir_str[0], add_ax]
-        # mod_coor.remove(surf_n_dir_str[0])  # get the other two coordinates that arenet the direction of the surface to take
-
-        angle_rad = np.deg2rad(angle)
-        op_dir = surf_n_dir_str[0] + self._op_sign[surf_n_dir_str[1]]
-        new_elem = elem_number + math.copysign(1, elem_number)
-        self.hexes[new_elem] = {}
-        source_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(surf_n_dir_str)]
-        destination_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(op_dir)]
-        for d_p, s_p in zip(destination_points + source_points, source_points + source_points):
-            self.hexes[new_elem][d_p] = copy.deepcopy(self.hexes[elem_number][s_p])
-        for s_p in source_points:  # modif_points:
-            v1 = self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[0]]
-            v2 = self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[1]]
-            v1_ofset = ref_p_coor[mod_coor[0]]
-            v2_ofset = ref_p_coor[mod_coor[1]]
-            v1 = v1 - v1_ofset
-            v2 = v2 - v2_ofset
-            v1_new = np.cos(angle_rad) * v1 - np.sin(angle_rad) * v2
-            v2_new = np.sin(angle_rad) * v1 + np.cos(angle_rad) * v2
-            v1 = v1_new + v1_ofset
-            v2 = v2_new + v2_ofset
-            self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[0]] = v1
-            self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[1]] = v2
-        self.hexes[new_elem]['ct'] = self.hexes[elem_number]['ct']
-        return new_elem
-
-    def _generate_fqpl(self):
-        new_elem = self._add_elem_to_elem(0, 'z+', self.extrusion_sign * self.z_unit_len)
-        for _ in range(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer] - 2):
-            new_elem = self._add_elem_to_elem(new_elem, 'z+', self.extrusion_sign * self.z_unit_len)
-        coord = 'x'
-        ref_point = self._get_ref_point(new_elem, 'z+', coord, self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.r_bs[self.layer])  # centre of rotation pint.
-        n_seg = 10
-        angle = 180 / n_seg
-        for _ in range(n_seg):
-            new_elem = self._add_elem_with_rot(new_elem, 'z+', coord, self.extrusion_sign * angle, ref_point)
-        for _ in range(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer]):
-            new_elem = self._add_elem_to_elem(new_elem, 'z+', -self.extrusion_sign * self.z_unit_len)
-
-    def _rotate_fqpl(self):
-        for h_num, h_dict in self.hexes.items():
-            channel_turn = h_dict.pop('ct', None)
-            for p_num, p_dict in h_dict.items():
-                xx = p_dict['x']
-                yy = p_dict['y']
-                x = xx * np.cos(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer])) - yy * np.sin(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer]))  # rotated coordinate
-                y = xx * np.sin(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer])) + yy * np.cos(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer]))  # rotated coordinate
-                self.hexes[h_num][p_num]['x'] = x
-                self.hexes[h_num][p_num]['y'] = y
-            self.hexes[h_num]['ct'] = channel_turn
-
-    def _clean_attr(self):
-        del self.cctdm
-        del self.layer
-        del self.near
-        del self.z_unit_len
-
-
-class Generate_BREPs:
-    def __init__(self, fdm, verbose=True):
-        """
-        Class to generate (build) Windings and Formers (WF) of a canted cosine theta (CCT) magnet and save them to brep files
-        :param fdm: fiqus data model
-        :param verbose: If True more information is printed in python console.
-        """
-        self.cctdm = fdm.magnet
-        self.model_folder = os.path.join(os.getcwd())
-        self.magnet_name = fdm.general.magnet_name
-
-        self.verbose = verbose
-        self.cctwi = WindingsInformation()
-        self.cctwi.magnet_name = self.magnet_name
-        self.transl_dict = {'vol': '', 'surf': '_bd', 'surf_in': '_in', 'surf_out': '_out', 'cochain': '_cut'}
-        self.gu = GmshUtils(self.model_folder, self.verbose)
-        self.gu.initialize()
-        self.formers = []
-        self.air = []
-        gmsh.option.setString('Geometry.OCCTargetUnit', 'M')
-
-    def generate_windings_or_fqpls(self, type_str):
-        """
-        Generates windings brep files, as many as number of entries in the yaml file for windings.
-        :param type_str: What to generate, options are: 'windings' or 'fqpls'
-        :return: None, saves brep to disk
-        """
-        if self.verbose:
-            print(f'Generating {type_str} started')
-            start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-
-        def generate_geom(worf_in, names_in):
-            worf_tags_dict_in = {}
-            for worf_num, worf_in in enumerate(worf_in):
-                worf_tags_dict_in[worf_num] = self.generate_hex_geom(worf_in)
-                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-                gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{names_in[worf_num]}.brep'))
-                gmsh.clear()
-            return worf_tags_dict_in
-
-        if self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names and type_str == 'windings':
-            worf = [Winding(self.cctdm, i) for i, _ in enumerate(self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names)]        # worf = winding or fqpl
-            names = [name for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names]
-            for w in worf:
-                if self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min > w.z_min_winding_layer or w.z_max_winding_layer > self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max:
-                    raise ValueError(f'{self.cctdm.geometry.air.name} region dimensions are too s mall to fit the windings turns. Please extend z_min and/or z_max')
-                else:
-                    pass
-            worf_tags_dict = generate_geom(worf, names)
-
-        if self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names and type_str == 'fqpls':
-            worf = [FQPL(self.cctdm, i) for i, _ in enumerate(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names)]  # worf = winding or fqpl
-            names = [name for name in self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
-            worf_tags_dict = generate_geom(worf, names)
-
-        w_z_maxs = []
-        w_z_mins = []
-        if type_str == 'windings':
-            for winding in worf:
-                w_z_maxs.append(winding.z_max_winding_layer)
-                w_z_mins.append(winding.z_min_winding_layer)
-            self.cctwi.windings_avg_length = float(np.mean(w_z_maxs) - np.mean(w_z_mins))
-            self.cctwi.windings.names = names
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_st = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_st = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_st = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_st = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_et = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_et = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_et = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_et = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_et = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_et = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.ndpterms = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.ndpt_ins
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.ndpterms = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.ndpt_outs
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.z_air = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.z_air = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max
-            for winding_num, winding_dict in worf_tags_dict.items():
-                first_vol = list(winding_dict.keys())[0]
-                last_vol = list(winding_dict.keys())[-1]
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_st.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['v_t'])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_st.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['sf_ts'][0])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_st.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['v_t'])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_st.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['sf_ts'][2])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_et.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['v_t'])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_et.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['sf_ts'][0])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_et.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['v_t'])
-                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_et.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['sf_ts'][2])
-
-            lc_st_neg_alpha = [[1, 0], [0, 3], [3, 2], [2, 1], [6, 4], [4, 5], [5, 7], [7, 6], [1, 6], [0, 4], [3, 5], [2, 7]]
-            lc_st_pos_alpha = [[3, 1], [1, 0], [0, 2], [2, 3], [7, 4], [4, 5], [5, 6], [6, 7], [3, 7], [1, 4], [0, 5], [2, 6]]
-            lc_et_neg_alpha = [[5, 7], [7, 6], [6, 4], [4, 5], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [0, 1], [5, 1], [7, 3], [6, 2], [4, 0]]
-            lc_et_pos_alpha = [[5, 7], [7, 6], [6, 4], [4, 5], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [0, 1], [5, 1], [7, 3], [6, 2], [4, 0]]
-            # [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 1], [5, 6], [6, 7], [7, 8], [8, 5], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7], [4, 8]]
-            # [[2, 1], [1, 4], [4, 3], [3, 2], [6, 5], [5, 8], [8, 7], [7, 6], [2, 6], [1, 5], [4, 8], [3, 7]]
-
-            lc_et_pos_corr = [[1, 0], [0, 3], [3, 2], [2, 1], [5, 4], [4, 7], [7, 6], [6, 5], [1, 5], [0, 4], [3, 7], [2, 6]]
-
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_st = []
-            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_st = []
-            for alpha in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas:
-                if alpha > 0:
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_st.append(lc_st_pos_alpha)
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_st.append(lc_st_pos_alpha)
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_et.append(lc_et_pos_corr)
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_et.append(lc_et_pos_alpha)
-                else:
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_st.append(lc_st_neg_alpha)
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_st.append(lc_st_neg_alpha)
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_et.append(lc_et_neg_alpha)
-                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_et.append(lc_et_pos_corr)
-
-        if self.verbose:
-            print(f'Generating {type_str} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-
-    def save_volume_info(self):
-        if self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
-            fqpls = self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names
-        else:
-            fqpls = []
-
-        self.cctwi.w_names = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names
-        self.cctwi.f_names = fqpls
-        self.cctwi.formers = self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names
-        self.cctwi.air = self.cctdm.geometry.air.name
-
-        volume_info_file = os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctwi.magnet_name}.wi')
-        uff.write_data_to_yaml(volume_info_file, self.cctwi.dict())
-
-    def generate_formers(self):
-        if self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_ins:
-            if self.verbose:
-                print('Generating Formers Started')
-                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-
-            for f_i, _ in enumerate(self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_ins):
-                z = self.cctdm.geometry.formers.z_mins[f_i]
-                dz = self.cctdm.geometry.formers.z_maxs[f_i] - self.cctdm.geometry.formers.z_mins[f_i]
-                cylin_out = (3, gmsh.model.occ.addCylinder(0, 0, z, 0, 0, dz, self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_outs[f_i], angle=2 * math.pi))  # add cylinder to align to existing bodies in the pro file
-                cylin_in = (3, gmsh.model.occ.addCylinder(0, 0, z, 0, 0, dz, self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_ins[f_i], angle=2 * math.pi))  # add another cylinder to subtract from the first one to make a tube
-                cylinder = gmsh.model.occ.cut([cylin_out], [cylin_in], removeObject=True)  # subtract cylinders to make a tube
-                self.formers.append(cylinder[0][0])  # keep just the tag and append
-                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-                gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names[f_i]}.brep'))
-                gmsh.clear()
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Generating formers took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-
-    def generate_air(self):
-        if self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar:
-            if self.verbose:
-                print('Generating air started')
-                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-            if self.cctdm.geometry.air.sh_type == 'cylinder':
-                self.air = [(3, gmsh.model.occ.addCylinder(0, 0, self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min, 0, 0, self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max - self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min, self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar, angle=2 * math.pi))]
-            elif self.cctdm.geometry.air.sh_type == 'cuboid':
-                air_box_size = [-self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar / 2, -self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar / 2, self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min, self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar, self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar,
-                                self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max - self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min]  # list of box size with: x, y, z, dx, dy, dz
-                self.air = [(3, gmsh.model.occ.addBox(*air_box_size))]
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(f'Shape type: {self.cctdm.geometry.air.sh_type} is not supported!')
-            gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-            gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctdm.geometry.air.name}.brep'))
-            gmsh.clear()
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Generating air took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-
-    def generate_regions_file(self):
-        if self.verbose:
-            print('Generating Regions File Started')
-            start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-        cctrm = Reg_Mod_FiQ.RegionsModel()
-        vrt = 1000000  # volume region tag start
-        srt = 2000000  # surface region tag start
-        lrt = 3000000  # line region tag start
-        # -------- powered ----------
-        # volumes
-        cctrm.powered['cct'] = Reg_Mod_FiQ.Powered()
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.names = [name + self.transl_dict['vol'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.currents = self.cctdm.solve.windings.currents + self.cctdm.solve.fqpls.currents
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.sigmas = self.cctdm.solve.windings.sigmas + self.cctdm.solve.fqpls.sigmas
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.mu_rs = self.cctdm.solve.windings.mu_rs + self.cctdm.solve.fqpls.mu_rs
-        reg = []
-        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
-            reg.append(vrt)
-            vrt += 1
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.numbers = reg
-        # surfaces
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_in.names = [name + self.transl_dict['surf_in'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_out.names = [name + self.transl_dict['surf_out'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
-        reg = []
-        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
-            reg.append(srt)
-            srt += 1
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_in.numbers = reg
-        reg = []
-        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
-            reg.append(srt)
-            srt += 1
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_out.numbers = reg
-
-        # -------- induced ----------
-        # volumes
-        cctrm.induced['cct'] = Reg_Mod_FiQ.Induced()
-        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.names = [name + self.transl_dict['vol'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names]
-        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.sigmas = self.cctdm.solve.formers.sigmas
-        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.mu_rs = self.cctdm.solve.formers.mu_rs
-        reg = []
-        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names:
-            reg.append(vrt)
-            vrt += 1
-        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.numbers = reg
-
-        # -------- air ----------
-        # volumes
-        cctrm.air.vol.name = self.cctdm.geometry.air.name + self.transl_dict['vol']
-        cctrm.air.vol.sigma = self.cctdm.solve.air.sigma
-        cctrm.air.vol.mu_r = self.cctdm.solve.air.mu_r
-        cctrm.air.vol.number = vrt
-        vrt += 1
-
-        # surface
-        cctrm.air.surf.name = self.cctdm.geometry.air.name + self.transl_dict['surf']
-        cctrm.air.surf.number = srt
-        srt += 1
-
-        # # center line
-        # cctrm.air.line.name = 'Center_line'
-        # cctrm.air.line.number = lrt
-        # lrt += 1
-        lrt = srt
-
-        # --------- cuts -------
-        # these need to be done at the end with the highest surface tags
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].cochain.names = [name + self.transl_dict['cochain'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
-        reg = []
-        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
-            reg.append(lrt)
-            lrt += 1
-        cctrm.powered['cct'].cochain.numbers = reg
-        # induced cuts
-        cctrm.induced['cct'].cochain.names = [name + self.transl_dict['cochain'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names]
-        reg = []
-        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names:
-            reg.append(lrt)
-            lrt += 1
-        cctrm.induced['cct'].cochain.numbers = reg
-
-        uff.write_data_to_yaml(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctwi.magnet_name}.regions'), cctrm.dict())
-
-        if self.verbose:
-            print(f'Generating Regions File Took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def generate_hex_geom(hexes_dict,
-                          cons_for_lines=[[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 0], [4, 5], [5, 6], [6, 7], [7, 4], [0, 4], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7]],
-                          vol_tag=-1):
-        """
-        Generates hexahedra volumes from data in hexes dict
-        :param hexes_dict: dictionary of data generated by either Winding or FQPL class in Hexahedrons.py
-        :param cons_for_lines: line connection defined as list of list in terms of point numbers to connect in the hexahedron
-        :param vol_tag: volume tag to use for generated volume of hexahedron
-        :return: dictionary with tags of created volumes, surface loops, surface fillings, closed loops, lines, points and channel turn (i.e. turn number of CCT winding).
-        """
-        tags_dict = {}
-        for h_num, h_dict in hexes_dict.hexes.items():
-            p_ts = []  # Point tags
-            channel_turn = h_dict.pop('ct', None)
-            for p_num, p_dict in h_dict.items():
-                p_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addPoint(p_dict['x'], p_dict['y'], p_dict['z']))
-
-            l_ts = []   # Line tags
-            for p_c in cons_for_lines:  # point connections to make a line
-                l_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addLine(p_ts[p_c[0]], p_ts[p_c[1]]))
-
-            cl_ts = []  # Curved Loops tags
-            for l_c in [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [3, 8, 7, 11], [1, 9, 5, 10], [0, 8, 4, 9], [2, 11, 6, 10]]:  # line connections to make a curved loop
-                cl_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addCurveLoop([l_ts[l_c[0]], l_ts[l_c[1]], l_ts[l_c[2]], l_ts[l_c[3]]]))
-            sf_ts = []  # Surface Filling tags
-            for cl_t in cl_ts:
-                sf_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addSurfaceFilling(cl_t, degree=3, tol2d=0.000001, tol3d=0.00001, tolAng=0.001, tolCurv=0.05))
-            sl_t = gmsh.model.occ.addSurfaceLoop(sf_ts, sewing=True)
-            v_t = gmsh.model.occ.addVolume([sl_t], vol_tag)
-            tags_dict[int(h_num)] = {'v_t': v_t, 'sl_t': sl_t, 'sf_ts': sf_ts, 'cl_ts': cl_ts, 'l_ts': l_ts, 'p_ts': p_ts, 'ct': channel_turn}
-        return tags_dict
-
-
-class Prepare_BREPs:
-    def __init__(self, fdm, verbose=True) -> object:
-        """
-        Class to preparing brep files by adding terminals.
-        :param fdm: FiQuS data model
-        :param verbose: If True more information is printed in python console.
-        """
-
-        self.cctdm = fdm.magnet
-        self.model_folder = os.path.join(os.getcwd())
-        self.magnet_name = fdm.general.magnet_name
-
-        self.verbose = verbose
-        self.winding_info_file = os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.magnet_name}.wi')
-        self.cctwi = uff.read_data_from_yaml(self.winding_info_file, WindingsInformation)
-        self.gu = GmshUtils(self.model_folder, self.verbose)
-        self.gu.initialize()
-        self.model_file = os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.magnet_name}.brep')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_pts_for_sts(surface_tags):
-        """
-        Get point tags for surface tags
-        :param surface_tags: list of surface tags to get point tags
-        :return: list of point tags belonging to the surfaces in the list
-        """
-        vol_line_tags = []
-        vol_line_tags_i = 0
-        vol_line_tags_idx = []
-        for surf_tag in surface_tags:
-            line_tags_new = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(2, surf_tag)[1]
-            for line_tag in line_tags_new:
-                vol_line_tags_i += 1
-                if line_tag not in vol_line_tags:
-                    vol_line_tags.append(line_tag)
-                    vol_line_tags_idx.append(vol_line_tags_i)
-        point_tags = []
-        point_tags_i = 0
-        point_tags_idx = []
-        for line_tag in vol_line_tags:
-            point_tags_new = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(1, line_tag)[1]
-            for point_tag in point_tags_new:
-                point_tags_i += 1
-                if point_tag not in point_tags:
-                    point_tags.append(point_tag)
-                    point_tags_idx.append(point_tags_i)
-        return point_tags, vol_line_tags_idx, point_tags_idx
-
-    def straighten_terminal(self, gui=False):
-        """
-        Extends winding geom_generators to the air region boundary by extending the geom_generators with 'terminals' geom_generators up to the air boundary surfaces
-        By default this extends along the z axis and makes the final surface normal to the z axis.
-        :return: None, saves breps with straighten terminals to disk
-        """
-
-        for i, name in enumerate(self.cctwi.windings.names):
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Straightening terminals of {name} started')
-                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-            gmsh.open(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}.brep'))
-            for terminal in [self.cctwi.windings.t_in, self.cctwi.windings.t_out]:
-                vol_tag = terminal.vol_st[i]
-                vol_surf_tags = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(3, vol_tag)[1]
-                surf_tag = terminal.surf_st[i]
-                if surf_tag not in vol_surf_tags:
-                    raise ValueError(f'Surface tag of {surf_tag} given for volume in of {vol_tag} does not belong to the volume!')
-                # surf_point_tags = self.get_pts_for_sts([surf_tag])      # only 'powered' surface
-                surf_point_tags, surf_line_tags_idx, surf_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts([surf_tag])  # only 'powered' surface
-                vol_point_tags, vol_line_tags_idx, vol_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts(vol_surf_tags)  # all tags of hex
-                vol_point_dict = {}
-                for p_tag in vol_point_tags:
-                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
-                    vol_point_dict[p_tag] = {'x': (xmin + xmax) / 2, 'y': (ymin + ymax) / 2, 'z': (zmin + zmax) / 2}
-                z = []
-                y = []
-                x = []
-                for p_tag in surf_point_tags:  # calculate average z position for the terminal surface
-                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
-                    x.append((xmin + xmax) / 2)
-                    y.append((ymin + ymax) / 2)
-                    z.append((zmin + zmax) / 2)
-                x_avg = np.mean(x)
-                y_avg = np.mean(y)
-                z_avg = np.mean(z)
-                sign_x = [math.copysign(1, x_i - x_avg) for x_i in x]
-                sign_y = [math.copysign(1, y_i - y_avg) for y_i in y]
-                dist_x = []
-                dist_y = []
-                for j in range(len(x) - 1):
-                    dist_x.append(math.sqrt((x[j] - x[j + 1]) ** 2))
-                    dist_y.append(math.sqrt((y[j] - y[j + 1]) ** 2))
-                eq_len = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.wwhs[i] / 2
-                y_shift_sign = math.copysign(1, -terminal.z_air * self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas[i])
-                new_x = [x_avg + s_x * eq_len for s_x in sign_x]
-                new_y = [y_avg + s_y * eq_len + y_shift_sign * eq_len - y_shift_sign * dist_y[0] / 2 for s_y in sign_y]
-                for p_tag, x_n, y_n in zip(surf_point_tags, new_x, new_y):  # assign z_avg to only points on the terminal surface
-                    vol_point_dict[p_tag]['x'] = x_n
-                    vol_point_dict[p_tag]['y'] = y_n
-                    vol_point_dict[p_tag]['z'] = z_avg
-                gmsh.model.occ.remove([(3, terminal.vol_st[i])], recursive=True)
-                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-                hexes = Hexahedrons()  # create hex class instance to be able to reuse existing code for generating hexes geom_generators
-                hexes.hexes[0] = {}  # only one winding layer is involved per iteration, so hardcoded 0 index
-                for p_i, (_, p_dict) in enumerate(vol_point_dict.items()):
-                    hexes.hexes[0][p_i] = p_dict
-                Generate_BREPs.generate_hex_geom(hexes, cons_for_lines=terminal.lc_st[i], vol_tag=terminal.vol_st[i])
-                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-            gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}.brep'))
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Straightening terminals of {name} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-        # uff.write_data_to_yaml(self.winding_info_yaml_path, self.cctvi.dict())
-        if gui:
-            gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
-        else:
-            gmsh.clear()
-
-    def extend_terms(self, operation='extend', gui=False, ):
-        self.cctwi = uff.read_data_from_yaml(self.winding_info_file, WindingsInformation)  # this is repeated as the operation over the data for the case add, so an original data for extend operation needs to be loaded.
-        if operation == 'add':
-            for terminal in [self.cctwi.windings.t_in, self.cctwi.windings.t_out]:
-                terminal.ndpterms = [1] * len(terminal.ndpterms)
-                terminal.z_air = terminal.z_add
-        elif operation == 'extend':
-            pass
-        file_in_postfix = ''
-        file_out_postfix = ''
-        for i, name in enumerate(self.cctwi.windings.names):
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Extending terminals of {name} started')
-                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-            gmsh.open(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}{file_in_postfix}.brep'))
-            volumes = [vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)]
-            for oper, terminal in enumerate([self.cctwi.windings.t_in, self.cctwi.windings.t_out]):
-                vol_tag = terminal.vol_et[i]
-                vol_surf_tags = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(3, vol_tag)[1]
-                surf_tag = terminal.surf_et[i]
-                if surf_tag not in vol_surf_tags:
-                    raise ValueError(f'Surface tag of {surf_tag} given for volume in of {vol_tag} does not belong to the volume!')
-                surf_point_tags, surf_line_tags_idx, surf_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts([surf_tag])
-                surf_point_tags = sorted(surf_point_tags)
-                vol_point_tags, vol_line_tags_idx, vol_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts(vol_surf_tags)
-                vol_point_tags = sorted(vol_point_tags)
-                surf_point_tags_idx_pw = [i for i, e in enumerate(vol_point_tags) if e in set(surf_point_tags)]  # powered
-                surf_point_tags_idx_oth = [i for i, e in enumerate(vol_point_tags) if e not in set(surf_point_tags)]  # other (opposite powered)
-                vol_point_dict = {}
-                for idx_pw, p_tag in zip(surf_point_tags_idx_pw, surf_point_tags):
-                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
-                    vol_point_dict[idx_pw] = {'x': (xmin + xmax) / 2, 'y': (ymin + ymax) / 2, 'z': (zmin + zmax) / 2}
-                z_ext = round((terminal.z_air - zmin) / terminal.ndpterms[i], 8)
-                for idx_oth, p_tag in zip(surf_point_tags_idx_oth, surf_point_tags):
-                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
-                    vol_point_dict[idx_oth] = {'x': (xmin + xmax) / 2, 'y': (ymin + ymax) / 2, 'z': (zmin + zmax) / 2 + z_ext}
-                hexes = Hexahedrons()  # create hex class instance to be able to reuse existing code for generating hexes geom_generators
-                for h in range(terminal.ndpterms[i]):
-                    hexes.hexes[h] = {}
-                    for p_i, (_, p_dict) in enumerate(vol_point_dict.items()):
-                        hexes.hexes[h][p_i] = copy.deepcopy(p_dict)
-                    for p_t, p_dict in vol_point_dict.items():
-                        p_dict['z'] = p_dict['z'] + z_ext
-                for idx_oth in range(4, 8):
-                    z_air = terminal.z_air
-                    hexes.hexes[h][idx_oth]['z'] = z_air
-                tags_dict = Generate_BREPs.generate_hex_geom(hexes, cons_for_lines=terminal.lc_et[i], vol_tag=-1)
-                new_volumes = []
-                for _, hex_dict in tags_dict.items():
-                    new_volumes.append(hex_dict['v_t'])
-                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-                if oper == 0:  # this vol_in is needed for reordering volumes later
-                    vol_in = new_volumes
-            renumbered_vols = []
-            other_vols = list(set(volumes) - set(vol_in))
-            max_tag = gmsh.model.occ.getMaxTag(3)
-            for vol in other_vols:
-                gmsh.model.setTag(3, vol, vol + max_tag)
-                renumbered_vols.append(vol + max_tag)
-            for n_tag, vol in enumerate(reversed(vol_in)):
-                gmsh.model.setTag(3, vol, n_tag + 1)
-            max_term_tag = len(vol_in) + 1
-            spiral_volumes = []
-            for n_tag, vol in enumerate(renumbered_vols):
-                gmsh.model.setTag(3, vol, n_tag + max_term_tag)
-                spiral_volumes.append(n_tag + max_term_tag)
-            gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}{file_out_postfix}.brep'))
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Straightening terminals of {name} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-                print(f'Writing volume information file: {name}.vi ')
-            vi = {'export': spiral_volumes, 'all': [vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)]}
-            json.dump(vi, open(f"{os.path.join(self.model_folder, name)}.vi", 'w'))
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Done writing volume information file: {name}.vi ')
-        if gui:
-            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
-        else:
-            gmsh.clear()
-
-    def save_fqpl_vi(self):
-        for f_name in self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Writing volume information file: {f_name}.vi ')
-            gmsh.open(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{f_name}.brep'))
-            volumes = [vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)]
-            export = volumes
-            vi = {'export': export, 'all': volumes}
-            json.dump(vi, open(f"{os.path.join(self.model_folder, f_name)}.vi", 'w'))
-            if self.verbose:
-                print(f'Done writing volume information file: {f_name}.vi ')
-        gmsh.clear()
-
-    def fragment(self, gui=False):
-        if self.verbose:
-            print('Loading files in preparation for fragment operation')
-        for f_name in self.cctwi.w_names + self.cctwi.f_names:
-            gmsh.merge(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{f_name}.brep'))
-        num_vol = np.max([vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)])
-        for f_name in self.cctwi.formers:
-            gmsh.merge(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{f_name}.brep'))
-            num_vol += 1
-        gmsh.merge(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctwi.air}.brep'))
-        num_vol += 1
-        entities = gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)
-        if len(entities) != num_vol:
-            raise ValueError('Not consistent volumes numbers in brep and json files!')
-        objectDimTags = [entities[-1]]
-        toolDimTags = entities[:-1]
-        # central_line = [(1, 3898)]
-        # toolDimTags = toolDimTags+central_line
-        if self.verbose:
-            print(f'Fragmenting {self.magnet_name} started')
-            start_time = timeit.default_timer()
-        gmsh.model.occ.fragment(objectDimTags, toolDimTags, removeObject=True, removeTool=True)
-        gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
-        if self.verbose:
-            print(f'Fragmenting {self.magnet_name} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
-
-        gmsh.write(self.model_file)
-        if gui:
-            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
-        else:
-            gmsh.clear()
-            gmsh.finalize()
-
-    def load_geometry(self, gui=False):
-        gmsh.open(self.model_file)
-        if gui:
-            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
+import os
+import copy
+import math
+import collections
+import logging
+
+import json
+import timeit
+import numpy as np
+import gmsh
+
+from fiqus.data import RegionsModelFiQuS as Reg_Mod_FiQ
+from fiqus.data.DataWindingsCCT import WindingsInformation  # for winding information
+from fiqus.utils.Utils import FilesAndFolders as uff
+from fiqus.utils.Utils import GmshUtils
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+class Hexahedrons:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Points generator for CCT windings to give hexahedron volumes for hexahedron meshing in Gmsh.
+        """
+        self.vertices_to_surf = [[0, 4, 7, 3], [1, 5, 6, 2], [1, 5, 4, 0], [2, 6, 7, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]]
+        # Node ordering following Gmsh for hexahedron https://gmsh.info/doc/texinfo/gmsh.html#Legacy-formats --> node ordering
+        # above _vertices_to_surf is only used for manipulation of the hexahedra points on the data model level. Gmsh uses points connections and line connections for creating surfaces
+
+        self.hexes = {}
+        self._corner_points = {}
+        self._sur_names = ['x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+']
+        self._op_sign = {'+': '-', '-': '+'}
+        self._sign = {1: '+', -1: '-'}
+
+    def _add_corner_points(self, corner_num, x, y, z, ct):
+        self._corner_points[corner_num] = {'x': x, 'y': y, 'z': z, 'ct': ct}  # ct is channel turn
+
+    def _generate_hexes(self):
+        for h in range(len(self._corner_points[0]['x'])):
+            self.hexes[h] = {}
+            for p_num, p_coor in self._corner_points.items():
+                self.hexes[h][p_num] = {}
+                for coor in ['x', 'y', 'z']:
+                    self.hexes[h][p_num][coor] = p_coor[coor][h]
+            self.hexes[h]['ct'] = p_coor['ct'][h]
+        return p_coor['ct'][h]
+
+    def _add_elem_to_elem(self, start_elem, dir_str, dist):
+        """
+        :param start_elem: idx of start element
+        :param dir_str: direction of adding element, options are: 'x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+'
+        :param dist: length of new element in the direction specified above [m]
+        :return: index of created element
+        """
+        op_dir = dir_str[0] + self._op_sign[dir_str[1]]
+        new_elem = start_elem + math.copysign(1, start_elem)
+        self.hexes[new_elem] = {}
+        source_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(dir_str)]
+        destination_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(op_dir)]
+        for d_p, s_p in zip(destination_points + source_points, source_points + source_points):
+            self.hexes[new_elem][d_p] = copy.deepcopy(self.hexes[start_elem][s_p])
+        for s_p in source_points:  # modif_points:
+            self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][dir_str[0]] = self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][dir_str[0]] + dist
+        self.hexes[new_elem]['ct'] = self.hexes[start_elem]['ct']
+        return new_elem
+
+    def _reorder_and_renumber_hexes(self):
+        self.hexes = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(self.hexes.items()))
+        first_hex_num = list(self.hexes.keys())[0]
+        temp_dict = {}
+        for h_num, h_dict in self.hexes.items():
+            temp_dict[h_num - first_hex_num + 1] = h_dict
+        self.hexes = temp_dict
+        for h_num, h_dict in self.hexes.items():
+            turn = h_dict.pop('ct', None)
+            self.hexes[h_num] = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(h_dict.items()))
+            self.hexes[h_num]['ct'] = turn
+
+
+class Winding(Hexahedrons):
+
+    def __init__(self, cctdm, layer, post_proc=False):
+
+        super(Winding, self).__init__()
+        self.cctdm = cctdm
+        self.layer = layer
+        self.post_proc = post_proc
+        self.z_corr = 0
+        self._populate_corners()
+        self.z_corr = self._center_z_and_offset()
+        self._generate_hexes()
+
+    def _populate_corners(self):
+        r"""
+        Generates hexahedron with 8 corners numbered 0-7. The size of hexahedron is taken from groove size of cct as specified in yaml. The length is from number of elements per turn.
+               y (v)
+            3----------2
+            |\     ^   |\
+            | \    |   | \
+            |  \   |   |  \
+            |   7------+---6
+            |   |  +-- |-- | -> x (u)
+            0---+---\--1   |
+             \  |    \  \  |
+              \ |     \  \ |
+               \|      z(w)\|
+                4----------5
+
+        :return: none
+        """
+        self._sign_of_rot = math.copysign(1, self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas[self.layer])
+        if self._sign_of_rot > 0:
+            corner_seq = {
+                0: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'blcf'
+                1: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'brcf'
+                2: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'trcf'
+                3: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'tlcf'
+                4: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
+                5: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # bottom right corner close      #'brcc'
+                6: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
+                7: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close  #'tlcc'
+            }
+        else:
+            corner_seq = {
+                0: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'trcf'
+                1: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'brcf'
+                2: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': False},  # 'blcf'
+                3: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'tlcf'
+                4: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
+                5: {'w_s': 1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # bottom right corner close  #'brcc'
+                6: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': -1, 'far': True},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
+                7: {'w_s': -1, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top left corner close      #'tlcc'
+            }
+        for corner_num, corner_dict in corner_seq.items():
+            self._add_corner_points(corner_num, *self.calc_turns_corner_coords(corner_dict['w_s'], corner_dict['h_s'], far=corner_dict['far']))
+
+    def calc_turns_corner_coords(self, w_s=1, h_s=1, far=False):
+        """
+        Based on https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103041
+        :param h_s: wire height sign
+        :param w_s: wire width sign
+        :param far: for far surface set to True, for close surface set to False. This refers to walls of hexagon.
+        :return:
+        """
+        r_wm = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.r_wms[self.layer]  # radius of winding layer, in the middle of the conductor groove [m]
+        w_i = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.lps[self.layer]  # layer pitch [m]
+        n_turns = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.n_turnss[self.layer]  # number of turns [-]
+        nept = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.ndpts[self.layer] - 1  # number of elements per turn [-]
+        alpha = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas[self.layer] * np.pi / 180  # inclination of the winding [deg]
+        theta_0 = 0  # offset start at theta_0, i.e. angular position of the beginning of the 1st turn[deg]
+        z_0 = 0  # offset start at z_0, i.e. axial position of the beginning of the 1st turn [m]
+        hh = 0.5 * h_s * self.cctdm.geometry.windings.wwhs[self.layer]  # half of h (groove height)
+        hw = 0.5 * w_s * self.cctdm.geometry.windings.wwws[self.layer]  # half of w (groove width)
+        tot_angle = 2 * np.pi * (n_turns + 1 / nept)
+        tot_points = int(nept * n_turns) + 1
+        if alpha > 0:
+            theta = np.linspace(0, tot_angle, tot_points, endpoint=False)
+        else:
+            theta = np.linspace(0 + np.pi, tot_angle + np.pi, tot_points, endpoint=False)  # this rotates terminals for opposite inclination to be on the opposite side
+        if far:
+            theta = theta[1:]  # give all points but the first one, so the far surface can be created
+        else:
+            theta = theta[:-1]  # give all the points but the last one so a near surface can be created
+        if theta.size < 2:
+            raise ValueError(f'Combination of number of division points per turn (ndpts) and number of turns (n_turnss) must result in at least 2 Hexahedrons, but inputs result in only {theta.size}!')
+        C = r_wm * np.arctan(alpha) * np.cos(theta - theta_0) + w_i / (2 * np.pi)
+        D = np.sqrt(r_wm ** 2 + np.square(C))
+        # --  x, y, z points coordinates
+        xs = (r_wm + hh) * np.cos(theta) - np.sin(theta) * hw * C / D
+        ys = (r_wm + hh) * np.sin(theta) + np.cos(theta) * hw * C / D
+        zs = r_wm * np.sin(theta - theta_0) / np.tan(alpha) + w_i * (theta - theta_0) / (2 * np.pi) + z_0 - hw * r_wm / D  # original formula
+        if alpha > 0:
+            channel_turn = np.ceil((theta - 2 * np.pi / (nept + 1)) / (2 * np.pi))
+            # channel_turn[0] = channel_turn[1]  # make the hex at theta 0 to belong to the first turn.
+        else:
+            channel_turn = np.ceil((theta - np.pi - 2 * np.pi / (nept + 1)) / (2 * np.pi))
+        channel_turn[0] = channel_turn[1]  # make the hex at theta 0 to belong to the first turn.
+        return xs.tolist(), ys.tolist(), zs.tolist(), list(map(int, channel_turn))
+
+    def _center_z_and_offset(self, offset=0):
+        z_mins = []
+        z_maxs = []
+        for c_val in self._corner_points.values():
+            z_mins.append(np.min(c_val['z']))
+            z_maxs.append(np.max(c_val['z']))
+        z_min_wind = np.min(np.array(z_mins))
+        z_max_wind = np.max(np.array(z_maxs))
+        z_centre = (z_min_wind + z_max_wind) / 2
+        if not self.post_proc:
+            for c_key, c_val in self._corner_points.items():
+                self._corner_points[c_key]['z'] = (c_val['z'] - z_centre + offset).tolist()
+        z_mins = []
+        z_maxs = []
+        for c_val in self._corner_points.values():
+            z_mins.append(np.min(c_val['z']))
+            z_maxs.append(np.max(c_val['z']))
+        self.z_min_winding_layer = np.min(np.array(z_mins))
+        self.z_max_winding_layer = np.max(np.array(z_maxs))
+        return z_centre + offset
+
+
+class FQPL(Hexahedrons):
+    def __init__(self, cctdm, layer):
+        """
+        FQPL hex generator
+        :param cctdm: cct data model object parsed from yaml input file
+        :param layer:   loop number, integer
+        """
+        super(FQPL, self).__init__()
+        self.cctdm = cctdm
+        self.layer = layer
+        self._calc_z_unit_len()
+        self._populate_corners()
+        self._generate_hexes()
+        self._generate_fqpl()
+        self._rotate_fqpl()
+        self._reorder_and_renumber_hexes()
+        self._clean_attr()
+
+    def _calc_z_unit_len(self):
+        if self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_starts[self.layer] == 'z_min':
+            self.near = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min
+            self.z_unit_len = (self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_ends[self.layer] - self.near - self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwws[self.layer]) / self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer]
+
+        elif self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_starts[self.layer] == 'z_max':
+            self.near = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max
+            self.z_unit_len = (self.near - self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_ends[self.layer] - self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwws[self.layer]) / self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f'fqpl.z_starts parameter must be a string equal to z_min or z_max, but {self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_starts[self.layer]} was given!')
+
+        self.extrusion_sign = math.copysign(1, self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.z_ends[self.layer] - self.near)
+
+    def _calc_first_corner_coords(self, w_s, h_s, far, offset):
+        x = [self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.r_ins[self.layer] + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwhs[self.layer] * h_s]  # not rotated coordinate
+        y = [self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fwws[self.layer] * w_s]  # not rotated coordinate
+        if far:
+            z = [self.near - self.z_unit_len + offset]
+        else:
+            z = [self.near + offset]
+        return x, y, z, [1]
+
+    def _populate_corners(self):
+        r"""
+        Generates hexahedron with 8 corners numbered 0-7. The size of hexahedron is taken from groove size of cct as specified in yaml. The length is from number of elements per turn.
+               y (v)
+            3----------2
+            |\     ^   |\
+            | \    |   | \
+            |  \   |   |  \
+            |   7------+---6
+            |   |  +-- |-- | -> x (u)
+            0---+---\--1   |
+             \  |    \  \  |
+              \ |     \  \ |
+               \|      z(w)\|
+                4----------5
+
+        :return: none
+        """
+        if self.extrusion_sign > 0:
+            offset = self.z_unit_len
+            corner_seq = {
+                0: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # 'blcf'
+                1: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # 'tlcf'
+                2: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # 'trcf'
+                3: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # 'brcf'
+                4: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
+                5: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # top left corner close      #'tlcc'
+                6: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
+                7: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # bottom right corner close  #'brcc'
+            }
+        else:
+            offset = 0
+            corner_seq = {
+                0: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # 'blcf'
+                1: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'tlcf'
+                2: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': False},  # 'trcf'
+                3: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': False},  # 'brcf'
+                4: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # bottom left corner close   #'blcc'
+                5: {'w_s': -0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top left corner close      #'tlcc'
+                6: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 1, 'far': True},  # top right corner close     #'trcc'
+                7: {'w_s': 0.5, 'h_s': 0, 'far': True},  # bottom right corner close  #'brcc'
+            }
+        for corner_num, corner_dict in corner_seq.items():
+            self._add_corner_points(corner_num, *self._calc_first_corner_coords(corner_dict['w_s'], corner_dict['h_s'], corner_dict['far'], offset))
+
+    def _get_ref_point(self, elem_number, surf_n_dir_str, coord, dist):
+        """
+        Gets center point for a surface 'pointing' in the direction surf_n_dir_str of hex with elem_number. It then moves that point into along coordinate coord and by distance dist
+        :param elem_number: hex number to take the surface from
+        :param surf_n_dir_str: 'direction of surface' (kind of normal), options are: 'x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+'
+        :param coord: direction to more the point in, options are: 'x', 'y', 'z'
+        :param dist: distance to move the point, this is positive or negative float
+        :return:
+        """
+        source_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(surf_n_dir_str)]  # get the indexes 4 points for the surface points in direction surf_n_dir_str
+        points_coor = [self.hexes[elem_number][point] for point in source_points]  # get the points, they contain coordinates
+        xs = []
+        ys = []
+        zs = []
+        for point in points_coor:  # get coordinates into list for each axis
+            for cor_list, coor in zip([xs, ys, zs], ['x', 'y', 'z']):
+                cor_list.append(point[coor])
+        p = {'x': np.mean(xs), 'y': np.mean(ys), 'z': np.mean(zs)}  # get averages of each axis coordinate, giving the center of the surface
+        p[coord] = p[coord] + dist
+        return p
+
+    def _add_elem_with_rot(self, elem_number, surf_n_dir_str, add_ax, angle, ref_p_coor):
+        """
+        :param elem_number: idx of start element
+        :param surf_n_dir_str: direction of adding element, options are: 'x-', 'x+', 'y-', 'y+', 'z-', 'z+'
+        :param ref_p_coor: length of new element in the direction specified above [m]
+        :return: index of created element
+        """
+        mod_coor = [surf_n_dir_str[0], add_ax]
+        # mod_coor.remove(surf_n_dir_str[0])  # get the other two coordinates that arenet the direction of the surface to take
+
+        angle_rad = np.deg2rad(angle)
+        op_dir = surf_n_dir_str[0] + self._op_sign[surf_n_dir_str[1]]
+        new_elem = elem_number + math.copysign(1, elem_number)
+        self.hexes[new_elem] = {}
+        source_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(surf_n_dir_str)]
+        destination_points = self.vertices_to_surf[self._sur_names.index(op_dir)]
+        for d_p, s_p in zip(destination_points + source_points, source_points + source_points):
+            self.hexes[new_elem][d_p] = copy.deepcopy(self.hexes[elem_number][s_p])
+        for s_p in source_points:  # modif_points:
+            v1 = self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[0]]
+            v2 = self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[1]]
+            v1_ofset = ref_p_coor[mod_coor[0]]
+            v2_ofset = ref_p_coor[mod_coor[1]]
+            v1 = v1 - v1_ofset
+            v2 = v2 - v2_ofset
+            v1_new = np.cos(angle_rad) * v1 - np.sin(angle_rad) * v2
+            v2_new = np.sin(angle_rad) * v1 + np.cos(angle_rad) * v2
+            v1 = v1_new + v1_ofset
+            v2 = v2_new + v2_ofset
+            self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[0]] = v1
+            self.hexes[new_elem][s_p][mod_coor[1]] = v2
+        self.hexes[new_elem]['ct'] = self.hexes[elem_number]['ct']
+        return new_elem
+
+    def _generate_fqpl(self):
+        new_elem = self._add_elem_to_elem(0, 'z+', self.extrusion_sign * self.z_unit_len)
+        for _ in range(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer] - 2):
+            new_elem = self._add_elem_to_elem(new_elem, 'z+', self.extrusion_sign * self.z_unit_len)
+        coord = 'x'
+        ref_point = self._get_ref_point(new_elem, 'z+', coord, self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.r_bs[self.layer])  # centre of rotation pint.
+        n_seg = 10
+        angle = 180 / n_seg
+        for _ in range(n_seg):
+            new_elem = self._add_elem_with_rot(new_elem, 'z+', coord, self.extrusion_sign * angle, ref_point)
+        for _ in range(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.fndpls[self.layer]):
+            new_elem = self._add_elem_to_elem(new_elem, 'z+', -self.extrusion_sign * self.z_unit_len)
+
+    def _rotate_fqpl(self):
+        for h_num, h_dict in self.hexes.items():
+            channel_turn = h_dict.pop('ct', None)
+            for p_num, p_dict in h_dict.items():
+                xx = p_dict['x']
+                yy = p_dict['y']
+                x = xx * np.cos(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer])) - yy * np.sin(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer]))  # rotated coordinate
+                y = xx * np.sin(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer])) + yy * np.cos(np.deg2rad(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.thetas[self.layer]))  # rotated coordinate
+                self.hexes[h_num][p_num]['x'] = x
+                self.hexes[h_num][p_num]['y'] = y
+            self.hexes[h_num]['ct'] = channel_turn
+
+    def _clean_attr(self):
+        del self.cctdm
+        del self.layer
+        del self.near
+        del self.z_unit_len
+
+
+class Generate_BREPs:
+    def __init__(self, fdm, verbose=True):
+        """
+        Class to generate (build) Windings and Formers (WF) of a canted cosine theta (CCT) magnet and save them to brep files
+        :param fdm: fiqus data model
+        :param verbose: If True more information is printed in python console.
+        """
+        self.cctdm = fdm.magnet
+        self.model_folder = os.path.join(os.getcwd())
+        self.magnet_name = fdm.general.magnet_name
+
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.cctwi = WindingsInformation()
+        self.cctwi.magnet_name = self.magnet_name
+        self.transl_dict = {'vol': '', 'surf': '_bd', 'surf_in': '_in', 'surf_out': '_out', 'cochain': '_cut'}
+        self.gu = GmshUtils(self.model_folder, self.verbose)
+        self.gu.initialize()
+        self.formers = []
+        self.air = []
+        gmsh.option.setString('Geometry.OCCTargetUnit', 'M')
+
+    def generate_windings_or_fqpls(self, type_str):
+        """
+        Generates windings brep files, as many as number of entries in the yaml file for windings.
+        :param type_str: What to generate, options are: 'windings' or 'fqpls'
+        :return: None, saves brep to disk
+        """
+        if self.verbose:
+            print(f'Generating {type_str} started')
+            start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+
+        def generate_geom(worf_in, names_in):
+            worf_tags_dict_in = {}
+            for worf_num, worf_in in enumerate(worf_in):
+                worf_tags_dict_in[worf_num] = self.generate_hex_geom(worf_in)
+                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+                gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{names_in[worf_num]}.brep'))
+                gmsh.clear()
+            return worf_tags_dict_in
+
+        if self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names and type_str == 'windings':
+            worf = [Winding(self.cctdm, i) for i, _ in enumerate(self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names)]        # worf = winding or fqpl
+            names = [name for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names]
+            for w in worf:
+                if self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min > w.z_min_winding_layer or w.z_max_winding_layer > self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max:
+                    raise ValueError(f'{self.cctdm.geometry.air.name} region dimensions are too s mall to fit the windings turns. Please extend z_min and/or z_max')
+                else:
+                    pass
+            worf_tags_dict = generate_geom(worf, names)
+
+        if self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names and type_str == 'fqpls':
+            worf = [FQPL(self.cctdm, i) for i, _ in enumerate(self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names)]  # worf = winding or fqpl
+            names = [name for name in self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
+            worf_tags_dict = generate_geom(worf, names)
+
+        w_z_maxs = []
+        w_z_mins = []
+        if type_str == 'windings':
+            for winding in worf:
+                w_z_maxs.append(winding.z_max_winding_layer)
+                w_z_mins.append(winding.z_min_winding_layer)
+            self.cctwi.windings_avg_length = float(np.mean(w_z_maxs) - np.mean(w_z_mins))
+            self.cctwi.windings.names = names
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_st = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_st = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_st = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_st = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_et = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_et = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_et = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_et = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_et = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_et = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.ndpterms = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.ndpt_ins
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.ndpterms = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.ndpt_outs
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.z_air = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.z_air = self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max
+            for winding_num, winding_dict in worf_tags_dict.items():
+                first_vol = list(winding_dict.keys())[0]
+                last_vol = list(winding_dict.keys())[-1]
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_st.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['v_t'])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_st.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['sf_ts'][0])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_st.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['v_t'])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_st.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['sf_ts'][2])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.vol_et.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['v_t'])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_in.surf_et.append(winding_dict[first_vol]['sf_ts'][0])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.vol_et.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['v_t'])
+                self.cctwi.windings.t_out.surf_et.append(winding_dict[last_vol]['sf_ts'][2])
+
+            lc_st_neg_alpha = [[1, 0], [0, 3], [3, 2], [2, 1], [6, 4], [4, 5], [5, 7], [7, 6], [1, 6], [0, 4], [3, 5], [2, 7]]
+            lc_st_pos_alpha = [[3, 1], [1, 0], [0, 2], [2, 3], [7, 4], [4, 5], [5, 6], [6, 7], [3, 7], [1, 4], [0, 5], [2, 6]]
+            lc_et_neg_alpha = [[5, 7], [7, 6], [6, 4], [4, 5], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [0, 1], [5, 1], [7, 3], [6, 2], [4, 0]]
+            lc_et_pos_alpha = [[5, 7], [7, 6], [6, 4], [4, 5], [1, 3], [3, 2], [2, 0], [0, 1], [5, 1], [7, 3], [6, 2], [4, 0]]
+            # [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 1], [5, 6], [6, 7], [7, 8], [8, 5], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7], [4, 8]]
+            # [[2, 1], [1, 4], [4, 3], [3, 2], [6, 5], [5, 8], [8, 7], [7, 6], [2, 6], [1, 5], [4, 8], [3, 7]]
+
+            lc_et_pos_corr = [[1, 0], [0, 3], [3, 2], [2, 1], [5, 4], [4, 7], [7, 6], [6, 5], [1, 5], [0, 4], [3, 7], [2, 6]]
+
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_st = []
+            self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_st = []
+            for alpha in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas:
+                if alpha > 0:
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_st.append(lc_st_pos_alpha)
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_st.append(lc_st_pos_alpha)
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_et.append(lc_et_pos_corr)
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_et.append(lc_et_pos_alpha)
+                else:
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_st.append(lc_st_neg_alpha)
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_st.append(lc_st_neg_alpha)
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_in.lc_et.append(lc_et_neg_alpha)
+                    self.cctwi.windings.t_out.lc_et.append(lc_et_pos_corr)
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print(f'Generating {type_str} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+
+    def save_volume_info(self):
+        if self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
+            fqpls = self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names
+        else:
+            fqpls = []
+
+        self.cctwi.w_names = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names
+        self.cctwi.f_names = fqpls
+        self.cctwi.formers = self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names
+        self.cctwi.air = self.cctdm.geometry.air.name
+
+        volume_info_file = os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctwi.magnet_name}.wi')
+        uff.write_data_to_yaml(volume_info_file, self.cctwi.model_dump())
+
+    def generate_formers(self):
+        if self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_ins:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print('Generating Formers Started')
+                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+
+            for f_i, _ in enumerate(self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_ins):
+                z = self.cctdm.geometry.formers.z_mins[f_i]
+                dz = self.cctdm.geometry.formers.z_maxs[f_i] - self.cctdm.geometry.formers.z_mins[f_i]
+                cylin_out = (3, gmsh.model.occ.addCylinder(0, 0, z, 0, 0, dz, self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_outs[f_i], angle=2 * math.pi))  # add cylinder to align to existing bodies in the pro file
+                cylin_in = (3, gmsh.model.occ.addCylinder(0, 0, z, 0, 0, dz, self.cctdm.geometry.formers.r_ins[f_i], angle=2 * math.pi))  # add another cylinder to subtract from the first one to make a tube
+                cylinder = gmsh.model.occ.cut([cylin_out], [cylin_in], removeObject=True)  # subtract cylinders to make a tube
+                self.formers.append(cylinder[0][0])  # keep just the tag and append
+                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+                gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names[f_i]}.brep'))
+                gmsh.clear()
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Generating formers took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+
+    def generate_air(self):
+        if self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print('Generating air started')
+                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+            if self.cctdm.geometry.air.sh_type == 'cylinder':
+                self.air = [(3, gmsh.model.occ.addCylinder(0, 0, self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min, 0, 0, self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max - self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min, self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar, angle=2 * math.pi))]
+            elif self.cctdm.geometry.air.sh_type == 'cuboid':
+                air_box_size = [-self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar / 2, -self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar / 2, self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min, self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar, self.cctdm.geometry.air.ar,
+                                self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_max - self.cctdm.geometry.air.z_min]  # list of box size with: x, y, z, dx, dy, dz
+                self.air = [(3, gmsh.model.occ.addBox(*air_box_size))]
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f'Shape type: {self.cctdm.geometry.air.sh_type} is not supported!')
+            gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+            gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctdm.geometry.air.name}.brep'))
+            gmsh.clear()
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Generating air took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+
+    def generate_regions_file(self):
+        if self.verbose:
+            print('Generating Regions File Started')
+            start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+        cctrm = Reg_Mod_FiQ.RegionsModel()
+        vrt = 1000000  # volume region tag start
+        srt = 2000000  # surface region tag start
+        lrt = 3000000  # line region tag start
+        # -------- powered ----------
+        # volumes
+        cctrm.powered['cct'] = Reg_Mod_FiQ.Powered()
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.names = [name + self.transl_dict['vol'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.currents = self.cctdm.solve.windings.currents + self.cctdm.solve.fqpls.currents
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.sigmas = self.cctdm.solve.windings.sigmas + self.cctdm.solve.fqpls.sigmas
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.mu_rs = self.cctdm.solve.windings.mu_rs + self.cctdm.solve.fqpls.mu_rs
+        reg = []
+        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
+            reg.append(vrt)
+            vrt += 1
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].vol.numbers = reg
+        # surfaces
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_in.names = [name + self.transl_dict['surf_in'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_out.names = [name + self.transl_dict['surf_out'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
+        reg = []
+        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
+            reg.append(srt)
+            srt += 1
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_in.numbers = reg
+        reg = []
+        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
+            reg.append(srt)
+            srt += 1
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].surf_out.numbers = reg
+
+        # -------- induced ----------
+        # volumes
+        cctrm.induced['cct'] = Reg_Mod_FiQ.Induced()
+        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.names = [name + self.transl_dict['vol'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names]
+        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.sigmas = self.cctdm.solve.formers.sigmas
+        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.mu_rs = self.cctdm.solve.formers.mu_rs
+        reg = []
+        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names:
+            reg.append(vrt)
+            vrt += 1
+        cctrm.induced['cct'].vol.numbers = reg
+
+        # -------- air ----------
+        # volumes
+        cctrm.air.vol.name = self.cctdm.geometry.air.name + self.transl_dict['vol']
+        cctrm.air.vol.sigma = self.cctdm.solve.air.sigma
+        cctrm.air.vol.mu_r = self.cctdm.solve.air.mu_r
+        cctrm.air.vol.number = vrt
+        vrt += 1
+
+        # surface
+        cctrm.air.surf.name = self.cctdm.geometry.air.name + self.transl_dict['surf']
+        cctrm.air.surf.number = srt
+        srt += 1
+
+        # # center line
+        # cctrm.air.line.name = 'Center_line'
+        # cctrm.air.line.number = lrt
+        # lrt += 1
+        lrt = srt
+
+        # --------- cuts -------
+        # these need to be done at the end with the highest surface tags
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].cochain.names = [name + self.transl_dict['cochain'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names]
+        reg = []
+        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.windings.names + self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
+            reg.append(lrt)
+            lrt += 1
+        cctrm.powered['cct'].cochain.numbers = reg
+        # induced cuts
+        cctrm.induced['cct'].cochain.names = [name + self.transl_dict['cochain'] for name in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names]
+        reg = []
+        for _ in self.cctdm.geometry.formers.names:
+            reg.append(lrt)
+            lrt += 1
+        cctrm.induced['cct'].cochain.numbers = reg
+
+        uff.write_data_to_yaml(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctwi.magnet_name}.regions'), cctrm.model_dump())
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print(f'Generating Regions File Took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_hex_geom(hexes_dict,
+                          cons_for_lines=[[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 0], [4, 5], [5, 6], [6, 7], [7, 4], [0, 4], [1, 5], [2, 6], [3, 7]],
+                          vol_tag=-1):
+        """
+        Generates hexahedra volumes from data in hexes dict
+        :param hexes_dict: dictionary of data generated by either Winding or FQPL class in Hexahedrons.py
+        :param cons_for_lines: line connection defined as list of list in terms of point numbers to connect in the hexahedron
+        :param vol_tag: volume tag to use for generated volume of hexahedron
+        :return: dictionary with tags of created volumes, surface loops, surface fillings, closed loops, lines, points and channel turn (i.e. turn number of CCT winding).
+        """
+        tags_dict = {}
+        for h_num, h_dict in hexes_dict.hexes.items():
+            p_ts = []  # Point tags
+            channel_turn = h_dict.pop('ct', None)
+            for p_num, p_dict in h_dict.items():
+                p_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addPoint(p_dict['x'], p_dict['y'], p_dict['z']))
+
+            l_ts = []   # Line tags
+            for p_c in cons_for_lines:  # point connections to make a line
+                l_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addLine(p_ts[p_c[0]], p_ts[p_c[1]]))
+
+            cl_ts = []  # Curved Loops tags
+            for l_c in [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [3, 8, 7, 11], [1, 9, 5, 10], [0, 8, 4, 9], [2, 11, 6, 10]]:  # line connections to make a curved loop
+                cl_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addCurveLoop([l_ts[l_c[0]], l_ts[l_c[1]], l_ts[l_c[2]], l_ts[l_c[3]]]))
+            sf_ts = []  # Surface Filling tags
+            for cl_t in cl_ts:
+                sf_ts.append(gmsh.model.occ.addSurfaceFilling(cl_t, degree=3, tol2d=0.000001, tol3d=0.00001, tolAng=0.001, tolCurv=0.05))
+            sl_t = gmsh.model.occ.addSurfaceLoop(sf_ts, sewing=True)
+            v_t = gmsh.model.occ.addVolume([sl_t], vol_tag)
+            tags_dict[int(h_num)] = {'v_t': v_t, 'sl_t': sl_t, 'sf_ts': sf_ts, 'cl_ts': cl_ts, 'l_ts': l_ts, 'p_ts': p_ts, 'ct': channel_turn}
+        return tags_dict
+
+
+class Prepare_BREPs:
+    def __init__(self, fdm, verbose=True) -> object:
+        """
+        Class to preparing brep files by adding terminals.
+        :param fdm: FiQuS data model
+        :param verbose: If True more information is printed in python console.
+        """
+
+        self.cctdm = fdm.magnet
+        self.model_folder = os.path.join(os.getcwd())
+        self.magnet_name = fdm.general.magnet_name
+
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.winding_info_file = os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.magnet_name}.wi')
+        self.cctwi = uff.read_data_from_yaml(self.winding_info_file, WindingsInformation)
+        self.gu = GmshUtils(self.model_folder, self.verbose)
+        self.gu.initialize()
+        self.model_file = os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.magnet_name}.brep')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_pts_for_sts(surface_tags):
+        """
+        Get point tags for surface tags
+        :param surface_tags: list of surface tags to get point tags
+        :return: list of point tags belonging to the surfaces in the list
+        """
+        vol_line_tags = []
+        vol_line_tags_i = 0
+        vol_line_tags_idx = []
+        for surf_tag in surface_tags:
+            line_tags_new = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(2, surf_tag)[1]
+            for line_tag in line_tags_new:
+                vol_line_tags_i += 1
+                if line_tag not in vol_line_tags:
+                    vol_line_tags.append(line_tag)
+                    vol_line_tags_idx.append(vol_line_tags_i)
+        point_tags = []
+        point_tags_i = 0
+        point_tags_idx = []
+        for line_tag in vol_line_tags:
+            point_tags_new = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(1, line_tag)[1]
+            for point_tag in point_tags_new:
+                point_tags_i += 1
+                if point_tag not in point_tags:
+                    point_tags.append(point_tag)
+                    point_tags_idx.append(point_tags_i)
+        return point_tags, vol_line_tags_idx, point_tags_idx
+
+    def straighten_terminal(self, gui=False):
+        """
+        Extends winding geom_generators to the air region boundary by extending the geom_generators with 'terminals' geom_generators up to the air boundary surfaces
+        By default this extends along the z axis and makes the final surface normal to the z axis.
+        :return: None, saves breps with straighten terminals to disk
+        """
+
+        for i, name in enumerate(self.cctwi.windings.names):
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Straightening terminals of {name} started')
+                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+            gmsh.open(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}.brep'))
+            for terminal in [self.cctwi.windings.t_in, self.cctwi.windings.t_out]:
+                vol_tag = terminal.vol_st[i]
+                vol_surf_tags = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(3, vol_tag)[1]
+                surf_tag = terminal.surf_st[i]
+                if surf_tag not in vol_surf_tags:
+                    raise ValueError(f'Surface tag of {surf_tag} given for volume in of {vol_tag} does not belong to the volume!')
+                # surf_point_tags = self.get_pts_for_sts([surf_tag])      # only 'powered' surface
+                surf_point_tags, surf_line_tags_idx, surf_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts([surf_tag])  # only 'powered' surface
+                vol_point_tags, vol_line_tags_idx, vol_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts(vol_surf_tags)  # all tags of hex
+                vol_point_dict = {}
+                for p_tag in vol_point_tags:
+                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
+                    vol_point_dict[p_tag] = {'x': (xmin + xmax) / 2, 'y': (ymin + ymax) / 2, 'z': (zmin + zmax) / 2}
+                z = []
+                y = []
+                x = []
+                for p_tag in surf_point_tags:  # calculate average z position for the terminal surface
+                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
+                    x.append((xmin + xmax) / 2)
+                    y.append((ymin + ymax) / 2)
+                    z.append((zmin + zmax) / 2)
+                x_avg = np.mean(x)
+                y_avg = np.mean(y)
+                z_avg = np.mean(z)
+                sign_x = [math.copysign(1, x_i - x_avg) for x_i in x]
+                sign_y = [math.copysign(1, y_i - y_avg) for y_i in y]
+                dist_x = []
+                dist_y = []
+                for j in range(len(x) - 1):
+                    dist_x.append(math.sqrt((x[j] - x[j + 1]) ** 2))
+                    dist_y.append(math.sqrt((y[j] - y[j + 1]) ** 2))
+                eq_len = self.cctdm.geometry.windings.wwhs[i] / 2
+                y_shift_sign = math.copysign(1, -terminal.z_air * self.cctdm.geometry.windings.alphas[i])
+                new_x = [x_avg + s_x * eq_len for s_x in sign_x]
+                new_y = [y_avg + s_y * eq_len + y_shift_sign * eq_len - y_shift_sign * dist_y[0] / 2 for s_y in sign_y]
+                for p_tag, x_n, y_n in zip(surf_point_tags, new_x, new_y):  # assign z_avg to only points on the terminal surface
+                    vol_point_dict[p_tag]['x'] = x_n
+                    vol_point_dict[p_tag]['y'] = y_n
+                    vol_point_dict[p_tag]['z'] = z_avg
+                gmsh.model.occ.remove([(3, terminal.vol_st[i])], recursive=True)
+                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+                hexes = Hexahedrons()  # create hex class instance to be able to reuse existing code for generating hexes geom_generators
+                hexes.hexes[0] = {}  # only one winding layer is involved per iteration, so hardcoded 0 index
+                for p_i, (_, p_dict) in enumerate(vol_point_dict.items()):
+                    hexes.hexes[0][p_i] = p_dict
+                Generate_BREPs.generate_hex_geom(hexes, cons_for_lines=terminal.lc_st[i], vol_tag=terminal.vol_st[i])
+                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+            gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}.brep'))
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Straightening terminals of {name} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+        if gui:
+            gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
+        else:
+            gmsh.clear()
+
+    def extend_terms(self, operation='extend', gui=False, ):
+        self.cctwi = uff.read_data_from_yaml(self.winding_info_file, WindingsInformation)  # this is repeated as the operation over the data for the case add, so an original data for extend operation needs to be loaded.
+        if operation == 'add':
+            for terminal in [self.cctwi.windings.t_in, self.cctwi.windings.t_out]:
+                terminal.ndpterms = [1] * len(terminal.ndpterms)
+                terminal.z_air = terminal.z_add
+        elif operation == 'extend':
+            pass
+        file_in_postfix = ''
+        file_out_postfix = ''
+        for i, name in enumerate(self.cctwi.windings.names):
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Extending terminals of {name} started')
+                start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+            gmsh.open(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}{file_in_postfix}.brep'))
+            volumes = [vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)]
+            for oper, terminal in enumerate([self.cctwi.windings.t_in, self.cctwi.windings.t_out]):
+                vol_tag = terminal.vol_et[i]
+                vol_surf_tags = gmsh.model.getAdjacencies(3, vol_tag)[1]
+                surf_tag = terminal.surf_et[i]
+                if surf_tag not in vol_surf_tags:
+                    raise ValueError(f'Surface tag of {surf_tag} given for volume in of {vol_tag} does not belong to the volume!')
+                surf_point_tags, surf_line_tags_idx, surf_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts([surf_tag])
+                surf_point_tags = sorted(surf_point_tags)
+                vol_point_tags, vol_line_tags_idx, vol_point_tags_idx = self.get_pts_for_sts(vol_surf_tags)
+                vol_point_tags = sorted(vol_point_tags)
+                surf_point_tags_idx_pw = [i for i, e in enumerate(vol_point_tags) if e in set(surf_point_tags)]  # powered
+                surf_point_tags_idx_oth = [i for i, e in enumerate(vol_point_tags) if e not in set(surf_point_tags)]  # other (opposite powered)
+                vol_point_dict = {}
+                for idx_pw, p_tag in zip(surf_point_tags_idx_pw, surf_point_tags):
+                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
+                    vol_point_dict[idx_pw] = {'x': (xmin + xmax) / 2, 'y': (ymin + ymax) / 2, 'z': (zmin + zmax) / 2}
+                z_ext = round((terminal.z_air - zmin) / terminal.ndpterms[i], 8)
+                for idx_oth, p_tag in zip(surf_point_tags_idx_oth, surf_point_tags):
+                    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = gmsh.model.occ.getBoundingBox(0, p_tag)
+                    vol_point_dict[idx_oth] = {'x': (xmin + xmax) / 2, 'y': (ymin + ymax) / 2, 'z': (zmin + zmax) / 2 + z_ext}
+                hexes = Hexahedrons()  # create hex class instance to be able to reuse existing code for generating hexes geom_generators
+                for h in range(terminal.ndpterms[i]):
+                    hexes.hexes[h] = {}
+                    for p_i, (_, p_dict) in enumerate(vol_point_dict.items()):
+                        hexes.hexes[h][p_i] = copy.deepcopy(p_dict)
+                    for p_t, p_dict in vol_point_dict.items():
+                        p_dict['z'] = p_dict['z'] + z_ext
+                for idx_oth in range(4, 8):
+                    z_air = terminal.z_air
+                    hexes.hexes[h][idx_oth]['z'] = z_air
+                tags_dict = Generate_BREPs.generate_hex_geom(hexes, cons_for_lines=terminal.lc_et[i], vol_tag=-1)
+                new_volumes = []
+                for _, hex_dict in tags_dict.items():
+                    new_volumes.append(hex_dict['v_t'])
+                gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+                if oper == 0:  # this vol_in is needed for reordering volumes later
+                    vol_in = new_volumes
+            renumbered_vols = []
+            other_vols = list(set(volumes) - set(vol_in))
+            max_tag = gmsh.model.occ.getMaxTag(3)
+            for vol in other_vols:
+                gmsh.model.setTag(3, vol, vol + max_tag)
+                renumbered_vols.append(vol + max_tag)
+            for n_tag, vol in enumerate(reversed(vol_in)):
+                gmsh.model.setTag(3, vol, n_tag + 1)
+            max_term_tag = len(vol_in) + 1
+            spiral_volumes = []
+            for n_tag, vol in enumerate(renumbered_vols):
+                gmsh.model.setTag(3, vol, n_tag + max_term_tag)
+                spiral_volumes.append(n_tag + max_term_tag)
+            gmsh.write(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{name}{file_out_postfix}.brep'))
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Straightening terminals of {name} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+                print(f'Writing volume information file: {name}.vi ')
+            vi = {'export': spiral_volumes, 'all': [vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)]}
+            json.dump(vi, open(f"{os.path.join(self.model_folder, name)}.vi", 'w'))
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Done writing volume information file: {name}.vi ')
+        if gui:
+            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
+        else:
+            gmsh.clear()
+
+    def save_fqpl_vi(self):
+        for f_name in self.cctdm.geometry.fqpls.names:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Writing volume information file: {f_name}.vi ')
+            gmsh.open(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{f_name}.brep'))
+            volumes = [vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)]
+            export = volumes
+            vi = {'export': export, 'all': volumes}
+            json.dump(vi, open(f"{os.path.join(self.model_folder, f_name)}.vi", 'w'))
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f'Done writing volume information file: {f_name}.vi ')
+        gmsh.clear()
+
+    def fragment(self, gui=False):
+        if self.verbose:
+            print('Loading files in preparation for fragment operation')
+        for f_name in self.cctwi.w_names + self.cctwi.f_names:
+            gmsh.merge(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{f_name}.brep'))
+        num_vol = np.max([vol[1] for vol in gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)])
+        for f_name in self.cctwi.formers:
+            gmsh.merge(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{f_name}.brep'))
+            num_vol += 1
+        gmsh.merge(os.path.join(self.model_folder, f'{self.cctwi.air}.brep'))
+        num_vol += 1
+        entities = gmsh.model.getEntities(dim=3)
+        if len(entities) != num_vol:
+            raise ValueError('Not consistent volumes numbers in brep and json files!')
+        objectDimTags = [entities[-1]]
+        toolDimTags = entities[:-1]
+        # central_line = [(1, 3898)]
+        # toolDimTags = toolDimTags+central_line
+        if self.verbose:
+            print(f'Fragmenting {self.magnet_name} started')
+            start_time = timeit.default_timer()
+        gmsh.model.occ.fragment(objectDimTags, toolDimTags, removeObject=True, removeTool=True)
+        gmsh.model.occ.synchronize()
+        if self.verbose:
+            print(f'Fragmenting {self.magnet_name} took {timeit.default_timer() - start_time:.2f} s')
+
+        gmsh.write(self.model_file)
+        if gui:
+            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()
+        else:
+            gmsh.clear()
+            gmsh.finalize()
+
+    def load_geometry(self, gui=False):
+        gmsh.open(self.model_file)
+        if gui:
+            self.gu.launch_interactive_GUI()