desdeo 2.0.0__py3-none-any.whl → 2.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

desdeo/tools/group_scalarization.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3090 @@
+"""Group scalarization functions split from scalarization.py.
+
+This module contains all functions with 'group' in their name, previously located in scalarization.py.
+"""
+
+# Imports will be copied from scalarization.py as needed
+from typing import Literal
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from desdeo.problem import (
+    Constraint,
+    ConstraintTypeEnum,
+    Problem,
+    ScalarizationFunction,
+    Variable,
+    VariableTypeEnum,
+)
+from desdeo.tools.scalarization import Op, ScalarizationError, objective_dict_has_all_symbols
+from desdeo.tools.utils import (
+    flip_maximized_objective_values,
+    get_corrected_ideal,
+    get_corrected_nadir,
+)
+
+# Functions will be inserted here in the next step
+
+
+def add_group_asf(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Add the achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-\overline{z}_{id})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to which the scalarization function should be added.
+        symbol (str): the symbol to reference the added scalarization function.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of reference points as objective dicts.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        rho (float, optional): the weight factor used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing a copy of the problem with the scalarization function added,
+            and the symbol of the added scalarization function.
+    """
+    # check reference points
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            msg = f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing a value for one or more objectives."
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the max and augmentation terms
+    max_terms = []
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_points[i])
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            max_terms.append(f"({weights[obj.symbol]}) * ({obj.symbol}_min - {corrected_rp[obj.symbol]})")
+
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    max_terms = ", ".join(max_terms)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{Op.MAX}({max_terms}) + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+    problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        constraints = []
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+        problem = problem.add_constraints(constraints)
+
+    return problem, symbol
+
+
+def add_group_asf_agg(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    agg_aspirations: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float],
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Add the achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers.
+
+    Both aggregated aspiration levels (min aspirations) and agg bounds (max bounds) are required.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-\overline{z}_{id})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to which the scalarization function should be added.
+        symbol (str): the symbol to reference the added scalarization function.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of reference points as objective dicts.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        rho (float, optional): the weight factor used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing a copy of the problem with the scalarization function added,
+            and the symbol of the added scalarization function.
+    """
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # Correct the aspirations and hard_constraints
+    agg_aspirations = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_aspirations)
+    agg_bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)  # calculate the weights
+
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the max and augmentation terms
+    max_terms = []
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        max_terms.append(f"({weights[obj.symbol]}) * ({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]})")
+
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+    aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    max_terms = ", ".join(max_terms)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{Op.MAX}({max_terms}) + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+
+    constraints = []
+
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+        constraints.append(
+            Constraint(
+                name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                func=expr,
+                cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+            )
+        )
+
+    problem = problem.add_constraints(constraints)
+    problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+
+    return problem, symbol
+
+
+def add_group_asf_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Add the differentiable variant of the achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} && w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-\overline{z}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0,\\
+        &&&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to which the scalarization function should be added.
+        symbol (str): the symbol to reference the added scalarization function.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of reference points as objective dicts.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        rho (float, optional): the weight factor used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing a copy of the problem with the scalarization function added,
+            and the symbol of the added scalarization function.
+    """
+    # check reference points
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            msg = f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing a value for one or more objectives."
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the constaint and augmentation expressions
+    # constraint expressions are formed into a list of lists
+    con_terms = []
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_points[i])
+        rp = {}
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            rp[obj.symbol] = f"(({weights[obj.symbol]}) * ({obj.symbol}_min - {corrected_rp[obj.symbol]})) - _alpha"
+        con_terms.append(rp)
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+
+    constraints = []
+    # loop to create a constraint for every objective of every reference point given
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            # since we are subtracting a constant value, the linearity, convexity,
+            # and differentiability of the objective function, and hence the
+            # constraint, should not change.
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con_{i + 1}",
+                    func=con_terms[i][obj.symbol],
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_asf_agg_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    agg_aspirations: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Add the differentiable variant of the achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers.
+
+    Both aggregated aspiration levels (min aspirations) and agg bounds (max bounds) are required.
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} && w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-\overline{z}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0,\\
+        &&&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to which the scalarization function should be added.
+        symbol (str): the symbol to reference the added scalarization function.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of reference points as objective dicts.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        rho (float, optional): the weight factor used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing a copy of the problem with the scalarization function added,
+            and the symbol of the added scalarization function.
+    """
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+    # Correct the aspirations and hard_constraints
+    agg_aspirations = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_aspirations)
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the constaint and augmentation expressions
+    # constraint expressions are formed into a list of lists
+    con_terms = []
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        con_terms.append(f"(({weights[obj.symbol]}) * ({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]})) - _alpha")
+    aug_exprs = []
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+    aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable achievement scalarizing function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+
+    constraints = []
+    # loop to create a constraint for every objective of every reference point given
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            expr = (
+                f"({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]}) / "
+                f"({nadir_point[obj.symbol]} - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]}) - _alpha"
+            )
+        else:
+            expr = (
+                f"({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]}) / "
+                f"({nadir_point[obj.symbol]} - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta}) - _alpha"
+            )
+        constraints.append(
+            Constraint(
+                name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_maxcon",
+                func=expr,
+                cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+            )
+        )
+
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_nimbus(  # noqa: PLR0913
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    classifications_list: list[dict[str, tuple[str, float | None]]],
+    current_objective_vector: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float],
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 0.000001,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 0.000001,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Implements the multiple decision maker variant of the NIMBUS scalarization function.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i\in I^<,j\in I^\leq,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{ideal}_{id}),
+        w_{jd}(f_{jd}(\mathbf{x})-\hat{z}_{jd})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$, and $w_{jd} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{jd} - z^{uto}_{jd}}$.
+
+    The $I$-sets are related to the classifications given to each objective function value
+    in respect to  the current objective vector (e.g., by a decision maker). They
+    are as follows:
+
+    - $I^{<}$: values that should improve,
+    - $I^{\leq}$: values that should improve until a given aspiration level $\hat{z}_i$,
+    - $I^{=}$: values that are fine as they are,
+    - $I^{\geq}$: values that can be impaired until some reservation level $\varepsilon_i$, and
+    - $I^{\diamond}$: values that are allowed to change freely (not present explicitly in this scalarization function).
+
+    The aspiration levels and the reservation levels are supplied for each classification, when relevant, in
+    the argument `classifications` as follows:
+
+    ```python
+    classifications = {
+        "f_1": ("<", None),
+        "f_2": ("<=", 42.1),
+        "f_3": (">=", 22.2),
+        "f_4": ("0", None)
+        }
+    ```
+
+    Here, we have assumed four objective functions. The key of the dict is a function's symbol, and the tuple
+    consists of a pair where the left element is the classification (self explanatory, '0' is for objective values
+    that may change freely), the right element is either `None` or an aspiration or a reservation level
+    depending on the classification.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to be scalarized.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the scalarization function, i.e., target of the optimization.
+        classifications_list (list[dict[str, tuple[str, float  |  None]]]): a list of dicts, where the key is a symbol
+            of an objective function, and the value is a tuple with a classification and an aspiration
+            or a reservation level, or `None`, depending on the classification. See above for an
+            explanation.
+        current_objective_vector (dict[str, float]): the current objective vector that corresponds to
+            a Pareto optimal solution. The classifications are assumed to been given in respect to
+            this vector.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 0.000001.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 0.000001.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: any of the given classifications do not define a classification
+            for all the objective functions or any of the given classifications do not allow at
+            least one objective function value to improve and one to worsen.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check that classifications have been provided for all objective functions
+    for classifications in classifications_list:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, classifications):
+            msg = (
+                f"The given classifications {classifications} do not define "
+                "a classification for all the objective functions."
+            )
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    corrected_current_point = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, current_objective_vector)
+    bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # max term and constraints
+    max_args = []
+    constraints = []
+
+    print(classifications_list)
+
+    for i in range(len(classifications_list)):
+        classifications = classifications_list[i]
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            _symbol = obj.symbol
+            match classifications[_symbol]:
+                case ("<", _):
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {ideal_point[_symbol]})"
+                    max_args.append(max_expr)
+
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("<=", aspiration):
+                    # if obj is to be maximized, then the current aspiration value needs to be multiplied by -1
+                    max_expr = (
+                        f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {aspiration * -1 if obj.maximize else aspiration})"
+                    )
+                    max_args.append(max_expr)
+
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_lte",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("=", _):
+                    # not relevant for this group scalarization
+                    pass
+
+                case (">=", reservation):
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {bounds[_symbol]} "
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Worsen until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_gte",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("0", _):
+                    # not relevant for this scalarization
+                    pass
+                case (c, _):
+                    msg = (
+                        f"Warning! The classification {c} was supplied, but it is not supported."
+                        "Must be one of ['<', '<=', '0', '=', '>=']"
+                    )
+    max_expr = f"Max({','.join(max_args)})"
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for _ in range(len(classifications_list)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{max_expr} + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="NIMBUS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+
+    _problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_nimbus_compromise(  # noqa: PLR0913
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    group_classification: dict[str, tuple[Literal["improve", "worsen", "conflict"], list[float]]],
+    current_objective_vector: dict[str, float],
+    *,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 0.000001,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 0.000001,
+    find_compromise: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    """Add a group-based NIMBUS scalarization (multiple decision-maker variant) to a Problem.
+
+    This function constructs and attaches a NIMBUS-style scalarization objective and
+    corresponding constraints derived from a group-level classification of objectives.
+    It supports three group classification types for each objective:
+    - "improve": the group wants the objective to improve relative to the provided
+        current objective vector;
+    - "worsen": the group accepts a worsening of the objective but enforces an
+        aggregate bound (agg_bounds);
+    - "conflict": the group contains conflicting preferences; when find_compromise
+        is True a compromise target is formed (median) and used like an "improve"
+        preference if the compromise is an improvement, otherwise the original current
+        point is enforced as in the "improve" fallback when find_compromise is False.
+    Behavior summary
+    - Validates that a classification is provided for every objective in the problem.
+    - Ensures an ideal and nadir point are available (uses corrected problem values if
+        not supplied; raises ScalarizationError otherwise).
+    - Converts objective values for maximization problems to the same minimization
+        convention used internally.
+    - Computes normalization weights for each objective using nadir, ideal, and the
+        provided delta (scalar or per-objective dict), i.e. weight_i = 1 / (nadir_i - (ideal_i - delta_i)).
+    - For each objective, depending on the group classification:
+            - "improve": may add a term to the scalarization's max(...) expression if the
+                chosen target represents an improvement; always adds an improvement constraint
+                that enforces the objective to be at least as good as the current point.
+            - "worsen": adds a constraint preventing the objective from exceeding the
+                provided agg_bounds value.
+            - "conflict": if find_compromise is True, selects the median target from the
+                group's values and treats it like an "improve" (if it improves); otherwise
+                enforces the current point via an improvement constraint.
+    - Constructs a scalarization objective of the form:
+            Max(weight_i * (obj_i_min - ideal_i) for selected i) + rho * sum(weight_j * obj_j_min)
+        where obj_k_min denotes the (possibly flipped) objective expression used for
+        minimization in the scalarization and rho is the small augmentation coefficient.
+    - Creates Constraint objects (with names and symbols derived from each objective)
+        and appends them to the problem along with the new ScalarizationFunction.
+    Parameters
+    - problem (Problem): The problem instance to which the scalarization and constraints
+        will be added. The function calls problem.add_scalarization(...) and
+        problem.add_constraints(...).
+    - symbol (str): Symbol/name for the new scalarization (target of optimization).
+    - group_classification (dict[str, tuple[str, list[float]]]):
+            A mapping from objective symbol -> (classification, group_targets).
+            The classification must be one of: "improve", "worsen", "conflict".
+            The second element is a list of numerical target values provided by the group
+            members for that objective. Interpretation:
+                - For "improve": the most ambitious group target is taken (currently the
+                    maximum for maximization problems or minimum for minimization problems).
+                - For "worsen": the strictest bound from the group is used to form a bound
+                    constraint (implementation currently uses agg_bounds instead).
+                - For "conflict": the median of the group targets is used when find_compromise
+                    is True; otherwise treated like enforcing the current point.
+    - current_objective_vector (dict[str, float]): Objective values corresponding to a
+        (reference) Pareto-optimal solution; used as baseline for improvement constraints.
+    - agg_bounds (dict[str, float]): Aggregate bounds that must not be violated for
+        objectives marked as "worsen" (values are converted appropriately for
+        maximization objectives).
+    - delta (dict[str, float] | float, optional): Small utopian offset used to compute
+        normalization weights. If a dict is given it should map objective symbols to
+        deltas; if a scalar is given the same delta is used for all objectives.
+        Default: 1e-6.
+    - ideal (dict[str, float] | None, optional): Ideal point values. If None, the
+        function attempts to obtain a corrected ideal point from the problem instance.
+    - nadir (dict[str, float] | None, optional): Nadir point values. If None, the
+        function attempts to obtain a corrected nadir point from the problem instance.
+    - rho (float, optional): Small augmentation coefficient multiplied by the linear
+        sum of weighted objectives to break ties and enforce weak Pareto optimality.
+        Default: 1e-6.
+    - find_compromise (bool, optional): If True, conflicting objectives use a median
+        compromise target; otherwise conflicts are enforced to keep current values.
+        Default: True.
+
+    Returns:
+    - tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing:
+            - A new Problem instance (or the original problem mutated/augmented depending
+                on Problem.add_scalarization/Problem.add_constraints semantics) with the
+                scalarization objective and additional constraints appended.
+            - The symbol (str) of the added scalarization.
+
+    Raises:
+    - ScalarizationError: if
+            - the group_classification mapping does not provide a classification for every
+                objective in the problem, or
+            - neither an explicit ideal nor a computable corrected ideal is available, or
+            - neither an explicit nadir nor a computable corrected nadir is available.
+    - KeyError: if group_classification does not contain entries for objective symbols
+        referenced in the problem (note: this will typically surface as KeyError during
+        processing).
+    Notes and implementation details
+    - The function internally flips maximization objectives into a minimization form
+        using flip_maximized_objective_values(...) so all scalarization math assumes
+        minimization semantics.
+    - Weight computation uses (nadir - (ideal - delta)); ensure delta is chosen so
+        denominator is positive.
+    - The "max" term in the scalarization is constructed from selected improving
+        objectives only; the augmentation term is the (weighted) sum over all objectives.
+    - Constraint objects are created with ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE and names/symbols
+        formatted like "improvement constraint for {symbol}" or "Worsen until constraint
+        for {symbol}".
+    - The function currently prints group_classification (left for debugging) — this
+        side effect may be removed in production code.
+    """
+    # check that classifications have been provided for all objective functions
+    if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, group_classification):
+        msg = (
+            f"The given classifications {group_classification} do not define "
+            "a classification for all the objective functions."
+        )
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    corrected_current_point = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, current_objective_vector)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # max term and constraints
+    max_args = []
+    constraints = []
+
+    print(group_classification)
+
+    # Derive the group classifications
+
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        _symbol = obj.symbol
+        match group_classification[_symbol][0]:
+            case "improve":
+                # Take the most ambitious target among the group (could be changed to something else as well)
+                target = (
+                    -max(group_classification[_symbol][1]) if obj.maximize else min(group_classification[_symbol][1])
+                )
+                if target < corrected_current_point[_symbol]:
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {target})"
+                    max_args.append(max_expr)
+
+                con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                constraints.append(
+                    Constraint(
+                        name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                        symbol=f"{_symbol}_lt",
+                        func=con_expr,
+                        cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            case "worsen":
+                # Take the strictest constraint given by the group (could be changed to something else as well)
+                target = (
+                    -max(group_classification[_symbol][1]) if obj.maximize else min(group_classification[_symbol][1])
+                )
+                con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {target} "
+                constraints.append(
+                    Constraint(
+                        name=f"Worsen until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                        symbol=f"{_symbol}_gte",
+                        func=con_expr,
+                        cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                    )
+                )
+            case "conflict":
+                if find_compromise:
+                    # Take the median target from the group (could be changed to something else as well)
+                    target = np.median(group_classification[_symbol][1])
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {target})"
+                    max_args.append(max_expr)
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]} - {
+                        (nadir_point[_symbol] - ideal_point[_symbol]) / 20
+                    }"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+            case _:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Warning! The classification {group_classification[_symbol]} was supplied, but it is not supported."
+                    "Must be one of ['improve', 'worsen', 'conflict']"
+                )
+    max_expr = f"Max({','.join(max_args)})"
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+
+    func = f"{max_expr} + {rho} * ({aug_expr})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="NIMBUS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+
+    _problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_nimbus_compromise_diff(  # noqa: PLR0913
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    group_classification: dict[str, tuple[Literal["improve", "worsen", "conflict"], list[float]]],
+    current_objective_vector: dict[str, float],
+    *,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 0.000001,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 0.000001,
+    find_compromise: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    """Add a group-based NIMBUS scalarization (multiple decision-maker variant) to a Problem.
+
+    This function constructs and attaches a NIMBUS-style scalarization objective and
+    corresponding constraints derived from a group-level classification of objectives.
+    It supports three group classification types for each objective:
+    - "improve": the group wants the objective to improve relative to the provided
+        current objective vector;
+    - "worsen": the group accepts a worsening of the objective but enforces an
+        aggregate bound (agg_bounds);
+    - "conflict": the group contains conflicting preferences; when find_compromise
+        is True a compromise target is formed (median) and used like an "improve"
+        preference if the compromise is an improvement, otherwise the original current
+        point is enforced as in the "improve" fallback when find_compromise is False.
+    Behavior summary
+    - Validates that a classification is provided for every objective in the problem.
+    - Ensures an ideal and nadir point are available (uses corrected problem values if
+        not supplied; raises ScalarizationError otherwise).
+    - Converts objective values for maximization problems to the same minimization
+        convention used internally.
+    - Computes normalization weights for each objective using nadir, ideal, and the
+        provided delta (scalar or per-objective dict), i.e. weight_i = 1 / (nadir_i - (ideal_i - delta_i)).
+    - For each objective, depending on the group classification:
+            - "improve": may add a term to the scalarization's max(...) expression if the
+                chosen target represents an improvement; always adds an improvement constraint
+                that enforces the objective to be at least as good as the current point.
+            - "worsen": adds a constraint preventing the objective from exceeding the
+                provided agg_bounds value.
+            - "conflict": if find_compromise is True, selects the median target from the
+                group's values and treats it like an "improve" (if it improves); otherwise
+                enforces the current point via an improvement constraint.
+    - Constructs a scalarization objective of the form:
+            Max(weight_i * (obj_i_min - ideal_i) for selected i) + rho * sum(weight_j * obj_j_min)
+        where obj_k_min denotes the (possibly flipped) objective expression used for
+        minimization in the scalarization and rho is the small augmentation coefficient.
+    - Creates Constraint objects (with names and symbols derived from each objective)
+        and appends them to the problem along with the new ScalarizationFunction.
+    Parameters
+    - problem (Problem): The problem instance to which the scalarization and constraints
+        will be added. The function calls problem.add_scalarization(...) and
+        problem.add_constraints(...).
+    - symbol (str): Symbol/name for the new scalarization (target of optimization).
+    - group_classification (dict[str, tuple[str, list[float]]]):
+            A mapping from objective symbol -> (classification, group_targets).
+            The classification must be one of: "improve", "worsen", "conflict".
+            The second element is a list of numerical target values provided by the group
+            members for that objective. Interpretation:
+                - For "improve": the most ambitious group target is taken (currently the
+                    maximum for maximization problems or minimum for minimization problems).
+                - For "worsen": the strictest bound from the group is used to form a bound
+                    constraint (implementation currently uses agg_bounds instead).
+                - For "conflict": the median of the group targets is used when find_compromise
+                    is True; otherwise treated like enforcing the current point.
+    - current_objective_vector (dict[str, float]): Objective values corresponding to a
+        (reference) Pareto-optimal solution; used as baseline for improvement constraints.
+    - agg_bounds (dict[str, float]): Aggregate bounds that must not be violated for
+        objectives marked as "worsen" (values are converted appropriately for
+        maximization objectives).
+    - delta (dict[str, float] | float, optional): Small utopian offset used to compute
+        normalization weights. If a dict is given it should map objective symbols to
+        deltas; if a scalar is given the same delta is used for all objectives.
+        Default: 1e-6.
+    - ideal (dict[str, float] | None, optional): Ideal point values. If None, the
+        function attempts to obtain a corrected ideal point from the problem instance.
+    - nadir (dict[str, float] | None, optional): Nadir point values. If None, the
+        function attempts to obtain a corrected nadir point from the problem instance.
+    - rho (float, optional): Small augmentation coefficient multiplied by the linear
+        sum of weighted objectives to break ties and enforce weak Pareto optimality.
+        Default: 1e-6.
+    - find_compromise (bool, optional): If True, conflicting objectives use a median
+        compromise target; otherwise conflicts are enforced to keep current values.
+        Default: True.
+
+    Returns:
+    - tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing:
+            - A new Problem instance (or the original problem mutated/augmented depending
+                on Problem.add_scalarization/Problem.add_constraints semantics) with the
+                scalarization objective and additional constraints appended.
+            - The symbol (str) of the added scalarization.
+
+    Raises:
+    - ScalarizationError: if
+            - the group_classification mapping does not provide a classification for every
+                objective in the problem, or
+            - neither an explicit ideal nor a computable corrected ideal is available, or
+            - neither an explicit nadir nor a computable corrected nadir is available.
+    - KeyError: if group_classification does not contain entries for objective symbols
+        referenced in the problem (note: this will typically surface as KeyError during
+        processing).
+    Notes and implementation details
+    - The function internally flips maximization objectives into a minimization form
+        using flip_maximized_objective_values(...) so all scalarization math assumes
+        minimization semantics.
+    - Weight computation uses (nadir - (ideal - delta)); ensure delta is chosen so
+        denominator is positive.
+    - The "max" term in the scalarization is constructed from selected improving
+        objectives only; the augmentation term is the (weighted) sum over all objectives.
+    - Constraint objects are created with ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE and names/symbols
+        formatted like "improvement constraint for {symbol}" or "Worsen until constraint
+        for {symbol}".
+    - The function currently prints group_classification (left for debugging) — this
+        side effect may be removed in production code.
+    """
+    # check that classifications have been provided for all objective functions
+    if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, group_classification):
+        msg = (
+            f"The given classifications {group_classification} do not define "
+            "a classification for all the objective functions."
+        )
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    corrected_current_point = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, current_objective_vector)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # max term and constraints
+    constraints = []
+
+    print(group_classification)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+
+    # Derive the group classifications
+
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        _symbol = obj.symbol
+        match group_classification[_symbol][0]:
+            case "improve":
+                # Take the most ambitious target among the group (could be changed to something else as well)
+                target = (
+                    -max(group_classification[_symbol][1]) if obj.maximize else min(group_classification[_symbol][1])
+                )
+                if target < corrected_current_point[_symbol]:
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {target}) - _alpha"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Max term linearization for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"max_con_{_symbol}",
+                            func=max_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                constraints.append(
+                    Constraint(
+                        name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                        symbol=f"{_symbol}_lt",
+                        func=con_expr,
+                        cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            case "worsen":
+                # Take the strictest constraint given by the group (could be changed to something else as well)
+                target = (
+                    -max(group_classification[_symbol][1]) if obj.maximize else min(group_classification[_symbol][1])
+                )
+                con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {target} "
+                constraints.append(
+                    Constraint(
+                        name=f"Worsen until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                        symbol=f"{_symbol}_gte",
+                        func=con_expr,
+                        cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                    )
+                )
+            case "conflict":
+                if find_compromise:
+                    # Take the median target from the group (could be changed to something else as well)
+                    target = np.median(group_classification[_symbol][1])
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {target}) - _alpha"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Max term linearization for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"max_con_{_symbol}",
+                            func=max_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]} - {
+                        (nadir_point[_symbol] - ideal_point[_symbol]) / 20
+                    }"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+            case _:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Warning! The classification {group_classification[_symbol]} was supplied, but it is not supported."
+                    "Must be one of ['improve', 'worsen', 'conflict']"
+                )
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho} * ({aug_expr})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="NIMBUS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_nimbus_sf(  # noqa: PLR0913
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    classifications_list: list[dict[str, tuple[str, float | None]]],
+    current_objective_vector: dict[str, float],
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: float = 0.000001,
+    rho: float = 0.000001,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Implements the multiple decision maker variant of the NIMBUS scalarization function. Variant without aggregated bounds.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i\in I^<,j\in I^\leq,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{ideal}_{id}),
+        w_{jd}(f_{jd}(\mathbf{x})-\hat{z}_{jd})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$, and $w_{jd} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{jd} - z^{uto}_{jd}}$.
+
+    The $I$-sets are related to the classifications given to each objective function value
+    in respect to  the current objective vector (e.g., by a decision maker). They
+    are as follows:
+
+    - $I^{<}$: values that should improve,
+    - $I^{\leq}$: values that should improve until a given aspiration level $\hat{z}_i$,
+    - $I^{=}$: values that are fine as they are,
+    - $I^{\geq}$: values that can be impaired until some reservation level $\varepsilon_i$, and
+    - $I^{\diamond}$: values that are allowed to change freely (not present explicitly in this scalarization function).
+
+    The aspiration levels and the reservation levels are supplied for each classification, when relevant, in
+    the argument `classifications` as follows:
+
+    ```python
+    classifications = {
+        "f_1": ("<", None),
+        "f_2": ("<=", 42.1),
+        "f_3": (">=", 22.2),
+        "f_4": ("0", None)
+        }
+    ```
+
+    Here, we have assumed four objective functions. The key of the dict is a function's symbol, and the tuple
+    consists of a pair where the left element is the classification (self explanatory, '0' is for objective values
+    that may change freely), the right element is either `None` or an aspiration or a reservation level
+    depending on the classification.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to be scalarized.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the scalarization function, i.e., target of the optimization.
+        classifications_list (list[dict[str, tuple[str, float  |  None]]]): a list of dicts, where the key is a symbol
+            of an objective function, and the value is a tuple with a classification and an aspiration
+            or a reservation level, or `None`, depending on the classification. See above for an
+            explanation.
+        current_objective_vector (dict[str, float]): the current objective vector that corresponds to
+            a Pareto optimal solution. The classifications are assumed to been given in respect to
+            this vector.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 0.000001.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 0.000001.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: any of the given classifications do not define a classification
+            for all the objective functions or any of the given classifications do not allow at
+            least one objective function value to improve and one to worsen.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check that classifications have been provided for all objective functions
+    for classifications in classifications_list:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, classifications):
+            msg = (
+                f"The given classifications {classifications} do not define "
+                "a classification for all the objective functions."
+            )
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+        # check that at least one objective function is allowed to be improved and one is
+        # allowed to worsen
+        if not any(classifications[obj.symbol][0] in ["<", "<="] for obj in problem.objectives) or not any(
+            classifications[obj.symbol][0] in [">=", "0"] for obj in problem.objectives
+        ):
+            msg = (
+                f"The given classifications {classifications} should allow at least one objective function value "
+                "to improve and one to worsen."
+            )
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    corrected_current_point = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, current_objective_vector)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = {
+        obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+    }
+
+    # max term and constraints
+    max_args = []
+    constraints = []
+
+    for i in range(len(classifications_list)):
+        classifications = classifications_list[i]
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            _symbol = obj.symbol
+            match classifications[_symbol]:
+                case ("<", _):
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {ideal_point[_symbol]})"
+                    max_args.append(max_expr)
+
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("<=", aspiration):
+                    # if obj is to be maximized, then the current aspiration value needs to be multiplied by -1
+                    max_expr = (
+                        f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {aspiration * -1 if obj.maximize else aspiration})"
+                    )
+                    max_args.append(max_expr)
+
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_lte",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("=", _):
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Stay at least as good constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_eq",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case (">=", reservation):
+                    # if obj is to be maximized, then the current reservation value needs to be multiplied by -1
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {-1 * reservation if obj.maximize else reservation}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Worsen until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_gte",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("0", _):
+                    # not relevant for this scalarization
+                    pass
+                case (c, _):
+                    msg = (
+                        f"Warning! The classification {c} was supplied, but it is not supported."
+                        "Must be one of ['<', '<=', '0', '=', '>=']"
+                    )
+    max_expr = f"Max({','.join(max_args)})"
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for _ in range(len(classifications_list)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{max_expr} + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="NIMBUS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+
+    _problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_nimbus_diff(  # noqa: PLR0913
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    classifications_list: list[dict[str, tuple[str, float | None]]],
+    current_objective_vector: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float],
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 0.000001,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 0.000001,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Implements the differentiable variant of the multiple decision maker of the group NIMBUS scalarization function.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        \mbox{minimize} \quad
+         &\alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x})\\
+        \mbox{subject to} \quad & w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{ideal}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0 \quad & \forall i \in I^<,\\
+        & w_{jd}(f_{jd}(\mathbf{x})-\hat{z}_{jd}) - \alpha \leq 0 \quad & \forall j \in I^\leq ,\\
+        & f_i(\mathbf{x}) - f_i(\mathbf{x_c}) \leq 0 \quad & \forall i \in I^< \cup I^\leq \cup I^= ,\\
+        & f_i(\mathbf{x}) - \epsilon_i \leq 0 \quad & \forall i \in I^\geq ,\\
+        & \mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$, and $w_{jd} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{jd} - z^{uto}_{jd}}$.
+
+    The $I$-sets are related to the classifications given to each objective function value
+    in respect to  the current objective vector (e.g., by a decision maker). They
+    are as follows:
+
+    - $I^{<}$: values that should improve,
+    - $I^{\leq}$: values that should improve until a given aspiration level $\hat{z}_i$,
+    - $I^{=}$: values that are fine as they are,
+    - $I^{\geq}$: values that can be impaired until some reservation level $\varepsilon_i$, and
+    - $I^{\diamond}$: values that are allowed to change freely (not present explicitly in this scalarization function).
+
+    The aspiration levels and the reservation levels are supplied for each classification, when relevant, in
+    the argument `classifications` as follows:
+
+    ```python
+    classifications = {
+        "f_1": ("<", None),
+        "f_2": ("<=", 42.1),
+        "f_3": (">=", 22.2),
+        "f_4": ("0", None)
+        }
+    ```
+
+    Here, we have assumed four objective functions. The key of the dict is a function's symbol, and the tuple
+    consists of a pair where the left element is the classification (self explanatory, '0' is for objective values
+    that may change freely), the right element is either `None` or an aspiration or a reservation level
+    depending on the classification.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem to be scalarized.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the scalarization function, i.e., target of the optimization.
+        classifications_list (list[dict[str, tuple[str, float  |  None]]]): a list of dicts, where the key is a symbol
+            of an objective function, and the value is a tuple with a classification and an aspiration
+            or a reservation level, or `None`, depending on the classification. See above for an
+            explanation.
+        current_objective_vector (dict[str, float]): the current objective vector that corresponds to
+            a Pareto optimal solution. The classifications are assumed to been given in respect to
+            this vector.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar used to define the utopian point. Defaults to 0.000001.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar used in the augmentation term. Defaults to 0.000001.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: any of the given classifications do not define a classification
+            for all the objective functions or any of the given classifications do not allow at
+            least one objective function value to improve and one to worsen.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check that classifications have been provided for all objective functions
+    for classifications in classifications_list:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, classifications):
+            msg = (
+                f"The given classifications {classifications} do not define "
+                "a classification for all the objective functions."
+            )
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    corrected_current_point = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, current_objective_vector)
+    bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / (nadir_point[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)) for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    constraints = []
+
+    for i in range(len(classifications_list)):
+        classifications = classifications_list[i]
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            _symbol = obj.symbol
+            match classifications[_symbol]:
+                case ("<", _):
+                    max_expr = f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {ideal_point[_symbol]}) - _alpha"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Max term linearization for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"max_con_{_symbol}_{i + 1}",
+                            func=max_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]} - _alpha"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_lt",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("<=", aspiration):
+                    # if obj is to be maximized, then the current aspiration value needs to be multiplied by -1
+                    max_expr = (
+                        f"{weights[_symbol]} * ({_symbol}_min - {aspiration * -1 if obj.maximize else aspiration}) "
+                        "- _alpha"
+                    )
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Max term linearization for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"max_con_{_symbol}_{i + 1}",
+                            func=max_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {corrected_current_point[_symbol]} - _alpha"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"improvement until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_lte",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("=", _):
+                    # not relevant for this group scalarization
+                    pass
+                case (">=", reservation):
+                    con_expr = f"{_symbol}_min - {bounds[_symbol]}"
+                    constraints.append(
+                        Constraint(
+                            name=f"Worsen until constraint for {_symbol}",
+                            symbol=f"{_symbol}_{i + 1}_gte",
+                            func=con_expr,
+                            cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                            is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+                            is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+                            is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+                        )
+                    )
+                case ("0", _):
+                    # not relevant for this scalarization
+                    pass
+                case (c, _):
+                    msg = (
+                        f"Warning! The classification {c} was supplied, but it is not supported."
+                        "Must be one of ['<', '<=', '0', '=', '>=']"
+                    )
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for _ in range(len(classifications_list)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable NIMBUS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_stom(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the multiple decision maker variant of the STOM scalarizing function.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{uto}_{id})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{\overline{z}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar value to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check reference points
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            msg = f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing value for one or more objectives."
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = []
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_point)
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((corrected_rp[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta[obj.symbol])
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((corrected_rp[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta)
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+
+    # form the max term
+    max_terms = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            if type(delta) is dict:
+                max_terms.append(
+                    f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]})"
+                )
+            else:
+                max_terms.append(f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta})")
+    max_terms = ", ".join(max_terms)
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[i][obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{Op.MAX}({max_terms}) + {rho}*({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="STOM scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+    problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        constraints = []
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+        problem = problem.add_constraints(constraints)
+
+    return problem, symbol
+
+
+def add_group_stom_agg(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    agg_aspirations: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float],
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the multiple decision maker variant of the STOM scalarizing function.
+
+    Both aggregated aspiration levels (min aspirations) and agg bounds (max bounds) are required.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{uto}_{id})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{\overline{z}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar value to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # Correct the aspirations and hard_constraints
+    agg_aspirations = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_aspirations)
+    agg_bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((agg_aspirations[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta[obj.symbol])
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((agg_aspirations[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta)
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the max and augmentation terms
+    max_terms = []
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            max_terms.append(
+                f"({weights[obj.symbol]}) * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]} )"
+            )
+        else:
+            max_terms.append(f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta})")
+
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+    aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    max_terms = ", ".join(max_terms)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{Op.MAX}({max_terms}) + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="STOM scalarizing function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+
+    constraints = []
+
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+        constraints.append(
+            Constraint(
+                name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                func=expr,
+                cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+            )
+        )
+
+    problem = problem.add_constraints(constraints)
+    problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+
+    return problem, symbol
+
+
+def add_group_stom_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the differentiable variant of the multiple decision maker variant of the STOM scalarizing function.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} && \alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} && w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{uto}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0,\\
+        &&&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{\overline{z}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar value to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check reference points
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            msg = f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing value for one or more objectives."
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = []
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_point)
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((corrected_rp[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta[obj.symbol])
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((corrected_rp[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta)
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+
+    # form the max term
+    con_terms = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        rp = {}
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            if type(delta) is dict:
+                rp[obj.symbol] = (
+                    f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]}) - _alpha"
+                )
+            else:
+                rp[obj.symbol] = (
+                    f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta}) - _alpha"
+                )
+        con_terms.append(rp)
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[i][obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    constraints = []
+    # loop to create a constraint for every objective of every reference point given
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            # since we are subtracting a constant value, the linearity, convexity,
+            # and differentiability of the objective function, and hence the
+            # constraint, should not change.
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con_{i + 1}",
+                    func=con_terms[i][obj.symbol],
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho}*({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable STOM scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_stom_agg_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    agg_aspirations: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the differentiable variant of the multiple decision maker variant of the STOM scalarizing function.
+
+    Both aggregated aspiration levels (min aspirations) and agg bounds (max bounds) are required.
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} && \alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} && w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{uto}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0,\\
+        &&&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{\overline{z}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar value to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+    # Correct the aspirations and hard_constraints
+    agg_aspirations = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_aspirations)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = {}
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((agg_aspirations[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta[obj.symbol])
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((agg_aspirations[obj.symbol] - ideal_point[obj.symbol]) + delta)
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the max term
+    con_terms = []
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            con_terms.append(
+                f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]}) - _alpha"
+            )
+        else:
+            con_terms.append(f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta}) - _alpha")
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+    aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    constraints = []
+    # loop to create a constraint for every objective of every reference point given
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            expr = (
+                f"({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol]}) / "
+                f"({agg_aspirations[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta[obj.symbol])}) - _alpha"
+            )
+        else:
+            expr = (
+                f"({obj.symbol}_min - {ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta}) / "
+                f"({agg_aspirations[obj.symbol] - (ideal_point[obj.symbol] - delta)}) - _alpha"
+            )
+        constraints.append(
+            Constraint(
+                name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_maxcon",
+                func=expr,
+                cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+            )
+        )
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho}*({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable STOM scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_guess(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the non-differentiable variant of the multiple decision maker variant of the GUESS scalarizing function.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{nad}_{id})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - \overline{z}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check reference points
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            msg = f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing value for one or more objectives."
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = []
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_point)
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]) - (corrected_rp[obj.symbol]))
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta) - (corrected_rp[obj.symbol]))
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+
+    # form the max term
+    max_terms = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_points[i])
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            if type(delta) is dict:
+                max_terms.append(
+                    f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]} )"
+                )
+            else:
+                max_terms.append(f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta})")
+    max_terms = ", ".join(max_terms)
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[i][obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{Op.MAX}({max_terms}) + {rho}*({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="GUESS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+    problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        constraints = []
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+        problem = problem.add_constraints(constraints)
+
+    return problem, symbol
+
+
+def add_group_guess_agg(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    agg_aspirations: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float],
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    ideal: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the multiple decision maker variant of the GUESS scalarizing function.
+
+    Both aggregated aspiration levels (min aspirations) and agg bounds (max bounds) are required.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\max_{i,d} [w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{uto}_{id})] +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} &&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{\overline{z}_{id} - z^{uto}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        ideal (dict[str, float], optional): ideal point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate ideal point from problem.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar value to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+
+    # check if ideal point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected ideal point
+    if ideal is not None:
+        ideal_point = ideal
+    elif problem.get_ideal_point() is not None:
+        ideal_point = get_corrected_ideal(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Ideal point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # Correct the aspirations and hard_constraints
+    agg_aspirations = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_aspirations)
+    agg_bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]) - (agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta) - (agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the max and augmentation terms
+    max_terms = []
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            max_terms.append(
+                f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]} )"
+            )
+        else:
+            max_terms.append(f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta})")
+
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+    aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    max_terms = ", ".join(max_terms)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    func = f"{Op.MAX}({max_terms}) + {rho} * ({aug_exprs})"
+
+    scalarization_function = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="GUESS scalarizing function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_twice_differentiable=False,
+    )
+
+    constraints = []
+
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {agg_bounds[obj.symbol]})"
+        constraints.append(
+            Constraint(
+                name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                func=expr,
+                cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+            )
+        )
+
+    problem = problem.add_constraints(constraints)
+    problem = problem.add_scalarization(scalarization_function)
+
+    return problem, symbol
+
+
+def add_group_guess_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the differentiable variant of the multiple decision maker variant of the GUESS scalarizing function.
+
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} && w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{nad}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0,\\
+        &&&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - \overline{z}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+    # check reference points
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            msg = f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing value for one or more objectives."
+            raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = []
+    for reference_point in reference_points:
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_point)
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]) - (corrected_rp[obj.symbol]))
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            weights.append(
+                {
+                    obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta) - (corrected_rp[obj.symbol]))
+                    for obj in problem.objectives
+                }
+            )
+
+    # form the max term
+    con_terms = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_points[i])
+        rp = {}
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            if type(delta) is dict:
+                rp[obj.symbol] = (
+                    f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]}) - _alpha"
+                )
+            else:
+                rp[obj.symbol] = (
+                    f"{weights[i][obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta}) - _alpha"
+                )
+        con_terms.append(rp)
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[i][obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+        aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    constraints = []
+    # loop to create a constraint for every objective of every reference point given
+    for i in range(len(reference_points)):
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            # since we are subtracting a constant value, the linearity, convexity,
+            # and differentiability of the objective function, and hence the
+            # constraint, should not change.
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con_{i + 1}",
+                    func=con_terms[i][obj.symbol],
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]} - _alpha)"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho}*({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable GUESS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_guess_agg_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    agg_aspirations: dict[str, float],
+    agg_bounds: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    delta: dict[str, float] | float = 1e-6,
+    nadir: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+    rho: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Adds the differentiable variant of the multiple decision maker variant of the GUESS scalarizing function.
+
+    Both aggregated aspiration levels (min aspirations) and agg bounds (max bounds) are required.
+    The scalarization function is defined as follows:
+
+    \begin{align}
+        &\mbox{minimize} &&\alpha +
+        \rho \sum^k_{i=1} \sum^{n_d}_{d=1} w_{id}f_{id}(\mathbf{x}) \\
+        &\mbox{subject to} && w_{id}(f_{id}(\mathbf{x})-z^{nad}_{id}) - \alpha \leq 0,\\
+        &&&\mathbf{x} \in \mathbf{X},
+    \end{align}
+
+    where $w_{id} = \frac{1}{z^{nad}_{id} - \overline{z}_{id}}$.
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of dicts with keys corresponding to objective
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e.,
+            aspiration levels.
+        nadir (dict[str, float], optional): nadir point values. If not given, attempt will be made
+            to calculate nadir point from problem.
+        agg_bounds dict[str, float]: a dictionary of bounds not to violate.
+        rho (float, optional): a small scalar value to scale the sum in the objective
+            function of the scalarization. Defaults to 1e-6.
+        delta (float, optional): a small scalar to define the utopian point. Defaults to 1e-6.
+
+    Raises:
+        ScalarizationError: there are missing elements in any reference point.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: a tuple with the copy of the problem with the added
+            scalarization and the symbol of the added scalarization.
+    """
+
+    # check if nadir point is specified
+    # if not specified, try to calculate corrected nadir point
+    if nadir is not None:
+        nadir_point = nadir
+    elif problem.get_nadir_point() is not None:
+        nadir_point = get_corrected_nadir(problem)
+    else:
+        msg = "Nadir point not defined!"
+        raise ScalarizationError(msg)
+
+    # define the auxiliary variable
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=1.0,
+    )
+
+    # Correct the aspirations and hard_constraints
+    agg_aspirations = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_aspirations)
+
+    # calculate the weights
+    weights = None
+    if type(delta) is dict:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]) - (agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+    else:
+        weights = {
+            obj.symbol: 1 / ((nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta) - (agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]))
+            for obj in problem.objectives
+        }
+
+    # form the max term
+    con_terms = []
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        if type(delta) is dict:
+            con_terms.append(
+                f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta[obj.symbol]}) - _alpha"
+            )
+        else:
+            con_terms.append(f"{weights[obj.symbol]} * ({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol] + delta}) - _alpha")
+
+    # form the augmentation term
+    aug_exprs = []
+    aug_expr = " + ".join([f"({weights[obj.symbol]} * {obj.symbol}_min)" for obj in problem.objectives])
+    aug_exprs.append(aug_expr)
+    aug_exprs = " + ".join(aug_exprs)
+
+    constraints = []
+    # loop to create a constraint for every objective of every reference point given
+    for obj in problem.objectives:
+        expr = (
+            f"({obj.symbol}_min - {nadir_point[obj.symbol]}) / "
+            f"({nadir_point[obj.symbol]} - {agg_aspirations[obj.symbol]}) - _alpha"
+        )
+        constraints.append(
+            Constraint(
+                name=f"Constraint for {obj.symbol}",
+                symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_maxcon",
+                func=expr,
+                cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+            )
+        )
+    #  get corrected bounds if exist
+    if agg_bounds is not None:
+        bounds = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, agg_bounds)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"({obj.symbol}_min - {bounds[obj.symbol]} - _alpha)"
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"Constraint bound for {obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con",
+                    func=expr,
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+    func = f"_alpha + {rho}*({aug_exprs})"
+    scalarization = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Differentiable GUESS scalarization objective function for multiple decision makers",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+    _problem = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    _problem = _problem.add_scalarization(scalarization)
+    return _problem.add_constraints(constraints), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_scenario_sf_nondiff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    weights: list[dict[str, float]],
+    epsilon: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Add the non-differentiable scenario based scalarization function.
+
+    Add the following scalarization function:
+    \begin{align}
+      \min_{\mathbf{x}}\quad
+        &\max_{i,p}\bigl[w_{ip}\bigl(f_{ip}(\mathbf{x}) - \bar z_{ip}\bigr)\bigr]
+        \;+\;\varepsilon \sum_{i,p} w_{ip}\bigl(f_{ip}(\mathbf{x}) - \bar z_{ip}\bigr) \\[6pt]
+      \text{s.t.}\quad
+        &\mathbf{x} \in \mathcal{X}\,,
+    \end{align}
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of reference points as objective dicts.
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e., aspiration levels.
+        weights (list[dict[str, float]]): the list of weights to be used in the scalarization function.
+            Must be positive.
+        epsilon: small augmentation multiplier ε
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing a copy of the problem with the scalarization function added,
+            and the symbol of the added scalarization function.
+    """
+    if len(reference_points) != len(weights):
+        raise ScalarizationError("reference_points and weights must have same length")
+
+    for reference_point, weight in zip(reference_points, weights, strict=True):
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, reference_point):
+            raise ScalarizationError(
+                f"The give reference point {reference_point} is missing value for one or more objectives."
+            )
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, weight):
+            raise ScalarizationError(f"The given weight vector {weight} is missing a value for one or more objectives.")
+
+    max_list: list[str] = []
+    sum_list: list[str] = []
+    for reference_point, weight in zip(reference_points, weights, strict=True):
+        corrected_ref_point = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, reference_point)
+
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"{weight[obj.symbol]}*({obj.symbol}_min - {corrected_ref_point[obj.symbol]})"
+            max_list.append(expr)
+            sum_list.append(expr)
+
+    max_part = f"{Op.MAX}({', '.join(max_list)})"
+    sum_part = " + ".join(sum_list)
+    func = f"{max_part} + {epsilon}*({sum_part})"
+
+    scalar = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Group non differentiable scalarization function for scenario based problems.",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+    return problem.add_scalarization(scalar), symbol
+
+
+def add_group_scenario_sf_diff(
+    problem: Problem,
+    symbol: str,
+    reference_points: list[dict[str, float]],
+    weights: list[dict[str, float]],
+    epsilon: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[Problem, str]:
+    r"""Add the differentiable scenario-based scalarization.
+
+    Adds the following scalarization function:
+    \begin{align}
+      \min_{x,\alpha}\quad
+        & \alpha \;+\; \varepsilon \sum_{i,p} w_{ip}\bigl(f_{ip}(x) - \bar z_{ip}\bigr) \\
+      \text{s.t.}\quad
+        & w_{ip}\bigl(f_{ip}(x) - \bar z_{ip}\bigr)\;-\;\alpha \;\le\;0
+          \quad\forall\,i,p,\\
+        & x \in \mathcal{X}\,,
+    \end{align}
+
+    Args:
+        problem (Problem): the problem the scalarization is added to.
+        symbol (str): the symbol given to the added scalarization.
+        reference_points (list[dict[str, float]]): a list of reference points as objective dicts.
+            function symbols and values to reference point components, i.e., aspiration levels.
+        weights (list[dict[str, float]]): the list of weights to be used in the scalarization function.
+            Must be positive.
+        epsilon: small augmentation multiplier ε
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[Problem, str]: A tuple containing a copy of the problem with the scalarization function added,
+            and the symbol of the added scalarization function.
+    """
+    if len(reference_points) != len(weights):
+        raise ScalarizationError("reference_points and weights must have same length")
+
+    for idx, (ref_point, weight) in enumerate(zip(reference_points, weights, strict=True)):
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, ref_point):
+            raise ScalarizationError(f"reference_points[{idx}] missing some objectives")
+        if not objective_dict_has_all_symbols(problem, weight):
+            raise ScalarizationError(f"weights[{idx}] missing some objectives")
+
+    alpha = Variable(
+        name="alpha",
+        symbol="_alpha",
+        variable_type=VariableTypeEnum.real,
+        lowerbound=-float("Inf"),
+        upperbound=float("Inf"),
+        initial_value=0.0,
+    )
+
+    sum_list = []
+    constraints = []
+
+    for idx, (ref_point, weight) in enumerate(zip(reference_points, weights, strict=True)):
+        corrected_rp = flip_maximized_objective_values(problem, ref_point)
+        for obj in problem.objectives:
+            expr = f"{weight[obj.symbol]}*({obj.symbol}_min - {corrected_rp[obj.symbol]})"
+            sum_list.append(expr)
+
+            constraints.append(
+                Constraint(
+                    name=f"ssf_con_{obj.symbol}",
+                    symbol=f"{obj.symbol}_con_{idx}",
+                    func=f"{expr} - {alpha.symbol}",
+                    cons_type=ConstraintTypeEnum.LTE,
+                    is_linear=obj.is_linear,
+                    is_convex=obj.is_convex,
+                    is_twice_differentiable=obj.is_twice_differentiable,
+                )
+            )
+
+    sum_part = " + ".join(sum_list)
+
+    func = f"_alpha + {epsilon}*({sum_part})"
+    scalar = ScalarizationFunction(
+        name="Scenario-based differentiable ASF",
+        symbol=symbol,
+        func=func,
+        is_linear=problem.is_linear,
+        is_convex=problem.is_convex,
+        is_twice_differentiable=problem.is_twice_differentiable,
+    )
+
+    problem_ = problem.add_variables([alpha])
+    problem_ = problem_.add_constraints(constraints)
+    problem_ = problem_.add_scalarization(scalar)
+
+    return problem_, symbol