dataframe-textual 2.2.1__py3-none-any.whl

dataframe_textual/data_frame_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3940 @@
+"""DataFrameTable widget for displaying and interacting with Polars DataFrames."""
+
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from pathlib import Path
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+import polars as pl
+from rich.text import Text, TextType
+from textual._two_way_dict import TwoWayDict
+from textual.coordinate import Coordinate
+from textual.events import Click
+from textual.reactive import reactive
+from textual.render import measure
+from textual.widgets import DataTable, TabPane
+from textual.widgets._data_table import (
+    CellDoesNotExist,
+    CellKey,
+    CellType,
+    Column,
+    ColumnKey,
+    CursorType,
+    DuplicateKey,
+    Row,
+    RowKey,
+)
+
+from .common import (
+    CURSOR_TYPES,
+    NULL,
+    NULL_DISPLAY,
+    RID,
+    SUBSCRIPT_DIGITS,
+    SUPPORTED_FORMATS,
+    DtypeConfig,
+    format_row,
+    get_next_item,
+    parse_placeholders,
+    round_to_nearest_hundreds,
+    tentative_expr,
+    validate_expr,
+)
+from .sql_screen import AdvancedSqlScreen, SimpleSqlScreen
+from .table_screen import FrequencyScreen, MetaColumnScreen, MetaShape, RowDetailScreen, StatisticsScreen
+from .yes_no_screen import (
+    AddColumnScreen,
+    AddLinkScreen,
+    ConfirmScreen,
+    EditCellScreen,
+    EditColumnScreen,
+    FilterScreen,
+    FindReplaceScreen,
+    FreezeScreen,
+    RenameColumnScreen,
+    SaveFileScreen,
+    SearchScreen,
+)
+
+# Color for highlighting selections and matches
+HIGHLIGHT_COLOR = "red"
+
+# Buffer size for loading rows
+BUFFER_SIZE = 5
+
+# Warning threshold for loading rows
+WARN_ROWS_THRESHOLD = 50_000
+
+# Maximum width for string columns before truncation
+STRING_WIDTH_CAP = 35
+
+
+@dataclass
+class History:
+    """Class to track history of dataframe states for undo/redo functionality."""
+
+    description: str
+    df: pl.DataFrame
+    df_view: pl.DataFrame | None
+    filename: str
+    hidden_columns: set[str]
+    selected_rows: set[int]
+    sorted_columns: dict[str, bool]  # col_name -> descending
+    matches: dict[int, set[str]]  # RID -> set of col names
+    fixed_rows: int
+    fixed_columns: int
+    cursor_coordinate: Coordinate
+    dirty: bool = False  # Whether this history state has unsaved changes
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ReplaceState:
+    """Class to track state during interactive replace operations."""
+
+    term_find: str
+    term_replace: str
+    match_nocase: bool
+    match_whole: bool
+    cidx: int  # Column index to search in, could be None for all columns
+    rows: list[int]  # List of row indices
+    cols_per_row: list[list[int]]  # List of list of column indices per row
+    current_rpos: int  # Current row position index in rows
+    current_cpos: int  # Current column position index within current row's cols
+    current_occurrence: int  # Current occurrence count (for display)
+    total_occurrence: int  # Total number of occurrences
+    replaced_occurrence: int  # Number of occurrences already replaced
+    skipped_occurrence: int  # Number of occurrences skipped
+    done: bool = False  # Whether the replace operation is complete
+
+
+def add_rid_column(df: pl.DataFrame) -> pl.DataFrame:
+    """Add internal row index as last column to the dataframe if not already present.
+
+    Args:
+        df: The Polars DataFrame to modify.
+
+    Returns:
+        The modified DataFrame with the internal row index column added.
+    """
+    if RID not in df.columns:
+        df = df.lazy().with_row_index(RID).select(pl.exclude(RID), RID).collect()
+    return df
+
+
+class DataFrameTable(DataTable):
+    """Custom DataTable to highlight row/column labels based on cursor position."""
+
+    # Help text for the DataTable which will be shown in the HelpPanel
+    HELP = dedent("""
+        # 📊 DataFrame Viewer - Table Controls
+
+        ## ⬆️ Navigation
+        - **↑↓←→** - 🎯 Move cursor (cell/row/column)
+        - **g** - ⬆️ Jump to first row
+        - **G** - ⬇️ Jump to last row
+        - **HOME/END** - 🎯 Jump to first/last column
+        - **Ctrl+HOME/END** - 🎯 Jump to page top/top
+        - **Ctrl+F** - 📜 Page down
+        - **Ctrl+B** - 📜 Page up
+        - **PgUp/PgDn** - 📜 Page up/down
+
+        ## ♻️ Undo/Redo/Reset
+        - **u** - ↩️ Undo last action
+        - **U** - 🔄 Redo last undone action
+        - **Ctrl+U** - 🔁 Reset to initial state
+
+        ## 👁️ Display
+        - **Enter** - 📋 Show row details in modal
+        - **F** - 📊 Show frequency distribution
+        - **s** - 📈 Show statistics for current column
+        - **S** - 📊 Show statistics for entire dataframe
+        - **m** - 📐 Show dataframe metadata (row/column counts)
+        - **M** - 📋 Show column metadata (ID, name, type)
+        - **h** - 👁️ Hide current column
+        - **H** - 👀 Show all hidden rows/columns
+        - **_** - 📏 Toggle column full width
+        - **z** - 📌 Freeze rows and columns
+        - **~** - 🏷️ Toggle row labels
+        - **,** - 🔢 Toggle thousand separator for numeric display
+        - **K** - 🔄 Cycle cursor (cell → row → column → cell)
+
+        ## ↕️ Sorting
+        - **[** - 🔼 Sort column ascending
+        - **]** - 🔽 Sort column descending
+        - *(Multi-column sort supported)*
+
+        ## ✅ Row Selection
+        - **\\\\** - ✅ Select rows with cell matches or those matching cursor value in current column
+        - **|** - ✅ Select rows with expression
+        - **'** - ✅ Select/deselect current row
+        - **t** - 💡 Toggle row selection (invert all)
+        - **T** - 🧹 Clear all selections and matches
+        - **{** - ⬆️ Go to previous selected row
+        - **}** - ⬇️ Go to next selected row
+        - *(Supports case-insensitive & whole-word matching)*
+
+        ## 🔎 Find & Replace
+        - **/** - 🔎 Find in current column with cursor value
+        - **?** - 🔎 Find in current column with expression
+        - **;** - 🌐 Global find using cursor value
+        - **:** - 🌐 Global find with expression
+        - **n** - ⬇️ Go to next match
+        - **N** - ⬆️ Go to previous match
+        - **r** - 🔄 Replace in current column (interactive or all)
+        - **R** - 🔄 Replace across all columns (interactive or all)
+        - *(Supports case-insensitive & whole-word matching)*
+
+        ## 👁️ View & Filter
+        - **"** - 📍 Filter selected rows (removes others)
+        - **v** - 👁️ View selected rows (hides others)
+        - **V** - 🔧 View selected rows matching expression (hides others)
+
+        ## 🔍 SQL Interface
+        - **l** - 💬 Open simple SQL interface (select columns & where clause)
+        - **L** - 🔎 Open advanced SQL interface (full SQL queries)
+
+        ## ✏️ Editing
+        - **Double-click** - ✍️ Edit cell or rename column header
+        - **e** - ✍️ Edit current cell
+        - **E** - 📊 Edit entire column with expression
+        - **a** - ➕ Add empty column after current
+        - **A** - ➕ Add column with name and optional expression
+        - **@** - 🔗 Add a new link column from template
+        - **x** - ❌ Delete current row
+        - **X** - ❌ Delete row and those below
+        - **Ctrl+X** - ❌ Delete row and those above
+        - **delete** - ❌ Clear current cell (set to NULL)
+        - **-** - ❌ Delete current column
+        - **d** - 📋 Duplicate current column
+        - **D** - 📋 Duplicate current row
+
+        ## 🎯 Reorder
+        - **Shift+↑↓** - ⬆️⬇️ Move row up/down
+        - **Shift+←→** - ⬅️➡️ Move column left/right
+
+        ## 🎨 Type Casting
+        - **#** - 🔢 Cast column to integer
+        - **%** - 🔢 Cast column to float
+        - **!** - ✅ Cast column to boolean
+        - **$** - 📝 Cast column to string
+
+        ## 💾 Copy & Save
+        - **c** - 📋 Copy cell to clipboard
+        - **Ctrl+c** - 📊 Copy column to clipboard
+        - **Ctrl+r** - 📝 Copy row to clipboard (tab-separated)
+        - **Ctrl+s** - 💾 Save current tab to file
+    """).strip()
+
+    # fmt: off
+    BINDINGS = [
+        # Navigation
+        ("g", "jump_top", "Jump to top"),
+        ("G", "jump_bottom", "Jump to bottom"),
+        ("pageup,ctrl+b", "page_up", "Page up"),
+        ("pagedown,ctrl+f", "page_down", "Page down"),
+        # Undo/Redo/Reset
+        ("u", "undo", "Undo"),
+        ("U", "redo", "Redo"),
+        ("ctrl+u", "reset", "Reset to initial state"),
+        # Display
+        ("h", "hide_column", "Hide column"),
+        ("H", "show_hidden_rows_columns", "Show hidden rows/columns"),
+        ("tilde", "toggle_row_labels", "Toggle row labels"),  # `~`
+        ("K", "cycle_cursor_type", "Cycle cursor mode"),  # `K`
+        ("z", "freeze_row_column", "Freeze rows/columns"),
+        ("comma", "show_thousand_separator", "Toggle thousand separator"),  # `,`
+        ("underscore", "expand_column", "Expand column to full width"),  # `_`
+        ("circumflex_accent", "toggle_rid", "Toggle internal row index"),  # `^`
+        # Copy
+        ("c", "copy_cell", "Copy cell to clipboard"),
+        ("ctrl+c", "copy_column", "Copy column to clipboard"),
+        ("ctrl+r", "copy_row", "Copy row to clipboard"),
+        # Save
+        ("ctrl+s", "save_to_file", "Save to file"),
+        # Metadata, Detail, Frequency, and Statistics
+        ("m", "metadata_shape", "Show metadata for row count and column count"),
+        ("M", "metadata_column", "Show metadata for column"),
+        ("enter", "view_row_detail", "View row details"),
+        ("F", "show_frequency", "Show frequency"),
+        ("s", "show_statistics", "Show statistics for column"),
+        ("S", "show_statistics('dataframe')", "Show statistics for dataframe"),
+        # Sort
+        ("left_square_bracket", "sort_ascending", "Sort ascending"),  # `[`
+        ("right_square_bracket", "sort_descending", "Sort descending"),  # `]`
+        # View & Filter
+        ("v", "view_rows", "View selected rows"),
+        ("V", "view_rows_expr", "View selected rows matching expression"),
+        ("quotation_mark", "filter_rows", "Filter selected rows"),  # `"`
+        # Row Selection
+        ("backslash", "select_row", "Select rows with cell matches or those matching cursor value in current column"),  # `\`
+        ("vertical_line", "select_row_expr", "Select rows with expression"),  # `|`
+        ("right_curly_bracket", "next_selected_row", "Go to next selected row"),  # `}`
+        ("left_curly_bracket", "previous_selected_row", "Go to previous selected row"),  # `{`
+        ("apostrophe", "toggle_row_selection", "Toggle row selection"),  # `'`
+        ("t", "toggle_selections", "Toggle all row selections"),
+        ("T", "clear_selections_and_matches", "Clear selections"),
+        # Find & Replace
+        ("slash", "find_cursor_value", "Find in column with cursor value"),  # `/`
+        ("question_mark", "find_expr", "Find in column with expression"),  # `?`
+        ("semicolon", "find_cursor_value('global')", "Global find with cursor value"),  # `;`
+        ("colon", "find_expr('global')", "Global find with expression"),  # `:`
+        ("n", "next_match", "Go to next match"),  # `n`
+        ("N", "previous_match", "Go to previous match"),  # `Shift+n`
+        ("r", "replace", "Replace in column"),  # `r`
+        ("R", "replace_global", "Replace global"),  # `Shift+R`
+        # Delete
+        ("delete", "clear_cell", "Clear cell"),
+        ("minus", "delete_column", "Delete column"),  # `-`
+        ("x", "delete_row", "Delete row"),
+        ("X", "delete_row_and_below", "Delete row and those below"),
+        ("ctrl+x", "delete_row_and_up", "Delete row and those up"),
+        # Duplicate
+        ("d", "duplicate_column", "Duplicate column"),
+        ("D", "duplicate_row", "Duplicate row"),
+        # Edit
+        ("e", "edit_cell", "Edit cell"),
+        ("E", "edit_column", "Edit column"),
+        # Add
+        ("a", "add_column", "Add column"),
+        ("A", "add_column_expr", "Add column with expression"),
+        ("at", "add_link_column", "Add a link column"),  # `@`
+        # Reorder
+        ("shift+left", "move_column_left", "Move column left"),
+        ("shift+right", "move_column_right", "Move column right"),
+        ("shift+up", "move_row_up", "Move row up"),
+        ("shift+down", "move_row_down", "Move row down"),
+        # Type Casting
+        ("number_sign", "cast_column_dtype('pl.Int64')", "Cast column dtype to integer"),  # `#`
+        ("percent_sign", "cast_column_dtype('pl.Float64')", "Cast column dtype to float"),  # `%`
+        ("exclamation_mark", "cast_column_dtype('pl.Boolean')", "Cast column dtype to bool"),  # `!`
+        ("dollar_sign", "cast_column_dtype('pl.String')", "Cast column dtype to string"),  # `$`
+        # Sql
+        ("l", "simple_sql", "Simple SQL interface"),
+        ("L", "advanced_sql", "Advanced SQL interface"),
+    ]
+    # fmt: on
+
+    # Track if dataframe has unsaved changes
+    dirty: reactive[bool] = reactive(False)
+
+    def __init__(self, df: pl.DataFrame, filename: str = "", tabname: str = "", **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Initialize the DataFrameTable with a dataframe and manage all state.
+
+        Sets up the table widget with display configuration, loads the dataframe, and
+        initializes all state tracking variables for row/column operations.
+
+        Args:
+            df: The Polars DataFrame to display and edit.
+            filename: Optional source filename for the data (used in save operations). Defaults to "".
+            tabname: Optional name for the tab displaying this dataframe. Defaults to "".
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed to the parent DataTable widget.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+        # DataFrame state
+        self.dataframe = add_rid_column(df)  # Original dataframe
+        self.df = self.dataframe  # Internal/working dataframe
+        self.filename = filename or "untitled.csv"  # Current filename
+        self.tabname = tabname or Path(filename).stem  # Tab name
+
+        # In view mode, this is the copy of self.df
+        self.df_view = None
+
+        # Pagination & Loading
+        self.BATCH_SIZE = max((self.app.size.height // 100 + 1) * 100, 100)
+        self.loaded_rows = 0  # Track how many rows are currently loaded
+        self.loaded_ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []  # List of (start, end) row indices that are loaded
+
+        # State tracking (all 0-based indexing)
+        self.hidden_columns: set[str] = set()  # Set of hidden column names
+        self.selected_rows: set[int] = set()  # Track selected rows by RID
+        self.sorted_columns: dict[str, bool] = {}  # col_name -> descending
+        self.matches: dict[int, set[str]] = defaultdict(set)  # Track search matches: RID -> set of col_names
+
+        # Freezing
+        self.fixed_rows = 0  # Number of fixed rows
+        self.fixed_columns = 0  # Number of fixed columns
+
+        # History stack for undo
+        self.histories_undo: deque[History] = deque()
+        # History stack for redo
+        self.histories_redo: deque[History] = deque()
+
+        # Whether to use thousand separator for numeric display
+        self.thousand_separator = False
+
+        # Set of columns expanded to full width
+        self.expanded_columns: set[str] = set()
+
+        # Whether to show internal row index column
+        self.show_rid = False
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_key(self) -> CellKey:
+        """Get the current cursor position as a CellKey.
+
+        Returns:
+            CellKey: A CellKey object representing the current cursor position.
+        """
+        return self.coordinate_to_cell_key(self.cursor_coordinate)
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_row_key(self) -> RowKey:
+        """Get the current cursor row as a RowKey.
+
+        Returns:
+            RowKey: The row key for the row containing the cursor.
+        """
+        return self.cursor_key.row_key
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_col_key(self) -> ColumnKey:
+        """Get the current cursor column as a ColumnKey.
+
+        Returns:
+            ColumnKey: The column key for the column containing the cursor.
+        """
+        return self.cursor_key.column_key
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_row_idx(self) -> int:
+        """Get the current cursor row index (0-based) as in dataframe.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The 0-based row index of the cursor position.
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: If the cursor row index is out of bounds.
+        """
+        ridx = int(self.cursor_row_key.value)
+        assert 0 <= ridx < len(self.df), "Cursor row index is out of bounds"
+        return ridx
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_col_idx(self) -> int:
+        """Get the current cursor column index (0-based) as in dataframe.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The 0-based column index of the cursor position.
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: If the cursor column index is out of bounds.
+        """
+        cidx = self.df.columns.index(self.cursor_col_key.value)
+        assert 0 <= cidx < len(self.df.columns), "Cursor column index is out of bounds"
+        return cidx
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_col_name(self) -> str:
+        """Get the current cursor column name as in dataframe.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: The name of the column containing the cursor.
+        """
+        return self.cursor_col_key.value
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_value(self) -> Any:
+        """Get the current cursor cell value in the dataframe.
+
+        Returns:
+            Any: The value of the cell at the cursor position.
+        """
+        return self.df.item(self.cursor_row_idx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+
+    @property
+    def ordered_selected_rows(self) -> list[int]:
+        """Get the list of selected row indices in order.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[int]: A list of 0-based row indices that are currently selected.
+        """
+        return [ridx for ridx, rid in enumerate(self.df[RID]) if rid in self.selected_rows]
+
+    @property
+    def ordered_matches(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        """Get the list of matched cell coordinates in order.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[tuple[int, int]]: A list of (row_idx, col_idx) tuples for matched cells.
+        """
+        matches = []
+
+        # Uniq columns
+        cols_to_check = set()
+        for cols in self.matches.values():
+            cols_to_check.update(cols)
+
+        # Ordered columns
+        cidx2col = {cidx: col for cidx, col in enumerate(self.df.columns) if col in cols_to_check}
+
+        for ridx, rid in enumerate(self.df[RID]):
+            if cols := self.matches.get(rid):
+                for cidx, col in cidx2col.items():
+                    if col in cols:
+                        matches.append((ridx, cidx))
+
+        return matches
+
+    def _round_to_nearest_hundreds(self, num: int):
+        """Round a number to the nearest hundreds.
+
+        Args:
+            num: The number to round.
+        """
+        return round_to_nearest_hundreds(num, N=self.BATCH_SIZE)
+
+    def get_row_idx(self, row_key: RowKey) -> int:
+        """Get the row index for a given table row key.
+
+        Args:
+            row_key: Row key as string.
+        """
+        return super().get_row_index(row_key)
+
+    def get_row_key(self, row_idx: int) -> RowKey:
+        """Get the row key for a given table row index.
+
+        Args:
+            row_idx: Row index in the table display.
+
+        Returns:
+            Corresponding row key as string.
+        """
+        return self._row_locations.get_key(row_idx)
+
+    def get_col_idx(self, col_key: ColumnKey) -> int:
+        """Get the column index for a given table column key.
+
+        Args:
+            col_key: Column key as string.
+
+        Returns:
+            Corresponding column index as int.
+        """
+        return super().get_column_index(col_key)
+
+    def get_col_key(self, col_idx: int) -> ColumnKey:
+        """Get the column key for a given table column index.
+
+        Args:
+            col_idx: Column index in the table display.
+
+        Returns:
+            Corresponding column key as string.
+        """
+        return self._column_locations.get_key(col_idx)
+
+    def _should_highlight(self, cursor: Coordinate, target_cell: Coordinate, type_of_cursor: CursorType) -> bool:
+        """Determine if the given cell should be highlighted because of the cursor.
+
+        In "cell" mode, also highlights the row and column headers. This overrides the default
+        behavior of DataTable which only highlights the exact cell under the cursor.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: The current position of the cursor.
+            target_cell: The cell we're checking for the need to highlight.
+            type_of_cursor: The type of cursor that is currently active ("cell", "row", or "column").
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the target cell should be highlighted, False otherwise.
+        """
+        if type_of_cursor == "cell":
+            # Return true if the cursor is over the target cell
+            # This includes the case where the cursor is in the same row or column
+            return (
+                cursor == target_cell
+                or (target_cell.row == -1 and target_cell.column == cursor.column)
+                or (target_cell.column == -1 and target_cell.row == cursor.row)
+            )
+        elif type_of_cursor == "row":
+            cursor_row, _ = cursor
+            cell_row, _ = target_cell
+            return cursor_row == cell_row
+        elif type_of_cursor == "column":
+            _, cursor_column = cursor
+            _, cell_column = target_cell
+            return cursor_column == cell_column
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def watch_cursor_coordinate(self, old_coordinate: Coordinate, new_coordinate: Coordinate) -> None:
+        """Handle cursor position changes and refresh highlighting.
+
+        This method is called by Textual whenever the cursor moves. It refreshes cells that need
+        to change their highlight state. Also emits CellSelected message when cursor type is "cell"
+        for keyboard navigation only (mouse clicks already trigger it).
+
+        Args:
+            old_coordinate: The previous cursor coordinate.
+            new_coordinate: The new cursor coordinate.
+        """
+        if old_coordinate != new_coordinate:
+            # Emit CellSelected message for cell cursor type (keyboard navigation only)
+            # Only emit if this is from keyboard navigation (flag is True when from keyboard)
+            if self.cursor_type == "cell" and getattr(self, "_from_keyboard", False):
+                self._from_keyboard = False  # Reset flag
+                try:
+                    self._post_selected_message()
+                except CellDoesNotExist:
+                    # This could happen when after calling clear(), the old coordinate is invalid
+                    pass
+
+            # For cell cursor type, refresh old and new row/column headers
+            if self.cursor_type == "cell":
+                old_row, old_col = old_coordinate
+                new_row, new_col = new_coordinate
+
+                # Refresh entire column (not just header) to ensure proper highlighting
+                self.refresh_column(old_col)
+                self.refresh_column(new_col)
+
+                # Refresh entire row (not just header) to ensure proper highlighting
+                self.refresh_row(old_row)
+                self.refresh_row(new_row)
+            elif self.cursor_type == "row":
+                self.refresh_row(old_coordinate.row)
+                self._highlight_row(new_coordinate.row)
+            elif self.cursor_type == "column":
+                self.refresh_column(old_coordinate.column)
+                self._highlight_column(new_coordinate.column)
+
+            # Handle scrolling if needed
+            if self._require_update_dimensions:
+                self.call_after_refresh(self._scroll_cursor_into_view)
+            else:
+                self._scroll_cursor_into_view()
+
+    def watch_dirty(self, old_dirty: bool, new_dirty: bool) -> None:
+        """Watch for changes to the dirty state and update tab title.
+
+        When new_dirty is True, set the tab color to red.
+        When new_dirty is False, remove the red color.
+
+        Args:
+            old_dirty: The old dirty state.
+            new_dirty: The new dirty state.
+        """
+        if old_dirty == new_dirty:
+            return  # No change
+
+        # Find the corresponding ContentTab
+        content_tab = self.app.query_one(f"#--content-tab-{self.id}")
+        if content_tab:
+            if new_dirty:
+                content_tab.add_class("dirty")
+            else:
+                content_tab.remove_class("dirty")
+
+    def move_cursor_to(self, ridx: int | None = None, cidx: int | None = None) -> None:
+        """Move cursor based on the dataframe indices.
+
+        Args:
+            ridx: Row index (0-based) in the dataframe.
+            cidx: Column index (0-based) in the dataframe.
+        """
+        # Ensure the target row is loaded
+        start, stop = self._round_to_nearest_hundreds(ridx)
+        self.load_rows_range(start, stop)
+
+        row_key = self.cursor_row_key if ridx is None else str(ridx)
+        col_key = self.cursor_col_key if cidx is None else self.df.columns[cidx]
+        row_idx, col_idx = self.get_cell_coordinate(row_key, col_key)
+        self.move_cursor(row=row_idx, column=col_idx)
+
+    def on_mount(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize table display when the widget is mounted.
+
+        Called by Textual when the widget is first added to the display tree.
+        Currently a placeholder as table setup is deferred until first use.
+        """
+        # self.setup_table()
+        pass
+
+    def on_key(self, event) -> None:
+        """Handle key press events for pagination.
+
+        Args:
+            event: The key event object.
+        """
+        if event.key == "up":
+            # Let the table handle the navigation first
+            self.load_rows_up()
+        elif event.key == "down":
+            # Let the table handle the navigation first
+            self.load_rows_down()
+
+    def on_click(self, event: Click) -> None:
+        """Handle mouse click events on the table.
+
+        Supports double-click editing of cells and renaming of column headers.
+
+        Args:
+            event: The click event containing row and column information.
+        """
+        if self.cursor_type == "cell" and event.chain > 1:  # only on double-click or more
+            try:
+                row_idx = event.style.meta["row"]
+                col_idx = event.style.meta["column"]
+            except (KeyError, TypeError):
+                return  # Unable to get row/column info
+
+            # header row
+            if row_idx == -1:
+                self.do_rename_column(col_idx)
+            else:
+                self.do_edit_cell()
+
+    # Action handlers for BINDINGS
+    def action_jump_top(self) -> None:
+        """Jump to the top of the table."""
+        self.do_jump_top()
+
+    def action_jump_bottom(self) -> None:
+        """Jump to the bottom of the table."""
+        self.do_jump_bottom()
+
+    def action_page_up(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor one page up."""
+        self.do_page_up()
+
+    def action_page_down(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor one page down."""
+        self.do_page_down()
+
+    def action_view_row_detail(self) -> None:
+        """View details of the current row."""
+        self.do_view_row_detail()
+
+    def action_delete_column(self) -> None:
+        """Delete the current column."""
+        self.do_delete_column()
+
+    def action_hide_column(self) -> None:
+        """Hide the current column."""
+        self.do_hide_column()
+
+    def action_expand_column(self) -> None:
+        """Expand the current column to its full width."""
+        self.do_expand_column()
+
+    def action_toggle_rid(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle the internal row index column visibility."""
+        self.do_toggle_rid()
+
+    def action_show_hidden_rows_columns(self) -> None:
+        """Show all hidden rows/columns."""
+        self.do_show_hidden_rows_columns()
+
+    def action_sort_ascending(self) -> None:
+        """Sort by current column in ascending order."""
+        self.do_sort_by_column(descending=False)
+
+    def action_sort_descending(self) -> None:
+        """Sort by current column in descending order."""
+        self.do_sort_by_column(descending=True)
+
+    def action_save_to_file(self) -> None:
+        """Save the current dataframe to a file."""
+        self.do_save_to_file()
+
+    def action_show_frequency(self) -> None:
+        """Show frequency distribution for the current column."""
+        self.do_show_frequency()
+
+    def action_show_statistics(self, scope: str = "column") -> None:
+        """Show statistics for the current column or entire dataframe.
+
+        Args:
+            scope: Either "column" for current column stats or "dataframe" for all columns.
+        """
+        self.do_show_statistics(scope)
+
+    def action_metadata_shape(self) -> None:
+        """Show metadata about the dataframe (row and column counts)."""
+        self.do_metadata_shape()
+
+    def action_metadata_column(self) -> None:
+        """Show metadata for the current column."""
+        self.do_metadata_column()
+
+    def action_view_rows(self) -> None:
+        """View rows by current cell value."""
+        self.do_view_rows()
+
+    def action_view_rows_expr(self) -> None:
+        """Open the advanced filter screen."""
+        self.do_view_rows_expr()
+
+    def action_edit_cell(self) -> None:
+        """Edit the current cell."""
+        self.do_edit_cell()
+
+    def action_edit_column(self) -> None:
+        """Edit the entire current column with an expression."""
+        self.do_edit_column()
+
+    def action_add_column(self) -> None:
+        """Add an empty column after the current column."""
+        self.do_add_column()
+
+    def action_add_column_expr(self) -> None:
+        """Add a new column with optional expression after the current column."""
+        self.do_add_column_expr()
+
+    def action_add_link_column(self) -> None:
+        """Open AddLinkScreen to create a new link column from a Polars expression."""
+        self.do_add_link_column()
+
+    def action_rename_column(self) -> None:
+        """Rename the current column."""
+        self.do_rename_column()
+
+    def action_clear_cell(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the current cell (set to None)."""
+        self.do_clear_cell()
+
+    def action_select_row(self) -> None:
+        """Select rows with cursor value in the current column."""
+        self.do_select_row()
+
+    def action_select_row_expr(self) -> None:
+        """Select rows by expression."""
+        self.do_select_row_expr()
+
+    def action_find_cursor_value(self, scope="column") -> None:
+        """Find by cursor value.
+
+        Args:
+            scope: "column" to find in current column, "global" to find across all columns.
+        """
+        self.do_find_cursor_value(scope=scope)
+
+    def action_find_expr(self, scope="column") -> None:
+        """Find by expression.
+
+        Args:
+            scope: "column" to find in current column, "global" to find across all columns.
+        """
+        self.do_find_expr(scope=scope)
+
+    def action_replace(self) -> None:
+        """Replace values in current column."""
+        self.do_replace()
+
+    def action_replace_global(self) -> None:
+        """Replace values across all columns."""
+        self.do_replace_global()
+
+    def action_toggle_row_selection(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle selection for the current row."""
+        self.do_toggle_row_selection()
+
+    def action_toggle_selections(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle all row selections."""
+        self.do_toggle_selections()
+
+    def action_filter_rows(self) -> None:
+        """Filter to show only selected rows."""
+        self.do_filter_rows()
+
+    def action_delete_row(self) -> None:
+        """Delete the current row."""
+        self.do_delete_row()
+
+    def action_delete_row_and_below(self) -> None:
+        """Delete the current row and those below."""
+        self.do_delete_row(more="below")
+
+    def action_delete_row_and_up(self) -> None:
+        """Delete the current row and those above."""
+        self.do_delete_row(more="above")
+
+    def action_duplicate_column(self) -> None:
+        """Duplicate the current column."""
+        self.do_duplicate_column()
+
+    def action_duplicate_row(self) -> None:
+        """Duplicate the current row."""
+        self.do_duplicate_row()
+
+    def action_undo(self) -> None:
+        """Undo the last action."""
+        self.do_undo()
+
+    def action_redo(self) -> None:
+        """Redo the last undone action."""
+        self.do_redo()
+
+    def action_reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset to the initial state."""
+        self.do_reset()
+
+    def action_move_column_left(self) -> None:
+        """Move the current column to the left."""
+        self.do_move_column("left")
+
+    def action_move_column_right(self) -> None:
+        """Move the current column to the right."""
+        self.do_move_column("right")
+
+    def action_move_row_up(self) -> None:
+        """Move the current row up."""
+        self.do_move_row("up")
+
+    def action_move_row_down(self) -> None:
+        """Move the current row down."""
+        self.do_move_row("down")
+
+    def action_clear_selections_and_matches(self) -> None:
+        """Clear all row selections and matches."""
+        self.do_clear_selections_and_matches()
+
+    def action_cycle_cursor_type(self) -> None:
+        """Cycle through cursor types."""
+        self.do_cycle_cursor_type()
+
+    def action_freeze_row_column(self) -> None:
+        """Open the freeze screen."""
+        self.do_freeze_row_column()
+
+    def action_toggle_row_labels(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle row labels visibility."""
+        self.show_row_labels = not self.show_row_labels
+        # status = "shown" if self.show_row_labels else "hidden"
+        # self.notify(f"Row labels {status}", title="Labels")
+
+    def action_cast_column_dtype(self, dtype: str | pl.DataType) -> None:
+        """Cast the current column to a different data type."""
+        self.do_cast_column_dtype(dtype)
+
+    def action_copy_cell(self) -> None:
+        """Copy the current cell to clipboard."""
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        try:
+            cell_str = str(self.df.item(ridx, cidx))
+            self.do_copy_to_clipboard(cell_str, f"Copied: [$success]{cell_str[:50]}[/]")
+        except IndexError:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error copying cell ([$error]{ridx}[/], [$accent]{cidx}[/])",
+                title="Clipboard",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+
+    def action_copy_column(self) -> None:
+        """Copy the current column to clipboard (one value per line)."""
+        col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+
+        try:
+            # Get all values in the column and join with newlines
+            col_values = [str(val) for val in self.df[col_name].to_list()]
+            col_str = "\n".join(col_values)
+
+            self.do_copy_to_clipboard(
+                col_str,
+                f"Copied [$accent]{len(col_values)}[/] values from column [$success]{col_name}[/]",
+            )
+        except (FileNotFoundError, IndexError):
+            self.notify(f"Error copying column [$error]{col_name}[/]", title="Clipboard", severity="error", timeout=10)
+
+    def action_copy_row(self) -> None:
+        """Copy the current row to clipboard (values separated by tabs)."""
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+
+        try:
+            # Get all values in the row and join with tabs
+            row_values = [str(val) for val in self.df.row(ridx)]
+            row_str = "\t".join(row_values)
+
+            self.do_copy_to_clipboard(
+                row_str,
+                f"Copied row [$accent]{ridx + 1}[/] with [$success]{len(row_values)}[/] values",
+            )
+        except (FileNotFoundError, IndexError):
+            self.notify(f"Error copying row [$error]{ridx}[/]", title="Clipboard", severity="error", timeout=10)
+
+    def action_show_thousand_separator(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle thousand separator for numeric display."""
+        self.thousand_separator = not self.thousand_separator
+        self.setup_table()
+        # status = "enabled" if self.thousand_separator else "disabled"
+        # self.notify(f"Thousand separator {status}", title="Display")
+
+    def action_next_match(self) -> None:
+        """Go to the next matched cell."""
+        self.do_next_match()
+
+    def action_previous_match(self) -> None:
+        """Go to the previous matched cell."""
+        self.do_previous_match()
+
+    def action_next_selected_row(self) -> None:
+        """Go to the next selected row."""
+        self.do_next_selected_row()
+
+    def action_previous_selected_row(self) -> None:
+        """Go to the previous selected row."""
+        self.do_previous_selected_row()
+
+    def action_simple_sql(self) -> None:
+        """Open the SQL interface screen."""
+        self.do_simple_sql()
+
+    def action_advanced_sql(self) -> None:
+        """Open the advanced SQL interface screen."""
+        self.do_advanced_sql()
+
+    def on_mouse_scroll_up(self, event) -> None:
+        """Load more rows when scrolling up with mouse."""
+        self.load_rows_up()
+
+    def on_mouse_scroll_down(self, event) -> None:
+        """Load more rows when scrolling down with mouse."""
+        self.load_rows_down()
+
+    # Setup & Loading
+    def reset_df(self, new_df: pl.DataFrame, dirty: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Reset the dataframe to a new one and refresh the table.
+
+        Args:
+            new_df: The new Polars DataFrame to set.
+            dirty: Whether to mark the table as dirty (unsaved changes). Defaults to True.
+        """
+        # Set new dataframe and reset table
+        self.df = new_df
+        self.loaded_rows = 0
+        self.hidden_columns = set()
+        self.selected_rows = set()
+        self.sorted_columns = {}
+        self.fixed_rows = 0
+        self.fixed_columns = 0
+        self.matches = defaultdict(set)
+        # self.histories.clear()
+        # self.histories2.clear()
+        self.dirty = dirty  # Mark as dirty since data changed
+
+    def setup_table(self) -> None:
+        """Setup the table for display.
+
+        Row keys are 0-based indices, which map directly to dataframe row indices.
+        Column keys are header names from the dataframe.
+        """
+        self.loaded_rows = 0
+        self.loaded_ranges.clear()
+        self.show_row_labels = True
+
+        # Save current cursor position before clearing
+        row_idx, col_idx = self.cursor_coordinate
+
+        self.setup_columns()
+        self.load_rows_range(0, self.BATCH_SIZE)  # Load initial rows
+
+        # Restore cursor position
+        if row_idx < len(self.rows) and col_idx < len(self.columns):
+            self.move_cursor(row=row_idx, column=col_idx)
+
+    def determine_column_widths(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        """Determine optimal width for each column based on data type and content.
+
+        For String columns:
+        - Minimum width: length of column label
+        - Ideal width: maximum width of all cells in the column
+        - If space constrained: find appropriate width smaller than maximum
+
+        For non-String columns:
+        - Return None to let Textual auto-determine width
+
+        Returns:
+            dict[str, int]: Mapping of column name to width (None for auto-sizing columns).
+        """
+        col_widths, col_label_widths = {}, {}
+
+        # Get available width for the table (with some padding for borders/scrollbar)
+        available_width = self.scrollable_content_region.width
+
+        # Calculate how much width we need for string columns first
+        string_cols = [col for col, dtype in zip(self.df.columns, self.df.dtypes) if dtype == pl.String]
+
+        # No string columns, let TextualDataTable auto-size all columns
+        if not string_cols:
+            return col_widths
+
+        # Sample a reasonable number of rows to calculate widths (don't scan entire dataframe)
+        sample_size = min(self.BATCH_SIZE, len(self.df))
+        sample_lf = self.df.lazy().slice(0, sample_size)
+
+        # Determine widths for each column
+        for col, dtype in zip(self.df.columns, self.df.dtypes):
+            if col in self.hidden_columns:
+                continue
+
+            # Get column label width
+            # Add padding for sort indicators if any
+            label_width = measure(self.app.console, col, 1) + 2
+            col_label_widths[col] = label_width
+
+            # Let Textual auto-size for non-string columns and already expanded columns
+            if dtype != pl.String or col in self.expanded_columns:
+                available_width -= label_width
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                # Get sample values from the column
+                sample_values = sample_lf.select(col).collect().get_column(col).drop_nulls().to_list()
+                if any(val.startswith(("https://", "http://")) for val in sample_values):
+                    continue  # Skip link columns so they can auto-size and be clickable
+
+                # Find maximum width in sample
+                max_cell_width = max(
+                    (measure(self.app.console, val, 1) for val in sample_values),
+                    default=label_width,
+                )
+
+                # Set column width to max of label and sampled data (capped at reasonable max)
+                max_width = max(label_width, max_cell_width)
+            except Exception as e:
+                # If any error, let Textual auto-size
+                max_width = label_width
+                self.log(f"Error determining width for column '{col}': {e}")
+
+            col_widths[col] = max_width
+            available_width -= max_width
+
+        # If there's no more available width, auto-size remaining columns
+        if available_width < 0:
+            for col in col_widths:
+                if col_widths[col] > STRING_WIDTH_CAP and col_label_widths[col] < STRING_WIDTH_CAP:
+                    col_widths[col] = STRING_WIDTH_CAP  # Cap string columns
+
+        return col_widths
+
+    def setup_columns(self) -> None:
+        """Clear table and setup columns.
+
+        Column keys are header names from the dataframe.
+        Column labels contain column names from the dataframe, with sort indicators if applicable.
+        """
+        self.clear(columns=True)
+
+        # Get optimal column widths
+        column_widths = self.determine_column_widths()
+
+        # Add columns with justified headers
+        for col, dtype in zip(self.df.columns, self.df.dtypes):
+            if col in self.hidden_columns or (col == RID and not self.show_rid):
+                continue  # Skip hidden columns and internal RID
+            for idx, c in enumerate(self.sorted_columns, 1):
+                if c == col:
+                    # Add sort indicator to column header
+                    descending = self.sorted_columns[col]
+                    sort_indicator = (
+                        f" ▼{SUBSCRIPT_DIGITS.get(idx, '')}" if descending else f" ▲{SUBSCRIPT_DIGITS.get(idx, '')}"
+                    )
+                    cell_value = col + sort_indicator
+                    break
+            else:  # No break occurred, so column is not sorted
+                cell_value = col
+
+            # Get the width for this column (None means auto-size)
+            width = column_widths.get(col)
+
+            self.add_column(Text(cell_value, justify=DtypeConfig(dtype).justify), key=col, width=width)
+
+    def _calculate_load_range(self, start: int, stop: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        """Calculate the actual ranges to load, accounting for already-loaded ranges.
+
+        Handles complex cases where a loaded range is fully contained within the requested
+        range (creating head and tail segments to load). All overlapping/adjacent loaded
+        ranges are merged first to minimize gaps.
+
+        Args:
+            start: Requested start index (0-based).
+            stop: Requested stop index (0-based, exclusive).
+
+        Returns:
+            List of (actual_start, actual_stop) tuples to load. Empty list if the entire
+            requested range is already loaded.
+
+        Example:
+            If loaded ranges are [(150, 250)] and requesting (100, 300):
+            - Returns [(100, 150), (250, 300)] to load head and tail
+            If loaded ranges are [(0, 100), (100, 200)] and requesting (50, 150):
+            - After merging, loaded_ranges becomes [(0, 200)]
+            - Returns [] (already fully loaded)
+        """
+        if not self.loaded_ranges:
+            return [(start, stop)]
+
+        # Sort loaded ranges by start index
+        sorted_ranges = sorted(self.loaded_ranges)
+
+        # Merge overlapping/adjacent ranges
+        merged = []
+        for range_start, range_stop in sorted_ranges:
+            # Fully covered, no need to load anything
+            if range_start <= start and range_stop >= stop:
+                return []
+            # Overlapping or adjacent: merge
+            elif merged and range_start <= merged[-1][1]:
+                merged[-1] = (merged[-1][0], max(merged[-1][1], range_stop))
+            else:
+                merged.append((range_start, range_stop))
+
+        self.loaded_ranges = merged
+
+        # Calculate ranges to load by finding gaps in the merged ranges
+        ranges_to_load = []
+        current_pos = start
+
+        for range_start, range_stop in merged:
+            # If there's a gap before this loaded range, add it to load list
+            if current_pos < range_start and current_pos < stop:
+                gap_end = min(range_start, stop)
+                ranges_to_load.append((current_pos, gap_end))
+                current_pos = range_stop
+            elif current_pos >= range_stop:
+                # Already moved past this loaded range
+                continue
+            else:
+                # Current position is inside this loaded range, skip past it
+                current_pos = max(current_pos, range_stop)
+
+        # If there's remaining range after all loaded ranges, add it
+        if current_pos < stop:
+            ranges_to_load.append((current_pos, stop))
+
+        return ranges_to_load
+
+    def _merge_loaded_ranges(self) -> None:
+        """Merge adjacent and overlapping ranges in self.loaded_ranges.
+
+        Ranges like (0, 100) and (100, 200) are merged into (0, 200).
+        """
+        if len(self.loaded_ranges) <= 1:
+            return
+
+        # Sort by start index
+        sorted_ranges = sorted(self.loaded_ranges)
+
+        # Merge overlapping/adjacent ranges
+        merged = [sorted_ranges[0]]
+        for range_start, range_stop in sorted_ranges[1:]:
+            # Overlapping or adjacent: merge
+            if range_start <= merged[-1][1]:
+                merged[-1] = (merged[-1][0], max(merged[-1][1], range_stop))
+            else:
+                merged.append((range_start, range_stop))
+
+        self.loaded_ranges = merged
+
+    def _find_insert_position_for_row(self, ridx: int) -> int:
+        """Find the correct table position to insert a row with the given dataframe index.
+
+        In the table display, rows are ordered by their dataframe index, regardless of
+        the internal row keys. This method finds where a row should be inserted based on
+        its dataframe index and the indices of already-loaded rows.
+
+        Args:
+            ridx: The 0-based dataframe row index.
+
+        Returns:
+            The 0-based table position where the row should be inserted.
+        """
+        # Count how many already-loaded rows have lower dataframe indices
+        # Iterate through loaded rows instead of iterating 0..ridx for efficiency
+        insert_pos = 0
+        for row_key in self._row_locations:
+            loaded_ridx = int(row_key.value)
+            if loaded_ridx < ridx:
+                insert_pos += 1
+
+        return insert_pos
+
+    def load_rows_segment(self, segment_start: int, segment_stop: int) -> int:
+        """Load a single contiguous segment of rows into the table.
+
+        This is the core loading logic that inserts rows at correct positions,
+        respecting visibility and selection states. Used by load_rows_range()
+        to handle each segment independently.
+
+        Args:
+            segment_start: Start loading rows from this index (0-based).
+            segment_stop: Stop loading rows when this index is reached (0-based, exclusive).
+        """
+        # Record this range before loading
+        self.loaded_ranges.append((segment_start, segment_stop))
+
+        # Load the dataframe slice
+        df_slice = self.df.slice(segment_start, segment_stop - segment_start)
+
+        # Load each row at the correct position
+        for (ridx, row), rid in zip(enumerate(df_slice.rows(), segment_start), df_slice[RID]):
+            is_selected = rid in self.selected_rows
+            match_cols = self.matches.get(rid, set())
+
+            vals, dtypes, styles = [], [], []
+            for val, col, dtype in zip(row, self.df.columns, self.df.dtypes, strict=True):
+                if col in self.hidden_columns or (col == RID and not self.show_rid):
+                    continue  # Skip hidden columns and internal RID
+
+                vals.append(val)
+                dtypes.append(dtype)
+
+                # Highlight entire row with selection or cells with matches
+                styles.append(HIGHLIGHT_COLOR if is_selected or col in match_cols else None)
+
+            formatted_row = format_row(vals, dtypes, styles=styles, thousand_separator=self.thousand_separator)
+
+            # Find correct insertion position and insert
+            insert_pos = self._find_insert_position_for_row(ridx)
+            self.insert_row(*formatted_row, key=str(ridx), label=str(ridx + 1), position=insert_pos)
+
+        # Number of rows loaded in this segment
+        segment_count = len(df_slice)
+
+        # Update loaded rows count
+        self.loaded_rows += segment_count
+
+        return segment_count
+
+    def load_rows_range(self, start: int, stop: int) -> int:
+        """Load a batch of rows into the table.
+
+        Row keys are 0-based indices as strings, which map directly to dataframe row indices.
+        Row labels are 1-based indices as strings.
+
+        Intelligently handles range loading:
+        1. Calculates which ranges actually need loading (avoiding reloading)
+        2. Handles complex cases where loaded ranges create "holes" (head and tail segments)
+        3. Inserts rows at correct positions in the table
+        4. Merges adjacent/overlapping ranges to optimize future loading
+
+        Args:
+            start: Start loading rows from this index (0-based).
+            stop: Stop loading rows when this index is reached (0-based, exclusive).
+        """
+        start = max(0, start)  # Clamp to non-negative
+        stop = min(stop, len(self.df))  # Clamp to dataframe length
+
+        try:
+            # Calculate actual ranges to load, accounting for already-loaded ranges
+            ranges_to_load = self._calculate_load_range(start, stop)
+
+            # If nothing needs loading, return early
+            if not ranges_to_load:
+                return 0  # Already loaded
+
+            # Track the number of loaded rows in this range
+            range_count = 0
+
+            # Load each segment
+            for segment_start, segment_stop in ranges_to_load:
+                range_count += self.load_rows_segment(segment_start, segment_stop)
+
+            # Merge adjacent/overlapping ranges to optimize storage
+            self._merge_loaded_ranges()
+
+            self.log(f"Loaded {range_count} rows for range {start}-{stop}/{len(self.df)}")
+            return range_count
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify("Error loading rows", title="Load", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.log(f"Error loading rows: {str(e)}")
+            return 0
+
+    def load_rows_up(self) -> None:
+        """Check if we need to load more rows and load them."""
+        # If we've loaded everything, no need to check
+        if self.loaded_rows >= len(self.df):
+            return
+
+        top_row_index = int(self.scroll_y) + BUFFER_SIZE
+        top_row_key = self.get_row_key(top_row_index)
+
+        if top_row_key:
+            top_ridx = int(top_row_key.value)
+        else:
+            top_ridx = 0  # No top row key at index, default to 0
+
+        # Load upward
+        start, stop = self._round_to_nearest_hundreds(top_ridx - BUFFER_SIZE * 2)
+        range_count = self.load_rows_range(start, stop)
+
+        # Adjust scroll to maintain position if rows were loaded above
+        if range_count > 0:
+            self.move_cursor(row=top_row_index + range_count)
+            self.log(f"Loaded up: {range_count} rows in range {start}-{stop}/{len(self.df)}")
+
+    def load_rows_down(self) -> None:
+        """Check if we need to load more rows and load them."""
+        # If we've loaded everything, no need to check
+        if self.loaded_rows >= len(self.df):
+            return
+
+        visible_row_count = self.scrollable_content_region.height - (self.header_height if self.show_header else 0)
+        bottom_row_index = self.scroll_y + visible_row_count - BUFFER_SIZE
+
+        bottom_row_key = self.get_row_key(bottom_row_index)
+        if bottom_row_key:
+            bottom_ridx = int(bottom_row_key.value)
+        else:
+            bottom_ridx = 0  # No bottom row key at index, default to 0
+
+        # Load downward
+        start, stop = self._round_to_nearest_hundreds(bottom_ridx + BUFFER_SIZE * 2)
+        range_count = self.load_rows_range(start, stop)
+
+        if range_count > 0:
+            self.log(f"Loaded down: {range_count} rows in range {start}-{stop}/{len(self.df)}")
+
+    def insert_row(
+        self,
+        *cells: CellType,
+        height: int | None = 1,
+        key: str | None = None,
+        label: TextType | None = None,
+        position: int | None = None,
+    ) -> RowKey:
+        """Insert a row at a specific position in the DataTable.
+
+        When inserting, all rows at and after the insertion position are shifted down,
+        and their entries in self._row_locations are updated accordingly.
+
+        Args:
+            *cells: Positional arguments should contain cell data.
+            height: The height of a row (in lines). Use `None` to auto-detect the optimal
+                height.
+            key: A key which uniquely identifies this row. If None, it will be generated
+                for you and returned.
+            label: The label for the row. Will be displayed to the left if supplied.
+            position: The 0-based row index where the new row should be inserted.
+                If None, inserts at the end (same as add_row). If out of bounds,
+                inserts at the nearest valid position.
+
+        Returns:
+            Unique identifier for this row. Can be used to retrieve this row regardless
+                of its current location in the DataTable (it could have moved after
+                being added due to sorting or insertion/deletion of other rows).
+
+        Raises:
+            DuplicateKey: If a row with the given key already exists.
+            ValueError: If more cells are provided than there are columns.
+        """
+        # Default to appending if position not specified or >= row_count
+        row_count = self.row_count
+        if position is None or position >= row_count:
+            return self.add_row(*cells, height=height, key=key, label=label)
+
+        # Clamp position to valid range [0, row_count)
+        position = max(0, position)
+
+        row_key = RowKey(key)
+        if row_key in self._row_locations:
+            raise DuplicateKey(f"The row key {row_key!r} already exists.")
+
+        if len(cells) > len(self.ordered_columns):
+            raise ValueError("More values provided than there are columns.")
+
+        # TC: Rebuild self._row_locations to shift rows at and after position down by 1
+        # Create a mapping of old index -> new index
+        old_to_new = {}
+        for old_idx in range(row_count):
+            if old_idx < position:
+                old_to_new[old_idx] = old_idx  # No change
+            else:
+                old_to_new[old_idx] = old_idx + 1  # Shift down by 1
+
+        # Update _row_locations with the new indices
+        new_row_locations = TwoWayDict({})
+        for row_key_item in self._row_locations:
+            old_idx = self.get_row_idx(row_key_item)
+            new_idx = old_to_new.get(old_idx, old_idx)
+            new_row_locations[row_key_item] = new_idx
+
+        # Update the internal mapping
+        self._row_locations = new_row_locations
+        # TC
+
+        row_index = position
+        # Map the key of this row to its current index
+        self._row_locations[row_key] = row_index
+        self._data[row_key] = {column.key: cell for column, cell in zip_longest(self.ordered_columns, cells)}
+
+        label = Text.from_markup(label, end="") if isinstance(label, str) else label
+
+        # Rows with auto-height get a height of 0 because 1) we need an integer height
+        # to do some intermediate computations and 2) because 0 doesn't impact the data
+        # table while we don't figure out how tall this row is.
+        self.rows[row_key] = Row(
+            row_key,
+            height or 0,
+            label,
+            height is None,
+        )
+        self._new_rows.add(row_key)
+        self._require_update_dimensions = True
+        self.cursor_coordinate = self.cursor_coordinate
+
+        # If a position has opened for the cursor to appear, where it previously
+        # could not (e.g. when there's no data in the table), then a highlighted
+        # event is posted, since there's now a highlighted cell when there wasn't
+        # before.
+        cell_now_available = self.row_count == 1 and len(self.columns) > 0
+        visible_cursor = self.show_cursor and self.cursor_type != "none"
+        if cell_now_available and visible_cursor:
+            self._highlight_cursor()
+
+        self._update_count += 1
+        self.check_idle()
+        return row_key
+
+    # Navigation
+    def do_jump_top(self) -> None:
+        """Jump to the top of the table."""
+        self.move_cursor(row=0)
+
+    def do_jump_bottom(self) -> None:
+        """Jump to the bottom of the table."""
+        stop = len(self.df)
+        start = max(0, stop - self.BATCH_SIZE)
+
+        if start % self.BATCH_SIZE != 0:
+            start = (start // self.BATCH_SIZE + 1) * self.BATCH_SIZE
+
+        if stop - start < self.BATCH_SIZE:
+            start -= self.BATCH_SIZE
+
+        self.load_rows_range(start, stop)
+        self.move_cursor(row=self.row_count - 1)
+
+    def do_page_up(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor one page up."""
+        self._set_hover_cursor(False)
+        if self.show_cursor and self.cursor_type in ("cell", "row"):
+            height = self.scrollable_content_region.height - (self.header_height if self.show_header else 0)
+
+            col_idx = self.cursor_column
+            ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+            next_ridx = max(0, ridx - height - BUFFER_SIZE)
+            start, stop = self._round_to_nearest_hundreds(next_ridx)
+            self.load_rows_range(start, stop)
+
+            self.move_cursor(row=self.get_row_idx(str(next_ridx)), column=col_idx)
+        else:
+            super().action_page_up()
+
+    def do_page_down(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor one page down."""
+        super().action_page_down()
+        self.load_rows_down()
+
+    # History & Undo
+    def create_history(self, description: str) -> None:
+        """Create the initial history state."""
+        return History(
+            description=description,
+            df=self.df,
+            df_view=self.df_view,
+            filename=self.filename,
+            hidden_columns=self.hidden_columns.copy(),
+            selected_rows=self.selected_rows.copy(),
+            sorted_columns=self.sorted_columns.copy(),
+            matches={k: v.copy() for k, v in self.matches.items()},
+            fixed_rows=self.fixed_rows,
+            fixed_columns=self.fixed_columns,
+            cursor_coordinate=self.cursor_coordinate,
+            dirty=self.dirty,
+        )
+
+    def apply_history(self, history: History) -> None:
+        """Apply the current history state to the table."""
+        if history is None:
+            return
+
+        # Restore state
+        self.df = history.df
+        self.df_view = history.df_view
+        self.filename = history.filename
+        self.hidden_columns = history.hidden_columns.copy()
+        self.selected_rows = history.selected_rows.copy()
+        self.sorted_columns = history.sorted_columns.copy()
+        self.matches = {k: v.copy() for k, v in history.matches.items()} if history.matches else defaultdict(set)
+        self.fixed_rows = history.fixed_rows
+        self.fixed_columns = history.fixed_columns
+        self.cursor_coordinate = history.cursor_coordinate
+        self.dirty = history.dirty
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+    def add_history(self, description: str, dirty: bool = False, clear_redo: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Add the current state to the history stack.
+
+        Args:
+            description: Description of the action for this history entry.
+            dirty: Whether this operation modifies the data (True) or just display state (False).
+        """
+        self.histories_undo.append(self.create_history(description))
+
+        # Clear redo stack when a new action is performed
+        if clear_redo:
+            self.histories_redo.clear()
+
+        # Mark table as dirty if this operation modifies data
+        if dirty:
+            self.dirty = True
+
+    def do_undo(self) -> None:
+        """Undo the last action."""
+        if not self.histories_undo:
+            self.notify("No actions to undo", title="Undo", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Pop the last history state for undo and save to redo stack
+        history = self.histories_undo.pop()
+        self.histories_redo.append(self.create_history(history.description))
+
+        # Restore state
+        self.apply_history(history)
+
+        self.notify(f"Reverted: {history.description}", title="Undo")
+
+    def do_redo(self) -> None:
+        """Redo the last undone action."""
+        if not self.histories_redo:
+            self.notify("No actions to redo", title="Redo", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Pop the last undone state from redo stack
+        history = self.histories_redo.pop()
+        description = history.description
+
+        # Save current state for undo
+        self.add_history(description, clear_redo=False)
+
+        # Restore state
+        self.apply_history(history)
+
+        self.notify(f"Reapplied: {description}", title="Redo")
+
+    def do_reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset the table to the initial state."""
+        self.reset_df(self.dataframe, dirty=False)
+        self.setup_table()
+        self.notify("Restored initial state", title="Reset")
+
+    # Display
+    def do_cycle_cursor_type(self) -> None:
+        """Cycle through cursor types: cell -> row -> column -> cell."""
+        next_type = get_next_item(CURSOR_TYPES, self.cursor_type)
+        self.cursor_type = next_type
+
+        # self.notify(f"Changed cursor type to [$success]{next_type}[/]", title="Cursor")
+
+    def do_view_row_detail(self) -> None:
+        """Open a modal screen to view the selected row's details."""
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+
+        # Push the modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(RowDetailScreen(ridx, self))
+
+    def do_show_frequency(self) -> None:
+        """Show frequency distribution for the current column."""
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        # Push the frequency modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(FrequencyScreen(cidx, self))
+
+    def do_show_statistics(self, scope: str = "column") -> None:
+        """Show statistics for the current column or entire dataframe.
+
+        Args:
+            scope: Either "column" for current column stats or "dataframe" for all columns.
+        """
+        if scope == "dataframe":
+            # Show statistics for entire dataframe
+            self.app.push_screen(StatisticsScreen(self, col_idx=None))
+        else:
+            # Show statistics for current column
+            cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+            self.app.push_screen(StatisticsScreen(self, col_idx=cidx))
+
+    def do_metadata_shape(self) -> None:
+        """Show metadata about the dataframe (row and column counts)."""
+        self.app.push_screen(MetaShape(self))
+
+    def do_metadata_column(self) -> None:
+        """Show metadata for all columns in the dataframe."""
+        self.app.push_screen(MetaColumnScreen(self))
+
+    def do_freeze_row_column(self) -> None:
+        """Open the freeze screen to set fixed rows and columns."""
+        self.app.push_screen(FreezeScreen(), callback=self.freeze_row_column)
+
+    def freeze_row_column(self, result: tuple[int, int] | None) -> None:
+        """Handle result from PinScreen.
+
+        Args:
+            result: Tuple of (fixed_rows, fixed_columns) or None if cancelled.
+        """
+        if result is None:
+            return
+
+        fixed_rows, fixed_columns = result
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Pinned [$success]{fixed_rows}[/] rows and [$accent]{fixed_columns}[/] columns")
+
+        # Apply the pin settings to the table
+        if fixed_rows >= 0:
+            self.fixed_rows = fixed_rows
+        if fixed_columns >= 0:
+            self.fixed_columns = fixed_columns
+
+        # self.notify(f"Pinned [$success]{fixed_rows}[/] rows and [$accent]{fixed_columns}[/] columns", title="Pin")
+
+    def do_hide_column(self) -> None:
+        """Hide the currently selected column from the table display."""
+        col_key = self.cursor_col_key
+        col_name = col_key.value
+        col_idx = self.cursor_column
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Hid column [$success]{col_name}[/]")
+
+        # Remove the column from the table display (but keep in dataframe)
+        self.remove_column(col_key)
+
+        # Track hidden columns
+        self.hidden_columns.add(col_name)
+
+        # Move cursor left if we hid the last column
+        if col_idx >= len(self.columns):
+            self.move_cursor(column=len(self.columns) - 1)
+
+        # self.notify(f"Hid column [$success]{col_name}[/]. Press [$accent]H[/] to show hidden columns", title="Hide")
+
+    def do_expand_column(self) -> None:
+        """Expand the current column to show the widest cell in the loaded data."""
+        col_idx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        col_key = self.cursor_col_key
+        col_name = col_key.value
+        dtype = self.df.dtypes[col_idx]
+
+        # Only expand string columns
+        if dtype != pl.String:
+            return
+
+        # The column to expand/shrink
+        col: Column = self.columns[col_key]
+
+        # Calculate the maximum width across all loaded rows
+        label_width = len(col_name) + 2  # Start with column name width + padding
+
+        try:
+            need_expand = False
+            max_width = label_width
+
+            # Scan through all loaded rows that are visible to find max width
+            for row_idx in range(self.loaded_rows):
+                cell_value = str(self.df.item(row_idx, col_idx))
+                cell_width = measure(self.app.console, cell_value, 1)
+
+                if cell_width > max_width:
+                    need_expand = True
+                max_width = max(max_width, cell_width)
+
+            if not need_expand:
+                return
+
+            if col_name in self.expanded_columns:
+                col.width = max(label_width, STRING_WIDTH_CAP)
+                self.expanded_columns.remove(col_name)
+            else:
+                self.expanded_columns.add(col_name)
+
+                # Update the column width
+                col.width = max_width
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error expanding column [$error]{col_name}[/]", title="Expand Column", severity="error", timeout=10
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error expanding column `{col_name}`: {str(e)}")
+
+        # Force a refresh
+        self._update_count += 1
+        self._require_update_dimensions = True
+        self.refresh(layout=True)
+
+        # self.notify(f"Expanded column [$success]{col_name}[/] to width [$accent]{max_width}[/]", title="Expand")
+
+    def do_toggle_rid(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle display of the internal RID column."""
+        self.show_rid = not self.show_rid
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+    def do_show_hidden_rows_columns(self) -> None:
+        """Show all hidden rows/columns by recreating the table."""
+        if not self.hidden_columns and self.df_view is None:
+            self.notify("No hidden rows or columns to show", title="Show", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history("Showed hidden rows/columns")
+
+        # If in a filtered view, restore the full dataframe
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df = self.df_view
+            self.df_view = None
+
+        # Clear hidden rows/columns tracking
+        self.hidden_columns.clear()
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        self.notify("Showed hidden row(s) and/or hidden column(s)", title="Show")
+
+    # Sort
+    def do_sort_by_column(self, descending: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Sort by the currently selected column.
+
+        Supports multi-column sorting:
+        - First press on a column: sort by that column only
+        - Subsequent presses on other columns: add to sort order
+
+        Args:
+            descending: If True, sort in descending order. If False, ascending order.
+        """
+        col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+        col_idx = self.cursor_column
+
+        # Check if this column is already in the sort keys
+        old_desc = self.sorted_columns.get(col_name)
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Sorted on column [$success]{col_name}[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        # New column - add to sort
+        if old_desc is None:
+            self.sorted_columns[col_name] = descending
+
+        # Old column, same direction - remove from sort
+        elif old_desc == descending:
+            del self.sorted_columns[col_name]
+
+        # Old column, different direction - add to sort at end
+        else:
+            del self.sorted_columns[col_name]
+            self.sorted_columns[col_name] = descending
+
+        lf = self.df.lazy()
+        sort_by = {}
+
+        # Apply multi-column sort
+        if sort_cols := list(self.sorted_columns.keys()):
+            descending_flags = list(self.sorted_columns.values())
+            sort_by = {"by": sort_cols, "descending": descending_flags, "nulls_last": True}
+        else:
+            # No sort - restore original order by adding a temporary index column
+            sort_by = {"by": RID}
+
+        # Perform the sort
+        df_sorted = lf.sort(**sort_by).collect()
+
+        # Also update df_view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df_view = self.df_view.lazy().sort(**sort_by).collect()
+
+        # Update the dataframe
+        self.df = df_sorted
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # Restore cursor position on the sorted column
+        self.move_cursor(column=col_idx, row=0)
+
+    # Edit
+    def do_edit_cell(self, ridx: int = None, cidx: int = None) -> None:
+        """Open modal to edit the selected cell."""
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx if ridx is None else ridx
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx if cidx is None else cidx
+
+        # Push the edit modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            EditCellScreen(ridx, cidx, self.df),
+            callback=self.edit_cell,
+        )
+
+    def edit_cell(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle result from EditCellScreen."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+
+        ridx, cidx, new_value = result
+        if new_value is None:
+            self.app.push_screen(
+                EditCellScreen(ridx, cidx, self.df),
+                callback=self.edit_cell,
+            )
+            return
+
+        col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Edited cell [$success]({ridx + 1}, {col_name})[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        # Update the cell in the dataframe
+        try:
+            self.df = self.df.with_columns(
+                pl.when(pl.arange(0, len(self.df)) == ridx)
+                .then(pl.lit(new_value))
+                .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                .alias(col_name)
+            )
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                # Get the RID value for this row in df_view
+                ridx_view = self.df.item(ridx, self.df.columns.index(RID))
+                self.df_view = self.df_view.with_columns(
+                    pl.when(pl.col(RID) == ridx_view)
+                    .then(pl.lit(new_value))
+                    .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                    .alias(col_name)
+                )
+
+            # Update the display
+            cell_value = self.df.item(ridx, cidx)
+            if cell_value is None:
+                cell_value = NULL_DISPLAY
+            dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+            dc = DtypeConfig(dtype)
+            formatted_value = Text(str(cell_value), style=dc.style, justify=dc.justify)
+
+            # string as keys
+            row_key = str(ridx)
+            col_key = col_name
+            self.update_cell(row_key, col_key, formatted_value, update_width=True)
+
+            # self.notify(f"Cell updated to [$success]{cell_value}[/]", title="Edit Cell")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error updating cell ([$error]{ridx}[/], [$accent]{col_name}[/])",
+                title="Edit Cell",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error updating cell ({ridx}, {col_name}): {str(e)}")
+
+    def do_edit_column(self) -> None:
+        """Open modal to edit the entire column with an expression."""
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        # Push the edit column modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            EditColumnScreen(cidx, self.df),
+            callback=self.edit_column,
+        )
+
+    def edit_column(self, result) -> None:
+        """Edit a column."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        term, cidx = result
+
+        col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+
+        # Null case
+        if term is None or term == NULL:
+            expr = pl.lit(None)
+
+        # Check if term is a valid expression
+        elif tentative_expr(term):
+            try:
+                expr = validate_expr(term, self.df.columns, cidx)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.notify(
+                    f"Error validating expression [$error]{term}[/]", title="Edit Column", severity="error", timeout=10
+                )
+                self.log(f"Error validating expression `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+                return
+
+        # Otherwise, treat term as a literal value
+        else:
+            dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+            try:
+                value = DtypeConfig(dtype).convert(term)
+                expr = pl.lit(value)
+            except Exception:
+                self.notify(
+                    f"Error converting [$error]{term}[/] to [$accent]{dtype}[/]. Cast to string.",
+                    title="Edit",
+                    severity="error",
+                )
+                expr = pl.lit(str(term))
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Edited column [$success]{col_name}[/] with expression", dirty=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Apply the expression to the column
+            self.df = self.df.lazy().with_columns(expr.alias(col_name)).collect()
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            # Update the value of col_name in df_view using the value of col_name from df based on RID mapping between them
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                # Get updated column from df for rows that exist in df_view
+                col_updated = f"^_{col_name}_^"
+                col_exists = "^_exists_^"
+                lf_updated = self.df.lazy().select(
+                    RID, pl.col(col_name).alias(col_updated), pl.lit(True).alias(col_exists)
+                )
+                # Join and use when/then/otherwise to handle all updates including NULLs
+                self.df_view = (
+                    self.df_view.lazy()
+                    .join(lf_updated, on=RID, how="left")
+                    .with_columns(
+                        pl.when(pl.col(col_exists))
+                        .then(pl.col(col_updated))
+                        .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                        .alias(col_name)
+                    )
+                    .drop(col_updated, col_exists)
+                    .collect()
+                )
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error applying expression: [$error]{term}[/] to column [$accent]{col_name}[/]",
+                title="Edit Column",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error applying expression `{term}` to column `{col_name}`: {str(e)}")
+            return
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # self.notify(f"Column [$accent]{col_name}[/] updated with [$success]{expr}[/]", title="Edit Column")
+
+    def do_rename_column(self, col_idx: int | None) -> None:
+        """Open modal to rename the selected column."""
+        col_idx = self.cursor_column if col_idx is None else col_idx
+        col_name = self.get_col_key(col_idx).value
+
+        # Push the rename column modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            RenameColumnScreen(col_idx, col_name, self.df.columns),
+            callback=self.rename_column,
+        )
+
+    def rename_column(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle result from RenameColumnScreen."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+
+        col_idx, col_name, new_name = result
+        if new_name is None:
+            self.app.push_screen(
+                RenameColumnScreen(col_idx, col_name, self.df.columns),
+                callback=self.rename_column,
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Renamed column [$success]{col_name}[/] to [$accent]{new_name}[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        # Rename the column in the dataframe
+        self.df = self.df.rename({col_name: new_name})
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df_view = self.df_view.rename({col_name: new_name})
+
+        # Update sorted_columns if this column was sorted and maintain order
+        if col_name in self.sorted_columns:
+            sorted_columns = {}
+            for col, order in self.sorted_columns.items():
+                if col == col_name:
+                    sorted_columns[new_name] = order
+                else:
+                    sorted_columns[col] = order
+            self.sorted_columns = sorted_columns
+
+        # Update matches if this column had cell matches
+        for cols in self.matches.values():
+            if col_name in cols:
+                cols.remove(col_name)
+                cols.add(new_name)
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # Move cursor to the renamed column
+        self.move_cursor(column=col_idx)
+
+        # self.notify(f"Renamed column [$success]{col_name}[/] to [$success]{new_name}[/]", title="Column")
+
+    def do_clear_cell(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the current cell by setting its value to None."""
+        row_key, col_key = self.cursor_key
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Cleared cell [$success]({ridx + 1}, {col_name})[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        # Update the cell to None in the dataframe
+        try:
+            self.df = self.df.with_columns(
+                pl.when(pl.arange(0, len(self.df)) == ridx)
+                .then(pl.lit(None))
+                .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                .alias(col_name)
+            )
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                ridx_view = self.df.item(ridx, self.df.columns.index(RID))
+                self.df_view = self.df_view.with_columns(
+                    pl.when(pl.col(RID) == ridx_view).then(pl.lit(None)).otherwise(pl.col(col_name)).alias(col_name)
+                )
+
+            # Update the display
+            dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+            dc = DtypeConfig(dtype)
+            formatted_value = Text(NULL_DISPLAY, style=dc.style, justify=dc.justify)
+
+            self.update_cell(row_key, col_key, formatted_value)
+
+            # self.notify(f"Cell cleared to [$success]{NULL_DISPLAY}[/]", title="Clear Cell")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error clearing cell ([$error]{ridx}[/], [$accent]{col_name}[/])",
+                title="Clear Cell",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error clearing cell ({ridx}, {col_name}): {str(e)}")
+            raise e
+
+    def do_add_column(self, col_name: str = None) -> None:
+        """Add acolumn after the current column."""
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        if not col_name:
+            # Generate a unique column name
+            base_name = "new_col"
+            new_col_name = base_name
+            counter = 1
+            while new_col_name in self.df.columns:
+                new_col_name = f"{base_name}_{counter}"
+                counter += 1
+        else:
+            new_col_name = col_name
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Added column [$success]{new_col_name}[/] after column [$accent]{cidx + 1}[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Create an empty column (all None values)
+            new_col_name = pl.lit(None).alias(new_col_name)
+
+            # Get columns up to current, the new column, then remaining columns
+            cols = self.df.columns
+            cols_before = cols[: cidx + 1]
+            cols_after = cols[cidx + 1 :]
+
+            # Build the new dataframe with columns reordered
+            select_cols = cols_before + [new_col_name] + cols_after
+            self.df = self.df.lazy().with_columns(new_col_name).select(select_cols).collect()
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                self.df_view = self.df_view.lazy().with_columns(new_col_name).select(select_cols).collect()
+
+            # Recreate table for display
+            self.setup_table()
+
+            # Move cursor to the new column
+            self.move_cursor(column=cidx + 1)
+
+            # self.notify(f"Added column [$success]{new_name}[/]", title="Add Column")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error adding column [$error]{new_col_name}[/]", title="Add Column", severity="error", timeout=10
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error adding column `{new_col_name}`: {str(e)}")
+            raise e
+
+    def do_add_column_expr(self) -> None:
+        """Open screen to add a new column with optional expression."""
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            AddColumnScreen(cidx, self.df),
+            self.add_column_expr,
+        )
+
+    def add_column_expr(self, result: tuple[int, str, str, pl.Expr] | None) -> None:
+        """Add a new column with an expression."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+
+        cidx, new_col_name, expr = result
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Added column [$success]{new_col_name}[/] with expression [$accent]{expr}[/].", dirty=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Create the column
+            new_col = expr.alias(new_col_name)
+
+            # Get columns up to current, the new column, then remaining columns
+            cols = self.df.columns
+            cols_before = cols[: cidx + 1]
+            cols_after = cols[cidx + 1 :]
+
+            # Build the new dataframe with columns reordered
+            select_cols = cols_before + [new_col_name] + cols_after
+            self.df = self.df.lazy().with_columns(new_col).select(select_cols).collect()
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                # Get updated column from df for rows that exist in df_view
+                lf_updated = self.df.lazy().select(RID, pl.col(new_col_name))
+                # Join and use coalesce to prefer updated value or keep original
+                self.df_view = self.df_view.lazy().join(lf_updated, on=RID, how="left").select(select_cols).collect()
+
+            # Recreate table for display
+            self.setup_table()
+
+            # Move cursor to the new column
+            self.move_cursor(column=cidx + 1)
+
+            # self.notify(f"Added column [$success]{col_name}[/]", title="Add Column")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error adding column [$error]{new_col_name}[/]", title="Add Column", severity="error", timeout=10
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error adding column `{new_col_name}`: {str(e)}")
+
+    def do_add_link_column(self) -> None:
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            AddLinkScreen(self.cursor_col_idx, self.df),
+            callback=self.add_link_column,
+        )
+
+    def add_link_column(self, result: tuple[str, str] | None) -> None:
+        """Handle result from AddLinkScreen.
+
+        Creates a new link column in the dataframe based on a user-provided template.
+        Supports multiple placeholder types:
+        - `$_` - Current column (based on cursor position)
+        - `$1`, `$2`, etc. - Column by index (1-based)
+        - `$name` - Column by name (e.g., `$id`, `$product_name`)
+
+        The template is evaluated for each row using Polars expressions with vectorized
+        string concatenation. The new column is inserted after the current column.
+
+        Args:
+            result: Tuple of (cidx, new_col_name, link_template) or None if cancelled.
+        """
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        cidx, new_col_name, link_template = result
+
+        self.add_history(
+            f"Added link column [$success]{new_col_name}[/] with template [$accent]{link_template}[/].", dirty=True
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # Hack to support PubChem link
+            link_template = link_template.replace("PC", "pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov")
+
+            # Ensure link starts with http:// or https://
+            if not link_template.startswith(("https://", "http://")):
+                link_template = "https://" + link_template
+
+            # Parse template placeholders into Polars expressions
+            parts = parse_placeholders(link_template, self.df.columns, cidx)
+
+            # Build the concatenation expression
+            exprs = [part if isinstance(part, pl.Expr) else pl.lit(part) for part in parts]
+            new_col = pl.concat_str(exprs).alias(new_col_name)
+
+            # Get columns up to current, the new column, then remaining columns
+            cols = self.df.columns
+            cols_before = cols[: cidx + 1]
+            cols_after = cols[cidx + 1 :]
+
+            # Build the new dataframe with columns reordered
+            select_cols = cols_before + [new_col_name] + cols_after
+            self.df = self.df.lazy().with_columns(new_col).select(select_cols).collect()
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                # Get updated column from df for rows that exist in df_view
+                lf_updated = self.df.lazy().select(RID, pl.col(new_col_name))
+                # Join and use coalesce to prefer updated value or keep original
+                self.df_view = self.df_view.lazy().join(lf_updated, on=RID, how="left").select(select_cols).collect()
+
+            # Recreate table for display
+            self.setup_table()
+
+            # Move cursor to the new column
+            self.move_cursor(column=cidx + 1)
+
+            self.notify(f"Added link column [$success]{new_col_name}[/]. Use Ctrl/Cmd click to open.", title="Add Link")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error adding link column [$error]{new_col_name}[/]", title="Add Link", severity="error", timeout=10
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error adding link column: {str(e)}")
+
+    def do_delete_column(self, more: str = None) -> None:
+        """Remove the currently selected column from the table."""
+        # Get the column to remove
+        col_idx = self.cursor_column
+        try:
+            col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+        except CellDoesNotExist:
+            self.notify("No column to delete at the current cursor position", title="Delete Column", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        col_key = self.cursor_col_key
+
+        col_names_to_remove = []
+        col_keys_to_remove = []
+
+        # Remove all columns before the current column
+        if more == "before":
+            for i in range(col_idx + 1):
+                col_key = self.get_col_key(i)
+                col_names_to_remove.append(col_key.value)
+                col_keys_to_remove.append(col_key)
+
+            message = f"Removed column [$success]{col_name}[/] and all columns before"
+
+        # Remove all columns after the current column
+        elif more == "after":
+            for i in range(col_idx, len(self.columns)):
+                col_key = self.get_col_key(i)
+                col_names_to_remove.append(col_key.value)
+                col_keys_to_remove.append(col_key)
+
+            message = f"Removed column [$success]{col_name}[/] and all columns after"
+
+        # Remove only the current column
+        else:
+            col_names_to_remove.append(col_name)
+            col_keys_to_remove.append(col_key)
+            message = f"Removed column [$success]{col_name}[/]"
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(message, dirty=True)
+
+        # Remove the columns from the table display using the column names as keys
+        for ck in col_keys_to_remove:
+            self.remove_column(ck)
+
+        # Move cursor left if we deleted the last column(s)
+        last_col_idx = len(self.columns) - 1
+        if col_idx > last_col_idx:
+            self.move_cursor(column=last_col_idx)
+
+        # Remove from sorted columns if present
+        for col_name in col_names_to_remove:
+            if col_name in self.sorted_columns:
+                del self.sorted_columns[col_name]
+
+        # Remove from hidden columns if present
+        for col_name in col_names_to_remove:
+            self.hidden_columns.discard(col_name)
+
+        # Remove from matches
+        for rid in list(self.matches.keys()):
+            self.matches[rid].difference_update(col_names_to_remove)
+            # Remove empty entries
+            if not self.matches[rid]:
+                del self.matches[rid]
+
+        # Remove from dataframe
+        self.df = self.df.drop(col_names_to_remove)
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df_view = self.df_view.drop(col_names_to_remove)
+
+        self.notify(message, title="Delete Column")
+
+    def do_duplicate_column(self) -> None:
+        """Duplicate the currently selected column, inserting it right after the current column."""
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+
+        col_idx = self.cursor_column
+        new_col_name = f"{col_name}_copy"
+
+        # Ensure new column name is unique
+        counter = 1
+        while new_col_name in self.df.columns:
+            new_col_name = f"{new_col_name}{counter}"
+            counter += 1
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Duplicated column [$success]{col_name}[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        # Create new column and reorder columns to insert after current column
+        cols_before = self.df.columns[: cidx + 1]
+        cols_after = self.df.columns[cidx + 1 :]
+        cols_new = cols_before + [new_col_name] + cols_after
+
+        # Add the new column and reorder columns for insertion after current column
+        self.df = self.df.lazy().with_columns(pl.col(col_name).alias(new_col_name)).select(cols_new).collect()
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df_view = (
+                self.df_view.lazy().with_columns(pl.col(col_name).alias(new_col_name)).select(cols_new).collect()
+            )
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # Move cursor to the new duplicated column
+        self.move_cursor(column=col_idx + 1)
+
+        # self.notify(f"Duplicated column [$success]{col_name}[/] as [$accent]{new_col_name}[/]", title="Duplicate")
+
+    def do_delete_row(self, more: str = None) -> None:
+        """Delete rows from the table and dataframe.
+
+        Supports deleting multiple selected rows. If no rows are selected, deletes the row at the cursor.
+        """
+        old_count = len(self.df)
+        rids_to_delete = set()
+
+        # Delete all selected rows
+        if selected_count := len(self.selected_rows):
+            history_desc = f"Deleted {selected_count} selected row(s)"
+            rids_to_delete.update(self.selected_rows)
+
+        # Delete current row and those above
+        elif more == "above":
+            ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+            history_desc = f"Deleted current row [$success]{ridx + 1}[/] and those above"
+            for rid in self.df[RID][: ridx + 1]:
+                rids_to_delete.add(rid)
+
+        # Delete current row and those below
+        elif more == "below":
+            ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+            history_desc = f"Deleted current row [$success]{ridx + 1}[/] and those below"
+            for rid in self.df[RID][ridx:]:
+                rids_to_delete.add(rid)
+
+        # Delete the row at the cursor
+        else:
+            ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+            history_desc = f"Deleted row [$success]{ridx + 1}[/]"
+            rids_to_delete.add(self.df[RID][ridx])
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(history_desc, dirty=True)
+
+        # Apply the filter to remove rows
+        try:
+            df_filtered = self.df.lazy().filter(~pl.col(RID).is_in(rids_to_delete)).collect()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(f"Error deleting row(s): {e}", title="Delete", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.histories_undo.pop()  # Remove last history entry
+            return
+
+        # RIDs of remaining rows
+        ok_rids = set(df_filtered[RID])
+
+        # Update selected rows tracking
+        if self.selected_rows:
+            self.selected_rows.intersection_update(ok_rids)
+
+        # Update the dataframe
+        self.df = df_filtered
+
+        # Update matches since row indices have changed
+        if self.matches:
+            self.matches = {rid: cols for rid, cols in self.matches.items() if rid in ok_rids}
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df_view = self.df_view.lazy().filter(~pl.col(RID).is_in(rids_to_delete)).collect()
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        deleted_count = old_count - len(self.df)
+        if deleted_count > 0:
+            self.notify(f"Deleted [$success]{deleted_count}[/] row(s)", title="Delete")
+
+    def do_duplicate_row(self) -> None:
+        """Duplicate the currently selected row, inserting it right after the current row."""
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+        rid = self.df[RID][ridx]
+
+        lf = self.df.lazy()
+
+        # Get the row to duplicate
+        row_to_duplicate = lf.slice(ridx, 1).with_columns(pl.col(RID) + 1)
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Duplicated row [$success]{ridx + 1}[/]", dirty=True)
+
+        # Concatenate: rows before + duplicated row + rows after
+        lf_before = lf.slice(0, ridx + 1)
+        lf_after = lf.slice(ridx + 1).with_columns(pl.col(RID) + 1)
+
+        # Combine the parts
+        self.df = pl.concat([lf_before, row_to_duplicate, lf_after]).collect()
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            lf_view = self.df_view.lazy()
+            lf_view_before = lf_view.slice(0, rid + 1)
+            lf_view_after = lf_view.slice(rid + 1).with_columns(pl.col(RID) + 1)
+            self.df_view = pl.concat([lf_view_before, row_to_duplicate, lf_view_after]).collect()
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # Move cursor to the new duplicated row
+        self.move_cursor(row=ridx + 1)
+
+        # self.notify(f"Duplicated row [$success]{ridx + 1}[/]", title="Row")
+
+    def do_move_column(self, direction: str) -> None:
+        """Move the current column left or right.
+
+        Args:
+            direction: "left" to move left, "right" to move right.
+        """
+        row_idx, col_idx = self.cursor_coordinate
+        col_key = self.cursor_col_key
+        col_name = col_key.value
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        # Validate move is possible
+        if direction == "left":
+            if col_idx <= 0:
+                self.notify("Cannot move column left", title="Move", severity="warning")
+                return
+            swap_idx = col_idx - 1
+        elif direction == "right":
+            if col_idx >= len(self.columns) - 1:
+                self.notify("Cannot move column right", title="Move", severity="warning")
+                return
+            swap_idx = col_idx + 1
+
+        # Get column to swap
+        _, swap_key = self.coordinate_to_cell_key(Coordinate(row_idx, swap_idx))
+        swap_name = swap_key.value
+        swap_cidx = self.df.columns.index(swap_name)
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(
+            f"Moved column [$success]{col_name}[/] [$accent]{direction}[/] (swapped with [$success]{swap_name}[/])",
+            dirty=True,
+        )
+
+        # Swap columns in the table's internal column locations
+        self.check_idle()
+
+        (
+            self._column_locations[col_key],
+            self._column_locations[swap_key],
+        ) = (
+            self._column_locations.get(swap_key),
+            self._column_locations.get(col_key),
+        )
+
+        self._update_count += 1
+        self.refresh()
+
+        # Restore cursor position on the moved column
+        self.move_cursor(row=row_idx, column=swap_idx)
+
+        # Update the dataframe column order
+        cols = list(self.df.columns)
+        cols[cidx], cols[swap_cidx] = cols[swap_cidx], cols[cidx]
+        self.df = self.df.select(cols)
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            self.df_view = self.df_view.select(cols)
+
+        # self.notify(f"Moved column [$success]{col_name}[/] {direction}", title="Move")
+
+    def do_move_row(self, direction: str) -> None:
+        """Move the current row up or down.
+
+        Args:
+            direction: "up" to move up, "down" to move down.
+        """
+        curr_row_idx, col_idx = self.cursor_coordinate
+
+        # Validate move is possible
+        if direction == "up":
+            if curr_row_idx <= 0:
+                self.notify("Cannot move row up", title="Move", severity="warning")
+                return
+            swap_row_idx = curr_row_idx - 1
+        elif direction == "down":
+            if curr_row_idx >= len(self.rows) - 1:
+                self.notify("Cannot move row down", title="Move", severity="warning")
+                return
+            swap_row_idx = curr_row_idx + 1
+        else:
+            # Invalid direction
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(
+            f"Moved row [$success]{curr_row_idx}[/] [$accent]{direction}[/] (swapped with row [$success]{swap_row_idx}[/])",
+            dirty=True,
+        )
+
+        # Swap rows in the table's internal row locations
+        curr_key = self.coordinate_to_cell_key((curr_row_idx, 0)).row_key
+        swap_key = self.coordinate_to_cell_key((swap_row_idx, 0)).row_key
+
+        self.check_idle()
+
+        (
+            self._row_locations[curr_key],
+            self._row_locations[swap_key],
+        ) = (
+            self.get_row_idx(swap_key),
+            self.get_row_idx(curr_key),
+        )
+
+        self._update_count += 1
+        self.refresh()
+
+        # Restore cursor position on the moved row
+        self.move_cursor(row=swap_row_idx, column=col_idx)
+
+        # Locate the rows to swap
+        curr_ridx = curr_row_idx
+        swap_ridx = swap_row_idx
+        first, second = sorted([curr_ridx, swap_ridx])
+
+        # Swap the rows in the dataframe
+        self.df = pl.concat(
+            [
+                self.df.slice(0, first).lazy(),
+                self.df.slice(second, 1).lazy(),
+                self.df.slice(first + 1, second - first - 1).lazy(),
+                self.df.slice(first, 1).lazy(),
+                self.df.slice(second + 1).lazy(),
+            ]
+        ).collect()
+
+        # Also update the view if applicable
+        if self.df_view is not None:
+            # Find RID values
+            curr_rid = self.df[RID][curr_row_idx]
+            swap_rid = self.df[RID][swap_row_idx]
+
+            # Locate the rows by RID in the view
+            curr_ridx = self.df_view[RID].index_of(curr_rid)
+            swap_ridx = self.df_view[RID].index_of(swap_rid)
+            first, second = sorted([curr_ridx, swap_ridx])
+
+            # Swap the rows in the view
+            self.df_view = pl.concat(
+                [
+                    self.df_view.slice(0, first).lazy(),
+                    self.df_view.slice(second, 1).lazy(),
+                    self.df_view.slice(first + 1, second - first - 1).lazy(),
+                    self.df_view.slice(first, 1).lazy(),
+                    self.df_view.slice(second + 1).lazy(),
+                ]
+            ).collect()
+
+        # self.notify(f"Moved row [$success]{row_key.value}[/] {direction}", title="Move Row")
+
+    # Type casting
+    def do_cast_column_dtype(self, dtype: str) -> None:
+        """Cast the current column to a different data type.
+
+        Args:
+            dtype: Target data type (string representation, e.g., "pl.String", "pl.Int64")
+        """
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+        current_dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+
+        try:
+            target_dtype = eval(dtype)
+        except Exception:
+            self.notify(f"Invalid target data type: [$error]{dtype}[/]", title="Cast", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            return
+
+        if current_dtype == target_dtype:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Column [$warning]{col_name}[/] is already of type [$accent]{target_dtype}[/]",
+                title="Cast",
+                severity="warning",
+            )
+            return  # No change needed
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(
+            f"Cast column [$success]{col_name}[/] from [$accent]{current_dtype}[/] to [$success]{target_dtype}[/]",
+            dirty=True,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # Cast the column using Polars
+            self.df = self.df.with_columns(pl.col(col_name).cast(target_dtype))
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                self.df_view = self.df_view.with_columns(pl.col(col_name).cast(target_dtype))
+
+            # Recreate table for display
+            self.setup_table()
+
+            self.notify(f"Cast column [$success]{col_name}[/] to [$accent]{target_dtype}[/]", title="Cast")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error casting column [$error]{col_name}[/] to [$accent]{target_dtype}[/]",
+                title="Cast",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error casting column `{col_name}`: {str(e)}")
+
+    # Row selection
+    def do_select_row(self) -> None:
+        """Select rows.
+
+        If there are existing cell matches, use those to select rows.
+        Otherwise, use the current cell value as the search term and select rows matching that value.
+        """
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        # Use existing cell matches if present
+        if self.matches:
+            term = pl.col(RID).is_in(self.matches)
+        else:
+            col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+
+            # Get the value of the currently selected cell
+            term = NULL if self.cursor_value is None else str(self.cursor_value)
+            if self.cursor_value is None:
+                term = pl.col(col_name).is_null()
+            else:
+                term = pl.col(col_name) == self.cursor_value
+
+        self.select_row((term, cidx, False, True))
+
+    def do_select_row_expr(self) -> None:
+        """Select rows by expression."""
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+
+        # Use current cell value as default search term
+        term = NULL if self.cursor_value is None else str(self.cursor_value)
+
+        # Push the search modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            SearchScreen("Select", term, self.df, cidx),
+            callback=self.select_row,
+        )
+
+    def select_row(self, result) -> None:
+        """Select rows by value or expression."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+
+        term, cidx, match_nocase, match_whole = result
+        col_name = "all columns" if cidx is None else self.df.columns[cidx]
+
+        # Already a Polars expression
+        if isinstance(term, pl.Expr):
+            expr = term
+
+        # bool list or Series
+        elif isinstance(term, (list, pl.Series)):
+            expr = term
+
+        # Null case
+        elif term == NULL:
+            expr = pl.col(col_name).is_null()
+
+        # Expression in string form
+        elif tentative_expr(term):
+            try:
+                expr = validate_expr(term, self.df.columns, cidx)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.notify(
+                    f"Error validating expression [$error]{term}[/]", title="Search", severity="error", timeout=10
+                )
+                self.log(f"Error validating expression `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+                return
+
+        # Perform type-aware search based on column dtype
+        else:
+            dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+            if dtype == pl.String:
+                if match_whole:
+                    term = f"^{term}$"
+                if match_nocase:
+                    term = f"(?i){term}"
+                expr = pl.col(col_name).str.contains(term)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    value = DtypeConfig(dtype).convert(term)
+                    expr = pl.col(col_name) == value
+                except Exception:
+                    if match_whole:
+                        term = f"^{term}$"
+                    if match_nocase:
+                        term = f"(?i){term}"
+                    expr = pl.col(col_name).cast(pl.String).str.contains(term)
+                    self.notify(
+                        f"Error converting [$error]{term}[/] to [$accent]{dtype}[/]. Cast to string.",
+                        title="Search",
+                        severity="warning",
+                    )
+
+        # Lazyframe for filtering
+        lf = self.df.lazy()
+
+        # Apply filter to get matched row indices
+        try:
+            ok_rids = set(lf.filter(expr).collect()[RID])
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error applying search filter `[$error]{term}[/]`", title="Search", severity="error", timeout=10
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error applying search filter `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+            return
+
+        match_count = len(ok_rids)
+        if match_count == 0:
+            self.notify(
+                f"No matches found for `[$warning]{term}[/]`. Try [$accent](?i)abc[/] for case-insensitive search.",
+                title="Search",
+                severity="warning",
+            )
+            return
+
+        message = f"Found [$success]{match_count}[/] matching row(s)"
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(message)
+
+        # Update selected rows to include new selections
+        self.selected_rows.update(ok_rids)
+
+        # Show notification immediately, then start highlighting
+        self.notify(message, title="Select Row")
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+    def do_toggle_selections(self) -> None:
+        """Toggle selected rows highlighting on/off."""
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history("Toggled row selection")
+
+        # Invert all selected rows
+        self.selected_rows = {rid for rid in self.df[RID] if rid not in self.selected_rows}
+
+        # Check if we're highlighting or un-highlighting
+        if selected_count := len(self.selected_rows):
+            self.notify(f"Toggled selection for [$success]{selected_count}[/] rows", title="Toggle")
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+    def do_toggle_row_selection(self) -> None:
+        """Select/deselect current row."""
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history("Toggled row selection")
+
+        # Get current row RID
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+        rid = self.df[RID][ridx]
+
+        if rid in self.selected_rows:
+            self.selected_rows.discard(rid)
+        else:
+            self.selected_rows.add(rid)
+
+        row_key = self.cursor_row_key
+        is_selected = rid in self.selected_rows
+        match_cols = self.matches.get(rid, set())
+
+        for col_idx, col in enumerate(self.ordered_columns):
+            col_key = col.key
+            col_name = col_key.value
+            cell_text: Text = self.get_cell(row_key, col_key)
+
+            if is_selected or (col_name in match_cols):
+                cell_text.style = HIGHLIGHT_COLOR
+            else:
+                # Reset to default style based on dtype
+                dtype = self.df.dtypes[col_idx]
+                dc = DtypeConfig(dtype)
+                cell_text.style = dc.style
+
+            self.update_cell(row_key, col_key, cell_text)
+
+    def do_clear_selections_and_matches(self) -> None:
+        """Clear all selected rows and matches without removing them from the dataframe."""
+        # Check if any selected rows or matches
+        if not self.selected_rows and not self.matches:
+            self.notify("No selections to clear", title="Clear", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        row_count = len(self.selected_rows | set(self.matches.keys()))
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history("Cleared all selected rows")
+
+        # Clear all selections
+        self.selected_rows = set()
+        self.matches = defaultdict(set)
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        self.notify(f"Cleared selections for [$success]{row_count}[/] rows", title="Clear")
+
+    # Find & Replace
+    def find_matches(
+        self, term: str, cidx: int | None = None, match_nocase: bool = False, match_whole: bool = False
+    ) -> dict[int, set[str]]:
+        """Find matches for a term in the dataframe.
+
+        Args:
+            term: The search term (can be NULL, expression, or plain text)
+            cidx: Column index for column-specific search. If None, searches all columns.
+            match_nocase: Whether to perform case-insensitive matching (for string terms)
+            match_whole: Whether to match the whole cell content (for string terms)
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary mapping row indices to sets of column indices containing matches.
+            For column-specific search, each matched row has a set with single cidx.
+            For global search, each matched row has a set of all matching cidxs in that row.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If expression validation or filtering fails.
+        """
+        matches: dict[int, set[str]] = defaultdict(set)
+
+        # Lazyframe for filtering
+        lf = self.df.lazy()
+
+        # Determine which columns to search: single column or all columns
+        if cidx is not None:
+            columns_to_search = [(cidx, self.df.columns[cidx])]
+        else:
+            columns_to_search = list(enumerate(self.df.columns))
+
+        # Search each column consistently
+        for col_idx, col_name in columns_to_search:
+            # Build expression based on term type
+            if term == NULL:
+                expr = pl.col(col_name).is_null()
+            elif tentative_expr(term):
+                try:
+                    expr = validate_expr(term, self.df.columns, col_idx)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self.notify(
+                        f"Error validating expression [$error]{term}[/]", title="Find", severity="error", timeout=10
+                    )
+                    self.log(f"Error validating expression `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+                    return matches
+            else:
+                if match_whole:
+                    term = f"^{term}$"
+                if match_nocase:
+                    term = f"(?i){term}"
+                expr = pl.col(col_name).cast(pl.String).str.contains(term)
+
+            # Get matched row indices
+            try:
+                matched_ridxs = lf.filter(expr).collect()[RID]
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.notify(f"Error applying filter: [$error]{expr}[/]", title="Find", severity="error", timeout=10)
+                self.log(f"Error applying filter: {str(e)}")
+                return matches
+
+            for ridx in matched_ridxs:
+                matches[ridx].add(col_name)
+
+        return matches
+
+    def do_find_cursor_value(self, scope="column") -> None:
+        """Find by cursor value.
+
+        Args:
+            scope: "column" to find in current column, "global" to find across all columns.
+        """
+        # Get the value of the currently selected cell
+        term = NULL if self.cursor_value is None else str(self.cursor_value)
+
+        if scope == "column":
+            cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+            self.find((term, cidx, False, True))
+        else:
+            self.find_global((term, None, False, True))
+
+    def do_find_expr(self, scope="column") -> None:
+        """Open screen to find by expression.
+
+        Args:
+            scope: "column" to find in current column, "global" to find across all columns.
+        """
+        # Use current cell value as default search term
+        term = NULL if self.cursor_value is None else str(self.cursor_value)
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx if scope == "column" else None
+
+        # Push the search modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            SearchScreen("Find", term, self.df, cidx),
+            callback=self.find if scope == "column" else self.find_global,
+        )
+
+    def find(self, result) -> None:
+        """Find a term in current column."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        term, cidx, match_nocase, match_whole = result
+
+        col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+
+        try:
+            matches = self.find_matches(term, cidx, match_nocase, match_whole)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(f"Error finding matches for `[$error]{term}[/]`", title="Find", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.log(f"Error finding matches for `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+            return
+
+        if not matches:
+            self.notify(
+                f"No matches found for `[$warning]{term}[/]` in current column. Try [$accent](?i)abc[/] for case-insensitive search.",
+                title="Find",
+                severity="warning",
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Found `[$success]{term}[/]` in column [$accent]{col_name}[/]")
+
+        # Add to matches and count total
+        match_count = sum(len(cols) for cols in matches.values())
+        for rid, cols in matches.items():
+            self.matches[rid].update(cols)
+
+        self.notify(f"Found [$success]{match_count}[/] matches for `[$accent]{term}[/]`", title="Find")
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+    def find_global(self, result) -> None:
+        """Global find a term across all columns."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        term, cidx, match_nocase, match_whole = result
+
+        try:
+            matches = self.find_matches(term, cidx=None, match_nocase=match_nocase, match_whole=match_whole)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(f"Error finding matches for `[$error]{term}[/]`", title="Find", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.log(f"Error finding matches for `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+            return
+
+        if not matches:
+            self.notify(
+                f"No matches found for `[$warning]{term}[/]` in any column. Try [$accent](?i)abc[/] for case-insensitive search.",
+                title="Global Find",
+                severity="warning",
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Found `[$success]{term}[/]` across all columns")
+
+        # Add to matches and count total
+        match_count = sum(len(cols) for cols in matches.values())
+        for rid, cols in matches.items():
+            self.matches[rid].update(cols)
+
+        self.notify(
+            f"Found [$success]{match_count}[/] matches for `[$accent]{term}[/]` across all columns",
+            title="Global Find",
+        )
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+    def do_next_match(self) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the next match."""
+        if not self.matches:
+            self.notify("No matches to navigate", title="Next Match", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Get sorted list of matched coordinates
+        ordered_matches = self.ordered_matches
+
+        # Current cursor position
+        current_pos = (self.cursor_row_idx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+
+        # Find the next match after current position
+        for ridx, cidx in ordered_matches:
+            if (ridx, cidx) > current_pos:
+                self.move_cursor_to(ridx, cidx)
+                return
+
+        # If no next match, wrap around to the first match
+        first_ridx, first_cidx = ordered_matches[0]
+        self.move_cursor_to(first_ridx, first_cidx)
+
+    def do_previous_match(self) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the previous match."""
+        if not self.matches:
+            self.notify("No matches to navigate", title="Previous Match", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Get sorted list of matched coordinates
+        ordered_matches = self.ordered_matches
+
+        # Current cursor position
+        current_pos = (self.cursor_row_idx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+
+        # Find the previous match before current position
+        for ridx, cidx in reversed(ordered_matches):
+            if (ridx, cidx) < current_pos:
+                row_key = str(ridx)
+                col_key = self.df.columns[cidx]
+                row_idx, col_idx = self.get_cell_coordinate(row_key, col_key)
+                self.move_cursor(row=row_idx, column=col_idx)
+                return
+
+        # If no previous match, wrap around to the last match
+        last_ridx, last_cidx = ordered_matches[-1]
+        row_key = str(last_ridx)
+        col_key = self.df.columns[last_cidx]
+        row_idx, col_idx = self.get_cell_coordinate(row_key, col_key)
+        self.move_cursor(row=row_idx, column=col_idx)
+
+    def do_next_selected_row(self) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the next selected row."""
+        if not self.selected_rows:
+            self.notify("No selected rows to navigate", title="Next Selected Row", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Get list of selected row indices in order
+        selected_row_indices = self.ordered_selected_rows
+
+        # Current cursor row
+        current_ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+
+        # Find the next selected row after current position
+        for ridx in selected_row_indices:
+            if ridx > current_ridx:
+                self.move_cursor_to(ridx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+                return
+
+        # If no next selected row, wrap around to the first selected row
+        first_ridx = selected_row_indices[0]
+        self.move_cursor_to(first_ridx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+
+    def do_previous_selected_row(self) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the previous selected row."""
+        if not self.selected_rows:
+            self.notify("No selected rows to navigate", title="Previous Selected Row", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Get list of selected row indices in order
+        selected_row_indices = self.ordered_selected_rows
+
+        # Current cursor row
+        current_ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+
+        # Find the previous selected row before current position
+        for ridx in reversed(selected_row_indices):
+            if ridx < current_ridx:
+                self.move_cursor_to(ridx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+                return
+
+        # If no previous selected row, wrap around to the last selected row
+        last_ridx = selected_row_indices[-1]
+        self.move_cursor_to(last_ridx, self.cursor_col_idx)
+
+    def do_replace(self) -> None:
+        """Open replace screen for current column."""
+        # Push the replace modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            FindReplaceScreen(self, title="Find and Replace in Current Column"),
+            callback=self.replace,
+        )
+
+    def replace(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle replace in current column."""
+        self.handle_replace(result, self.cursor_col_idx)
+
+    def do_replace_global(self) -> None:
+        """Open replace screen for all columns."""
+        # Push the replace modal screen
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            FindReplaceScreen(self, title="Global Find and Replace"),
+            callback=self.replace_global,
+        )
+
+    def replace_global(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle replace across all columns."""
+        self.handle_replace(result, None)
+
+    def handle_replace(self, result, cidx) -> None:
+        """Handle replace result from ReplaceScreen.
+
+        Args:
+            result: Result tuple from ReplaceScreen
+            cidx: Column index to perform replacement. If None, replace across all columns.
+        """
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        term_find, term_replace, match_nocase, match_whole, replace_all = result
+
+        if cidx is None:
+            col_name = "all columns"
+        else:
+            col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+
+        # Find all matches
+        matches = self.find_matches(term_find, cidx, match_nocase, match_whole)
+
+        if not matches:
+            self.notify(f"No matches found for [$warning]{term_find}[/]", title="Replace", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(
+            f"Replaced [$success]{term_find}[/] with [$accent]{term_replace}[/] in column [$success]{col_name}[/]"
+        )
+
+        # Update matches
+        self.matches = matches
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # Store state for interactive replacement using dataclass
+        rid2ridx = {rid: ridx for ridx, rid in enumerate(self.df[RID]) if rid in self.matches}
+
+        # Unique columns to replace
+        cols_to_replace = set()
+        for cols in self.matches.values():
+            cols_to_replace.update(cols)
+
+        # Sorted column indices to replace
+        cidx2col = {cidx: col for cidx, col in enumerate(self.df.columns) if col in cols_to_replace}
+
+        self.replace_state = ReplaceState(
+            term_find=term_find,
+            term_replace=term_replace,
+            match_nocase=match_nocase,
+            match_whole=match_whole,
+            cidx=cidx,
+            rows=list(rid2ridx.values()),
+            cols_per_row=[[cidx for cidx, col in cidx2col.items() if col in self.matches[rid]] for rid in rid2ridx],
+            current_rpos=0,
+            current_cpos=0,
+            current_occurrence=0,
+            total_occurrence=sum(len(cols) for cols in self.matches.values()),
+            replaced_occurrence=0,
+            skipped_occurrence=0,
+            done=False,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            if replace_all:
+                # Replace all occurrences
+                self.replace_all(term_find, term_replace)
+            else:
+                # Replace with confirmation for each occurrence
+                self.replace_interactive(term_find, term_replace)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error replacing [$error]{term_find}[/] with [$accent]{term_replace}[/]",
+                title="Replace",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error replacing `{term_find}` with `{term_replace}`: {str(e)}")
+
+    def replace_all(self, term_find: str, term_replace: str) -> None:
+        """Replace all occurrences."""
+        state = self.replace_state
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            ConfirmScreen(
+                "Replace All",
+                label=f"Replace `[$success]{term_find}[/]` with `[$success]{term_replace}[/]` for all [$accent]{state.total_occurrence}[/] occurrences?",
+            ),
+            callback=self.handle_replace_all_confirmation,
+        )
+
+    def handle_replace_all_confirmation(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle user's confirmation for replace all."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+
+        state = self.replace_state
+        rows = state.rows
+        cols_per_row = state.cols_per_row
+
+        # Batch replacements by column for efficiency
+        # Group row indices by column to minimize dataframe operations
+        cidxs_to_replace: dict[int, set[int]] = defaultdict(set)
+
+        # Single column replacement
+        if state.cidx is not None:
+            cidxs_to_replace[state.cidx].update(rows)
+        # Multiple columns replacement
+        else:
+            for ridx, cidxs in zip(rows, cols_per_row):
+                for cidx in cidxs:
+                    cidxs_to_replace[cidx].add(ridx)
+
+        # Apply replacements column by column (single operation per column)
+        for cidx, ridxs in cidxs_to_replace.items():
+            col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+            dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+
+            # Create a mask for rows to replace
+            mask = pl.arange(0, len(self.df)).is_in(ridxs)
+
+            # Only applicable to string columns for substring matches
+            if dtype == pl.String and not state.match_whole:
+                term_find = f"(?i){state.term_find}" if state.match_nocase else state.term_find
+                self.df = self.df.with_columns(
+                    pl.when(mask)
+                    .then(pl.col(col_name).str.replace_all(term_find, state.term_replace))
+                    .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                    .alias(col_name)
+                )
+            else:
+                # Try to convert replacement value to column dtype
+                try:
+                    value = DtypeConfig(dtype).convert(state.term_replace)
+                except Exception:
+                    value = state.term_replace
+
+                self.df = self.df.with_columns(
+                    pl.when(mask).then(pl.lit(value)).otherwise(pl.col(col_name)).alias(col_name)
+                )
+
+            # Also update the view if applicable
+            if self.df_view is not None:
+                col_updated = f"^_{col_name}_^"
+                lf_updated = self.df.lazy().filter(mask).select(pl.col(col_name).alias(col_updated), pl.col(RID))
+                self.df_view = (
+                    self.df_view.lazy()
+                    .join(lf_updated, on=RID, how="left")
+                    .with_columns(pl.coalesce(pl.col(col_updated), pl.col(col_name)).alias(col_name))
+                    .drop(col_updated)
+                    .collect()
+                )
+
+            state.replaced_occurrence += len(ridxs)
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        # Mark as dirty if any replacements were made
+        if state.replaced_occurrence > 0:
+            self.dirty = True
+
+        col_name = "all columns" if state.cidx is None else self.df.columns[state.cidx]
+        self.notify(
+            f"Replaced [$success]{state.replaced_occurrence}[/] of [$success]{state.total_occurrence}[/] in [$accent]{col_name}[/]",
+            title="Replace",
+        )
+
+    def replace_interactive(self, term_find: str, term_replace: str) -> None:
+        """Replace with user confirmation for each occurrence."""
+        try:
+            # Start with first match
+            self.show_next_replace_confirmation()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Error replacing [$error]{term_find}[/] with [$accent]{term_replace}[/]",
+                title="Replace",
+                severity="error",
+                timeout=10,
+            )
+            self.log(f"Error in interactive replace: {str(e)}")
+
+    def show_next_replace_confirmation(self) -> None:
+        """Show confirmation for next replacement."""
+        state = self.replace_state
+        if state.done:
+            # All done - show final notification
+            col_name = "all columns" if state.cidx is None else self.df.columns[state.cidx]
+            msg = f"Replaced [$success]{state.replaced_occurrence}[/] of [$success]{state.total_occurrence}[/] in [$accent]{col_name}[/]"
+            if state.skipped_occurrence > 0:
+                msg += f", [$warning]{state.skipped_occurrence}[/] skipped"
+            self.notify(msg, title="Replace")
+
+            if state.replaced_occurrence > 0:
+                self.dirty = True
+
+            return
+
+        # Move cursor to next match
+        ridx = state.rows[state.current_rpos]
+        cidx = state.cols_per_row[state.current_rpos][state.current_cpos]
+        self.move_cursor_to(ridx, cidx)
+
+        state.current_occurrence += 1
+
+        # Show confirmation
+        label = f"Replace `[$warning]{state.term_find}[/]` with `[$success]{state.term_replace}[/]` ({state.current_occurrence} of {state.total_occurrence})?"
+
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            ConfirmScreen("Replace", label=label, maybe="Skip"),
+            callback=self.handle_replace_confirmation,
+        )
+
+    def handle_replace_confirmation(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle user's confirmation response."""
+        state = self.replace_state
+        if state.done:
+            return
+
+        ridx = state.rows[state.current_rpos]
+        cidx = state.cols_per_row[state.current_rpos][state.current_cpos]
+        col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+        dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+        rid = self.df[RID][ridx]
+
+        # Replace
+        if result is True:
+            # Only applicable to string columns for substring matches
+            if dtype == pl.String and not state.match_whole:
+                term_find = f"(?i){state.term_find}" if state.match_nocase else state.term_find
+                self.df = self.df.with_columns(
+                    pl.when(pl.arange(0, len(self.df)) == ridx)
+                    .then(pl.col(col_name).str.replace_all(term_find, state.term_replace))
+                    .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                    .alias(col_name)
+                )
+
+                # Also update the view if applicable
+                if self.df_view is not None:
+                    self.df_view = self.df_view.with_columns(
+                        pl.when(pl.col(RID) == rid)
+                        .then(pl.col(col_name).str.replace_all(term_find, state.term_replace))
+                        .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                        .alias(col_name)
+                    )
+            else:
+                # try to convert replacement value to column dtype
+                try:
+                    value = DtypeConfig(dtype).convert(state.term_replace)
+                except Exception:
+                    value = state.term_replace
+
+                self.df = self.df.with_columns(
+                    pl.when(pl.arange(0, len(self.df)) == ridx)
+                    .then(pl.lit(value))
+                    .otherwise(pl.col(col_name))
+                    .alias(col_name)
+                )
+
+                # Also update the view if applicable
+                if self.df_view is not None:
+                    self.df_view = self.df_view.with_columns(
+                        pl.when(pl.col(RID) == rid).then(pl.lit(value)).otherwise(pl.col(col_name)).alias(col_name)
+                    )
+
+            state.replaced_occurrence += 1
+
+        # Skip
+        elif result is False:
+            state.skipped_occurrence += 1
+
+        # Cancel
+        else:
+            state.done = True
+
+        if not state.done:
+            # Get the new value of the current cell after replacement
+            new_cell_value = self.df.item(ridx, cidx)
+            row_key = str(ridx)
+            col_key = col_name
+            self.update_cell(
+                row_key, col_key, Text(str(new_cell_value), style=HIGHLIGHT_COLOR, justify=DtypeConfig(dtype).justify)
+            )
+
+            # Move to next
+            if state.current_cpos + 1 < len(state.cols_per_row[state.current_rpos]):
+                state.current_cpos += 1
+            else:
+                state.current_cpos = 0
+                state.current_rpos += 1
+
+            if state.current_rpos >= len(state.rows):
+                state.done = True
+
+        # Show next confirmation
+        self.show_next_replace_confirmation()
+
+    # View & Filter
+    def do_view_rows(self) -> None:
+        """View rows.
+
+        If there are selected rows, view those.
+        Otherwise, view based on the cursor value.
+        """
+
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        col_name = self.cursor_col_name
+
+        # If there are selected rows, use those
+        if self.selected_rows:
+            term = pl.col(RID).is_in(self.selected_rows)
+        # Otherwise, use the current cell value
+        else:
+            ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+            value = self.df.item(ridx, cidx)
+            term = pl.col(col_name).is_null() if value is None else pl.col(col_name) == value
+
+        self.view_rows((term, cidx, False, True))
+
+    def do_view_rows_expr(self) -> None:
+        """Open the filter screen to enter an expression."""
+        ridx = self.cursor_row_idx
+        cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+        cursor_value = self.df.item(ridx, cidx)
+        term = NULL if cursor_value is None else str(cursor_value)
+
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            FilterScreen(self.df, cidx, term),
+            callback=self.view_rows,
+        )
+
+    def view_rows(self, result) -> None:
+        """View selected rows and hide others. Do not modify the dataframe."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        term, cidx, match_nocase, match_whole = result
+
+        col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+
+        # Support for polars expression
+        if isinstance(term, pl.Expr):
+            expr = term
+
+        # Support for list of booleans (selected rows)
+        elif isinstance(term, (list, pl.Series)):
+            expr = term
+
+        # Null case
+        elif term == NULL:
+            expr = pl.col(col_name).is_null()
+
+        # Support for polars expression in string form
+        elif tentative_expr(term):
+            try:
+                expr = validate_expr(term, self.df.columns, cidx)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.notify(
+                    f"Error validating expression [$error]{term}[/]", title="Filter", severity="error", timeout=10
+                )
+                self.log(f"Error validating expression `{term}`: {str(e)}")
+                return
+
+        # Type-aware search based on column dtype
+        else:
+            dtype = self.df.dtypes[cidx]
+            if dtype == pl.String:
+                if match_whole:
+                    term = f"^{term}$"
+                if match_nocase:
+                    term = f"(?i){term}"
+                expr = pl.col(col_name).str.contains(term)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    value = DtypeConfig(dtype).convert(term)
+                    expr = pl.col(col_name) == value
+                except Exception:
+                    if match_whole:
+                        term = f"^{term}$"
+                    if match_nocase:
+                        term = f"(?i){term}"
+                    expr = pl.col(col_name).cast(pl.String).str.contains(term)
+                    self.notify(
+                        f"Unknown column type [$warning]{dtype}[/]. Cast to string.", title="Filter", severity="warning"
+                    )
+
+        # Lazyframe with row indices
+        lf = self.df.lazy()
+
+        expr_str = "boolean list or series" if isinstance(expr, (list, pl.Series)) else str(expr)
+
+        # Apply the filter expression
+        try:
+            df_filtered = lf.filter(expr).collect()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.histories_undo.pop()  # Remove last history entry
+            self.notify(f"Error applying filter [$error]{expr_str}[/]", title="Filter", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.log(f"Error applying filter `{expr_str}`: {str(e)}")
+            return
+
+        matched_count = len(df_filtered)
+        if not matched_count:
+            self.notify(f"No rows match the expression: [$success]{expr}[/]", title="Filter", severity="warning")
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"Filtered by expression [$success]{expr_str}[/]")
+
+        ok_rids = set(df_filtered[RID])
+
+        # Create a view of self.df as a copy
+        if self.df_view is None:
+            self.df_view = self.df
+
+        # Update dataframe
+        self.df = df_filtered
+
+        # Update selected rows
+        if self.selected_rows:
+            self.selected_rows.intersection_update(ok_rids)
+
+        # Update matches
+        if self.matches:
+            self.matches = {rid: cols for rid, cols in self.matches.items() if rid in ok_rids}
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        self.notify(f"Filtered to [$success]{matched_count}[/] matching row(s)", title="Filter")
+
+    def do_filter_rows(self) -> None:
+        """Filter rows.
+
+        If there are selected rows, use those.
+        Otherwise, filter based on the cursor value.
+        """
+        if self.selected_rows:
+            message = "Filtered to selected rows (other rows removed)"
+            filter_expr = pl.col(RID).is_in(self.selected_rows)
+        else:  # Search cursor value in current column
+            message = "Filtered to rows matching cursor value (other rows removed)"
+            cidx = self.cursor_col_idx
+            col_name = self.df.columns[cidx]
+            value = self.cursor_value
+
+            if value is None:
+                filter_expr = pl.col(col_name).is_null()
+            else:
+                filter_expr = pl.col(col_name) == value
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(message, dirty=True)
+
+        # Apply filter to dataframe with row indices
+        df_filtered = self.df.lazy().filter(filter_expr).collect()
+        ok_rids = set(df_filtered[RID])
+
+        # Update selected rows
+        if self.selected_rows:
+            selected_rows = {rid for rid in self.selected_rows if rid in ok_rids}
+        else:
+            selected_rows = set()
+
+        # Update matches
+        if self.matches:
+            matches = {rid: cols for rid, cols in self.matches.items() if rid in ok_rids}
+        else:
+            matches = defaultdict(set)
+
+        # Update dataframe
+        self.reset_df(df_filtered)
+
+        # Clear view for filter mode
+        self.df_view = None
+
+        # Restore selected rows and matches
+        self.selected_rows = selected_rows
+        self.matches = matches
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        self.notify(f"{message}. Now showing [$success]{len(self.df)}[/] rows.", title="Filter")
+
+    # Copy & Save
+    def do_copy_to_clipboard(self, content: str, message: str) -> None:
+        """Copy content to clipboard using pbcopy (macOS) or xclip (Linux).
+
+        Args:
+            content: The text content to copy to clipboard.
+            message: The notification message to display on success.
+        """
+        import subprocess
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    "pbcopy" if sys.platform == "darwin" else "xclip",
+                    "-selection",
+                    "clipboard",
+                ],
+                input=content,
+                text=True,
+            )
+            self.notify(message, title="Clipboard")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self.notify("Error copying to clipboard", title="Clipboard", severity="error", timeout=10)
+
+    def do_save_to_file(self, all_tabs: bool | None = None, task_after_save: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Open screen to save file."""
+        self._task_after_save = task_after_save
+        tab_count = len(self.app.tabs)
+        save_all = tab_count > 1 and all_tabs is not False
+
+        filepath = Path(self.filename)
+        if save_all:
+            ext = filepath.suffix.lower()
+            if ext in (".xlsx", ".xls"):
+                filename = self.filename
+            else:
+                filename = "all-tabs.xlsx"
+        else:
+            filename = str(filepath.with_stem(self.tabname))
+
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            SaveFileScreen(filename, save_all=save_all, tab_count=tab_count),
+            callback=self.save_to_file,
+        )
+
+    def save_to_file(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle result from SaveFileScreen."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        filename, save_all, overwrite_prompt = result
+        self._save_all = save_all
+
+        # Check if file exists
+        if overwrite_prompt and Path(filename).exists():
+            self._pending_filename = filename
+            self.app.push_screen(
+                ConfirmScreen("File already exists. Overwrite?"),
+                callback=self.confirm_overwrite,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.save_file(filename)
+
+    def confirm_overwrite(self, should_overwrite: bool) -> None:
+        """Handle result from ConfirmScreen."""
+        if should_overwrite:
+            self.save_file(self._pending_filename)
+        else:
+            # Go back to SaveFileScreen to allow user to enter a different name
+            self.app.push_screen(
+                SaveFileScreen(self._pending_filename, save_all=self._save_all),
+                callback=self.save_to_file,
+            )
+
+    def save_file(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        """Actually save the dataframe to a file."""
+        filepath = Path(filename)
+        ext = filepath.suffix.lower()
+        if ext == ".gz":
+            ext = Path(filename).with_suffix("").suffix.lower()
+
+        fmt = ext.removeprefix(".")
+        if fmt not in SUPPORTED_FORMATS:
+            self.notify(
+                f"Unsupported file format [$success]{fmt}[/]. Use [$accent]CSV[/] as fallback. Supported formats: {', '.join(SUPPORTED_FORMATS)}",
+                title="Save to File",
+                severity="warning",
+            )
+            fmt = "csv"
+
+        df = (self.df if self.df_view is None else self.df_view).select(pl.exclude(RID))
+        try:
+            if fmt == "csv":
+                df.write_csv(filename)
+            elif fmt in ("tsv", "tab"):
+                df.write_csv(filename, separator="\t")
+            elif fmt in ("xlsx", "xls"):
+                self.save_excel(filename)
+            elif fmt == "json":
+                df.write_json(filename)
+            elif fmt == "ndjson":
+                df.write_ndjson(filename)
+            elif fmt == "parquet":
+                df.write_parquet(filename)
+            else:  # Fallback to CSV
+                df.write_csv(filename)
+
+            # Update current filename
+            self.filename = filename
+
+            # Reset dirty flag after save
+            if self._save_all:
+                tabs: dict[TabPane, DataFrameTable] = self.app.tabs
+                for table in tabs.values():
+                    table.dirty = False
+            else:
+                self.dirty = False
+
+            if hasattr(self, "_task_after_save"):
+                if self._task_after_save == "close_tab":
+                    self.app.do_close_tab()
+                elif self._task_after_save == "quit_app":
+                    self.app.exit()
+
+            # From ConfirmScreen callback, so notify accordingly
+            if self._save_all:
+                self.notify(f"Saved all tabs to [$success]{filename}[/]", title="Save to File")
+            else:
+                self.notify(f"Saved current tab to [$success]{filename}[/]", title="Save to File")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(f"Error saving [$error]{filename}[/]", title="Save to File", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.log(f"Error saving file `{filename}`: {str(e)}")
+
+    def save_excel(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        """Save to an Excel file."""
+        import xlsxwriter
+
+        if not self._save_all or len(self.app.tabs) == 1:
+            # Single tab - save directly
+            df = (self.df if self.df_view is None else self.df_view).select(pl.exclude(RID))
+            df.write_excel(filename, worksheet=self.tabname)
+        else:
+            # Multiple tabs - use xlsxwriter to create multiple sheets
+            with xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename) as wb:
+                tabs: dict[TabPane, DataFrameTable] = self.app.tabs
+                for table in tabs.values():
+                    worksheet = wb.add_worksheet(table.tabname)
+                    df = (table.df if table.df_view is None else table.df_view).select(pl.exclude(RID))
+                    df.write_excel(workbook=wb, worksheet=worksheet)
+
+    # SQL Interface
+    def do_simple_sql(self) -> None:
+        """Open the SQL interface screen."""
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            SimpleSqlScreen(self),
+            callback=self.simple_sql,
+        )
+
+    def simple_sql(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle SQL result result from SimpleSqlScreen."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        columns, where, view = result
+
+        sql = f"SELECT {columns} FROM self"
+        if where:
+            sql += f" WHERE {where}"
+
+        self.run_sql(sql, view)
+
+    def do_advanced_sql(self) -> None:
+        """Open the advanced SQL interface screen."""
+        self.app.push_screen(
+            AdvancedSqlScreen(self),
+            callback=self.advanced_sql,
+        )
+
+    def advanced_sql(self, result) -> None:
+        """Handle SQL result result from AdvancedSqlScreen."""
+        if result is None:
+            return
+        sql, view = result
+
+        self.run_sql(sql, view)
+
+    def run_sql(self, sql: str, view: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Execute a SQL query directly.
+
+        Args:
+            sql: The SQL query string to execute.
+        """
+
+        sql = sql.replace("$#", f"(`{RID}` + 1)")
+        if RID not in sql and "*" not in sql:
+            # Ensure RID is selected
+            import re
+
+            RE_FROM_SELF = re.compile(r"\bFROM\s+self\b", re.IGNORECASE)
+            sql = RE_FROM_SELF.sub(f", `{RID}` FROM self", sql)
+
+        # Execute the SQL query
+        try:
+            df_filtered = self.df.lazy().sql(sql).collect()
+
+            if not len(df_filtered):
+                self.notify(
+                    f"SQL query returned no results for [$warning]{sql}[/]", title="SQL Query", severity="warning"
+                )
+                return
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.notify(f"Error executing SQL query [$error]{sql}[/]", title="SQL Query", severity="error", timeout=10)
+            self.log(f"Error executing SQL query `{sql}`: {str(e)}")
+            return
+
+        # Add to history
+        self.add_history(f"SQL Query:\n[$success]{sql}[/]", dirty=not view)
+
+        # Create a view of self.df as a copy
+        if view and self.df_view is None:
+            self.df_view = self.df
+
+        # Clear view for filter mode
+        if not view:
+            self.df_view = None
+
+        # Update dataframe
+        self.df = df_filtered
+        ok_rids = set(df_filtered[RID])
+
+        # Update selected rows
+        if self.selected_rows:
+            self.selected_rows.intersection_update(ok_rids)
+
+        # Update matches
+        if self.matches:
+            self.matches = {rid: cols for rid, cols in self.matches.items() if rid in ok_rids}
+
+        # Recreate table for display
+        self.setup_table()
+
+        self.notify(
+            f"SQL query executed successfully. Now showing [$accent]{len(self.df)}[/] rows and [$accent]{len(self.df.columns)}[/] columns.",
+            title="SQL Query",
+        )