cuda-cccl 0.3.4__cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_24_aarch64.whl

cuda/cccl/headers/include/cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh

@@ -0,0 +1,1203 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2011, Duane Merrill. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2011-2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * The cub::BlockDiscontinuity class provides [<em>collective</em>](../index.html#sec0) methods for
+ * flagging discontinuities within an ordered set of items partitioned across a CUDA thread block.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cub/config.cuh>
+
+#if defined(_CCCL_IMPLICIT_SYSTEM_HEADER_GCC)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#elif defined(_CCCL_IMPLICIT_SYSTEM_HEADER_CLANG)
+#  pragma clang system_header
+#elif defined(_CCCL_IMPLICIT_SYSTEM_HEADER_MSVC)
+#  pragma system_header
+#endif // no system header
+
+#include <cub/util_ptx.cuh>
+#include <cub/util_type.cuh>
+
+CUB_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! @rst
+//! The BlockDiscontinuity class provides :ref:`collective <collective-primitives>` methods for
+//! flagging discontinuities within an ordered set of items partitioned across a CUDA thread
+//! block.
+//!
+//! Overview
+//! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+//!
+//! - A set of "head flags" (or "tail flags") is often used to indicate corresponding items
+//!   that differ from their predecessors (or successors). For example, head flags are convenient
+//!   for demarcating disjoint data segments as part of a segmented scan or reduction.
+//! - @blocked
+//!
+//! Performance Considerations
+//! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+//!
+//! - @granularity
+//! - Incurs zero bank conflicts for most types
+//!
+//! A Simple Example
+//! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+//!
+//! @blockcollective{BlockDiscontinuity}
+//!
+//! The code snippet below illustrates the head flagging of 512 integer items that
+//! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+//! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+//!
+//! .. code-block:: c++
+//!
+//!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+//!
+//!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+//!    {
+//!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+//!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+//!
+//!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+//!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+//!
+//!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+//!        int thread_data[4];
+//!        ...
+//!
+//!        // Collectively compute head flags for discontinuities in the segment
+//!        int head_flags[4];
+//!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeads(head_flags, thread_data, cub::Inequality());
+//!    }
+//!
+//! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+//! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], [3,4,4,4], ... }``.
+//! The corresponding output ``head_flags`` in those threads will be
+//! ``{ [1,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``.
+//!
+//! Re-using dynamically allocating shared memory
+//! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+//!
+//! The ``examples/block/example_block_reduce_dyn_smem.cu`` example illustrates usage of
+//! dynamically shared memory with BlockReduce and how to re-purpose the same memory region.
+//! This example can be easily adapted to the storage required by BlockDiscontinuity.
+//! @endrst
+//!
+//! @tparam T
+//!   The data type to be flagged.
+//!
+//! @tparam BlockDimX
+//!   The thread block length in threads along the X dimension
+//!
+//! @tparam BlockDimY
+//!   **[optional]** The thread block length in threads along the Y dimension (default: 1)
+//!
+//! @tparam BlockDimZ
+//!   **[optional]** The thread block length in threads along the Z dimension (default: 1)
+//!
+template <typename T, int BlockDimX, int BlockDimY = 1, int BlockDimZ = 1>
+class BlockDiscontinuity
+{
+private:
+  enum
+  {
+    /// The thread block size in threads
+    BLOCK_THREADS = BlockDimX * BlockDimY * BlockDimZ,
+  };
+
+  /// Shared memory storage layout type (last element from each thread's input)
+  struct _TempStorage
+  {
+    T first_items[BLOCK_THREADS];
+    T last_items[BLOCK_THREADS];
+  };
+
+  /// Internal storage allocator
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE _TempStorage& PrivateStorage()
+  {
+    __shared__ _TempStorage private_storage;
+    return private_storage;
+  }
+
+  /// Specialization for when FlagOp has third index param
+  template <typename FlagOp, bool HAS_PARAM = BinaryOpHasIdxParam<T, FlagOp>::value>
+  struct ApplyOp
+  {
+    // Apply flag operator
+    static _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE bool FlagT(FlagOp flag_op, const T& a, const T& b, int idx)
+    {
+      return flag_op(a, b, idx);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /// Specialization for when FlagOp does not have a third index param
+  template <typename FlagOp>
+  struct ApplyOp<FlagOp, false>
+  {
+    // Apply flag operator
+    static _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE bool FlagT(FlagOp flag_op, const T& a, const T& b, int /*idx*/)
+    {
+      return flag_op(a, b);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /// Templated unrolling of item comparison (inductive case)
+  struct Iterate
+  {
+    /**
+     * @brief Head flags
+     *
+     * @param[out] flags
+     *   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+     *
+     * @param[in] input
+     *   Calling thread's input items
+     *
+     * @param[out] preds
+     *   Calling thread's predecessor items
+     *
+     * @param[in] flag_op
+     *   Binary boolean flag predicate
+     */
+    template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+    static _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeads(
+      int linear_tid,
+      FlagT (&flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+      T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+      T (&preds)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+      FlagOp flag_op)
+    {
+      _CCCL_PRAGMA_UNROLL_FULL()
+      for (int i = 1; i < ITEMS_PER_THREAD; ++i)
+      {
+        preds[i] = input[i - 1];
+        flags[i] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[i], input[i], (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Tail flags
+     *
+     * @param[out] flags
+     *   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+     *
+     * @param[in] input
+     *   Calling thread's input items
+     *
+     * @param[in] flag_op
+     *   Binary boolean flag predicate
+     */
+    template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+    static _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+    FlagTails(int linear_tid, FlagT (&flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], FlagOp flag_op)
+    {
+      _CCCL_PRAGMA_UNROLL_FULL()
+      for (int i = 0; i < ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1; ++i)
+      {
+        flags[i] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, input[i], input[i + 1], (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + i + 1);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  /******************************************************************************
+   * Thread fields
+   ******************************************************************************/
+
+  /// Shared storage reference
+  _TempStorage& temp_storage;
+
+  /// Linear thread-id
+  unsigned int linear_tid;
+
+public:
+  /// @smemstorage{BlockDiscontinuity}
+  struct TempStorage : Uninitialized<_TempStorage>
+  {};
+
+  //! @name Collective constructors
+  //! @{
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Collective constructor using a private static allocation of shared memory as temporary
+   *        storage.
+   */
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE BlockDiscontinuity()
+      : temp_storage(PrivateStorage())
+      , linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BlockDimX, BlockDimY, BlockDimZ))
+  {}
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Collective constructor using the specified memory allocation as temporary storage.
+   *
+   * @param[in] temp_storage
+   *   Reference to memory allocation having layout type TempStorage
+   */
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE BlockDiscontinuity(TempStorage& temp_storage)
+      : temp_storage(temp_storage.Alias())
+      , linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BlockDimX, BlockDimY, BlockDimZ))
+  {}
+
+  //! @} end member group
+  //! @name Head flag operations
+  //! @{
+
+#ifndef _CCCL_DOXYGEN_INVOKED // Do not document
+
+  /**
+   * @param[out] head_flags
+   *   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+   *
+   * @param[in] input
+   *   Calling thread's input items
+   *
+   * @param[out] preds
+   *   Calling thread's predecessor items
+   *
+   * @param[in] flag_op
+   *   Binary boolean flag predicate
+   */
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeads(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&preds)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    // Share last item
+    temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid] = input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    if (linear_tid == 0)
+    {
+      // Set flag for first thread-item (preds[0] is undefined)
+      head_flags[0] = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      preds[0]      = temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid - 1];
+      head_flags[0] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[0], input[0], linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+    }
+
+    // Set head_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagHeads(linear_tid, head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param[out] head_flags
+   *   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+   *
+   * @param[in] input
+   *   Calling thread's input items
+   *
+   * @param[out] preds
+   *   Calling thread's predecessor items
+   *
+   * @param[in] flag_op
+   *   Binary boolean flag predicate
+   *
+   * @param[in] tile_predecessor_item
+   *   <b>[<em>thread</em><sub>0</sub> only]</b> Item with which to compare the first tile item
+   *   (<tt>input<sub>0</sub></tt> from <em>thread</em><sub>0</sub>).
+   */
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeads(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T (&preds)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagOp flag_op,
+    T tile_predecessor_item)
+  {
+    // Share last item
+    temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid] = input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Set flag for first thread-item
+    preds[0] = (linear_tid == 0) ? tile_predecessor_item : // First thread
+                 temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid - 1];
+
+    head_flags[0] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[0], input[0], linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set head_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagHeads(linear_tid, head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+  }
+
+#endif // _CCCL_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets head flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread
+  //! block, for which the first item has no reference and is always flagged.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``head_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(previous-item, input[i])`` returns
+  //!   ``true`` (where ``previous-item`` is either the preceding item in the same thread or the last item in
+  //!   the previous thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`0`, item ``input[0]`` is always flagged.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the head-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute head flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int head_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeads(head_flags, thread_data, cub::Inequality());
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], [3,4,4,4], ... }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``head_flags`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [1,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`.
+  //!   `b_index` is the rank of b in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] head_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  FlagHeads(FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    T preds[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+    FlagHeads(head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets head flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread block.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``head_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(previous-item, input[i])``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where ``previous-item`` is either the preceding item in the same thread or the last item
+  //!   in the previous thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`0`, item ``input[0]`` is compared against ``tile_predecessor_item``.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the head-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread0 obtain the predecessor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_predecessor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 0) tile_predecessor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute head flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int head_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeads(head_flags, thread_data,
+  //!                                                   cub::Inequality(), tile_predecessor_item);
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], [3,4,4,4], ... }``,
+  //! and that ``tile_predecessor_item`` is ``0``.  The corresponding output ``head_flags`` in those
+  //! threads will be ``{ [0,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`,
+  //!   and returning `true` if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`,
+  //!   otherwise `false`.  `b_index` is the rank of b in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] head_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity `head_flags`
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] tile_predecessor_item
+  //!   @rst
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`0` only item with which to compare the first tile item (``input[0]`` from *thread*\ :sub:`0`).
+  //!   @endrst
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeads(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], FlagOp flag_op, T tile_predecessor_item)
+  {
+    T preds[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+    FlagHeads(head_flags, input, preds, flag_op, tile_predecessor_item);
+  }
+
+  //! @} end member group
+  //! @name Tail flag operations
+  //! @{
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets tail flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread
+  //! block, for which the last item has no reference and is always flagged.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``tail_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when
+  //!   ``flag_op(input[i], next-item)``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where `next-item` is either the next item
+  //!   in the same thread or the first item in the next thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`, item ``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` is always flagged.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the tail-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute tail flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int tail_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagTails(tail_flags, thread_data, cub::Inequality());
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], ..., [124,125,125,125] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``tail_flags`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,...], ..., [1,0,0,1] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`. `b_index` is the
+  //!   rank of `b` in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] tail_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity tail_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  FlagTails(FlagT (&tail_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    // Share first item
+    temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid] = input[0];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Set flag for last thread-item
+    tail_flags[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1] =
+      (linear_tid == BLOCK_THREADS - 1) ? 1 : // Last thread
+        ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(
+          flag_op,
+          input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1],
+          temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid + 1],
+          (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set tail_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagTails(linear_tid, tail_flags, input, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets tail flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread block.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``tail_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(input[i], next-item)``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where ``next-item`` is either the next item in the same thread or the first item in
+  //!   the next thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`, item ``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` is compared against
+  //!   ``tile_successor_item``.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the tail-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread127 obtain the successor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_successor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 127) tile_successor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute tail flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int tail_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagTails(tail_flags, thread_data,
+  //!                                                   cub::Inequality(), tile_successor_item);
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], ..., [124,125,125,125] }``
+  //! and that ``tile_successor_item`` is ``125``.  The corresponding output ``tail_flags`` in those
+  //! threads will be ``{ [0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,...], ..., [1,0,0,0] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`. `b_index` is the
+  //!   rank of `b` in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] tail_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity tail_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] tile_successor_item
+  //!   @rst
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1` only item with which to
+  //!   compare the last tile item (``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` from
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`).
+  //!   @endrst
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  FlagTails(FlagT (&tail_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], FlagOp flag_op, T tile_successor_item)
+  {
+    // Share first item
+    temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid] = input[0];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Set flag for last thread-item
+    T successor_item = (linear_tid == BLOCK_THREADS - 1) ? tile_successor_item : // Last thread
+                         temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid + 1];
+
+    tail_flags[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(
+      flag_op, input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1], successor_item, (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set tail_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagTails(linear_tid, tail_flags, input, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @} end member group
+  //! @name Head & tail flag operations
+  //! @{
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets both head and tail flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread block.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``head_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(previous-item, input[i])`` returns
+  //!   ``true`` (where ``previous-item`` is either the preceding item in the same thread or the last item in
+  //!   the previous thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`0`, item ``input[0]`` is always flagged.
+  //! - The flag ``tail_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(input[i], next-item)``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where next-item is either the next item in the same thread or the first item in
+  //!   the next thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`, item ``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` is always flagged.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the head- and tail-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute head and flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int head_flags[4];
+  //!        int tail_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeadsAndTails(head_flags, tail_flags, thread_data,
+  //!                                                           cub::Inequality());
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], ..., [124,125,125,125] }``
+  //! and that the tile_successor_item is ``125``.  The corresponding output ``head_flags``
+  //! in those threads will be ``{ [1,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``.
+  //! and the corresponding output ``tail_flags`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,...], ..., [1,0,0,1] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`. `b_index` is the
+  //!   rank of `b` in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] head_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] tail_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity tail_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeadsAndTails(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagT (&tail_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    // Share first and last items
+    temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid] = input[0];
+    temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid]  = input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    T preds[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    // Set flag for first thread-item
+    if (linear_tid == 0)
+    {
+      head_flags[0] = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      preds[0]      = temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid - 1];
+      head_flags[0] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[0], input[0], linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+    }
+
+    // Set flag for last thread-item
+    tail_flags[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1] =
+      (linear_tid == BLOCK_THREADS - 1) ? 1 : // Last thread
+        ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(
+          flag_op,
+          input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1],
+          temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid + 1],
+          (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set head_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagHeads(linear_tid, head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+
+    // Set tail_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagTails(linear_tid, tail_flags, input, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets both head and tail flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread block.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``head_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when
+  //!   ``flag_op(previous-item, input[i])`` returns ``true`` (where ``previous-item`` is either the preceding item
+  //!   in the same thread or the last item in the previous thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`0`, item ``input[0]`` is always flagged.
+  //! - The flag ``tail_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(input[i], next-item)`` returns ``true``
+  //!   (where ``next-item`` is either the next item in the same thread or the first item in the next thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`, item ``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` is compared
+  //!   against ``tile_predecessor_item``.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the head- and tail-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread127 obtain the successor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_successor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 127) tile_successor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute head and flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int head_flags[4];
+  //!        int tail_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeadsAndTails(head_flags, tail_flags,
+  //!                                                           tile_successor_item, thread_data,
+  //!                                                           cub::Inequality());
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], ..., [124,125,125,125] }``
+  //! and that the tile_successor_item is ``125``. The corresponding output ``head_flags``
+  //! in those threads will be ``{ [1,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``.
+  //! and the corresponding output ``tail_flags`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,...], ..., [1,0,0,0] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`. `b_index` is the
+  //!   rank of b in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] head_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] tail_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity tail_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] tile_successor_item
+  //!   @rst
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1` only item with which to compare
+  //!   the last tile item (``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` from
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`).
+  //!   @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeadsAndTails(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagT (&tail_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T tile_successor_item,
+    T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    // Share first and last items
+    temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid] = input[0];
+    temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid]  = input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    T preds[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    // Set flag for first thread-item
+    if (linear_tid == 0)
+    {
+      head_flags[0] = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      preds[0]      = temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid - 1];
+      head_flags[0] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[0], input[0], linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+    }
+
+    // Set flag for last thread-item
+    T successor_item = (linear_tid == BLOCK_THREADS - 1) ? tile_successor_item : // Last thread
+                         temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid + 1];
+
+    tail_flags[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(
+      flag_op, input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1], successor_item, (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set head_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagHeads(linear_tid, head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+
+    // Set tail_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagTails(linear_tid, tail_flags, input, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets both head and tail flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread block.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``head_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(previous-item, input[i])``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where ``previous-item`` is either the preceding item in the same thread or the last item
+  //!   in the previous thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`0`, item ``input[0]`` is compared against ``tile_predecessor_item``.
+  //! - The flag ``tail_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when
+  //!   ``flag_op(input[i], next-item)`` returns ``true`` (where ``next-item`` is either the next item
+  //!   in the same thread or the first item in the next thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`, item
+  //!   ``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` is always flagged.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the head- and tail-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread0 obtain the predecessor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_predecessor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 0) tile_predecessor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread127 obtain the successor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_successor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 127) tile_successor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute head and flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int head_flags[4];
+  //!        int tail_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeadsAndTails(head_flags, tile_predecessor_item,
+  //!                                                           tail_flags, tile_successor_item,
+  //!                                                           thread_data, cub::Inequality());
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], ..., [124,125,125,125] }``,
+  //! that the ``tile_predecessor_item`` is ``0``, and that the ``tile_successor_item`` is ``125``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``head_flags`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``, and the corresponding output ``tail_flags``
+  //! in those threads will be ``{ [0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,...], ..., [1,0,0,1] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`. `b_index` is the rank
+  //!   of b in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] head_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] tile_predecessor_item
+  //!   @rst
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`0` only item with which to compare the first tile item (``input[0]`` from *thread*\ :sub:`0`).
+  //!   @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] tail_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity tail_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeadsAndTails(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T tile_predecessor_item,
+    FlagT (&tail_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    // Share first and last items
+    temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid] = input[0];
+    temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid]  = input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    T preds[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    // Set flag for first thread-item
+    preds[0] = (linear_tid == 0) ? tile_predecessor_item : // First thread
+                 temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid - 1];
+
+    head_flags[0] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[0], input[0], linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set flag for last thread-item
+    tail_flags[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1] =
+      (linear_tid == BLOCK_THREADS - 1) ? 1 : // Last thread
+        ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(
+          flag_op,
+          input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1],
+          temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid + 1],
+          (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set head_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagHeads(linear_tid, head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+
+    // Set tail_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagTails(linear_tid, tail_flags, input, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Sets both head and tail flags indicating discontinuities between items partitioned across the thread block.
+  //!
+  //! - The flag ``head_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(previous-item, input[i])``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where ``previous-item`` is either the preceding item in the same thread or the last item in
+  //!   the previous thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`0`, item ``input[0]`` is compared against ``tile_predecessor_item``.
+  //! - The flag ``tail_flags[i]`` is set for item ``input[i]`` when ``flag_op(input[i], next-item)``
+  //!   returns ``true`` (where ``next-item`` is either the next item in the same thread or the first item in
+  //!   the next thread).
+  //! - For *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`, item ``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` is compared
+  //!   against ``tile_successor_item``.
+  //! - @blocked
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates the head- and tail-flagging of 512 integer items that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_discontinuity.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockDiscontinuity for a 1D block of 128 threads of type int
+  //!        using BlockDiscontinuity = cub::BlockDiscontinuity<int, 128>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockDiscontinuity
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockDiscontinuity::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_data[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread0 obtain the predecessor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_predecessor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 0) tile_predecessor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Have thread127 obtain the successor item for the entire tile
+  //!        int tile_successor_item;
+  //!        if (threadIdx.x == 127) tile_successor_item == ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively compute head and flags for discontinuities in the segment
+  //!        int head_flags[4];
+  //!        int tail_flags[4];
+  //!        BlockDiscontinuity(temp_storage).FlagHeadsAndTails(head_flags, tile_predecessor_item,
+  //!                                                           tail_flags, tile_successor_item,
+  //!                                                           thread_data, cub::Inequality());
+  //!    }
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_data`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,0,1,1], [1,1,1,1], [2,3,3,3], ..., [124,125,125,125] }``,
+  //! that the ``tile_predecessor_item`` is ``0``, and that the
+  //! ``tile_successor_item`` is ``125``. The corresponding output ``head_flags``
+  //! in those threads will be ``{ [0,0,1,0], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0], ... }``.
+  //! and the corresponding output ``tail_flags`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,1,0,0], [0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,...], ..., [1,0,0,0] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+  //!   **[inferred]** The number of consecutive items partitioned onto each thread.
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagT
+  //!   **[inferred]** The flag type (must be an integer type)
+  //!
+  //! @tparam FlagOp
+  //!   **[inferred]** Binary predicate functor type having member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b)` or member
+  //!   `T operator()(const T &a, const T &b, unsigned int b_index)`, and returning `true`
+  //!   if a discontinuity exists between `a` and `b`, otherwise `false`. `b_index` is the rank
+  //!   of `b` in the aggregate tile of data.
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] head_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity head_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] tile_predecessor_item
+  //!   @rst
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`0` only item with which to compare the first tile item (``input[0]`` from *thread*\ :sub:`0`).
+  //!   @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[out] tail_flags
+  //!   Calling thread's discontinuity tail_flags
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] tile_successor_item
+  //!   @rst
+  //!   *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1` only item with which to compare the last tile item
+  //!   (``input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1]`` from *thread*\ :sub:`BLOCK_THREADS - 1`).
+  //!   @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] input
+  //!   Calling thread's input items
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] flag_op
+  //!   Binary boolean flag predicate
+  template <int ITEMS_PER_THREAD, typename FlagT, typename FlagOp>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void FlagHeadsAndTails(
+    FlagT (&head_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T tile_predecessor_item,
+    FlagT (&tail_flags)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    T tile_successor_item,
+    T (&input)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    FlagOp flag_op)
+  {
+    // Share first and last items
+    temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid] = input[0];
+    temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid]  = input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1];
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    T preds[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    // Set flag for first thread-item
+    preds[0] = (linear_tid == 0) ? tile_predecessor_item : // First thread
+                 temp_storage.last_items[linear_tid - 1];
+
+    head_flags[0] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(flag_op, preds[0], input[0], linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set flag for last thread-item
+    T successor_item = (linear_tid == BLOCK_THREADS - 1) ? tile_successor_item : // Last thread
+                         temp_storage.first_items[linear_tid + 1];
+
+    tail_flags[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1] = ApplyOp<FlagOp>::FlagT(
+      flag_op, input[ITEMS_PER_THREAD - 1], successor_item, (linear_tid * ITEMS_PER_THREAD) + ITEMS_PER_THREAD);
+
+    // Set head_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagHeads(linear_tid, head_flags, input, preds, flag_op);
+
+    // Set tail_flags for remaining items
+    Iterate::FlagTails(linear_tid, tail_flags, input, flag_op);
+  }
+
+  //! @} end member group
+};
+
+CUB_NAMESPACE_END