cirq-core 1.6.0.dev20250520054601__py3-none-any.whl → 1.6.0.dev20250520183459__py3-none-any.whl

cirq/ops/mixed_unitary_channel.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, FrozenSet, Iterable, Mapping, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Mapping, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ class MixedUnitaryChannel(raw_types.Gate):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        mixture: Iterable[Tuple[float, np.ndarray]],
-        key: Union[str, cirq.MeasurementKey, None] = None,
+        mixture: Iterable[tuple[float, np.ndarray]],
+        key: str | cirq.MeasurementKey | None = None,
         validate: bool = False,
     ):
         mixture = list(mixture)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class MixedUnitaryChannel(raw_types.Gate):
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_mixture(
-        mixture: protocols.SupportsMixture, key: Union[str, cirq.MeasurementKey, None] = None
+        mixture: protocols.SupportsMixture, key: str | cirq.MeasurementKey | None = None
     ):
         """Creates a copy of a mixture with the given measurement key."""
         return MixedUnitaryChannel(mixture=list(protocols.mixture(mixture)), key=key)
@@ -100,18 +100,18 @@ class MixedUnitaryChannel(raw_types.Gate):
             return self
         return MixedUnitaryChannel(mixture=self._mixture, key=key_map[str(self._key)])
 
-    def _with_key_path_(self, path: Tuple[str, ...]):
+    def _with_key_path_(self, path: tuple[str, ...]):
         return MixedUnitaryChannel(
             mixture=self._mixture, key=protocols.with_key_path(self._key, path)
         )
 
-    def _with_key_path_prefix_(self, prefix: Tuple[str, ...]):
+    def _with_key_path_prefix_(self, prefix: tuple[str, ...]):
         return MixedUnitaryChannel(
             mixture=self._mixture, key=protocols.with_key_path_prefix(self._key, prefix)
         )
 
     def _with_rescoped_keys_(
-        self, path: Tuple[str, ...], bindable_keys: FrozenSet[cirq.MeasurementKey]
+        self, path: tuple[str, ...], bindable_keys: frozenset[cirq.MeasurementKey]
     ):
         return MixedUnitaryChannel(
             mixture=self._mixture, key=protocols.with_rescoped_keys(self._key, path, bindable_keys)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class MixedUnitaryChannel(raw_types.Gate):
             args.append(f'key=\'{self._key}\'')
         return f'cirq.MixedUnitaryChannel({", ".join(args)})'
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return protocols.obj_to_dict_helper(self, ['_mixture', '_key'])
 
     @classmethod

cirq/ops/named_qubit.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import functools
 import weakref
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from cirq import protocols
 from cirq.ops import raw_types
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ class _BaseNamedQid(raw_types.Qid):
 
     _name: str
     _dimension: int
-    _comp_key: Optional[str] = None
-    _hash: Optional[int] = None
+    _comp_key: str | None = None
+    _hash: int | None = None
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         if self._hash is None:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class NamedQid(_BaseNamedQid):
 
     # Cache of existing NamedQid instances, returned by __new__ if available.
     # Holds weak references so instances can still be garbage collected.
-    _cache = weakref.WeakValueDictionary[Tuple[str, int], 'cirq.NamedQid']()
+    _cache = weakref.WeakValueDictionary[tuple[str, int], 'cirq.NamedQid']()
 
     def __new__(cls, name: str, dimension: int) -> cirq.NamedQid:
         """Initializes a `NamedQid` with a given name and dimension.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class NamedQid(_BaseNamedQid):
         return (self._name, self._dimension)
 
     # avoid pickling the _hash value, attributes are already stored with __getnewargs__
-    def __getstate__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {}
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class NamedQid(_BaseNamedQid):
         return f'{self._name} (d={self._dimension})'
 
     @staticmethod
-    def range(*args, prefix: str, dimension: int) -> List[NamedQid]:
+    def range(*args, prefix: str, dimension: int) -> list[NamedQid]:
         """Returns a range of ``NamedQid``\\s.
 
         The range returned starts with the prefix, and followed by a qid for
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class NamedQid(_BaseNamedQid):
         """
         return [NamedQid(f"{prefix}{i}", dimension=dimension) for i in range(*args)]
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return protocols.obj_to_dict_helper(self, ['name', 'dimension'])
 
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class NamedQubit(_BaseNamedQid):
         return (self._name,)
 
     # avoid pickling the _hash value, attributes are already stored with __getnewargs__
-    def __getstate__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {}
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class NamedQubit(_BaseNamedQid):
         return f'cirq.NamedQubit({self._name!r})'
 
     @staticmethod
-    def range(*args, prefix: str) -> List[NamedQubit]:
+    def range(*args, prefix: str) -> list[NamedQubit]:
         r"""Returns a range of `cirq.NamedQubit`s.
 
         The range returned starts with the prefix, and followed by a qubit for
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class NamedQubit(_BaseNamedQid):
         """
         return [NamedQubit(f"{prefix}{i}") for i in range(*args)]
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return protocols.obj_to_dict_helper(self, ['name'])
 
 

cirq/ops/op_tree.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, NoReturn, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, NoReturn, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from cirq._doc import document
 from cirq._import import LazyLoader
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 moment = LazyLoader("moment", globals(), "cirq.circuits.moment")
 
 
-OP_TREE = Union[Operation, Iterable['OP_TREE']]
+OP_TREE = Operation | Iterable['OP_TREE']
 document(
     OP_TREE,
     """An operation or nested collections of operations.
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ document(
     `cirq.OP_TREE` argument:
 
     - A single operation (a `cirq.Operation`).
-    - A list of operations (a `List[cirq.Operation]`).
-    - A list of lists of operations (a `List[List[cirq.Operation]]`).
+    - A list of operations (a `list[cirq.Operation]`).
+    - A list of lists of operations (a `list[list[cirq.Operation]]`).
     - A list mixing operations and generators of operations
-        (a `List[Union[cirq.Operation, Iterator[cirq.Operation]]]`).
+        (a `list[Union[cirq.Operation, Iterator[cirq.Operation]]]`).
     - Generally anything that can be iterated, and its items iterated, and
         so forth recursively until a bottom layer of operations is found.
     """,
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ document(
 
 def flatten_op_tree(
     root: OP_TREE, preserve_moments: bool = False
-) -> Iterator[Union[Operation, cirq.Moment]]:
+) -> Iterator[Operation | cirq.Moment]:
     """Performs an in-order iteration of the operations (leaves) in an OP_TREE.
 
     Args:
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def flatten_to_ops(root: OP_TREE) -> Iterator[Operation]:
         _bad_op_tree(root)
 
 
-def flatten_to_ops_or_moments(root: OP_TREE) -> Iterator[Union[Operation, cirq.Moment]]:
+def flatten_to_ops_or_moments(root: OP_TREE) -> Iterator[Operation | cirq.Moment]:
     """Performs an in-order iteration OP_TREE, yielding ops and moments.
 
     Args:

cirq/ops/parallel_gate.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from types import NotImplementedType
-from typing import AbstractSet, Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import AbstractSet, Any, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class ParallelGate(raw_types.Gate):
     def num_copies(self) -> int:
         return self._num_copies
 
-    def _decompose_(self, qubits: Tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]) -> DecomposeResult:
+    def _decompose_(self, qubits: tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]) -> DecomposeResult:
         if len(qubits) != self.num_qubits():
             raise ValueError(f"len(qubits)={len(qubits)} should be {self.num_qubits()}")
         step = self.sub_gate.num_qubits()
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ParallelGate(raw_types.Gate):
             sub_gate=protocols.resolve_parameters(self.sub_gate, resolver, recursive)
         )
 
-    def _unitary_(self) -> Union[np.ndarray, NotImplementedType]:
+    def _unitary_(self) -> np.ndarray | NotImplementedType:
         # Obtain the unitary for the single qubit gate
         single_unitary = protocols.unitary(self.sub_gate, NotImplemented)
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class ParallelGate(raw_types.Gate):
 
         return unitary
 
-    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> Optional[float]:
+    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> float | None:
         if protocols.is_parameterized(self.sub_gate):
             return None
         angle = self._num_copies * np.arcsin(protocols.trace_distance_bound(self.sub_gate))
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class ParallelGate(raw_types.Gate):
             return NotImplemented
         return self.with_gate(new_gate)
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return protocols.obj_to_dict_helper(self, attribute_names=["sub_gate", "num_copies"])
 
 

cirq/ops/parity_gates.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterator, Sequence, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import numpy as np
 from typing_extensions import Self
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class XXPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _num_qubits_(self) -> int:
         return 2
 
-    def _eigen_components(self) -> List[Tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
+    def _eigen_components(self) -> list[tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
         return [
             (
                 0.0,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class XXPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _eigen_shifts(self):
         return [0, 1]
 
-    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> Optional[float]:
+    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> float | None:
         if self._is_parameterized_():
             return None
         return abs(np.sin(self._exponent * 0.5 * np.pi))
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ class XXPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _has_stabilizer_effect_(self) -> bool:
         return self.exponent % 2 in (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5)
 
-    def _decompose_(self, qubits: Tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]) -> Iterator[cirq.OP_TREE]:
+    def _decompose_(self, qubits: tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]) -> Iterator[cirq.OP_TREE]:
         yield common_gates.YPowGate(exponent=-0.5).on_each(*qubits)
         yield ZZPowGate(exponent=self.exponent, global_shift=self.global_shift)(*qubits)
         yield common_gates.YPowGate(exponent=0.5).on_each(*qubits)
 
     def _circuit_diagram_info_(
         self, args: cirq.CircuitDiagramInfoArgs
-    ) -> Union[str, protocols.CircuitDiagramInfo]:
+    ) -> str | protocols.CircuitDiagramInfo:
         return protocols.CircuitDiagramInfo(
             wire_symbols=('XX', 'XX'), exponent=self._diagram_exponent(args)
         )
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class YYPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _num_qubits_(self) -> int:
         return 2
 
-    def _eigen_components(self) -> List[Tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
+    def _eigen_components(self) -> list[tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
         return [
             (
                 0.0,
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class YYPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _eigen_shifts(self):
         return [0, 1]
 
-    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> Optional[float]:
+    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> float | None:
         if self._is_parameterized_():
             return None
         return abs(np.sin(self._exponent * 0.5 * np.pi))
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class YYPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _has_stabilizer_effect_(self) -> bool:
         return self.exponent % 2 in (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5)
 
-    def _decompose_(self, qubits: Tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]) -> Iterator[cirq.OP_TREE]:
+    def _decompose_(self, qubits: tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]) -> Iterator[cirq.OP_TREE]:
         yield common_gates.XPowGate(exponent=0.5).on_each(*qubits)
         yield ZZPowGate(exponent=self.exponent, global_shift=self.global_shift)(*qubits)
         yield common_gates.XPowGate(exponent=-0.5).on_each(*qubits)
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class ZZPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
 
     def _decompose_into_clifford_with_qubits_(
         self, qubits: Sequence[cirq.Qid]
-    ) -> Sequence[Union[cirq.Operation, Sequence[cirq.Operation]]]:
+    ) -> Sequence[cirq.Operation | Sequence[cirq.Operation]]:
         if not self._has_stabilizer_effect_():
             return NotImplemented
         if self.exponent % 2 == 0:
@@ -308,13 +308,13 @@ class ZZPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
     def _has_stabilizer_effect_(self) -> bool:
         return self.exponent % 2 in (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5)
 
-    def _eigen_components(self) -> List[Tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
+    def _eigen_components(self) -> list[tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
         return [(0, np.diag([1, 0, 0, 1])), (1, np.diag([0, 1, 1, 0]))]
 
     def _eigen_shifts(self):
         return [0, 1]
 
-    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> Optional[float]:
+    def _trace_distance_bound_(self) -> float | None:
         if self._is_parameterized_():
             return None
         return abs(np.sin(self._exponent * 0.5 * np.pi))
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class ZZPowGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.EigenGate):
             wire_symbols=('ZZ', 'ZZ'), exponent=self._diagram_exponent(args)
         )
 
-    def _apply_unitary_(self, args: protocols.ApplyUnitaryArgs) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
+    def _apply_unitary_(self, args: protocols.ApplyUnitaryArgs) -> np.ndarray | None:
         if protocols.is_parameterized(self):
             return None
 
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ class MSGate(XXPowGate):
 
     def _circuit_diagram_info_(
         self, args: cirq.CircuitDiagramInfoArgs
-    ) -> Union[str, protocols.CircuitDiagramInfo]:
+    ) -> str | protocols.CircuitDiagramInfo:
         angle_str = self._format_exponent_as_angle(args, order=4)
         symbol = f'MS({angle_str})'
         return protocols.CircuitDiagramInfo(wire_symbols=(symbol, symbol))
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ class MSGate(XXPowGate):
     def _json_namespace_(cls) -> str:
         return 'cirq'
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return protocols.obj_to_dict_helper(self, ["rads"])
 
     @classmethod

cirq/ops/pauli_gates.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import abc
 from types import NotImplementedType
-from typing import Any, cast, Dict, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import Any, cast, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from cirq._doc import document
 from cirq._import import LazyLoader
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Pauli(raw_types.Gate, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     of private subclasses are the X, Y, or Z Pauli gates defined below.
     """
 
-    _XYZ: Tuple[Pauli, Pauli, Pauli]
+    _XYZ: tuple[Pauli, Pauli, Pauli]
 
     @staticmethod
     def by_index(index: int) -> Pauli:
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@ class Pauli(raw_types.Gate, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def num_qubits(self):
         return 1
 
-    def _commutes_(
-        self, other: Any, *, atol: float = 1e-8
-    ) -> Union[bool, NotImplementedType, None]:
+    def _commutes_(self, other: Any, *, atol: float = 1e-8) -> bool | NotImplementedType | None:
         if not isinstance(other, Pauli):
             return NotImplemented
         return self is other
@@ -74,8 +72,8 @@ class Pauli(raw_types.Gate, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         return (self._index - second._index + 1) % 3 - 1
 
     def phased_pauli_product(
-        self, other: Union[cirq.Pauli, identity.IdentityGate]
-    ) -> Tuple[complex, Union[cirq.Pauli, identity.IdentityGate]]:
+        self, other: cirq.Pauli | identity.IdentityGate
+    ) -> tuple[complex, cirq.Pauli | identity.IdentityGate]:
         if self == other:
             return 1, identity.I
         if other is identity.I:
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ class _PauliX(Pauli, common_gates.XPowGate):
         return Pauli._XYZ[0]
 
     @property
-    def basis(self) -> Dict[int, _XEigenState]:
+    def basis(self) -> dict[int, _XEigenState]:
         from cirq.value.product_state import _XEigenState
 
         return {+1: _XEigenState(+1), -1: _XEigenState(-1)}
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ class _PauliY(Pauli, common_gates.YPowGate):
         return Pauli._XYZ[1]
 
     @property
-    def basis(self) -> Dict[int, _YEigenState]:
+    def basis(self) -> dict[int, _YEigenState]:
         from cirq.value.product_state import _YEigenState
 
         return {+1: _YEigenState(+1), -1: _YEigenState(-1)}
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ class _PauliZ(Pauli, common_gates.ZPowGate):
         return Pauli._XYZ[2]
 
     @property
-    def basis(self) -> Dict[int, _ZEigenState]:
+    def basis(self) -> dict[int, _ZEigenState]:
         from cirq.value.product_state import _ZEigenState
 
         return {+1: _ZEigenState(+1), -1: _ZEigenState(-1)}

cirq/ops/pauli_interaction_gate.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, Iterator, Sequence, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from cirq.ops.clifford_gate import SingleQubitCliffordGate
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import cirq
 
-PAULI_EIGEN_MAP: Dict[pauli_gates.Pauli, Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]] = {
+PAULI_EIGEN_MAP: dict[pauli_gates.Pauli, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]] = {
     pauli_gates.X: (np.array([[0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5]]), np.array([[0.5, -0.5], [-0.5, 0.5]])),
     pauli_gates.Y: (np.array([[0.5, -0.5j], [0.5j, 0.5]]), np.array([[0.5, 0.5j], [-0.5j, 0.5]])),
     pauli_gates.Z: (np.diag([1, 0]), np.diag([0, 1])),
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ class PauliInteractionGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.E
             self.pauli0, self.invert0, self.pauli1, self.invert1, exponent=exponent
         )
 
-    def _eigen_shifts(self) -> List[float]:
+    def _eigen_shifts(self) -> list[float]:
         return [0.0, 1.0]
 
-    def _eigen_components(self) -> List[Tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
+    def _eigen_components(self) -> list[tuple[float, np.ndarray]]:
         comp1 = np.kron(
             PAULI_EIGEN_MAP[self.pauli0][not self.invert0],
             PAULI_EIGEN_MAP[self.pauli1][not self.invert1],
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class PauliInteractionGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.E
         yield right_gate1(q1)
 
     def _circuit_diagram_info_(self, args: cirq.CircuitDiagramInfoArgs) -> cirq.CircuitDiagramInfo:
-        labels: Dict[cirq.Pauli, str] = {pauli_gates.X: 'X', pauli_gates.Y: 'Y', pauli_gates.Z: '@'}
+        labels: dict[cirq.Pauli, str] = {pauli_gates.X: 'X', pauli_gates.Y: 'Y', pauli_gates.Z: '@'}
         l0 = labels[self.pauli0]
         l1 = labels[self.pauli1]
         # Add brackets around letter if inverted
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class PauliInteractionGate(gate_features.InterchangeableQubitsGate, eigen_gate.E
             return base
         return f'({base}**{proper_repr(self._exponent)})'
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return protocols.obj_to_dict_helper(self, ["pauli0", "invert0", "pauli1", "invert1"])
 
 

cirq/ops/pauli_measurement_gate.py

@@ -14,19 +14,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    cast,
-    Dict,
-    FrozenSet,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    Mapping,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import Any, cast, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Sequence, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from cirq import protocols, value
 from cirq.ops import (
@@ -52,8 +40,8 @@ class PauliMeasurementGate(raw_types.Gate):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        observable: Union[cirq.BaseDensePauliString, Iterable[cirq.Pauli]],
-        key: Union[str, cirq.MeasurementKey] = '',
+        observable: cirq.BaseDensePauliString | Iterable[cirq.Pauli],
+        key: str | cirq.MeasurementKey = '',
     ) -> None:
         """Inits PauliMeasurementGate.
 
@@ -94,26 +82,26 @@ class PauliMeasurementGate(raw_types.Gate):
     def mkey(self) -> cirq.MeasurementKey:
         return self._mkey
 
-    def _qid_shape_(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    def _qid_shape_(self) -> tuple[int, ...]:
         return (2,) * len(self._observable)
 
     def _has_unitary_(self) -> bool:
         return False
 
-    def with_key(self, key: Union[str, cirq.MeasurementKey]) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
+    def with_key(self, key: str | cirq.MeasurementKey) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
         """Creates a pauli measurement gate with a new key but otherwise identical."""
         if key == self.key:
             return self
         return PauliMeasurementGate(self._observable, key=key)
 
-    def _with_key_path_(self, path: Tuple[str, ...]) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
+    def _with_key_path_(self, path: tuple[str, ...]) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
         return self.with_key(self.mkey._with_key_path_(path))
 
-    def _with_key_path_prefix_(self, prefix: Tuple[str, ...]) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
+    def _with_key_path_prefix_(self, prefix: tuple[str, ...]) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
         return self.with_key(self.mkey._with_key_path_prefix_(prefix))
 
     def _with_rescoped_keys_(
-        self, path: Tuple[str, ...], bindable_keys: FrozenSet[cirq.MeasurementKey]
+        self, path: tuple[str, ...], bindable_keys: frozenset[cirq.MeasurementKey]
     ) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
         return self.with_key(protocols.with_rescoped_keys(self.mkey, path, bindable_keys))
 
@@ -121,7 +109,7 @@ class PauliMeasurementGate(raw_types.Gate):
         return self.with_key(protocols.with_measurement_key_mapping(self.mkey, key_map))
 
     def with_observable(
-        self, observable: Union[cirq.BaseDensePauliString, Iterable[cirq.Pauli]]
+        self, observable: cirq.BaseDensePauliString | Iterable[cirq.Pauli]
     ) -> PauliMeasurementGate:
         """Creates a pauli measurement gate with the new observable and same key."""
         if (
@@ -146,7 +134,7 @@ class PauliMeasurementGate(raw_types.Gate):
         return self._observable
 
     def _decompose_(
-        self, qubits: Tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]
+        self, qubits: tuple[cirq.Qid, ...]
     ) -> Iterator[protocols.decompose_protocol.DecomposeResult]:
         any_qubit = qubits[0]
         to_z_ops = op_tree.freeze_op_tree(self._observable.on(*qubits).to_z_basis_ops())
@@ -189,7 +177,7 @@ class PauliMeasurementGate(raw_types.Gate):
     def _value_equality_values_(self) -> Any:
         return self.key, self._observable
 
-    def _json_dict_(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _json_dict_(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return {'observable': self._observable, 'key': self.key}
 
     @classmethod