chia-blockchain 2.5.1rc1__py3-none-any.whl

chia/consensus/blockchain.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1087 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import dataclasses
+import enum
+import logging
+import traceback
+from concurrent.futures import Executor, ThreadPoolExecutor
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar, Optional, cast
+
+from chia_rs import additions_and_removals, get_flags_for_height_and_constants
+
+from chia.consensus.block_body_validation import ForkInfo, validate_block_body
+from chia.consensus.block_header_validation import validate_unfinished_header_block
+from chia.consensus.block_record import BlockRecord
+from chia.consensus.constants import ConsensusConstants
+from chia.consensus.cost_calculator import NPCResult
+from chia.consensus.difficulty_adjustment import get_next_sub_slot_iters_and_difficulty
+from chia.consensus.find_fork_point import lookup_fork_chain
+from chia.consensus.full_block_to_block_record import block_to_block_record
+from chia.consensus.get_block_generator import get_block_generator
+from chia.consensus.multiprocess_validation import PreValidationResult
+from chia.full_node.block_height_map import BlockHeightMap
+from chia.full_node.block_store import BlockStore
+from chia.full_node.coin_store import CoinStore
+from chia.types.blockchain_format.coin import Coin
+from chia.types.blockchain_format.sized_bytes import bytes32
+from chia.types.blockchain_format.sub_epoch_summary import SubEpochSummary
+from chia.types.blockchain_format.vdf import VDFInfo
+from chia.types.coin_record import CoinRecord
+from chia.types.end_of_slot_bundle import EndOfSubSlotBundle
+from chia.types.full_block import FullBlock
+from chia.types.generator_types import BlockGenerator
+from chia.types.header_block import HeaderBlock
+from chia.types.unfinished_block import UnfinishedBlock
+from chia.types.unfinished_header_block import UnfinishedHeaderBlock
+from chia.types.validation_state import ValidationState
+from chia.types.weight_proof import SubEpochChallengeSegment
+from chia.util.cpu import available_logical_cores
+from chia.util.errors import Err
+from chia.util.generator_tools import get_block_header
+from chia.util.hash import std_hash
+from chia.util.inline_executor import InlineExecutor
+from chia.util.ints import uint16, uint32, uint64, uint128
+from chia.util.priority_mutex import PriorityMutex
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class AddBlockResult(Enum):
+    """
+    When Blockchain.add_block(b) is called, one of these results is returned,
+    showing whether the block was added to the chain (extending the peak),
+    and if not, why it was not added.
+    """
+
+    NEW_PEAK = 1  # Added to the peak of the blockchain
+    ADDED_AS_ORPHAN = 2  # Added as an orphan/stale block (not a new peak of the chain)
+    INVALID_BLOCK = 3  # Block was not added because it was invalid
+    ALREADY_HAVE_BLOCK = 4  # Block is already present in this blockchain
+    DISCONNECTED_BLOCK = 5  # Block's parent (previous pointer) is not in this blockchain
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class StateChangeSummary:
+    peak: BlockRecord
+    fork_height: uint32
+    rolled_back_records: list[CoinRecord]
+    # list of coin-id, puzzle-hash pairs
+    removals: list[tuple[bytes32, bytes32]]
+    # new coin and hint
+    additions: list[tuple[Coin, Optional[bytes]]]
+    new_rewards: list[Coin]
+
+
+class BlockchainMutexPriority(enum.IntEnum):
+    # lower values are higher priority
+    low = 1
+    high = 0
+
+
+# implements BlockchainInterface
+class Blockchain:
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from chia.consensus.blockchain_interface import BlockchainInterface
+
+        _protocol_check: ClassVar[BlockchainInterface] = cast("Blockchain", None)
+
+    constants: ConsensusConstants
+
+    # peak of the blockchain
+    _peak_height: Optional[uint32]
+    # All blocks in peak path are guaranteed to be included, can include orphan blocks
+    __block_records: dict[bytes32, BlockRecord]
+    # all hashes of blocks in block_record by height, used for garbage collection
+    __heights_in_cache: dict[uint32, set[bytes32]]
+    # maps block height (of the current heaviest chain) to block hash and sub
+    # epoch summaries
+    __height_map: BlockHeightMap
+    # Unspent Store
+    coin_store: CoinStore
+    # Store
+    block_store: BlockStore
+    # Used to verify blocks in parallel
+    pool: Executor
+    # Set holding seen compact proofs, in order to avoid duplicates.
+    _seen_compact_proofs: set[tuple[VDFInfo, uint32]]
+
+    # Whether blockchain is shut down or not
+    _shut_down: bool
+
+    # Lock to prevent simultaneous reads and writes
+    priority_mutex: PriorityMutex[BlockchainMutexPriority]
+    compact_proof_lock: asyncio.Lock
+
+    _log_coins: bool
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create(
+        coin_store: CoinStore,
+        block_store: BlockStore,
+        consensus_constants: ConsensusConstants,
+        blockchain_dir: Path,
+        reserved_cores: int,
+        *,
+        single_threaded: bool = False,
+        log_coins: bool = False,
+    ) -> Blockchain:
+        """
+        Initializes a blockchain with the BlockRecords from disk, assuming they have all been
+        validated. Uses the genesis block given in override_constants, or as a fallback,
+        in the consensus constants config.
+        """
+        self = Blockchain()
+        self._log_coins = log_coins
+        # Blocks are validated under high priority, and transactions under low priority. This guarantees blocks will
+        # be validated first.
+        self.priority_mutex = PriorityMutex.create(priority_type=BlockchainMutexPriority)
+        self.compact_proof_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        if single_threaded:
+            self.pool = InlineExecutor()
+        else:
+            cpu_count = available_logical_cores()
+            num_workers = max(cpu_count - reserved_cores, 1)
+            self.pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(
+                max_workers=num_workers,
+            )
+            log.info(f"Started {num_workers} processes for block validation")
+
+        self.constants = consensus_constants
+        self.coin_store = coin_store
+        self.block_store = block_store
+        self._shut_down = False
+        await self._load_chain_from_store(blockchain_dir)
+        self._seen_compact_proofs = set()
+        return self
+
+    def shut_down(self) -> None:
+        self._shut_down = True
+        self.pool.shutdown(wait=True)
+
+    async def _load_chain_from_store(self, blockchain_dir: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Initializes the state of the Blockchain class from the database.
+        """
+        self.__height_map = await BlockHeightMap.create(blockchain_dir, self.block_store.db_wrapper)
+        self.__block_records = {}
+        self.__heights_in_cache = {}
+        block_records, peak = await self.block_store.get_block_records_close_to_peak(self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE)
+        for block in block_records.values():
+            self.add_block_record(block)
+
+        if len(block_records) == 0:
+            assert peak is None
+            self._peak_height = None
+            return
+
+        assert peak is not None
+        self._peak_height = self.block_record(peak).height
+        assert self.__height_map.contains_height(self._peak_height)
+        assert not self.__height_map.contains_height(uint32(self._peak_height + 1))
+
+    def get_peak(self) -> Optional[BlockRecord]:
+        """
+        Return the peak of the blockchain
+        """
+        if self._peak_height is None:
+            return None
+        return self.height_to_block_record(self._peak_height)
+
+    def get_tx_peak(self) -> Optional[BlockRecord]:
+        """
+        Return the most recent transaction block. i.e. closest to the peak of the blockchain
+        Requires the blockchain to be initialized and there to be a peak set
+        """
+
+        if self._peak_height is None:
+            return None
+        tx_height = self._peak_height
+        tx_peak = self.height_to_block_record(tx_height)
+        while not tx_peak.is_transaction_block:
+            # it seems BlockTools only produce chains where the first block is a
+            # transaction block, which makes it hard to test this case
+            if tx_height == 0:  # pragma: no cover
+                return None
+            tx_height = uint32(tx_height - 1)
+            tx_peak = self.height_to_block_record(tx_height)
+
+        return tx_peak
+
+    async def get_full_peak(self) -> Optional[FullBlock]:
+        if self._peak_height is None:
+            return None
+        """ Return list of FullBlocks that are peaks"""
+        peak_hash: Optional[bytes32] = self.height_to_hash(self._peak_height)
+        assert peak_hash is not None  # Since we must have the peak block
+        block = await self.block_store.get_full_block(peak_hash)
+        assert block is not None
+        return block
+
+    async def get_full_block(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> Optional[FullBlock]:
+        return await self.block_store.get_full_block(header_hash)
+
+    async def advance_fork_info(self, block: FullBlock, fork_info: ForkInfo) -> None:
+        """
+        This function is used to advance the peak_height of fork_info given the
+        full block extending the chain. block is required to be the next block on
+        top of fork_info.peak_height. If the block is part of the main chain,
+        the fork_height will set to the same as the peak, making the fork_info
+        represent an empty fork chain.
+        If the block is part of a fork, we need to compute the additions and
+        removals, to update the fork_info object. This is an expensive operation.
+        """
+
+        assert fork_info.peak_height <= block.height - 1
+        assert fork_info.peak_hash != block.header_hash
+
+        if fork_info.peak_hash == block.prev_header_hash:
+            assert fork_info.peak_height == block.height - 1
+            return
+
+        # note that we're not technically finding a fork here, we just traverse
+        # from the current block down to the fork's current peak
+        chain, peak_hash = await lookup_fork_chain(
+            self,
+            (fork_info.peak_height, fork_info.peak_hash),
+            (block.height - 1, block.prev_header_hash),
+            self.constants,
+        )
+        # the ForkInfo object is expected to be valid, just having its peak
+        # behind the current block
+        assert peak_hash == fork_info.peak_hash
+        assert len(chain) == block.height - fork_info.peak_height - 1
+
+        for height in range(fork_info.peak_height + 1, block.height):
+            fork_block: Optional[FullBlock] = await self.block_store.get_full_block(chain[uint32(height)])
+            assert fork_block is not None
+            await self.run_single_block(fork_block, fork_info)
+
+    async def run_single_block(self, block: FullBlock, fork_info: ForkInfo) -> None:
+        assert fork_info.peak_height == block.height - 1
+        assert block.height == 0 or fork_info.peak_hash == block.prev_header_hash
+
+        additions: list[tuple[Coin, Optional[bytes]]] = []
+        removals: list[Coin] = []
+        if block.transactions_generator is not None:
+            block_generator: Optional[BlockGenerator] = await get_block_generator(self.lookup_block_generators, block)
+            assert block_generator is not None
+            assert block.transactions_info is not None
+            assert block.foliage_transaction_block is not None
+            flags = get_flags_for_height_and_constants(block.height, self.constants)
+            additions, removals = additions_and_removals(
+                bytes(block.transactions_generator),
+                block_generator.generator_refs,
+                flags,
+                self.constants,
+            )
+
+        fork_info.include_block(additions, removals, block, block.header_hash)
+
+    async def add_block(
+        self,
+        block: FullBlock,
+        pre_validation_result: PreValidationResult,
+        sub_slot_iters: uint64,
+        fork_info: ForkInfo,
+        prev_ses_block: Optional[BlockRecord] = None,
+        block_record: Optional[BlockRecord] = None,
+    ) -> tuple[AddBlockResult, Optional[Err], Optional[StateChangeSummary]]:
+        """
+        This method must be called under the blockchain lock
+        Adds a new block into the blockchain, if it's valid and connected to the current
+        blockchain, regardless of whether it is the child of a head, or another block.
+        Returns a header if block is added to head. Returns an error if the block is
+        invalid. Also returns the fork height, in the case of a new peak.
+
+        Args:
+            block: The FullBlock to be validated.
+            pre_validation_result: A result of successful pre validation
+            fork_info: Information about the fork chain this block is part of,
+               to make validation more efficient. This is an in-out parameter.
+
+        Returns:
+            The result of adding the block to the blockchain (NEW_PEAK, ADDED_AS_ORPHAN, INVALID_BLOCK,
+                DISCONNECTED_BLOCK, ALREDY_HAVE_BLOCK)
+            An optional error if the result is not NEW_PEAK or ADDED_AS_ORPHAN
+            A StateChangeSummary iff NEW_PEAK, with:
+                - A fork point if the result is NEW_PEAK
+                - A list of coin changes as a result of rollback
+                - A list of NPCResult for any new transaction block added to the chain
+        """
+
+        if block.height == 0 and block.prev_header_hash != self.constants.GENESIS_CHALLENGE:
+            return AddBlockResult.INVALID_BLOCK, Err.INVALID_PREV_BLOCK_HASH, None
+
+        peak = self.get_peak()
+        genesis: bool = block.height == 0
+        extending_main_chain: bool = genesis or peak is None or (block.prev_header_hash == peak.header_hash)
+
+        # first check if this block is disconnected from the currently known
+        # blocks. We can only accept blocks that are connected to another block
+        # we know of.
+        prev_block: Optional[BlockRecord] = None
+        if not extending_main_chain and not genesis:
+            prev_block = self.try_block_record(block.prev_header_hash)
+            if prev_block is None:
+                return AddBlockResult.DISCONNECTED_BLOCK, Err.INVALID_PREV_BLOCK_HASH, None
+
+            if prev_block.height + 1 != block.height:
+                return AddBlockResult.INVALID_BLOCK, Err.INVALID_HEIGHT, None
+
+        required_iters = pre_validation_result.required_iters
+        if pre_validation_result.error is not None:
+            return AddBlockResult.INVALID_BLOCK, Err(pre_validation_result.error), None
+        assert required_iters is not None
+
+        header_hash: bytes32 = block.header_hash
+
+        # passing in correct fork_info is critical for performing reorgs
+        # correctly, so we perform some validation of it here
+        assert block.height - 1 == fork_info.peak_height
+        assert len(fork_info.block_hashes) == fork_info.peak_height - fork_info.fork_height
+        if fork_info.peak_height == fork_info.fork_height:
+            # if fork_info is saying we're not on a fork, the previous block better
+            # be part of the main chain
+            assert block.prev_header_hash == fork_info.peak_hash
+            if fork_info.fork_height == -1:
+                assert fork_info.peak_hash == self.constants.GENESIS_CHALLENGE
+            else:
+                assert self.height_to_hash(uint32(fork_info.fork_height)) == block.prev_header_hash
+        else:
+            assert fork_info.peak_hash == block.prev_header_hash
+
+        if extending_main_chain:
+            fork_info.reset(block.height - 1, block.prev_header_hash)
+
+        # we dont consider block_record passed in here since it might be from
+        # a current sync process and not yet fully validated and commited to the DB
+        block_rec_from_db = await self.get_block_record_from_db(header_hash)
+        if block_rec_from_db is not None:
+            # We have already validated the block, but if it's not part of the
+            # main chain, we still need to re-run it to update the additions and
+            # removals in fork_info.
+            await self.advance_fork_info(block, fork_info)
+            fork_info.include_spends(pre_validation_result.conds, block, header_hash)
+            self.add_block_record(block_rec_from_db)
+            return AddBlockResult.ALREADY_HAVE_BLOCK, None, None
+
+        if fork_info.peak_hash != block.prev_header_hash:
+            await self.advance_fork_info(block, fork_info)
+
+        # if these prerequisites of the fork_info aren't met, the fork_info
+        # object is invalid for this block. If the caller would have passed in
+        # None, a valid fork_info would have been computed
+        assert fork_info.peak_height == block.height - 1
+        assert block.height == 0 or fork_info.peak_hash == block.prev_header_hash
+
+        assert block.transactions_generator is None or pre_validation_result.validated_signature
+        error_code = await validate_block_body(
+            self.constants,
+            self,
+            self.coin_store.get_coin_records,
+            block,
+            block.height,
+            pre_validation_result.conds,
+            fork_info,
+            log_coins=self._log_coins,
+        )
+        if error_code is not None:
+            return AddBlockResult.INVALID_BLOCK, error_code, None
+
+        # commit the additions and removals from this block into the ForkInfo, in
+        # case we're validating blocks on a fork, the next block validation will
+        # need to know of these additions and removals. Also, _reconsider_peak()
+        # will need these results
+        fork_info.include_spends(pre_validation_result.conds, block, header_hash)
+
+        # block_to_block_record() require the previous block in the cache
+        if not genesis and prev_block is not None:
+            self.add_block_record(prev_block)
+
+        if block_record is None:
+            block_record = block_to_block_record(
+                self.constants,
+                self,
+                required_iters,
+                block,
+                sub_slot_iters=sub_slot_iters,
+                prev_ses_block=prev_ses_block,
+            )
+
+        # in case we fail and need to restore the blockchain state, remember the
+        # peak height
+        previous_peak_height = self._peak_height
+        prev_fork_peak = (fork_info.peak_height, fork_info.peak_hash)
+
+        try:
+            # Always add the block to the database
+            async with self.block_store.db_wrapper.writer():
+                # Perform the DB operations to update the state, and rollback if something goes wrong
+                await self.block_store.add_full_block(header_hash, block, block_record)
+                records, state_change_summary = await self._reconsider_peak(block_record, genesis, fork_info)
+
+                # Then update the memory cache. It is important that this is not cancelled and does not throw
+                # This is done after all async/DB operations, so there is a decreased chance of failure.
+                self.add_block_record(block_record)
+
+            # there's a suspension point here, as we leave the async context
+            # manager
+
+            # make sure to update _peak_height after the transaction is committed,
+            # otherwise other tasks may go look for this block before it's available
+            if state_change_summary is not None:
+                self.__height_map.rollback(state_change_summary.fork_height)
+            for fetched_block_record in records:
+                self.__height_map.update_height(
+                    fetched_block_record.height,
+                    fetched_block_record.header_hash,
+                    fetched_block_record.sub_epoch_summary_included,
+                )
+
+            if state_change_summary is not None:
+                self._peak_height = block_record.height
+
+        except BaseException as e:
+            # depending on exactly when the failure of adding the block
+            # happened, we may not have added it to the block record cache
+            try:
+                self.remove_block_record(header_hash)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            # restore fork_info to the state before adding the block
+            fork_info.rollback(prev_fork_peak[1], prev_fork_peak[0])
+            self.block_store.rollback_cache_block(header_hash)
+            self._peak_height = previous_peak_height
+            log.error(
+                f"Error while adding block {header_hash} height {block.height},"
+                f" rolling back: {traceback.format_exc()} {e}"
+            )
+            raise
+
+        # This is done outside the try-except in case it fails, since we do not want to revert anything if it does
+        await self.__height_map.maybe_flush()
+
+        if state_change_summary is not None:
+            # new coin records added
+            return AddBlockResult.NEW_PEAK, None, state_change_summary
+        else:
+            return AddBlockResult.ADDED_AS_ORPHAN, None, None
+
+    # only to be called under short fork points
+    # under deep reorgs this can cause OOM
+    async def _reconsider_peak(
+        self,
+        block_record: BlockRecord,
+        genesis: bool,
+        fork_info: ForkInfo,
+    ) -> tuple[list[BlockRecord], Optional[StateChangeSummary]]:
+        """
+        When a new block is added, this is called, to check if the new block is the new peak of the chain.
+        This also handles reorgs by reverting blocks which are not in the heaviest chain.
+        It returns the summary of the applied changes, including the height of the fork between the previous chain
+        and the new chain, or returns None if there was no update to the heaviest chain.
+        """
+
+        peak = self.get_peak()
+        rolled_back_state: dict[bytes32, CoinRecord] = {}
+
+        if genesis and peak is not None:
+            return [], None
+
+        if peak is not None:
+            if block_record.weight < peak.weight:
+                # This is not a heavier block than the heaviest we have seen, so we don't change the coin set
+                return [], None
+            if block_record.weight == peak.weight and peak.total_iters <= block_record.total_iters:
+                # this is an equal weight block but our peak has lower iterations, so we dont change the coin set
+                return [], None
+            if block_record.weight == peak.weight:
+                log.info(
+                    f"block has equal weight as our peak ({peak.weight}), but fewer "
+                    f"total iterations {block_record.total_iters} "
+                    f"peak: {peak.total_iters} "
+                    f"peak-hash: {peak.header_hash}"
+                )
+
+            if block_record.prev_hash != peak.header_hash:
+                for coin_record in await self.coin_store.rollback_to_block(fork_info.fork_height):
+                    rolled_back_state[coin_record.name] = coin_record
+                if self._log_coins and len(rolled_back_state) > 0:
+                    log.info(f"rolled back {len(rolled_back_state)} coins, to fork height {fork_info.fork_height}")
+                    log.info(
+                        "removed: %s",
+                        ",".join(
+                            [
+                                name.hex()[0:6]
+                                for name, state in rolled_back_state.items()
+                                if state.confirmed_block_index == 0
+                            ]
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    log.info(
+                        "unspent: %s",
+                        ",".join(
+                            [
+                                name.hex()[0:6]
+                                for name, state in rolled_back_state.items()
+                                if state.confirmed_block_index != 0
+                            ]
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+        # Collects all blocks from fork point to new peak
+        records_to_add: list[BlockRecord] = []
+
+        if genesis:
+            records_to_add = [block_record]
+        elif fork_info.block_hashes == [block_record.header_hash]:
+            # in the common case, we just add a block on top of the chain. Check
+            # for that here to avoid an unnecessary database lookup.
+            records_to_add = [block_record]
+        else:
+            records_to_add = await self.block_store.get_block_records_by_hash(fork_info.block_hashes)
+
+        for fetched_block_record in records_to_add:
+            if not fetched_block_record.is_transaction_block:
+                # Coins are only created in TX blocks so there are no state updates for this block
+                continue
+
+            height = fetched_block_record.height
+            # We need to recompute the additions and removals, since they are
+            # not stored on DB. We have all the additions and removals in the
+            # fork_info object, we just need to pick the ones belonging to each
+            # individual block height
+
+            # Apply the coin store changes for each block that is now in the blockchain
+            included_reward_coins = [
+                fork_add.coin
+                for fork_add in fork_info.additions_since_fork.values()
+                if fork_add.confirmed_height == height and fork_add.is_coinbase
+            ]
+            tx_additions = [
+                fork_add.coin
+                for fork_add in fork_info.additions_since_fork.values()
+                if fork_add.confirmed_height == height and not fork_add.is_coinbase
+            ]
+            tx_removals = [
+                coin_id for coin_id, fork_rem in fork_info.removals_since_fork.items() if fork_rem.height == height
+            ]
+            assert fetched_block_record.timestamp is not None
+            await self.coin_store.new_block(
+                height,
+                fetched_block_record.timestamp,
+                included_reward_coins,
+                tx_additions,
+                tx_removals,
+            )
+            if self._log_coins and (len(tx_removals) > 0 or len(tx_additions) > 0):
+                log.info(
+                    f"adding new block to coin_store "
+                    f"(hh: {fetched_block_record.header_hash} "
+                    f"height: {fetched_block_record.height}), {len(tx_removals)} spends"
+                )
+                log.info("rewards: %s", ",".join([add.name().hex()[0:6] for add in included_reward_coins]))
+                log.info("additions: %s", ",".join([add.name().hex()[0:6] for add in tx_additions]))
+                log.info("removals: %s", ",".join([f"{rem}"[0:6] for rem in tx_removals]))
+
+        # we made it to the end successfully
+        # Rollback sub_epoch_summaries
+        await self.block_store.rollback(fork_info.fork_height)
+        await self.block_store.set_in_chain([(br.header_hash,) for br in records_to_add])
+
+        # Changes the peak to be the new peak
+        await self.block_store.set_peak(block_record.header_hash)
+
+        return records_to_add, StateChangeSummary(
+            block_record,
+            uint32(max(fork_info.fork_height, 0)),
+            list(rolled_back_state.values()),
+            [(coin_id, fork_rem.puzzle_hash) for coin_id, fork_rem in fork_info.removals_since_fork.items()],
+            [
+                (fork_add.coin, fork_add.hint)
+                for fork_add in fork_info.additions_since_fork.values()
+                if not fork_add.is_coinbase
+            ],
+            [fork_add.coin for fork_add in fork_info.additions_since_fork.values() if fork_add.is_coinbase],
+        )
+
+    def get_next_difficulty(self, header_hash: bytes32, new_slot: bool) -> uint64:
+        assert self.contains_block(header_hash)
+        curr = self.block_record(header_hash)
+        if curr.height <= 2:
+            return self.constants.DIFFICULTY_STARTING
+
+        return get_next_sub_slot_iters_and_difficulty(self.constants, new_slot, curr, self)[1]
+
+    def get_next_slot_iters(self, header_hash: bytes32, new_slot: bool) -> uint64:
+        assert self.contains_block(header_hash)
+        curr = self.block_record(header_hash)
+        if curr.height <= 2:
+            return self.constants.SUB_SLOT_ITERS_STARTING
+        return get_next_sub_slot_iters_and_difficulty(self.constants, new_slot, curr, self)[0]
+
+    async def get_sp_and_ip_sub_slots(
+        self, header_hash: bytes32
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[Optional[EndOfSubSlotBundle], Optional[EndOfSubSlotBundle]]]:
+        block: Optional[FullBlock] = await self.block_store.get_full_block(header_hash)
+        if block is None:
+            return None
+        curr_br: BlockRecord = self.block_record(block.header_hash)
+        is_overflow = curr_br.overflow
+
+        curr: Optional[FullBlock] = block
+        assert curr is not None
+        while True:
+            if curr_br.first_in_sub_slot:
+                curr = await self.block_store.get_full_block(curr_br.header_hash)
+                assert curr is not None
+                break
+            if curr_br.height == 0:
+                break
+            curr_br = self.block_record(curr_br.prev_hash)
+
+        if len(curr.finished_sub_slots) == 0:
+            # This means we got to genesis and still no sub-slots
+            return None, None
+
+        ip_sub_slot = curr.finished_sub_slots[-1]
+
+        if not is_overflow:
+            # Pos sub-slot is the same as infusion sub slot
+            return None, ip_sub_slot
+
+        if len(curr.finished_sub_slots) > 1:
+            # Have both sub-slots
+            return curr.finished_sub_slots[-2], ip_sub_slot
+
+        prev_curr: Optional[FullBlock] = await self.block_store.get_full_block(curr.prev_header_hash)
+        if prev_curr is None:
+            assert curr.height == 0
+            prev_curr = curr
+            prev_curr_br = self.block_record(curr.header_hash)
+        else:
+            prev_curr_br = self.block_record(curr.prev_header_hash)
+        assert prev_curr_br is not None
+        while prev_curr_br.height > 0:
+            if prev_curr_br.first_in_sub_slot:
+                prev_curr = await self.block_store.get_full_block(prev_curr_br.header_hash)
+                assert prev_curr is not None
+                break
+            prev_curr_br = self.block_record(prev_curr_br.prev_hash)
+
+        if len(prev_curr.finished_sub_slots) == 0:
+            return None, ip_sub_slot
+        return prev_curr.finished_sub_slots[-1], ip_sub_slot
+
+    def get_recent_reward_challenges(self) -> list[tuple[bytes32, uint128]]:
+        peak = self.get_peak()
+        if peak is None:
+            return []
+        recent_rc: list[tuple[bytes32, uint128]] = []
+        curr: Optional[BlockRecord] = peak
+        while curr is not None and len(recent_rc) < 2 * self.constants.MAX_SUB_SLOT_BLOCKS:
+            if curr != peak:
+                recent_rc.append((curr.reward_infusion_new_challenge, curr.total_iters))
+            if curr.first_in_sub_slot:
+                assert curr.finished_reward_slot_hashes is not None
+                sub_slot_total_iters = curr.ip_sub_slot_total_iters(self.constants)
+                # Start from the most recent
+                for rc in reversed(curr.finished_reward_slot_hashes):
+                    if sub_slot_total_iters < curr.sub_slot_iters:
+                        break
+                    recent_rc.append((rc, sub_slot_total_iters))
+                    sub_slot_total_iters = uint128(sub_slot_total_iters - curr.sub_slot_iters)
+            curr = self.try_block_record(curr.prev_hash)
+        return list(reversed(recent_rc))
+
+    async def validate_unfinished_block_header(
+        self, block: UnfinishedBlock, skip_overflow_ss_validation: bool = True
+    ) -> tuple[Optional[uint64], Optional[Err]]:
+        if len(block.transactions_generator_ref_list) > self.constants.MAX_GENERATOR_REF_LIST_SIZE:
+            return None, Err.TOO_MANY_GENERATOR_REFS
+
+        if (
+            not self.contains_block(block.prev_header_hash)
+            and block.prev_header_hash != self.constants.GENESIS_CHALLENGE
+        ):
+            return None, Err.INVALID_PREV_BLOCK_HASH
+
+        if block.transactions_info is not None:
+            if block.transactions_generator is not None:
+                if std_hash(bytes(block.transactions_generator)) != block.transactions_info.generator_root:
+                    return None, Err.INVALID_TRANSACTIONS_GENERATOR_HASH
+            else:
+                if block.transactions_info.generator_root != bytes([0] * 32):
+                    return None, Err.INVALID_TRANSACTIONS_GENERATOR_HASH
+
+            if (
+                block.foliage_transaction_block is None
+                or block.foliage_transaction_block.transactions_info_hash != block.transactions_info.get_hash()
+            ):
+                return None, Err.INVALID_TRANSACTIONS_INFO_HASH
+        else:
+            # make sure non-tx blocks don't have these fields
+            if block.transactions_generator is not None:
+                return None, Err.INVALID_TRANSACTIONS_GENERATOR_HASH
+            if block.foliage_transaction_block is not None:
+                return None, Err.INVALID_TRANSACTIONS_INFO_HASH
+
+        unfinished_header_block = UnfinishedHeaderBlock(
+            block.finished_sub_slots,
+            block.reward_chain_block,
+            block.challenge_chain_sp_proof,
+            block.reward_chain_sp_proof,
+            block.foliage,
+            block.foliage_transaction_block,
+            b"",
+        )
+        prev_b = self.try_block_record(unfinished_header_block.prev_header_hash)
+        sub_slot_iters, difficulty = get_next_sub_slot_iters_and_difficulty(
+            self.constants, len(unfinished_header_block.finished_sub_slots) > 0, prev_b, self
+        )
+        expected_vs = ValidationState(sub_slot_iters, difficulty, None)
+        required_iters, error = validate_unfinished_header_block(
+            self.constants,
+            self,
+            unfinished_header_block,
+            False,
+            expected_vs,
+            skip_overflow_ss_validation,
+        )
+        if error is not None:
+            return required_iters, error.code
+        return required_iters, None
+
+    async def validate_unfinished_block(
+        self, block: UnfinishedBlock, npc_result: Optional[NPCResult], skip_overflow_ss_validation: bool = True
+    ) -> PreValidationResult:
+        required_iters, error = await self.validate_unfinished_block_header(block, skip_overflow_ss_validation)
+
+        if error is not None:
+            return PreValidationResult(uint16(error.value), None, None, uint32(0))
+
+        prev_height = (
+            -1
+            if block.prev_header_hash == self.constants.GENESIS_CHALLENGE
+            else self.block_record(block.prev_header_hash).height
+        )
+
+        fork_info = ForkInfo(prev_height, prev_height, block.prev_header_hash)
+
+        conds = None if npc_result is None else npc_result.conds
+        error_code = await validate_block_body(
+            self.constants,
+            self,
+            self.coin_store.get_coin_records,
+            block,
+            uint32(prev_height + 1),
+            conds,
+            fork_info,
+            log_coins=self._log_coins,
+        )
+
+        if error_code is not None:
+            return PreValidationResult(uint16(error_code.value), None, None, uint32(0))
+
+        return PreValidationResult(None, required_iters, conds, uint32(0))
+
+    def contains_block(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> bool:
+        """
+        True if we have already added this block to the chain. This may return false for orphan blocks
+        that we have added but no longer keep in memory.
+        """
+        return header_hash in self.__block_records
+
+    def block_record(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> BlockRecord:
+        return self.__block_records[header_hash]
+
+    def height_to_block_record(self, height: uint32) -> BlockRecord:
+        # Precondition: height is in the blockchain
+        header_hash: Optional[bytes32] = self.height_to_hash(height)
+        if header_hash is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Height is not in blockchain: {height}")
+        return self.block_record(header_hash)
+
+    def get_ses_heights(self) -> list[uint32]:
+        return self.__height_map.get_ses_heights()
+
+    def get_ses(self, height: uint32) -> SubEpochSummary:
+        return self.__height_map.get_ses(height)
+
+    def height_to_hash(self, height: uint32) -> Optional[bytes32]:
+        if not self.__height_map.contains_height(height):
+            return None
+        return self.__height_map.get_hash(height)
+
+    def contains_height(self, height: uint32) -> bool:
+        return self.__height_map.contains_height(height)
+
+    def get_peak_height(self) -> Optional[uint32]:
+        return self._peak_height
+
+    async def warmup(self, fork_point: uint32) -> None:
+        """
+        Loads blocks into the cache. The blocks loaded include all blocks from
+        fork point - BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE up to and including the fork_point.
+
+        Args:
+            fork_point: the last block height to load in the cache
+
+        """
+        if self._peak_height is None:
+            return None
+        block_records = await self.block_store.get_block_records_in_range(
+            max(fork_point - self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE, uint32(0)), fork_point
+        )
+        for block_record in block_records.values():
+            self.add_block_record(block_record)
+
+    def clean_block_record(self, height: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Clears all block records in the cache which have block_record < height.
+        Args:
+            height: Minimum height that we need to keep in the cache
+        """
+        if self._peak_height is not None and height > self._peak_height - self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE:
+            height = self._peak_height - self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE
+        if height < 0:
+            return None
+        blocks_to_remove = self.__heights_in_cache.get(uint32(height), None)
+        while blocks_to_remove is not None and height >= 0:
+            for header_hash in blocks_to_remove:
+                del self.__block_records[header_hash]  # remove from blocks
+            del self.__heights_in_cache[uint32(height)]  # remove height from heights in cache
+
+            if height == 0:
+                break
+            height -= 1
+            blocks_to_remove = self.__heights_in_cache.get(uint32(height), None)
+
+    def clean_block_records(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Cleans the cache so that we only maintain relevant blocks. This removes
+        block records that have height < peak - BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE.
+        These blocks are necessary for calculating future difficulty adjustments.
+        """
+
+        if len(self.__block_records) < self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE:
+            return None
+
+        assert self._peak_height is not None
+        if self._peak_height - self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE < 0:
+            return None
+        self.clean_block_record(self._peak_height - self.constants.BLOCKS_CACHE_SIZE)
+
+    async def get_block_records_in_range(self, start: int, stop: int) -> dict[bytes32, BlockRecord]:
+        return await self.block_store.get_block_records_in_range(start, stop)
+
+    async def get_header_blocks_in_range(
+        self, start: int, stop: int, tx_filter: bool = True
+    ) -> dict[bytes32, HeaderBlock]:
+        hashes = []
+        for height in range(start, stop + 1):
+            header_hash: Optional[bytes32] = self.height_to_hash(uint32(height))
+            if header_hash is not None:
+                hashes.append(header_hash)
+
+        blocks: list[FullBlock] = []
+        for hash in hashes.copy():
+            block = self.block_store.block_cache.get(hash)
+            if block is not None:
+                blocks.append(block)
+                hashes.remove(hash)
+        blocks_on_disk: list[FullBlock] = await self.block_store.get_blocks_by_hash(hashes)
+        blocks.extend(blocks_on_disk)
+        header_blocks: dict[bytes32, HeaderBlock] = {}
+
+        for block in blocks:
+            if self.height_to_hash(block.height) != block.header_hash:
+                raise ValueError(f"Block at {block.header_hash} is no longer in the blockchain (it's in a fork)")
+            if tx_filter is False:
+                header = get_block_header(block)
+            elif block.transactions_generator is not None:
+                added_coins_records, removed_coins_records = await asyncio.gather(
+                    self.coin_store.get_coins_added_at_height(block.height),
+                    self.coin_store.get_coins_removed_at_height(block.height),
+                )
+                tx_additions = [cr.coin for cr in added_coins_records if not cr.coinbase]
+                removed = [cr.coin.name() for cr in removed_coins_records]
+                header = get_block_header(block, (removed, tx_additions))
+            elif block.is_transaction_block():
+                # This is a transaction block with just reward coins.
+                # We're sending empty additions and removals to signal that we
+                # want the transactions filter to be computed.
+                header = get_block_header(block, ([], []))
+            else:
+                # Non transaction block.
+                header = get_block_header(block)
+            header_blocks[header.header_hash] = header
+
+        return header_blocks
+
+    async def get_header_block_by_height(
+        self, height: int, header_hash: bytes32, tx_filter: bool = True
+    ) -> Optional[HeaderBlock]:
+        header_dict: dict[bytes32, HeaderBlock] = await self.get_header_blocks_in_range(height, height, tx_filter)
+        if len(header_dict) == 0:
+            return None
+        if header_hash not in header_dict:
+            return None
+        return header_dict[header_hash]
+
+    async def get_block_records_at(self, heights: list[uint32], batch_size: int = 900) -> list[BlockRecord]:
+        """
+        gets block records by height (only blocks that are part of the chain)
+        """
+        records: list[BlockRecord] = []
+        hashes: list[bytes32] = []
+        assert batch_size < self.block_store.db_wrapper.host_parameter_limit
+        for height in heights:
+            header_hash: Optional[bytes32] = self.height_to_hash(height)
+            if header_hash is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Do not have block at height {height}")
+            hashes.append(header_hash)
+            if len(hashes) > batch_size:
+                res = await self.block_store.get_block_records_by_hash(hashes)
+                records.extend(res)
+                hashes = []
+
+        if len(hashes) > 0:
+            res = await self.block_store.get_block_records_by_hash(hashes)
+            records.extend(res)
+        return records
+
+    def try_block_record(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> Optional[BlockRecord]:
+        if self.contains_block(header_hash):
+            return self.block_record(header_hash)
+        return None
+
+    async def get_block_record_from_db(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> Optional[BlockRecord]:
+        ret = self.__block_records.get(header_hash)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return ret
+        return await self.block_store.get_block_record(header_hash)
+
+    async def prev_block_hash(self, header_hashes: list[bytes32]) -> list[bytes32]:
+        """
+        Given a list of block header hashes, returns the previous header hashes
+        for each block, in the order they were passed in.
+        """
+        ret = []
+        for h in header_hashes:
+            b = self.__block_records.get(h)
+            if b is not None:
+                ret.append(b.prev_hash)
+            else:
+                ret.append(await self.block_store.get_prev_hash(h))
+        return ret
+
+    async def contains_block_from_db(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> bool:
+        ret = header_hash in self.__block_records
+        if ret:
+            return True
+
+        return (await self.block_store.get_block_record(header_hash)) is not None
+
+    def remove_block_record(self, header_hash: bytes32) -> None:
+        sbr = self.block_record(header_hash)
+        del self.__block_records[header_hash]
+        self.__heights_in_cache[sbr.height].remove(header_hash)
+
+    def add_block_record(self, block_record: BlockRecord) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a block record to the cache.
+        """
+
+        self.__block_records[block_record.header_hash] = block_record
+        if block_record.height not in self.__heights_in_cache.keys():
+            self.__heights_in_cache[block_record.height] = set()
+        self.__heights_in_cache[block_record.height].add(block_record.header_hash)
+
+    async def persist_sub_epoch_challenge_segments(
+        self, ses_block_hash: bytes32, segments: list[SubEpochChallengeSegment]
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.block_store.persist_sub_epoch_challenge_segments(ses_block_hash, segments)
+
+    async def get_sub_epoch_challenge_segments(
+        self,
+        ses_block_hash: bytes32,
+    ) -> Optional[list[SubEpochChallengeSegment]]:
+        segments: Optional[list[SubEpochChallengeSegment]] = await self.block_store.get_sub_epoch_challenge_segments(
+            ses_block_hash
+        )
+        if segments is None:
+            return None
+        return segments
+
+    # Returns 'True' if the info is already in the set, otherwise returns 'False' and stores it.
+    def seen_compact_proofs(self, vdf_info: VDFInfo, height: uint32) -> bool:
+        pot_tuple = (vdf_info, height)
+        if pot_tuple in self._seen_compact_proofs:
+            return True
+        # Periodically cleanup to keep size small. TODO: make this smarter, like FIFO.
+        if len(self._seen_compact_proofs) > 10000:
+            self._seen_compact_proofs.clear()
+        self._seen_compact_proofs.add(pot_tuple)
+        return False
+
+    async def lookup_block_generators(self, header_hash: bytes32, generator_refs: set[uint32]) -> dict[uint32, bytes]:
+        generators: dict[uint32, bytes] = {}
+
+        # if this is empty, we shouldn't have called this function to begin with
+        assert len(generator_refs)
+
+        # The block heights in the transactions_generator_ref_list don't
+        # necessarily refer to the main chain. The generators may be found in 2
+        # different places. A fork of the chain (but in the database) or in
+        # the main chain.
+
+        #              * <- header_hash
+        #              | :
+        # peak -> *    | : reorg_chain
+        #          \   / :
+        #           \ /  :
+        #            *  <- fork point
+        #         :  |
+        #  main   :  |
+        #  chain  :  |
+        #         :  |
+        #         :  * <- genesis
+
+        # If the block is not part of the main chain, we're on a fork, and we
+        # need to find the fork point
+        peak_block = await self.get_block_record_from_db(header_hash)
+        assert peak_block is not None
+        if self.height_to_hash(peak_block.height) != header_hash:
+            peak: Optional[BlockRecord] = self.get_peak()
+            assert peak is not None
+            reorg_chain: dict[uint32, bytes32]
+            # Then we look up blocks up to fork point one at a time, backtracking
+            reorg_chain, _ = await lookup_fork_chain(
+                self,
+                (peak.height, peak.header_hash),
+                (peak_block.height, peak_block.header_hash),
+                self.constants,
+            )
+
+            remaining_refs = set()
+            for ref_height in generator_refs:
+                if ref_height in reorg_chain:
+                    gen = await self.block_store.get_generator(reorg_chain[ref_height])
+                    if gen is None:
+                        raise ValueError(Err.GENERATOR_REF_HAS_NO_GENERATOR)
+                    generators[ref_height] = gen
+                else:
+                    remaining_refs.add(ref_height)
+        else:
+            remaining_refs = generator_refs
+
+        if len(remaining_refs) > 0:
+            # any remaining references fall in the main chain, and can be looked up
+            # in a single query
+            generators.update(await self.block_store.get_generators_at(remaining_refs))
+
+        return generators