capytaine 2.3.1__cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

capytaine/bem/problems_and_results.py

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+"""Definition of the problems to solve with the BEM solver, and the results of this resolution."""
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2023 Matthieu Ancellin
+# See LICENSE file at <https://github.com/capytaine/capytaine>
+
+import logging
+
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+from scipy.optimize import newton
+
+from capytaine.tools.deprecation_handling import _get_water_depth
+from capytaine.meshes.collections import CollectionOfMeshes
+from capytaine.bem.airy_waves import airy_waves_velocity, froude_krylov_force
+from capytaine.tools.symbolic_multiplication import SymbolicMultiplication
+
+LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_default_parameters = {'rho': 1000.0, 'g': 9.81, 'omega': 1.0,
+                      'free_surface': 0.0, 'water_depth': np.inf,
+                       'wave_direction': 0.0, 'forward_speed': 0.0}
+
+
+
+class LinearPotentialFlowProblem:
+    """General class of a potential flow problem.
+
+    At most one of the following parameters must be provided:
+        omega, freq, period, wavenumber or wavelength.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    body: FloatingBody, optional
+        The body interacting with the waves
+    free_surface: float, optional
+        The position of the free surface (accepted values: 0 and np.inf)
+    water_depth: float, optional
+        The depth of water in m (default: np.inf)
+    sea_bottom: float, optional
+        The position of the sea bottom (deprecated: please prefer setting water_depth)
+    omega: float, optional
+        The angular frequency of the waves in rad/s
+    freq: float, optional
+        The frequency of the waves in Hz
+    period: float, optional
+        The period of the waves in s
+    wavenumber: float, optional
+        The angular wave number of the waves in rad/m
+    wavelength: float, optional
+        The wave length of the waves in m
+    forward_speed: float, optional
+        The speed of the body (in m/s, in the x direction, default: 0.0)
+    rho: float, optional
+        The density of water in kg/m3 (default: 1000.0)
+    g: float, optional
+        The acceleration of gravity in m/s2 (default: 9.81)
+    boundary_condition: np.ndarray of shape (body.mesh.nb_faces,), optional
+        The Neumann boundary condition on the floating body
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *,
+                 body=None,
+                 free_surface=_default_parameters['free_surface'],
+                 water_depth=None, sea_bottom=None,
+                 omega=None, freq=None, period=None, wavenumber=None, wavelength=None,
+                 forward_speed=_default_parameters['forward_speed'],
+                 rho=_default_parameters['rho'],
+                 g=_default_parameters['g'],
+                 wave_direction=_default_parameters['wave_direction'],
+                 boundary_condition=None):
+
+        self.body = body
+        self.free_surface = float(free_surface)
+        self.rho = float(rho)
+        self.g = float(g)
+        self.forward_speed = float(forward_speed)
+        self.wave_direction = float(wave_direction)  # Required for (diffraction problem) and (radiation problems with forward speed).
+
+        self.boundary_condition = boundary_condition
+
+        self.water_depth = _get_water_depth(free_surface, water_depth, sea_bottom, default_water_depth=_default_parameters["water_depth"])
+        self.omega, self.freq, self.period, self.wavenumber, self.wavelength, self.provided_freq_type = \
+                self._get_frequencies(omega=omega, freq=freq, period=period, wavenumber=wavenumber, wavelength=wavelength)
+
+        self._check_data()
+
+        if forward_speed != 0.0:
+            dopplered_omega = self.omega - self.wavenumber*self.forward_speed*np.cos(self.wave_direction)
+            self.encounter_omega, self.encounter_freq, self.encounter_period, self.encounter_wavenumber, self.encounter_wavelength, _ = \
+                    self._get_frequencies(omega=abs(dopplered_omega))
+
+            if dopplered_omega >= 0.0:
+                self.encounter_wave_direction = self.wave_direction
+            else:
+                self.encounter_wave_direction = self.wave_direction + np.pi
+        else:
+            self.encounter_omega = self.omega
+            self.encounter_freq = self.freq
+            self.encounter_period = self.period
+            self.encounter_wavenumber = self.wavenumber
+            self.encounter_wavelength = self.wavelength
+            self.encounter_wave_direction = self.wave_direction
+
+
+    def _get_frequencies(self, *, omega=None, freq=None, period=None, wavenumber=None, wavelength=None):
+        frequency_data = dict(omega=omega, freq=freq, period=period, wavenumber=wavenumber, wavelength=wavelength)
+        nb_provided_frequency_data = len(frequency_data) - list(frequency_data.values()).count(None)
+
+        if nb_provided_frequency_data > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Settings a problem requires at most one of the following: omega (angular frequency) OR freq (in Hz) OR period OR wavenumber OR wavelength.\n"
+                             "Received {} of them: {}".format(nb_provided_frequency_data, {k: v for k, v in frequency_data.items() if v is not None}))
+
+        if nb_provided_frequency_data == 0:
+            provided_freq_type = 'omega'
+            frequency_data = {'omega': _default_parameters['omega']}
+        else:
+            provided_freq_type = [k for (k, v) in frequency_data.items() if v is not None][0]
+
+        if ((float(frequency_data[provided_freq_type]) == 0.0 and provided_freq_type in {'omega', 'freq', 'wavenumber'})
+            or (float(frequency_data[provided_freq_type]) == np.inf and provided_freq_type in {'period', 'wavelength'})):
+                omega = SymbolicMultiplication("0")
+                freq = SymbolicMultiplication("0")
+                wavenumber = SymbolicMultiplication("0")
+                period = SymbolicMultiplication("∞")
+                wavelength = SymbolicMultiplication("∞")
+        elif ((float(frequency_data[provided_freq_type]) == 0.0 and provided_freq_type in {'period', 'wavelength'})
+            or (float(frequency_data[provided_freq_type]) == np.inf and provided_freq_type in {'omega', 'freq', 'wavenumber'})):
+                omega = SymbolicMultiplication("∞")
+                freq = SymbolicMultiplication("∞")
+                wavenumber = SymbolicMultiplication("∞")
+                period = SymbolicMultiplication("0")
+                wavelength = SymbolicMultiplication("0")
+        else:
+
+            if provided_freq_type in {'omega', 'freq', 'period'}:
+                if provided_freq_type == 'omega':
+                    omega = frequency_data['omega']
+                    period = 2*np.pi/omega
+                    freq = omega/2/np.pi
+                elif provided_freq_type == 'freq':
+                    freq = frequency_data['freq']
+                    omega = 2*np.pi*freq
+                    period = 1/freq
+                else:  # provided_freq_type is 'period'
+                    period = frequency_data['period']
+                    omega = 2*np.pi/period
+                    freq = 1/period
+
+                if self.water_depth == np.inf:
+                    wavenumber = omega**2/self.g
+                else:
+                    wavenumber = newton(lambda k: k*np.tanh(k*self.water_depth) - omega**2/self.g, x0=1.0)
+                wavelength = 2*np.pi/wavenumber
+
+            else:  # provided_freq_type is 'wavelength' or 'wavenumber'
+                if provided_freq_type == 'wavelength':
+                    wavelength = frequency_data['wavelength']
+                    wavenumber = 2*np.pi/wavelength
+                else:  # provided_freq_type is 'wavenumber'
+                    wavenumber = frequency_data['wavenumber']
+                    wavelength = 2*np.pi/wavenumber
+
+                omega = np.sqrt(self.g*wavenumber*np.tanh(wavenumber*self.water_depth))
+                period = 2*np.pi/omega
+                freq = 1/period
+
+        return omega, freq, period, wavenumber, wavelength, provided_freq_type
+
+    def _check_data(self):
+        """Sanity checks on the data."""
+
+        if self.free_surface not in {0.0, np.inf}:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                f"Free surface is {self.free_surface}. "
+                "Only z=0 and z=∞ are accepted values for the free surface position."
+            )
+
+        if not (-2*np.pi-1e-3 <= self.wave_direction <= 2*np.pi+1e-3):
+            LOG.warning(f"The value {self.wave_direction} has been provided for the wave direction, and it does not look like an angle in radians. "
+                         "The wave direction in Capytaine is defined in radians and not in degrees, so the result might not be what you expect. "
+                         "If you were actually giving an angle in radians, use the modulo operator to give a value between -2π and 2π to disable this warning.")
+
+        if self.free_surface == np.inf and self.water_depth != np.inf:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Problems with a sea bottom but no free surface have not been implemented."
+            )
+
+        if self.water_depth < 0.0:
+            raise ValueError("`water_depth` should be strictly positive (provided water depth: {self.water_depth}).")
+
+        if float(self.omega) in {0, np.inf}:
+            if self.forward_speed != 0.0:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                        f"omega={float(self.omega)} is only implemented without forward speed (provided forward speed: {self.forward_speed})."
+                )
+
+
+        if self.body is not None:
+            if ((isinstance(self.body.mesh, CollectionOfMeshes) and len(self.body.mesh) == 0)
+                    or len(self.body.mesh.faces) == 0):
+                raise ValueError(f"The mesh of the body {self.body.__short_str__()} is empty.")
+
+            self.body._check_dofs_shape_consistency()
+
+            panels_above_fs = self.body.mesh.faces_centers[:, 2] >= self.free_surface + 1e-8
+            panels_below_sb = self.body.mesh.faces_centers[:, 2] <= -self.water_depth
+            if (any(panels_above_fs) or any(panels_below_sb)):
+
+                if not any(panels_below_sb):
+                    issue = f"{np.count_nonzero(panels_above_fs)} panels above the free surface"
+                elif not any(panels_above_fs):
+                    issue = f"{np.count_nonzero(panels_below_sb)} panels below the sea bottom"
+                else:
+                    issue = (f"{np.count_nonzero(panels_above_fs)} panels above the free surface " +
+                             f"and {np.count_nonzero(panels_below_sb)} panels below the sea bottom")
+
+                LOG.warning(
+                        f"The mesh of the body {self.body.__short_str__()} has {issue}.\n" +
+                        "It has been clipped to fit inside the domain.\n" +
+                        "To remove this warning, clip the mesh manually with the `immersed_part()` method."
+                )
+
+                self.body = self.body.immersed_part(free_surface=self.free_surface,
+                                                    water_depth=self.water_depth)
+
+        if self.boundary_condition is not None:
+            if len(self.boundary_condition.shape) != 1:
+                raise ValueError(f"Expected a 1-dimensional array as boundary_condition. Provided boundary condition's shape: {self.boundary_condition.shape}.")
+
+            if self.boundary_condition.shape[0] != self.body.mesh_including_lid.nb_faces:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The shape of the boundary condition ({self.boundary_condition.shape})"
+                    f"does not match the number of faces of the mesh ({self.body.mesh.nb_faces})."
+                )
+
+    @property
+    def body_name(self):
+        return self.body.name if self.body is not None else 'None'
+
+    def _asdict(self):
+        return {"body_name": self.body_name,
+                "water_depth": self.water_depth,
+                "free_surface": self.free_surface,
+                "omega": float(self.omega),
+                "freq": float(self.freq),
+                "encounter_omega": float(self.encounter_omega),
+                "encounter_freq": float(self.encounter_freq),
+                "period": float(self.period),
+                "wavelength": float(self.wavelength),
+                "wavenumber": float(self.wavenumber),
+                "forward_speed": self.forward_speed,
+                "wave_direction": self.wave_direction,
+                "encounter_wave_direction": self.encounter_wave_direction,
+                "rho": self.rho,
+                "g": self.g}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _group_for_parallel_resolution(problems):
+        """Given a list of problems, returns a list of groups of problems, such
+        that each group should be executed in the same process to benefit from
+        caching.
+        """
+        problems_params = pd.DataFrame([pb._asdict() for pb in problems])
+        groups_of_indices = problems_params.groupby(["body_name", "water_depth", "omega", "rho", "g"]).groups.values()
+        groups_of_problems = [[problems[i] for i in grp] for grp in groups_of_indices]
+        return groups_of_problems
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Do not display default values in str(problem)."""
+        parameters = [f"body={self.body.__short_str__() if self.body is not None else None}",
+                      f"{self.provided_freq_type}={float(self.__getattribute__(self.provided_freq_type)):.3f}",
+                      f"water_depth={self.water_depth}"]
+
+        if not self.forward_speed == _default_parameters['forward_speed']:
+            parameters.append(f"forward_speed={self.forward_speed:.3f}")
+
+        try:
+            parameters.extend(self._str_other_attributes())
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        if not self.free_surface == _default_parameters['free_surface']:
+            parameters.append(f"free_surface={self.free_surface}")
+        if not self.g == _default_parameters['g']:
+            parameters.append(f"g={self.g}")
+        if not self.rho == _default_parameters['rho']:
+            parameters.append(f"rho={self.rho}")
+
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + "(" + ', '.join(parameters) + ")"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__str__()
+
+    def _repr_pretty_(self, p, cycle):
+        p.text(self.__str__())
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self):
+        yield "body", self.body, None
+        yield self.provided_freq_type, self.__getattribute__(self.provided_freq_type)
+        yield "water_depth", self.water_depth, _default_parameters["water_depth"]
+        try:
+            yield from self._specific_rich_repr()
+        except:
+            pass
+        yield "g", self.g, _default_parameters["g"]
+        yield "rho", self.rho, _default_parameters["rho"]
+
+    def _astuple(self):
+        return (self.body, self.free_surface, self.water_depth,
+                float(self.omega), float(self.period), float(self.wavenumber), float(self.wavelength),
+                self.forward_speed, self.rho, self.g)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, LinearPotentialFlowProblem):
+            return self._astuple() == other._astuple()
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        # Arbitrary order. Used for ordering of problems: problems with same body are grouped together.
+        if isinstance(other, LinearPotentialFlowProblem):
+            return self._astuple()[:9] < other._astuple()[:9]
+            # Not the whole tuple, because when using inheriting classes,
+            # "radiating_dof" cannot be compared with "wave_direction"
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    @property
+    def depth(self):
+        return self.water_depth
+
+    @property
+    def influenced_dofs(self):
+        # TODO: let the user choose the influenced dofs
+        return self.body.dofs if self.body is not None else set()
+
+    def make_results_container(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return LinearPotentialFlowResult(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def make_failed_results_container(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return FailedLinearPotentialFlowResult(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class DiffractionProblem(LinearPotentialFlowProblem):
+    """Particular LinearPotentialFlowProblem with boundary conditions
+    computed from an incoming Airy wave."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *,
+                 body=None,
+                 free_surface=_default_parameters['free_surface'],
+                 water_depth=None, sea_bottom=None,
+                 omega=None, freq=None, period=None, wavenumber=None, wavelength=None,
+                 forward_speed=_default_parameters['forward_speed'],
+                 rho=_default_parameters['rho'],
+                 g=_default_parameters['g'],
+                 wave_direction=_default_parameters['wave_direction']):
+
+        super().__init__(body=body, free_surface=free_surface, water_depth=water_depth, sea_bottom=sea_bottom,
+                         omega=omega, freq=freq, period=period, wavenumber=wavenumber, wavelength=wavelength, wave_direction=wave_direction,
+                         forward_speed=forward_speed, rho=rho, g=g)
+
+        if self.body is not None:
+
+            self.boundary_condition = np.zeros(
+                shape=(self.body.mesh_including_lid.nb_faces,),
+                dtype=np.complex128
+            )
+
+            self.boundary_condition[self.body.hull_mask] = -(
+                    airy_waves_velocity(self.body.mesh.faces_centers, self)
+                    * self.body.mesh.faces_normals
+            ).sum(axis=1)
+            # Note that even with forward speed, this is computed based on the
+            # frequency and not the encounter frequency.
+
+            if len(self.body.dofs) == 0:
+                LOG.warning(f"The body {self.body.name} used in diffraction problem has no dofs!")
+
+    def _str_other_attributes(self):
+        return [f"wave_direction={self.wave_direction:.3f}"]
+
+    def _specific_rich_repr(self):
+        yield "wave_direction", self.wave_direction, _default_parameters["wave_direction"]
+
+    def make_results_container(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return DiffractionResult(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def make_failed_results_container(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return FailedDiffractionResult(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class RadiationProblem(LinearPotentialFlowProblem):
+    """Particular LinearPotentialFlowProblem whose boundary conditions have
+    been computed from the degree of freedom of the body."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *, body=None,
+                 free_surface=_default_parameters['free_surface'],
+                 water_depth=None, sea_bottom=None,
+                 omega=None, freq=None, period=None, wavenumber=None, wavelength=None,
+                 forward_speed=_default_parameters['forward_speed'],
+                 wave_direction=_default_parameters['wave_direction'],
+                 rho=_default_parameters['rho'],
+                 g=_default_parameters['g'],
+                 radiating_dof=None):
+
+        self.radiating_dof = radiating_dof
+
+        super().__init__(body=body, free_surface=free_surface, water_depth=water_depth, sea_bottom=sea_bottom,
+                         omega=omega, freq=freq, period=period, wavenumber=wavenumber, wavelength=wavelength,
+                         wave_direction=wave_direction, forward_speed=forward_speed, rho=rho, g=g)
+
+        if self.body is not None:
+
+            if len(self.body.dofs) == 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"Body {self.body.name} does not have any degrees of freedom.")
+
+            if self.radiating_dof is None:
+                self.radiating_dof = next(iter(self.body.dofs))
+
+            if self.radiating_dof not in self.body.dofs:
+                raise ValueError(f"In {self}:\n"
+                                 f"the radiating dof {repr(self.radiating_dof)} is not one of the degrees of freedom of the body.\n"
+                                 f"The dofs of the body are {list(self.body.dofs.keys())}")
+
+            dof = self.body.dofs[self.radiating_dof]
+
+            self.boundary_condition = self.encounter_omega * np.zeros(
+                shape=(self.body.mesh_including_lid.nb_faces,),
+                dtype=np.complex128
+            )
+            # The multiplication by encounter_omega is just a programming trick to ensure that boundary_condition
+            # is implemented with the correct type (for zero and infinite frequencies), it does not affect the value.
+            # Below the value is update on the hull. It remains zero on the lid.
+
+            displacement_on_face = np.sum(dof * self.body.mesh.faces_normals, axis=1)  # This is a dot product on each face
+            self.boundary_condition[self.body.hull_mask] = -1j * self.encounter_omega * displacement_on_face
+
+            if self.forward_speed != 0.0:
+                if self.radiating_dof.lower() == "pitch":
+                    ddofdx_dot_n = np.array([nz for (nx, ny, nz) in self.body.mesh.faces_normals])
+                elif self.radiating_dof.lower() == "yaw":
+                    ddofdx_dot_n = np.array([-ny for (nx, ny, nz) in self.body.mesh.faces_normals])
+                elif self.radiating_dof.lower() in {"surge", "sway", "heave", "roll"}:
+                    ddofdx_dot_n = 0.0
+                else:
+                    raise NotImplementedError(
+                            "Radiation problem with forward speed is currently only implemented for a single rigid body.\n"
+                            "Only radiating dofs with name in {'Surge', 'Sway', 'Heave', 'Roll', 'Pitch', 'Yaw'} are supported.\n"
+                            f"Got instead `radiating_dof={self.radiating_dof}`"
+                            )
+
+                self.boundary_condition[self.body.hull_mask] += self.forward_speed * ddofdx_dot_n
+
+
+
+    def _astuple(self):
+        return super()._astuple() + (self.radiating_dof,)
+
+    def _asdict(self):
+        d = super()._asdict()
+        d["radiating_dof"] = self.radiating_dof
+        return d
+
+    def _str_other_attributes(self):
+        if self.forward_speed != 0.0:
+            return [f"wave_direction={self.wave_direction:.3f}, radiating_dof=\'{self.radiating_dof}\'"]
+        else:
+            return [f"radiating_dof=\'{self.radiating_dof}\'"]
+
+    def _specific_rich_repr(self):
+        yield "radiating_dof", self.radiating_dof
+
+    def make_results_container(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return RadiationResult(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def make_failed_results_container(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return FailedRadiationResult(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class LinearPotentialFlowResult:
+
+    def __init__(self, problem, forces=None, sources=None, potential=None, pressure=None):
+        self.problem = problem
+
+        self.forces = forces if forces is not None else {}
+        self.sources = sources
+        self.potential = potential
+        self.pressure = pressure
+
+        self.fs_elevation = {}  # Only used in legacy `get_free_surface_elevation`. To be removed?
+
+        # Copy data from problem
+        self.body               = self.problem.body
+        self.free_surface       = self.problem.free_surface
+        self.omega              = self.problem.omega
+        self.freq              = self.problem.freq
+        self.period             = self.problem.period
+        self.wavenumber         = self.problem.wavenumber
+        self.wavelength         = self.problem.wavelength
+        self.forward_speed      = self.problem.forward_speed
+        self.wave_direction     = self.problem.wave_direction
+        self.encounter_omega    = self.problem.encounter_omega
+        self.encounter_freq    = self.problem.encounter_freq
+        self.encounter_period   = self.problem.encounter_period
+        self.encounter_wavenumber = self.problem.encounter_wavenumber
+        self.encounter_wavelength = self.problem.encounter_wavelength
+        self.encounter_wave_direction = self.problem.encounter_wave_direction
+        self.rho                = self.problem.rho
+        self.g                  = self.problem.g
+        self.boundary_condition = self.problem.boundary_condition
+        self.water_depth        = self.problem.water_depth
+        self.depth              = self.problem.water_depth
+        self.provided_freq_type = self.problem.provided_freq_type
+        self.body_name          = self.problem.body_name
+        self.influenced_dofs    = self.problem.influenced_dofs
+
+    @property
+    def force(self):
+        # Just an alias
+        return self.forces
+
+    __str__ = LinearPotentialFlowProblem.__str__
+    __repr__ = LinearPotentialFlowProblem.__repr__
+    _repr_pretty_ = LinearPotentialFlowProblem._repr_pretty_
+    __rich_repr__ = LinearPotentialFlowProblem.__rich_repr__
+
+
+class FailedLinearPotentialFlowResult(LinearPotentialFlowResult):
+    def __init__(self, problem, exception):
+        LinearPotentialFlowResult.__init__(self, problem)
+        self.forces = {dof: np.nan + 1j*np.nan for dof in self.influenced_dofs}
+        self.exception = exception
+
+
+class DiffractionResult(LinearPotentialFlowResult):
+
+    def __init__(self, problem, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(problem, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    _str_other_attributes = DiffractionProblem._str_other_attributes
+    _specific_rich_repr = DiffractionProblem._specific_rich_repr
+
+    @property
+    def records(self):
+        params = self.problem._asdict()
+        FK = froude_krylov_force(self.problem)
+        return [dict(**params,
+                     influenced_dof=dof,
+                     diffraction_force=self.forces[dof],
+                     Froude_Krylov_force=FK[dof],
+                     kind="DiffractionResult")
+                for dof in self.influenced_dofs]
+
+
+class FailedDiffractionResult(DiffractionResult):
+    def __init__(self, problem, exception):
+        DiffractionResult.__init__(self, problem)
+        self.forces = {dof: np.nan for dof in self.influenced_dofs}
+        self.exception = exception
+
+
+class RadiationResult(LinearPotentialFlowResult):
+
+    def __init__(self, problem, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(problem, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.radiating_dof = self.problem.radiating_dof
+
+    _str_other_attributes = RadiationProblem._str_other_attributes
+    _specific_rich_repr = RadiationProblem._specific_rich_repr
+
+    @property
+    def added_mass(self):
+        return {dof: float(np.real(force)/(self.encounter_omega*self.encounter_omega)) for (dof, force) in self.forces.items()}
+
+    @property
+    def radiation_damping(self):
+        if float(self.encounter_omega) in {0.0, np.inf} and self.forward_speed == 0.0:
+            return {dof: 0.0 for dof in self.forces.keys()}
+        else:
+            return {dof: float(np.imag(force)/self.encounter_omega) for (dof, force) in self.forces.items()}
+
+    # Aliases for backward compatibility
+    added_masses = added_mass
+    radiation_dampings = radiation_damping
+
+    @property
+    def records(self):
+        params = self.problem._asdict()
+        return [dict(params,
+                     influenced_dof=dof,
+                     added_mass=self.added_mass[dof],
+                     radiation_damping=self.radiation_damping[dof],
+                     kind="RadiationResult")
+                for dof in self.influenced_dofs]
+
+
+class FailedRadiationResult(RadiationResult):
+    def __init__(self, problem, exception):
+        RadiationResult.__init__(self, problem)
+        self.forces = {dof: np.nan + 1j*np.nan for dof in self.influenced_dofs}
+        self.exception = exception