biomedisa 2024.5.14__py3-none-any.whl

biomedisa/biomedisa_features/keras_helper.py

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+##########################################################################
+##                                                                      ##
+##  Copyright (c) 2024 Philipp Lösel. All rights reserved.              ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  This file is part of the open source project biomedisa.             ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  Licensed under the European Union Public Licence (EUPL)             ##
+##  v1.2, or - as soon as they will be approved by the                  ##
+##  European Commission - subsequent versions of the EUPL;              ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  You may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms            ##
+##  of the EUPL v1.2. You may not use this work except in               ##
+##  compliance with this Licence.                                       ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  You can obtain a copy of the Licence at:                            ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/page/eupl-text-11-12                    ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in                   ##
+##  writing, software distributed under the Licence is                  ##
+##  distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTIES                 ##
+##  OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.               ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##  See the Licence for the specific language governing                 ##
+##  permissions and limitations under the Licence.                      ##
+##                                                                      ##
+##########################################################################
+
+import os
+BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+try:
+    from tensorflow.keras.optimizers.legacy import SGD
+except:
+    from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import SGD
+from tensorflow.keras.models import Model, load_model
+from tensorflow.keras.layers import (
+    Input, Conv3D, MaxPooling3D, UpSampling3D, Activation, Reshape,
+    BatchNormalization, Concatenate, ReLU, Add, GlobalAveragePooling3D,
+    Dense, Dropout, MaxPool3D, Flatten, Multiply)
+from tensorflow.keras import backend as K
+from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
+from tensorflow.keras.callbacks import Callback, ModelCheckpoint, EarlyStopping
+from biomedisa_features.DataGenerator import DataGenerator
+from biomedisa_features.PredictDataGenerator import PredictDataGenerator
+from biomedisa_features.biomedisa_helper import (
+    img_resize, load_data, save_data, set_labels_to_zero, id_generator)
+from biomedisa_features.remove_outlier import clean, fill
+from biomedisa_features.active_contour import activeContour
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import SimpleITK as sitk
+import tensorflow as tf
+import numpy as np
+import cv2
+import tarfile
+from random import shuffle
+import glob
+import random
+import numba
+import re
+import time
+import h5py
+import atexit
+import shutil
+
+class InputError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message=None, img_names=[], label_names=[]):
+        self.message = message
+        self.img_names = img_names
+        self.label_names = label_names
+
+def save_history(history, path_to_model, val_dice, train_dice):
+    # summarize history for accuracy
+    plt.plot(history['accuracy'])
+    plt.plot(history['val_accuracy'])
+    if val_dice and train_dice:
+        plt.plot(history['dice'])
+        plt.plot(history['val_dice'])
+        plt.legend(['Accuracy (train)', 'Accuracy (test)', 'Dice score (train)', 'Dice score (test)'], loc='upper left')
+    elif train_dice:
+        plt.plot(history['dice'])
+        plt.legend(['Accuracy (train)', 'Accuracy (test)', 'Dice score (train)'], loc='upper left')
+    elif val_dice:
+        plt.plot(history['val_dice'])
+        plt.legend(['Accuracy (train)', 'Accuracy (test)', 'Dice score (test)'], loc='upper left')
+    else:
+        plt.legend(['Accuracy (train)', 'Accuracy (test)'], loc='upper left')
+    plt.title('model accuracy')
+    plt.ylabel('accuracy')
+    plt.xlabel('epoch')
+    plt.tight_layout()  # To prevent overlapping of subplots
+    plt.savefig(path_to_model.replace('.h5','_acc.png'), dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
+    plt.clf()
+    # summarize history for loss
+    plt.plot(history['loss'])
+    plt.plot(history['val_loss'])
+    plt.title('model loss')
+    plt.ylabel('loss')
+    plt.xlabel('epoch')
+    plt.legend(['train', 'test'], loc='upper left')
+    plt.tight_layout()  # To prevent overlapping of subplots
+    plt.savefig(path_to_model.replace('.h5','_loss.png'), dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
+    plt.clf()
+    # save history dictonary
+    np.save(path_to_model.replace('.h5','.npy'), history)
+
+def predict_blocksize(labelData, x_puffer, y_puffer, z_puffer):
+    zsh, ysh, xsh = labelData.shape
+    argmin_z, argmax_z, argmin_y, argmax_y, argmin_x, argmax_x = zsh, 0, ysh, 0, xsh, 0
+    for k in range(zsh):
+        y, x = np.nonzero(labelData[k])
+        if x.any():
+            argmin_x = min(argmin_x, np.amin(x))
+            argmax_x = max(argmax_x, np.amax(x))
+            argmin_y = min(argmin_y, np.amin(y))
+            argmax_y = max(argmax_y, np.amax(y))
+            argmin_z = min(argmin_z, k)
+            argmax_z = max(argmax_z, k)
+    zmin, zmax = argmin_z, argmax_z
+    argmin_x = argmin_x - x_puffer if argmin_x - x_puffer > 0 else 0
+    argmax_x = argmax_x + x_puffer if argmax_x + x_puffer < xsh else xsh
+    argmin_y = argmin_y - y_puffer if argmin_y - y_puffer > 0 else 0
+    argmax_y = argmax_y + y_puffer if argmax_y + y_puffer < ysh else ysh
+    argmin_z = argmin_z - z_puffer if argmin_z - z_puffer > 0 else 0
+    argmax_z = argmax_z + z_puffer if argmax_z + z_puffer < zsh else zsh
+    return argmin_z,argmax_z,argmin_y,argmax_y,argmin_x,argmax_x
+
+def get_image_dimensions(header, data):
+
+    # read header as string
+    b = header.tobytes()
+    try:
+        s = b.decode("utf-8")
+    except:
+        s = b.decode("latin1")
+
+    # get image size in header
+    lattice = re.search('define Lattice (.*)\n', s)
+    lattice = lattice.group(1)
+    xsh, ysh, zsh = lattice.split(' ')
+    xsh, ysh, zsh = int(xsh), int(ysh), int(zsh)
+
+    # new image size
+    z,y,x = data.shape
+
+    # change image size in header
+    s = s.replace('%s %s %s' %(xsh,ysh,zsh), '%s %s %s' %(x,y,z),1)
+    s = s.replace('Content "%sx%sx%s byte' %(xsh,ysh,zsh), 'Content "%sx%sx%s byte' %(x,y,z),1)
+
+    # return header as array
+    b2 = s.encode()
+    new_header = np.frombuffer(b2, dtype=header.dtype)
+    return new_header
+
+def get_physical_size(header, img_header):
+
+    # read img_header as string
+    b = img_header.tobytes()
+    try:
+        s = b.decode("utf-8")
+    except:
+        s = b.decode("latin1")
+
+    # get physical size from image header
+    bounding_box = re.search('BoundingBox (.*),\n', s)
+    bounding_box = bounding_box.group(1)
+    i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5 = bounding_box.split(' ')
+    bounding_box_i = re.search('&BoundingBox (.*),\n', s)
+    bounding_box_i = bounding_box_i.group(1)
+
+    # read label header as string
+    b = header.tobytes()
+    try:
+        s = b.decode("utf-8")
+    except:
+        s = b.decode("latin1")
+
+    # get physical size from label header
+    bounding_box = re.search('BoundingBox (.*),\n', s)
+    bounding_box = bounding_box.group(1)
+    l0, l1, l2, l3, l4, l5 = bounding_box.split(' ')
+    bounding_box_l = re.search('&BoundingBox (.*),\n', s)
+    bounding_box_l = bounding_box_l.group(1)
+
+    # change physical size in label header
+    s = s.replace('%s %s %s %s %s %s' %(l0,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5),'%s %s %s %s %s %s' %(i0,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5),1)
+    s = s.replace(bounding_box_l,bounding_box_i,1)
+
+    # return header as array
+    b2 = s.encode()
+    new_header = np.frombuffer(b2, dtype=header.dtype)
+    return new_header
+
+@numba.jit(nopython=True)
+def compute_position(position, zsh, ysh, xsh):
+    zsh_h, ysh_h, xsh_h = zsh//2, ysh//2, xsh//2
+    for k in range(zsh):
+        for l in range(ysh):
+            for m in range(xsh):
+                x = (xsh_h-m)**2
+                y = (ysh_h-l)**2
+                z = (zsh_h-k)**2
+                position[k,l,m] = x+y+z
+    return position
+
+def make_conv_block(nb_filters, input_tensor, block):
+    def make_stage(input_tensor, stage):
+        name = 'conv_{}_{}'.format(block, stage)
+        x = Conv3D(nb_filters, (3, 3, 3), activation='relu',
+                   padding='same', name=name, data_format="channels_last")(input_tensor)
+        name = 'batch_norm_{}_{}'.format(block, stage)
+        try:
+            x = BatchNormalization(name=name, synchronized=True)(x)
+        except:
+            x = BatchNormalization(name=name)(x)
+        x = Activation('relu')(x)
+        return x
+
+    x = make_stage(input_tensor, 1)
+    x = make_stage(x, 2)
+    return x
+
+def make_conv_block_resnet(nb_filters, input_tensor, block):
+
+    # Residual/Skip connection
+    res = Conv3D(nb_filters, (1, 1, 1), padding='same', use_bias=False, name="Identity{}_1".format(block))(input_tensor)
+
+    stage = 1
+    name = 'conv_{}_{}'.format(block, stage)
+    fx = Conv3D(nb_filters, (3, 3, 3), activation='relu', padding='same', name=name, data_format="channels_last")(input_tensor)
+    name = 'batch_norm_{}_{}'.format(block, stage)
+    try:
+        fx = BatchNormalization(name=name, synchronized=True)(fx)
+    except:
+        fx = BatchNormalization(name=name)(fx)
+    fx = Activation('relu')(fx)
+
+    stage = 2
+    name = 'conv_{}_{}'.format(block, stage)
+    fx = Conv3D(nb_filters, (3, 3, 3), padding='same', name=name, data_format="channels_last")(fx)
+    name = 'batch_norm_{}_{}'.format(block, stage)
+    try:
+        fx = BatchNormalization(name=name, synchronized=True)(fx)
+    except:
+        fx = BatchNormalization(name=name)(fx)
+
+    out = Add()([res,fx])
+    out = ReLU()(out)
+
+    return out
+
+def make_unet(input_shape, nb_labels, filters='32-64-128-256-512', resnet=False):
+
+    nb_plans, nb_rows, nb_cols, _ = input_shape
+
+    inputs = Input(input_shape)
+
+    filters = filters.split('-')
+    filters = np.array(filters, dtype=int)
+    latent_space_size = filters[-1]
+    filters = filters[:-1]
+    convs = []
+
+    i = 1
+    for f in filters:
+        if i==1:
+            if resnet:
+                conv = make_conv_block_resnet(f, inputs, i)
+            else:
+                conv = make_conv_block(f, inputs, i)
+        else:
+            if resnet:
+                conv = make_conv_block_resnet(f, pool, i)
+            else:
+                conv = make_conv_block(f, pool, i)
+        pool = MaxPooling3D(pool_size=(2, 2, 2))(conv)
+        convs.append(conv)
+        i += 1
+
+    if resnet:
+        conv = make_conv_block_resnet(latent_space_size, pool, i)
+    else:
+        conv = make_conv_block(latent_space_size, pool, i)
+    i += 1
+
+    for k, f in enumerate(filters[::-1]):
+        up = Concatenate()([UpSampling3D(size=(2, 2, 2))(conv), convs[-(k+1)]])
+        if resnet:
+            conv = make_conv_block_resnet(f, up, i)
+        else:
+            conv = make_conv_block(f, up, i)
+        i += 1
+
+    conv = Conv3D(nb_labels, (1, 1, 1), name=f'conv_{i}_1')(conv)
+
+    x = Reshape((nb_plans * nb_rows * nb_cols, nb_labels))(conv)
+    x = Activation('softmax')(x)
+    outputs = Reshape((nb_plans, nb_rows, nb_cols, nb_labels))(x)
+
+    model = Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)
+
+    return model
+
+def get_labels(arr, allLabels):
+    np_unique = np.unique(arr)
+    final = np.zeros_like(arr)
+    for k in np_unique:
+        final[arr == k] = allLabels[k]
+    return final
+
+def read_img_list(img_list, label_list):
+    # read filenames
+    InputError.img_names = []
+    InputError.label_names = []
+    img_names, label_names = [], []
+    for img_name, label_name in zip(img_list, label_list):
+
+        # check for tarball
+        img_dir, img_ext = os.path.splitext(img_name)
+        if img_ext == '.gz':
+            img_dir, img_ext = os.path.splitext(img_dir)
+
+        label_dir, label_ext = os.path.splitext(label_name)
+        if label_ext == '.gz':
+            label_dir, label_ext = os.path.splitext(label_dir)
+
+        if (img_ext == '.tar' and label_ext == '.tar') or (os.path.isdir(img_name) and os.path.isdir(label_name)):
+
+            # extract files
+            if img_ext == '.tar':
+                img_dir = BASE_DIR + '/tmp/' + id_generator(40)
+                tar = tarfile.open(img_name)
+                tar.extractall(path=img_dir)
+                tar.close()
+                img_name = img_dir
+            if label_ext == '.tar':
+                label_dir = BASE_DIR + '/tmp/' + id_generator(40)
+                tar = tarfile.open(label_name)
+                tar.extractall(path=label_dir)
+                tar.close()
+                label_name = label_dir
+
+            for data_type in ['.am','.tif','.tiff','.hdr','.mhd','.mha','.nrrd','.nii','.nii.gz','.zip','.mrc']:
+                img_names += [file for file in glob.glob(img_name+'/**/*'+data_type, recursive=True) if not os.path.basename(file).startswith('.')]
+                label_names += [file for file in glob.glob(label_name+'/**/*'+data_type, recursive=True) if not os.path.basename(file).startswith('.')]
+            img_names = sorted(img_names)
+            label_names = sorted(label_names)
+            if len(img_names)==0 or len(label_names)==0 or len(img_names)!=len(label_names):
+                if img_ext == '.tar' and os.path.exists(img_name):
+                    shutil.rmtree(img_name)
+                if label_ext == '.tar' and os.path.exists(label_name):
+                    shutil.rmtree(label_name)
+                if len(img_names)!=len(label_names):
+                    InputError.message = 'Number of image and label files must be the same'
+                elif img_ext == '.tar':
+                    InputError.message = 'Invalid image TAR file'
+                elif label_ext == '.tar':
+                    InputError.message = 'Invalid label TAR file'
+                elif len(img_names)==0:
+                    InputError.message = 'Invalid image data'
+                else:
+                    InputError.message = 'Invalid label data'
+                raise InputError()
+        else:
+            img_names.append(img_name)
+            label_names.append(label_name)
+    return img_names, label_names
+
+def remove_extracted_data(img_list, label_list):
+    for img_name in img_list:
+        if BASE_DIR + '/tmp/' in img_name:
+            img_dir = img_name[:len(BASE_DIR + '/tmp/') + 40]
+            if os.path.exists(img_dir):
+                shutil.rmtree(img_dir)
+    for label_name in label_list:
+        if BASE_DIR + '/tmp/' in label_name:
+            label_dir = label_name[:len(BASE_DIR + '/tmp/') + 40]
+            if os.path.exists(label_dir):
+                shutil.rmtree(label_dir)
+
+def load_training_data(normalize, img_list, label_list, channels, x_scale, y_scale, z_scale, no_scaling,
+        crop_data, labels_to_compute, labels_to_remove, img_in=None, label_in=None,
+        normalization_parameters=None, allLabels=None, header=None, extension='.tif',
+        x_puffer=25, y_puffer=25, z_puffer=25):
+
+    # read image lists
+    if any(img_list):
+        img_names, label_names = read_img_list(img_list, label_list)
+        InputError.img_names = img_names
+        InputError.label_names = label_names
+
+    # load first label
+    if any(img_list):
+        label, header, extension = load_data(label_names[0], 'first_queue', True)
+        if label is None:
+            InputError.message = f'Invalid label data "{os.path.basename(label_names[0])}"'
+            raise InputError()
+    elif type(label_in) is list:
+        label = label_in[0]
+    else:
+        label = label_in
+    label_dim = label.shape
+    label = set_labels_to_zero(label, labels_to_compute, labels_to_remove)
+    label_values, counts = np.unique(label, return_counts=True)
+    print(f'{os.path.basename(label_names[0])}:', 'Labels:', label_values[1:], 'Sizes:', counts[1:])
+    if crop_data:
+        argmin_z,argmax_z,argmin_y,argmax_y,argmin_x,argmax_x = predict_blocksize(label, x_puffer, y_puffer, z_puffer)
+        label = np.copy(label[argmin_z:argmax_z,argmin_y:argmax_y,argmin_x:argmax_x], order='C')
+    if not no_scaling:
+        label = img_resize(label, z_scale, y_scale, x_scale, labels=True)
+
+    # if header is not single data stream Amira Mesh falling back to Multi-TIFF
+    if extension != '.am':
+        if extension != '.tif':
+            print(f'Warning! Please use -hf or --header_file="path_to_training_label{extension}" for prediction to save your result as "{extension}"')
+        extension, header = '.tif', None
+    elif len(header) > 1:
+        print('Warning! Multiple data streams are not supported. Falling back to TIFF.')
+        extension, header = '.tif', None
+    else:
+        header = header[0]
+
+    # load first img
+    if any(img_list):
+        img, _ = load_data(img_names[0], 'first_queue')
+        if img is None:
+            InputError.message = f'Invalid image data "{os.path.basename(img_names[0])}"'
+            raise InputError()
+    elif type(img_in) is list:
+        img = img_in[0]
+    else:
+        img = img_in
+    if label_dim != img.shape:
+        InputError.message = f'Dimensions of "{os.path.basename(img_names[0])}" and "{os.path.basename(label_names[0])}" do not match'
+        raise InputError()
+
+    # ensure images have channels >=1
+    if len(img.shape)==3:
+        z_shape, y_shape, x_shape = img.shape
+        img = img.reshape(z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, 1)
+    if channels is None:
+        channels = img.shape[3]
+    if channels != img.shape[3]:
+        InputError.message = f'Number of channels must be {channels} for "{os.path.basename(img_names[0])}"'
+        raise InputError()
+
+    # crop data
+    if crop_data:
+        img = np.copy(img[argmin_z:argmax_z,argmin_y:argmax_y,argmin_x:argmax_x], order='C')
+
+    # scale/resize image data
+    img = img.astype(np.float32)
+    if not no_scaling:
+        img = img_resize(img, z_scale, y_scale, x_scale)
+
+    # normalize image data
+    for c in range(channels):
+        img[:,:,:,c] -= np.amin(img[:,:,:,c])
+        img[:,:,:,c] /= np.amax(img[:,:,:,c])
+        if normalization_parameters is None:
+            normalization_parameters = np.zeros((2,channels))
+            normalization_parameters[0,c] = np.mean(img[:,:,:,c])
+            normalization_parameters[1,c] = np.std(img[:,:,:,c])
+        elif normalize:
+            mean, std = np.mean(img[:,:,:,c]), np.std(img[:,:,:,c])
+            img[:,:,:,c] = (img[:,:,:,c] - mean) / std
+            img[:,:,:,c] = img[:,:,:,c] * normalization_parameters[1,c] + normalization_parameters[0,c]
+
+    # loop over list of images
+    if any(img_list) or type(img_in) is list:
+        number_of_images = len(img_names) if any(img_list) else len(img_in)
+
+        for k in range(1, number_of_images):
+
+            # append label
+            if any(label_list):
+                a, _ = load_data(label_names[k], 'first_queue')
+                if a is None:
+                    InputError.message = f'Invalid label data "{os.path.basename(label_names[k])}"'
+                    raise InputError()
+            else:
+                a = label_in[k]
+            label_dim = a.shape
+            a = set_labels_to_zero(a, labels_to_compute, labels_to_remove)
+            label_values, counts = np.unique(a, return_counts=True)
+            print(f'{os.path.basename(label_names[k])}:', 'Labels:', label_values[1:], 'Sizes:', counts[1:])
+            if crop_data:
+                argmin_z,argmax_z,argmin_y,argmax_y,argmin_x,argmax_x = predict_blocksize(a, x_puffer, y_puffer, z_puffer)
+                a = np.copy(a[argmin_z:argmax_z,argmin_y:argmax_y,argmin_x:argmax_x], order='C')
+            if not no_scaling:
+                a = img_resize(a, z_scale, y_scale, x_scale, labels=True)
+            label = np.append(label, a, axis=0)
+
+            # append image
+            if any(img_list):
+                a, _ = load_data(img_names[k], 'first_queue')
+                if a is None:
+                    InputError.message = f'Invalid image data "{os.path.basename(img_names[k])}"'
+                    raise InputError()
+            else:
+                a = img_in[k]
+            if label_dim != a.shape:
+                InputError.message = f'Dimensions of "{os.path.basename(img_names[k])}" and "{os.path.basename(label_names[k])}" do not match'
+                raise InputError()
+            if len(a.shape)==3:
+                z_shape, y_shape, x_shape = a.shape
+                a = a.reshape(z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, 1)
+            if a.shape[3] != channels:
+                InputError.message = f'Number of channels must be {channels} for "{os.path.basename(img_names[k])}"'
+                raise InputError()
+            if crop_data:
+                a = np.copy(a[argmin_z:argmax_z,argmin_y:argmax_y,argmin_x:argmax_x], order='C')
+            a = a.astype(np.float32)
+            if not no_scaling:
+                a = img_resize(a, z_scale, y_scale, x_scale)
+            for c in range(channels):
+                a[:,:,:,c] -= np.amin(a[:,:,:,c])
+                a[:,:,:,c] /= np.amax(a[:,:,:,c])
+                if normalize:
+                    mean, std = np.mean(a[:,:,:,c]), np.std(a[:,:,:,c])
+                    a[:,:,:,c] = (a[:,:,:,c] - mean) / std
+                    a[:,:,:,c] = a[:,:,:,c] * normalization_parameters[1,c] + normalization_parameters[0,c]
+            img = np.append(img, a, axis=0)
+
+    # remove extracted data
+    if any(img_list):
+        remove_extracted_data(img_names, label_names)
+
+    # limit intensity range
+    img[img<0] = 0
+    img[img>1] = 1
+
+    # get labels
+    if allLabels is None:
+        allLabels = np.unique(label)
+
+    # labels must be in ascending order
+    for k, l in enumerate(allLabels):
+        label[label==l] = k
+
+    return img, label, allLabels, normalization_parameters, header, extension, channels
+
+class CustomCallback(Callback):
+    def __init__(self, id, epochs):
+        self.epochs = epochs
+        self.id = id
+
+    def on_epoch_begin(self, batch, logs={}):
+        self.epoch_time_start = time.time()
+
+    def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs=None):
+        import django
+        django.setup()
+        from biomedisa_app.models import Upload
+        image = Upload.objects.get(pk=self.id)
+        if image.status == 3:
+            self.model.stop_training = True
+        else:
+            keys = list(logs.keys())
+            percentage = round((int(epoch)+1)*100/float(self.epochs))
+            t = round(time.time() - self.epoch_time_start) * (self.epochs-int(epoch)-1)
+            if t < 3600:
+                time_remaining = str(t // 60) + 'min'
+            else:
+                time_remaining = str(t // 3600) + 'h ' + str((t % 3600) // 60) + 'min'
+            try:
+                val_accuracy = round(float(logs["val_accuracy"])*100,1)
+                image.message = 'Progress {}%, {} remaining, {}% accuracy'.format(percentage,time_remaining,val_accuracy)
+            except KeyError:
+                image.message = 'Progress {}%, {} remaining'.format(percentage,time_remaining)
+            image.save()
+            print("Start epoch {} of training; got log keys: {}".format(epoch, keys))
+
+class MetaData(Callback):
+    def __init__(self, path_to_model, configuration_data, allLabels,
+        extension, header, crop_data, cropping_weights, cropping_config,
+        normalization_parameters, cropping_norm):
+
+        self.path_to_model = path_to_model
+        self.configuration_data = configuration_data
+        self.normalization_parameters = normalization_parameters
+        self.allLabels = allLabels
+        self.extension = extension
+        self.header = header
+        self.crop_data = crop_data
+        self.cropping_weights = cropping_weights
+        self.cropping_config = cropping_config
+        self.cropping_norm = cropping_norm
+
+    def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs={}):
+        hf = h5py.File(self.path_to_model, 'r')
+        if not '/meta' in hf:
+            hf.close()
+            hf = h5py.File(self.path_to_model, 'r+')
+            group = hf.create_group('meta')
+            group.create_dataset('configuration', data=self.configuration_data)
+            group.create_dataset('normalization', data=self.normalization_parameters)
+            group.create_dataset('labels', data=self.allLabels)
+            if self.extension == '.am':
+                group.create_dataset('extension', data=self.extension)
+                group.create_dataset('header', data=self.header)
+            if self.crop_data:
+                cm_group = hf.create_group('cropping_meta')
+                cm_group.create_dataset('configuration', data=self.cropping_config)
+                cm_group.create_dataset('normalization', data=self.cropping_norm)
+                cw_group = hf.create_group('cropping_weights')
+                for iterator, arr in enumerate(self.cropping_weights):
+                    cw_group.create_dataset(str(iterator), data=arr)
+        hf.close()
+
+class Metrics(Callback):
+    def __init__(self, bm, img, label, list_IDs, dim_img, n_classes, train):
+        self.dim_patch = (bm.z_patch, bm.y_patch, bm.x_patch)
+        self.dim_img = dim_img
+        self.list_IDs = list_IDs
+        self.batch_size = bm.batch_size
+        self.label = label
+        self.img = img
+        self.path_to_model = bm.path_to_model
+        self.early_stopping = bm.early_stopping
+        self.validation_freq = bm.validation_freq
+        self.n_classes = n_classes
+        self.n_channels = bm.channels
+        self.average_dice = bm.average_dice
+        self.django_env = bm.django_env
+        self.patch_normalization = bm.patch_normalization
+        self.train = train
+        self.train_dice = bm.train_dice
+
+    def on_train_begin(self, logs={}):
+        self.history = {}
+        self.history['val_accuracy'] = []
+        self.history['accuracy'] = []
+        self.history['val_dice'] = []
+        self.history['dice'] = []
+        self.history['val_loss'] = []
+        self.history['loss'] = []
+
+    def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs={}):
+        if epoch % self.validation_freq == 0:
+
+            result = np.zeros((*self.dim_img, self.n_classes), dtype=np.float32)
+
+            len_IDs = len(self.list_IDs)
+            n_batches = int(np.floor(len_IDs / self.batch_size))
+            np.random.shuffle(self.list_IDs)
+
+            for batch in range(n_batches):
+                # Generate indexes of the batch
+                list_IDs_batch = self.list_IDs[batch*self.batch_size:(batch+1)*self.batch_size]
+
+                # Initialization
+                X_val = np.empty((self.batch_size, *self.dim_patch, self.n_channels), dtype=np.float32)
+
+                # Generate data
+                for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs_batch):
+
+                    # get patch indices
+                    k = ID // (self.dim_img[1]*self.dim_img[2])
+                    rest = ID % (self.dim_img[1]*self.dim_img[2])
+                    l = rest // self.dim_img[2]
+                    m = rest % self.dim_img[2]
+                    tmp_X = self.img[k:k+self.dim_patch[0],l:l+self.dim_patch[1],m:m+self.dim_patch[2]]
+                    if self.patch_normalization:
+                        tmp_X = np.copy(tmp_X, order='C')
+                        for c in range(self.n_channels):
+                            tmp_X[:,:,:,c] -= np.mean(tmp_X[:,:,:,c])
+                            tmp_X[:,:,:,c] /= max(np.std(tmp_X[:,:,:,c]), 1e-6)
+                    X_val[i] = tmp_X
+
+                # Prediction segmentation
+                y_predict = np.asarray(self.model.predict(X_val, verbose=0, steps=None, batch_size=self.batch_size))
+
+                for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs_batch):
+
+                    # get patch indices
+                    k = ID // (self.dim_img[1]*self.dim_img[2])
+                    rest = ID % (self.dim_img[1]*self.dim_img[2])
+                    l = rest // self.dim_img[2]
+                    m = rest % self.dim_img[2]
+                    result[k:k+self.dim_patch[0],l:l+self.dim_patch[1],m:m+self.dim_patch[2]] += y_predict[i]
+
+            # calculate categorical crossentropy
+            if not self.train:
+                crossentropy = categorical_crossentropy(self.label, softmax(result))
+
+            # get result
+            result = np.argmax(result, axis=-1)
+            result = result.astype(np.uint8)
+
+            # calculate standard accuracy
+            if not self.train:
+                accuracy = np.sum(self.label==result) / float(self.label.size)
+
+            # calculate dice score
+            if self.average_dice:
+                dice = 0
+                for l in range(1, self.n_classes):
+                    dice += 2 * np.logical_and(self.label==l, result==l).sum() / float((self.label==l).sum() + (result==l).sum())
+                dice /= float(self.n_classes-1)
+            else:
+                dice = 2 * np.logical_and(self.label==result, (self.label+result)>0).sum() / \
+                       float((self.label>0).sum() + (result>0).sum())
+
+            if self.train:
+                logs['dice'] = dice
+            else:
+                # save best model only
+                if epoch == 0 or round(dice,4) > max(self.history['val_dice']):
+                    self.model.save(str(self.path_to_model))
+
+                # add accuracy to history
+                self.history['loss'].append(round(logs['loss'],4))
+                self.history['accuracy'].append(round(logs['accuracy'],4))
+                if self.train_dice:
+                    self.history['dice'].append(round(logs['dice'],4))
+                self.history['val_accuracy'].append(round(accuracy,4))
+                self.history['val_dice'].append(round(dice,4))
+                self.history['val_loss'].append(round(crossentropy,4))
+
+                # tensorflow monitoring variables
+                logs['val_loss'] = crossentropy
+                logs['val_accuracy'] = accuracy
+                logs['val_dice'] = dice
+                logs['best_acc'] = max(self.history['accuracy'])
+                if self.train_dice:
+                    logs['best_dice'] = max(self.history['dice'])
+                logs['best_val_acc'] = max(self.history['val_accuracy'])
+                logs['best_val_dice'] = max(self.history['val_dice'])
+
+                # plot history in figure and save as numpy array
+                save_history(self.history, self.path_to_model, True, self.train_dice)
+
+                # print accuracies
+                print('\nValidation history:')
+                print('train_acc:', self.history['accuracy'])
+                if self.train_dice:
+                    print('train_dice:', self.history['dice'])
+                print('val_acc:', self.history['val_accuracy'])
+                print('val_dice:', self.history['val_dice'])
+                print('')
+
+                # early stopping
+                if self.early_stopping > 0 and max(self.history['val_dice']) not in self.history['val_dice'][-self.early_stopping:]:
+                    self.model.stop_training = True
+
+def softmax(x):
+    # Avoiding numerical instability by subtracting the maximum value
+    exp_values = np.exp(x - np.max(x, axis=-1, keepdims=True))
+    probabilities = exp_values / np.sum(exp_values, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
+    return probabilities
+
+@numba.jit(nopython=True)
+def categorical_crossentropy(true_labels, predicted_probs):
+    # Clip predicted probabilities to avoid log(0) issues
+    predicted_probs = np.clip(predicted_probs, 1e-7, 1 - 1e-7)
+    predicted_probs = -np.log(predicted_probs)
+    zsh,ysh,xsh = true_labels.shape
+    # Calculate categorical crossentropy
+    loss = 0
+    for z in range(zsh):
+        for y in range(ysh):
+            for x in range(xsh):
+                l = true_labels[z,y,x]
+                loss += predicted_probs[z,y,x,l]
+    loss = loss / float(zsh*ysh*xsh)
+    return loss
+
+def dice_coef(y_true, y_pred, smooth=1e-5):
+    intersection = K.sum(Multiply()([y_true, y_pred]))
+    dice = (2. * intersection + smooth) / (K.sum(y_true) + K.sum(y_pred) + smooth)
+    return dice
+
+def dice_coef_loss(nb_labels):
+    #y_pred_f = K.argmax(y_pred, axis=-1)
+    #y_pred_f = K.cast(y_pred_f,'float32')
+    #dice_coef(y_true[:,:,:,:,1], y_pred[:,:,:,:,1] * y_pred_f)
+    def loss_fn(y_true, y_pred):
+        dice = 0
+        for index in range(1,nb_labels):
+            dice += dice_coef(y_true[:,:,:,:,index], y_pred[:,:,:,:,index])
+        dice = dice / (nb_labels-1)
+        loss = -K.log(dice)
+        #loss = 1 - dice
+        return loss
+    return loss_fn
+
+def train_semantic_segmentation(bm,
+    img_list, label_list,
+    val_img_list, val_label_list,
+    img=None, label=None,
+    img_val=None, label_val=None,
+    header=None, extension='.tif'):
+
+    # training data
+    img, label, allLabels, normalization_parameters, header, extension, bm.channels = load_training_data(bm.normalize,
+                    img_list, label_list, None, bm.x_scale, bm.y_scale, bm.z_scale, bm.no_scaling, bm.crop_data,
+                    bm.only, bm.ignore, img, label, None, None, header, extension)
+
+    # configuration data
+    configuration_data = np.array([bm.channels, bm.x_scale, bm.y_scale, bm.z_scale, bm.normalize, 0, 1])
+
+    # img shape
+    zsh, ysh, xsh, _ = img.shape
+
+    # validation data
+    if any(val_img_list) or img_val is not None:
+        img_val, label_val, _, _, _, _, _ = load_training_data(bm.normalize,
+                    val_img_list, val_label_list, bm.channels, bm.x_scale, bm.y_scale, bm.z_scale, bm.no_scaling, bm.crop_data,
+                    bm.only, bm.ignore, img_val, label_val, normalization_parameters, allLabels)
+
+    elif bm.validation_split:
+        split = round(zsh * bm.validation_split)
+        img_val = np.copy(img[split:], order='C')
+        label_val = np.copy(label[split:], order='C')
+        img = np.copy(img[:split], order='C')
+        label = np.copy(label[:split], order='C')
+        zsh, ysh, xsh, _ = img.shape
+
+    # list of IDs
+    list_IDs_fg, list_IDs_bg = [], []
+
+    # get IDs of patches
+    if bm.balance:
+        for k in range(0, zsh-bm.z_patch+1, bm.stride_size):
+            for l in range(0, ysh-bm.y_patch+1, bm.stride_size):
+                for m in range(0, xsh-bm.x_patch+1, bm.stride_size):
+                    if np.any(label[k:k+bm.z_patch, l:l+bm.y_patch, m:m+bm.x_patch]):
+                        list_IDs_fg.append(k*ysh*xsh+l*xsh+m)
+                    else:
+                        list_IDs_bg.append(k*ysh*xsh+l*xsh+m)
+    else:
+        for k in range(0, zsh-bm.z_patch+1, bm.stride_size):
+            for l in range(0, ysh-bm.y_patch+1, bm.stride_size):
+                for m in range(0, xsh-bm.x_patch+1, bm.stride_size):
+                    list_IDs_fg.append(k*ysh*xsh+l*xsh+m)
+
+    if img_val is not None:
+
+        # img_val shape
+        zsh_val, ysh_val, xsh_val, _ = img_val.shape
+
+        # list of validation IDs
+        list_IDs_val_fg, list_IDs_val_bg = [], []
+
+        # get validation IDs of patches
+        if bm.balance and not bm.val_dice:
+            for k in range(0, zsh_val-bm.z_patch+1, bm.validation_stride_size):
+                for l in range(0, ysh_val-bm.y_patch+1, bm.validation_stride_size):
+                    for m in range(0, xsh_val-bm.x_patch+1, bm.validation_stride_size):
+                        if np.any(label_val[k:k+bm.z_patch, l:l+bm.y_patch, m:m+bm.x_patch]):
+                            list_IDs_val_fg.append(k*ysh_val*xsh_val+l*xsh_val+m)
+                        else:
+                            list_IDs_val_bg.append(k*ysh_val*xsh_val+l*xsh_val+m)
+        else:
+            for k in range(0, zsh_val-bm.z_patch+1, bm.validation_stride_size):
+                for l in range(0, ysh_val-bm.y_patch+1, bm.validation_stride_size):
+                    for m in range(0, xsh_val-bm.x_patch+1, bm.validation_stride_size):
+                        list_IDs_val_fg.append(k*ysh_val*xsh_val+l*xsh_val+m)
+
+    # number of labels
+    nb_labels = len(allLabels)
+
+    # input shape
+    input_shape = (bm.z_patch, bm.y_patch, bm.x_patch, bm.channels)
+
+    # parameters
+    params = {'batch_size': bm.batch_size,
+              'dim': (bm.z_patch, bm.y_patch, bm.x_patch),
+              'dim_img': (zsh, ysh, xsh),
+              'n_classes': nb_labels,
+              'n_channels': bm.channels,
+              'augment': (bm.flip_x, bm.flip_y, bm.flip_z, bm.swapaxes, bm.rotate),
+              'patch_normalization': bm.patch_normalization}
+
+    # data generator
+    validation_generator = None
+    training_generator = DataGenerator(img, label, list_IDs_fg, list_IDs_bg, True, True, False, **params)
+    if img_val is not None:
+        if bm.val_dice:
+            val_metrics = Metrics(bm, img_val, label_val, list_IDs_val_fg, (zsh_val, ysh_val, xsh_val), nb_labels, False)
+        else:
+            params['dim_img'] = (zsh_val, ysh_val, xsh_val)
+            params['augment'] = (False, False, False, False, 0)
+            validation_generator = DataGenerator(img_val, label_val, list_IDs_val_fg, list_IDs_val_bg, True, False, False, **params)
+
+    # monitor dice score on training data
+    if bm.train_dice:
+        train_metrics = Metrics(bm, img, label, list_IDs_fg, (zsh, ysh, xsh), nb_labels, True)
+
+    # create a MirroredStrategy
+    cdo = tf.distribute.ReductionToOneDevice()
+    strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy(cross_device_ops=cdo)
+    ngpus = int(strategy.num_replicas_in_sync)
+    print(f'Number of devices: {ngpus}')
+    if ngpus == 1 and os.name == 'nt':
+        atexit.register(strategy._extended._collective_ops._pool.close)
+
+    # compile model
+    with strategy.scope():
+
+        # build model
+        model = make_unet(input_shape, nb_labels, bm.network_filters, bm.resnet)
+        model.summary()
+
+        # pretrained model
+        if bm.pretrained_model:
+            model_pretrained = load_model(bm.pretrained_model)
+            model.set_weights(model_pretrained.get_weights())
+            if not bm.fine_tune:
+                nb_blocks = len(bm.network_filters.split('-'))
+                for k in range(nb_blocks+1, 2*nb_blocks):
+                    for l in [1,2]:
+                        name = f'conv_{k}_{l}'
+                        layer = model.get_layer(name)
+                        layer.trainable = False
+                name = f'conv_{2*nb_blocks}_1'
+                layer = model.get_layer(name)
+                layer.trainable = False
+
+        # optimizer
+        sgd = SGD(learning_rate=bm.learning_rate, decay=1e-6, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True)
+
+        # comile model
+        loss=dice_coef_loss(nb_labels) if bm.dice_loss else 'categorical_crossentropy'
+        model.compile(loss=loss,
+                      optimizer=sgd,
+                      metrics=['accuracy'])
+
+    # save meta data
+    meta_data = MetaData(bm.path_to_model, configuration_data, allLabels,
+        extension, header, bm.crop_data, bm.cropping_weights, bm.cropping_config,
+        normalization_parameters, bm.cropping_norm)
+
+    # model checkpoint
+    if img_val is not None:
+        if bm.val_dice:
+            callbacks = [val_metrics, meta_data]
+        else:
+            model_checkpoint_callback = ModelCheckpoint(
+                filepath=str(bm.path_to_model),
+                save_weights_only=False,
+                monitor='val_accuracy',
+                mode='max',
+                save_best_only=True)
+            callbacks = [model_checkpoint_callback, meta_data]
+            if bm.early_stopping > 0:
+                callbacks.insert(0, EarlyStopping(monitor='val_accuracy', mode='max', patience=bm.early_stopping))
+    else:
+        callbacks = [ModelCheckpoint(filepath=str(bm.path_to_model)), meta_data]
+
+    # monitor dice score on training data
+    if bm.train_dice:
+        callbacks = [train_metrics] + callbacks
+
+    # custom callback
+    if bm.django_env and not bm.remote:
+        callbacks.insert(-1, CustomCallback(bm.img_id, bm.epochs))
+
+    # train model
+    history = model.fit(training_generator,
+              epochs=bm.epochs,
+              validation_data=validation_generator,
+              callbacks=callbacks,
+              workers=bm.workers)
+
+    # save monitoring figure on train end
+    if img_val is not None and not bm.val_dice:
+        save_history(history.history, bm.path_to_model, False, bm.train_dice)
+
+def load_prediction_data(path_to_img, channels, x_scale, y_scale, z_scale,
+                        no_scaling, normalize, normalization_parameters, region_of_interest,
+                        img, img_header):
+    # read image data
+    if img is None:
+        img, img_header = load_data(path_to_img, 'first_queue')
+        InputError.img_names = [path_to_img]
+        InputError.label_names = []
+
+    # verify validity
+    if img is None:
+        InputError.message = f'Invalid image data: {os.path.basename(path_to_img)}.'
+        raise InputError()
+
+    # preserve original image data
+    img_data = img.copy()
+
+    # handle all images having channels >=1
+    if len(img.shape)==3:
+        z_shape, y_shape, x_shape = img.shape
+        img = img.reshape(z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, 1)
+    if img.shape[3] != channels:
+        InputError.message = f'Number of channels must be {channels}.'
+        raise InputError()
+
+    # image shape
+    z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, _ = img.shape
+
+    # automatic cropping of image to region of interest
+    if np.any(region_of_interest):
+        min_z, max_z, min_y, max_y, min_x, max_x = region_of_interest[:]
+        img = np.copy(img[min_z:max_z,min_y:max_y,min_x:max_x], order='C')
+        region_of_interest = np.array([min_z,max_z,min_y,max_y,min_x,max_x,z_shape,y_shape,x_shape])
+        z_shape, y_shape, x_shape = max_z-min_z, max_y-min_y, max_x-min_x
+
+    # scale/resize image data
+    img = img.astype(np.float32)
+    if not no_scaling:
+        img = img_resize(img, z_scale, y_scale, x_scale)
+
+    # normalize image data
+    for c in range(channels):
+        img[:,:,:,c] -= np.amin(img[:,:,:,c])
+        img[:,:,:,c] /= np.amax(img[:,:,:,c])
+        if normalize:
+            mean, std = np.mean(img[:,:,:,c]), np.std(img[:,:,:,c])
+            img[:,:,:,c] = (img[:,:,:,c] - mean) / std
+            img[:,:,:,c] = img[:,:,:,c] * normalization_parameters[1,c] + normalization_parameters[0,c]
+
+    # limit intensity range
+    if normalize:
+        img[img<0] = 0
+        img[img>1] = 1
+
+    return img, img_header, z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, region_of_interest, img_data
+
+def predict_semantic_segmentation(bm, img, path_to_model,
+    z_patch, y_patch, x_patch, z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, compress, header,
+    img_header, stride_size, allLabels, batch_size, region_of_interest,
+    no_scaling, extension, img_data):
+
+    results = {}
+
+    # img shape
+    zsh, ysh, xsh, csh = img.shape
+
+    # number of labels
+    nb_labels = len(allLabels)
+
+    # list of IDs
+    list_IDs = []
+
+    # get Ids of patches
+    for k in range(0, zsh-z_patch+1, stride_size):
+        for l in range(0, ysh-y_patch+1, stride_size):
+            for m in range(0, xsh-x_patch+1, stride_size):
+                list_IDs.append(k*ysh*xsh+l*xsh+m)
+
+    # make length of list divisible by batch size
+    rest = batch_size - (len(list_IDs) % batch_size)
+    list_IDs = list_IDs + list_IDs[:rest]
+
+    # number of patches
+    nb_patches = len(list_IDs)
+
+    # parameters
+    params = {'dim': (z_patch, y_patch, x_patch),
+              'dim_img': (zsh, ysh, xsh),
+              'batch_size': batch_size,
+              'n_channels': csh,
+              'patch_normalization': bm.patch_normalization}
+
+    # data generator
+    predict_generator = PredictDataGenerator(img, list_IDs, **params)
+
+    # load model
+    model = load_model(str(path_to_model))
+
+    # predict
+    if nb_patches < 400:
+        probabilities = model.predict(predict_generator, verbose=0, steps=None)
+    else:
+        X = np.empty((batch_size, z_patch, y_patch, x_patch, csh), dtype=np.float32)
+        probabilities = np.zeros((nb_patches, z_patch, y_patch, x_patch, nb_labels), dtype=np.float32)
+
+        # get image patches
+        for step in range(nb_patches//batch_size):
+            for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs[step*batch_size:(step+1)*batch_size]):
+
+                # get patch indices
+                k = ID // (ysh*xsh)
+                rest = ID % (ysh*xsh)
+                l = rest // xsh
+                m = rest % xsh
+
+                # get patch
+                tmp_X = img[k:k+z_patch,l:l+y_patch,m:m+x_patch]
+                if bm.patch_normalization:
+                    tmp_X = np.copy(tmp_X, order='C')
+                    for c in range(csh):
+                        tmp_X[:,:,:,c] -= np.mean(tmp_X[:,:,:,c])
+                        tmp_X[:,:,:,c] /= max(np.std(tmp_X[:,:,:,c]), 1e-6)
+                X[i] = tmp_X
+
+            probabilities[step*batch_size:(step+1)*batch_size] = model.predict(X, verbose=0, steps=None, batch_size=batch_size)
+
+    # create final
+    final = np.zeros((zsh, ysh, xsh, nb_labels), dtype=np.float32)
+    if bm.return_probs:
+        counter = np.zeros((zsh, ysh, xsh, nb_labels), dtype=np.float32)
+    nb = 0
+    for k in range(0, zsh-z_patch+1, stride_size):
+        for l in range(0, ysh-y_patch+1, stride_size):
+            for m in range(0, xsh-x_patch+1, stride_size):
+                final[k:k+z_patch, l:l+y_patch, m:m+x_patch] += probabilities[nb]
+                if bm.return_probs:
+                    counter[k:k+z_patch, l:l+y_patch, m:m+x_patch] += 1
+                nb += 1
+
+    # return probabilities
+    if bm.return_probs:
+        counter[counter==0] = 1
+        probabilities = final / counter
+        if not no_scaling:
+            probabilities = img_resize(probabilities, z_shape, y_shape, x_shape)
+        if np.any(region_of_interest):
+            min_z,max_z,min_y,max_y,min_x,max_x,original_zsh,original_ysh,original_xsh = region_of_interest[:]
+            tmp = np.zeros((original_zsh, original_ysh, original_xsh, nb_labels), dtype=np.float32)
+            tmp[min_z:max_z,min_y:max_y,min_x:max_x] = probabilities
+            probabilities = np.copy(tmp, order='C')
+        results['probs'] = probabilities
+
+    # get final
+    label = np.argmax(final, axis=3)
+    label = label.astype(np.uint8)
+
+    # rescale final to input size
+    if not no_scaling:
+        label = img_resize(label, z_shape, y_shape, x_shape, labels=True)
+
+    # revert automatic cropping
+    if np.any(region_of_interest):
+        min_z,max_z,min_y,max_y,min_x,max_x,original_zsh,original_ysh,original_xsh = region_of_interest[:]
+        tmp = np.zeros((original_zsh, original_ysh, original_xsh), dtype=np.uint8)
+        tmp[min_z:max_z,min_y:max_y,min_x:max_x] = label
+        label = np.copy(tmp, order='C')
+
+    # get result
+    label = get_labels(label, allLabels)
+    results['regular'] = label
+
+    # load header from file
+    if bm.header_file and os.path.exists(bm.header_file):
+        _, header = load_data(bm.header_file)
+        # update file extension
+        if header is not None and bm.path_to_image:
+            extension = os.path.splitext(bm.header_file)[1]
+            if extension == '.gz':
+                extension = '.nii.gz'
+            bm.path_to_final = os.path.splitext(bm.path_to_final)[0] + extension
+            if bm.django_env and not bm.remote and not bm.tmp_dir:
+                from biomedisa_app.views import unique_file_path
+                bm.path_to_final = unique_file_path(bm.path_to_final)
+
+    # handle amira header
+    if header is not None:
+        if extension == '.am':
+            header = get_image_dimensions(header[0], label)
+            if img_header is not None:
+                try:
+                    header = get_physical_size(header, img_header[0])
+                except:
+                    pass
+            header = [header]
+        else:
+            # build new header
+            if img_header is None:
+                zsh, ysh, xsh = label.shape
+                img_header = sitk.Image(xsh, ysh, zsh, header.GetPixelID())
+            # copy metadata
+            for key in header.GetMetaDataKeys():
+                if not (re.match(r'Segment\d+_Extent$', key) or key=='Segmentation_ConversionParameters'):
+                    img_header.SetMetaData(key, header.GetMetaData(key))
+            header = img_header
+    results['header'] = header
+
+    # save result
+    if bm.path_to_image:
+        save_data(bm.path_to_final, label, header=header, compress=compress)
+
+        # paths to optional results
+        filename, extension = os.path.splitext(bm.path_to_final)
+        if extension == '.gz':
+            extension = '.nii.gz'
+            filename = filename[:-4]
+        path_to_cleaned = filename + '.cleaned' + extension
+        path_to_filled = filename + '.filled' + extension
+        path_to_cleaned_filled = filename + '.cleaned.filled' + extension
+        path_to_refined = filename + '.refined' + extension
+        path_to_acwe = filename + '.acwe' + extension
+
+    # remove outliers
+    if bm.clean:
+        cleaned_result = clean(label, bm.clean)
+        results['cleaned'] = cleaned_result
+        if bm.path_to_image:
+            save_data(path_to_cleaned, cleaned_result, header=header, compress=compress)
+    if bm.fill:
+        filled_result = clean(label, bm.fill)
+        results['filled'] = filled_result
+        if bm.path_to_image:
+            save_data(path_to_filled, filled_result, header=header, compress=compress)
+    if bm.clean and bm.fill:
+        cleaned_filled_result = cleaned_result + (filled_result - label)
+        results['cleaned_filled'] = cleaned_filled_result
+        if bm.path_to_image:
+            save_data(path_to_cleaned_filled, cleaned_filled_result, header=header, compress=compress)
+
+    # post-processing with active contour
+    if bm.acwe:
+        acwe_result = activeContour(img_data, label, bm.acwe_alpha, bm.acwe_smooth, bm.acwe_steps)
+        refined_result = activeContour(img_data, label, simple=True)
+        results['acwe'] = acwe_result
+        results['refined'] = refined_result
+        if bm.path_to_image:
+            save_data(path_to_acwe, acwe_result, header=header, compress=compress)
+            save_data(path_to_refined, refined_result, header=header, compress=compress)
+
+    return results, bm
+