autogluon.timeseries 1.4.1b20251115__py3-none-any.whl → 1.4.1b20251218__py3-none-any.whl

autogluon/timeseries/models/ensemble/weighted/basic.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -8,14 +8,20 @@ from .abstract import AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel
 
 
 class SimpleAverageEnsemble(AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel):
-    """Constructs a weighted ensemble using a simple average of the constituent models' predictions."""
+    """Simple ensemble that assigns equal weights to all base models for uniform averaging.
+
+    This ensemble computes predictions as the arithmetic mean of all base model forecasts,
+    giving each model equal influence. Simple averaging is robust and often performs well when base
+    models have similar accuracy levels or when validation data is insufficient to reliably
+    estimate performance differences.
+    """
 
     def _fit(
         self,
         predictions_per_window: dict[str, list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]],
         data_per_window: list[TimeSeriesDataFrame],
-        model_scores: Optional[dict[str, float]] = None,
-        time_limit: Optional[float] = None,
+        model_scores: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+        time_limit: float | None = None,
     ):
         self.model_to_weight = {}
         num_models = len(predictions_per_window)
@@ -24,16 +30,23 @@ class SimpleAverageEnsemble(AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel):
 
 
 class PerformanceWeightedEnsemble(AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel):
-    """Constructs a weighted ensemble, where the weights are assigned in proportion to the
-    (inverse) validation scores.
+    """Performance-based weighted ensemble that assigns weights proportional to validation scores.
+
+    This ensemble computes model weights based on their validation performance, giving higher
+    weights to better-performing models. The weighting scheme transforms validation scores
+    (higher is better) into ensemble weights using configurable transformation functions.
+
+    .. warning::
+        This ensemble method is deprecated and may be removed in a future version.
 
     Other Parameters
     ----------------
-    weight_scheme: Literal["sq", "inv", "loginv"], default = "loginv"
+    weight_scheme : Literal["sq", "inv", "sqrt"], default = "sqrt"
         Method used to compute the weights as a function of the validation scores.
-        - "sqrt" computes weights in proportion to `sqrt(1 / S)`. This is the default.
-        - "inv" computes weights in proportion to `(1 / S)`.
-        - "sq" computes the weights in proportion to `(1 / S)^2` as outlined in [PC2020]_.
+
+        - "sqrt" computes weights in proportion to ``sqrt(1 / S)``. This is the default.
+        - "inv" computes weights in proportion to ``(1 / S)``.
+        - "sq" computes the weights in proportion to ``(1 / S)^2`` as outlined in [PC2020]_.
 
     References
     ----------
@@ -49,12 +62,12 @@ class PerformanceWeightedEnsemble(AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel):
         self,
         predictions_per_window: dict[str, list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]],
         data_per_window: list[TimeSeriesDataFrame],
-        model_scores: Optional[dict[str, float]] = None,
-        time_limit: Optional[float] = None,
+        model_scores: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+        time_limit: float | None = None,
     ):
         assert model_scores is not None
 
-        weight_scheme = self.get_hyperparameters()["weight_scheme"]
+        weight_scheme = self.get_hyperparameter("weight_scheme")
 
         # drop NaNs
         model_scores = {k: v for k, v in model_scores.items() if np.isfinite(v)}

autogluon/timeseries/models/ensemble/weighted/greedy.py

@@ -1,156 +1,36 @@
-import copy
 import logging
 import pprint
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
-import numpy as np
-
-import autogluon.core as ag
-from autogluon.core.models.greedy_ensemble.ensemble_selection import EnsembleSelection
 from autogluon.timeseries import TimeSeriesDataFrame
-from autogluon.timeseries.metrics import TimeSeriesScorer
-from autogluon.timeseries.utils.datetime import get_seasonality
 
+from ..ensemble_selection import fit_time_series_ensemble_selection
 from .abstract import AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class TimeSeriesEnsembleSelection(EnsembleSelection):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        ensemble_size: int,
-        metric: TimeSeriesScorer,
-        problem_type: str = ag.constants.QUANTILE,
-        sorted_initialization: bool = False,
-        bagging: bool = False,
-        tie_breaker: str = "random",
-        random_state: Optional[np.random.RandomState] = None,
-        prediction_length: int = 1,
-        target: str = "target",
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
-        super().__init__(
-            ensemble_size=ensemble_size,
-            metric=metric,  # type: ignore
-            problem_type=problem_type,
-            sorted_initialization=sorted_initialization,
-            bagging=bagging,
-            tie_breaker=tie_breaker,
-            random_state=random_state,
-            **kwargs,
-        )
-        self.prediction_length = prediction_length
-        self.target = target
-        self.metric: TimeSeriesScorer
-
-        self.dummy_pred_per_window = []
-        self.scorer_per_window = []
-
-        self.dummy_pred_per_window: Optional[list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]]
-        self.scorer_per_window: Optional[list[TimeSeriesScorer]]
-        self.data_future_per_window: Optional[list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]]
-
-    def fit(  # type: ignore
-        self,
-        predictions: list[list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]],
-        labels: list[TimeSeriesDataFrame],
-        time_limit: Optional[float] = None,
-    ):
-        return super().fit(
-            predictions=predictions,  # type: ignore
-            labels=labels,  # type: ignore
-            time_limit=time_limit,
-        )
-
-    def _fit(  # type: ignore
-        self,
-        predictions: list[list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]],
-        labels: list[TimeSeriesDataFrame],
-        time_limit: Optional[float] = None,
-        sample_weight: Optional[list[float]] = None,
-    ):
-        # Stack predictions for each model into a 3d tensor of shape [num_val_windows, num_rows, num_cols]
-        stacked_predictions = [np.stack(preds) for preds in predictions]
-
-        self.dummy_pred_per_window = []
-        self.scorer_per_window = []
-        self.data_future_per_window = []
-
-        seasonal_period = self.metric.seasonal_period
-        if seasonal_period is None:
-            seasonal_period = get_seasonality(labels[0].freq)
-
-        for window_idx, data in enumerate(labels):
-            dummy_pred = copy.deepcopy(predictions[0][window_idx])
-            # This should never happen; sanity check to make sure that all predictions have the same index
-            assert all(dummy_pred.index.equals(pred[window_idx].index) for pred in predictions)
-            assert all(dummy_pred.columns.equals(pred[window_idx].columns) for pred in predictions)
-
-            self.dummy_pred_per_window.append(dummy_pred)
-
-            scorer = copy.deepcopy(self.metric)
-            # Split the observed time series once to avoid repeated computations inside the evaluator
-            data_past = data.slice_by_timestep(None, -self.prediction_length)
-            data_future = data.slice_by_timestep(-self.prediction_length, None)
-            scorer.save_past_metrics(data_past, target=self.target, seasonal_period=seasonal_period)
-            self.scorer_per_window.append(scorer)
-            self.data_future_per_window.append(data_future)
-
-        super()._fit(
-            predictions=stacked_predictions,
-            labels=data_future,  # type: ignore
-            time_limit=time_limit,
-        )
-        self.dummy_pred_per_window = None
-        self.evaluator_per_window = None
-        self.data_future_per_window = None
-
-    def _calculate_regret(  # type: ignore
-        self,
-        y_true,
-        y_pred_proba,
-        metric: TimeSeriesScorer,
-        sample_weight=None,
-    ):
-        # Compute average score across all validation windows
-        total_score = 0.0
-
-        assert self.data_future_per_window is not None
-        assert self.dummy_pred_per_window is not None
-        assert self.scorer_per_window is not None
-
-        for window_idx, data_future in enumerate(self.data_future_per_window):
-            dummy_pred = self.dummy_pred_per_window[window_idx]
-            dummy_pred[list(dummy_pred.columns)] = y_pred_proba[window_idx]
-            # We use scorer.compute_metric instead of scorer.score to avoid repeated calls to scorer.save_past_metrics
-            metric_value = self.scorer_per_window[window_idx].compute_metric(
-                data_future,
-                dummy_pred,
-                target=self.target,
-            )
-            total_score += metric.sign * metric_value
-        avg_score = total_score / len(self.data_future_per_window)
-        # score: higher is better, regret: lower is better, so we flip the sign
-        return -avg_score
-
-
 class GreedyEnsemble(AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel):
-    """Constructs a weighted ensemble using the greedy Ensemble Selection algorithm by
-    Caruana et al. [Car2004]
+    """Greedy ensemble selection algorithm that iteratively builds an ensemble by selecting models with
+    replacement.
+
+    This class implements the Ensemble Selection algorithm by Caruana et al. [Car2004]_, which starts
+    with an empty ensemble and repeatedly adds the model that most improves the ensemble's validation
+    performance. Models can be selected multiple times, allowing the algorithm to assign higher effective
+    weights to better-performing models.
 
     Other Parameters
     ----------------
-    ensemble_size: int, default = 100
+    ensemble_size : int, default = 100
         Number of models (with replacement) to include in the ensemble.
 
     References
     ----------
-    .. [Car2024] Caruana, Rich, et al. "Ensemble selection from libraries of models."
+    .. [Car2004] Caruana, Rich, et al. "Ensemble selection from libraries of models."
         Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning. 2004.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, name: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, name: str | None = None, **kwargs):
         if name is None:
             # FIXME: the name here is kept for backward compatibility. it will be called
             # GreedyEnsemble in v1.4 once ensemble choices are exposed
@@ -164,24 +44,19 @@ class GreedyEnsemble(AbstractWeightedTimeSeriesEnsembleModel):
         self,
         predictions_per_window: dict[str, list[TimeSeriesDataFrame]],
         data_per_window: list[TimeSeriesDataFrame],
-        model_scores: Optional[dict[str, float]] = None,
-        time_limit: Optional[float] = None,
+        model_scores: dict[str, float] | None = None,
+        time_limit: float | None = None,
     ):
-        ensemble_selection = TimeSeriesEnsembleSelection(
-            ensemble_size=self.get_hyperparameters()["ensemble_size"],
-            metric=self.eval_metric,
+        model_to_weight = fit_time_series_ensemble_selection(
+            data_per_window=data_per_window,
+            predictions_per_window=predictions_per_window,
+            ensemble_size=self.get_hyperparameter("ensemble_size"),
+            eval_metric=self.eval_metric,
             prediction_length=self.prediction_length,
             target=self.target,
-        )
-        ensemble_selection.fit(
-            predictions=list(predictions_per_window.values()),
-            labels=data_per_window,
             time_limit=time_limit,
         )
-        self.model_to_weight = {}
-        for model_name, weight in zip(predictions_per_window.keys(), ensemble_selection.weights_):
-            if weight != 0:
-                self.model_to_weight[model_name] = weight
+        self.model_to_weight = {model: weight for model, weight in model_to_weight.items() if weight > 0}
 
         weights_for_printing = {model: round(float(weight), 2) for model, weight in self.model_to_weight.items()}
         logger.info(f"\tEnsemble weights: {pprint.pformat(weights_for_printing, width=200)}")

autogluon/timeseries/models/gluonts/abstract.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import os
 import shutil
 from datetime import timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Type, Union, cast, overload
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Type, cast, overload
 
 import gluonts
 import gluonts.core.settings
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        freq: Optional[str] = None,
+        freq: str | None = None,
         prediction_length: int = 1,
-        path: Optional[str] = None,
-        name: Optional[str] = None,
-        eval_metric: Optional[str] = None,
-        hyperparameters: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        eval_metric: str | None = None,
+        hyperparameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         **kwargs,  # noqa
     ):
         super().__init__(
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
             hyperparameters=hyperparameters,
             **kwargs,
         )
-        self.gts_predictor: Optional[GluonTSPredictor] = None
-        self._ohe_generator_known: Optional[OneHotEncoder] = None
-        self._ohe_generator_past: Optional[OneHotEncoder] = None
+        self.gts_predictor: GluonTSPredictor | None = None
+        self._ohe_generator_known: OneHotEncoder | None = None
+        self._ohe_generator_past: OneHotEncoder | None = None
         self.callbacks = []
         # Following attributes may be overridden during fit() based on train_data & model parameters
         self.num_feat_static_cat = 0
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
         self.past_feat_dynamic_cat_cardinality: list[int] = []
         self.negative_data = True
 
-    def save(self, path: Optional[str] = None, verbose: bool = True) -> str:
+    def save(self, path: str | None = None, verbose: bool = True) -> str:
         # we flush callbacks instance variable if it has been set. it can keep weak references which breaks training
         self.callbacks = []
         # The GluonTS predictor is serialized using custom logic
@@ -153,18 +153,17 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
                 assert dataset.static_features is not None, (
                     "Static features must be provided if num_feat_static_cat > 0"
                 )
-                feat_static_cat = dataset.static_features[self.covariate_metadata.static_features_cat]
-                self.feat_static_cat_cardinality = feat_static_cat.nunique().tolist()
+                self.feat_static_cat_cardinality = list(self.covariate_metadata.static_cat_cardinality.values())
 
         disable_known_covariates = model_params.get("disable_known_covariates", False)
         if not disable_known_covariates and self.supports_known_covariates:
             self.num_feat_dynamic_cat = len(self.covariate_metadata.known_covariates_cat)
             self.num_feat_dynamic_real = len(self.covariate_metadata.known_covariates_real)
             if self.num_feat_dynamic_cat > 0:
-                feat_dynamic_cat = dataset[self.covariate_metadata.known_covariates_cat]
                 if self.supports_cat_covariates:
-                    self.feat_dynamic_cat_cardinality = feat_dynamic_cat.nunique().tolist()
+                    self.feat_dynamic_cat_cardinality = list(self.covariate_metadata.known_cat_cardinality.values())
                 else:
+                    feat_dynamic_cat = dataset[self.covariate_metadata.known_covariates_cat]
                     # If model doesn't support categorical covariates, convert them to real via one hot encoding
                     self._ohe_generator_known = OneHotEncoder(
                         max_levels=model_params.get("max_cat_cardinality", 100),
@@ -180,10 +179,12 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
             self.num_past_feat_dynamic_cat = len(self.covariate_metadata.past_covariates_cat)
             self.num_past_feat_dynamic_real = len(self.covariate_metadata.past_covariates_real)
             if self.num_past_feat_dynamic_cat > 0:
-                past_feat_dynamic_cat = dataset[self.covariate_metadata.past_covariates_cat]
                 if self.supports_cat_covariates:
-                    self.past_feat_dynamic_cat_cardinality = past_feat_dynamic_cat.nunique().tolist()
+                    self.past_feat_dynamic_cat_cardinality = list(
+                        self.covariate_metadata.past_cat_cardinality.values()
+                    )
                 else:
+                    past_feat_dynamic_cat = dataset[self.covariate_metadata.past_covariates_cat]
                     # If model doesn't support categorical covariates, convert them to real via one hot encoding
                     self._ohe_generator_past = OneHotEncoder(
                         max_levels=model_params.get("max_cat_cardinality", 100),
@@ -277,8 +278,8 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
 
         return torch.cuda.is_available()
 
-    def get_minimum_resources(self, is_gpu_available: bool = False) -> dict[str, Union[int, float]]:
-        minimum_resources: dict[str, Union[int, float]] = {"num_cpus": 1}
+    def get_minimum_resources(self, is_gpu_available: bool = False) -> dict[str, int | float]:
+        minimum_resources: dict[str, int | float] = {"num_cpus": 1}
         # if GPU is available, we train with 1 GPU per trial
         if is_gpu_available:
             minimum_resources["num_gpus"] = 1
@@ -289,8 +290,8 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     @overload
     def _to_gluonts_dataset(self, time_series_df: TimeSeriesDataFrame, known_covariates=None) -> GluonTSDataset: ...
     def _to_gluonts_dataset(
-        self, time_series_df: Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame], known_covariates: Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame] = None
-    ) -> Optional[GluonTSDataset]:
+        self, time_series_df: TimeSeriesDataFrame | None, known_covariates: TimeSeriesDataFrame | None = None
+    ) -> GluonTSDataset | None:
         if time_series_df is not None:
             # TODO: Preprocess real-valued features with StdScaler?
             if self.num_feat_static_cat > 0:
@@ -388,10 +389,10 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     def _fit(
         self,
         train_data: TimeSeriesDataFrame,
-        val_data: Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame] = None,
-        time_limit: Optional[float] = None,
-        num_cpus: Optional[int] = None,
-        num_gpus: Optional[int] = None,
+        val_data: TimeSeriesDataFrame | None = None,
+        time_limit: float | None = None,
+        num_cpus: int | None = None,
+        num_gpus: int | None = None,
         verbosity: int = 2,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> None:
@@ -438,8 +439,8 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
 
     def _get_callbacks(
         self,
-        time_limit: Optional[float],
-        early_stopping_patience: Optional[int] = None,
+        time_limit: float | None,
+        early_stopping_patience: int | None = None,
     ) -> list[Callable]:
         """Retrieve a list of callback objects for the GluonTS trainer"""
         from lightning.pytorch.callbacks import EarlyStopping, Timer
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     def _predict(
         self,
         data: TimeSeriesDataFrame,
-        known_covariates: Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame] = None,
+        known_covariates: TimeSeriesDataFrame | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> TimeSeriesDataFrame:
         if self.gts_predictor is None:
@@ -471,8 +472,8 @@ class AbstractGluonTSModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     def _predict_gluonts_forecasts(
         self,
         data: TimeSeriesDataFrame,
-        known_covariates: Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame] = None,
-        num_samples: Optional[int] = None,
+        known_covariates: TimeSeriesDataFrame | None = None,
+        num_samples: int | None = None,
     ) -> list[Forecast]:
         assert self.gts_predictor is not None, "GluonTS models must be fit before predicting."
         gts_data = self._to_gluonts_dataset(data, known_covariates=known_covariates)

autogluon/timeseries/models/gluonts/dataset.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Iterator, Optional, Type
+from typing import Any, Iterator, Type
 
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ class SimpleGluonTSDataset(GluonTSDataset):
         target_df: TimeSeriesDataFrame,
         freq: str,
         target_column: str = "target",
-        feat_static_cat: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
-        feat_static_real: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
-        feat_dynamic_cat: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
-        feat_dynamic_real: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
-        past_feat_dynamic_cat: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
-        past_feat_dynamic_real: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
+        feat_static_cat: np.ndarray | None = None,
+        feat_static_real: np.ndarray | None = None,
+        feat_dynamic_cat: np.ndarray | None = None,
+        feat_dynamic_real: np.ndarray | None = None,
+        past_feat_dynamic_cat: np.ndarray | None = None,
+        past_feat_dynamic_real: np.ndarray | None = None,
         includes_future: bool = False,
-        prediction_length: Optional[int] = None,
+        prediction_length: int | None = None,
     ):
         assert target_df is not None
         # Convert TimeSeriesDataFrame to pd.Series for faster processing
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class SimpleGluonTSDataset(GluonTSDataset):
         assert len(self.item_ids) == len(self.start_timestamps)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _astype(array: Optional[np.ndarray], dtype: Type[np.generic]) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
+    def _astype(array: np.ndarray | None, dtype: Type[np.generic]) -> np.ndarray | None:
         if array is None:
             return None
         else:

autogluon/timeseries/models/gluonts/models.py

@@ -41,10 +41,8 @@ class DeepARModel(AbstractGluonTSModel):
         Number of steps to unroll the RNN for before computing predictions
     disable_static_features : bool, default = False
         If True, static features won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, static features will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     disable_known_covariates : bool, default = False
         If True, known covariates won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, known covariates will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     num_layers : int, default = 2
         Number of RNN layers
     hidden_size : int, default = 40
@@ -170,13 +168,10 @@ class TemporalFusionTransformerModel(AbstractGluonTSModel):
         Distribution output object that defines how the model output is converted to a forecast, and how the loss is computed.
     disable_static_features : bool, default = False
         If True, static features won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, static features will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     disable_known_covariates : bool, default = False
         If True, known covariates won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, known covariates will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     disable_past_covariates : bool, default = False
         If True, past covariates won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, past covariates will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     hidden_dim : int, default = 32
         Size of the LSTM & transformer hidden states.
     variable_dim : int, default = 32
@@ -470,10 +465,8 @@ class TiDEModel(AbstractGluonTSModel):
         Number of past values used for prediction.
     disable_static_features : bool, default = False
         If True, static features won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, static features will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     disable_known_covariates : bool, default = False
         If True, known covariates won't be used by the model even if they are present in the dataset.
-        If False, known covariates will be used by the model if they are present in the dataset.
     feat_proj_hidden_dim : int, default = 4
         Size of the feature projection layer.
     encoder_hidden_dim : int, default = 64

autogluon/timeseries/models/local/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import joblib.externals.loky
-
 from .naive import AverageModel, NaiveModel, SeasonalAverageModel, SeasonalNaiveModel
 from .npts import NPTSModel
 from .statsforecast import (
@@ -15,8 +13,3 @@ from .statsforecast import (
     ThetaModel,
     ZeroModel,
 )
-
-# By default, joblib w/ loky backend kills processes that take >300MB of RAM assuming that this is caused by a memory
-# leak. This leads to problems for some memory-hungry models like AutoARIMA/Theta.
-# This monkey patch removes this undesired behavior
-joblib.externals.loky.process_executor._MAX_MEMORY_LEAK_SIZE = int(3e10)

autogluon/timeseries/models/local/abstract_local_model.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import time
 from multiprocessing import TimeoutError
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -12,16 +12,13 @@ from autogluon.core.utils.exceptions import TimeLimitExceeded
 from autogluon.timeseries.dataset import TimeSeriesDataFrame
 from autogluon.timeseries.metrics import TimeSeriesScorer
 from autogluon.timeseries.models.abstract import AbstractTimeSeriesModel
+from autogluon.timeseries.utils.constants import AG_DEFAULT_N_JOBS
 from autogluon.timeseries.utils.datetime import get_seasonality
 from autogluon.timeseries.utils.warning_filters import warning_filter
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-# We use the same default n_jobs across AG-TS to ensure that Joblib reuses the process pool
-AG_DEFAULT_N_JOBS = max(cpu_count(only_physical_cores=True), 1)
-
-
 class AbstractLocalModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     """Abstract class for local forecasting models that are trained separately for each time series.
 
@@ -40,18 +37,18 @@ class AbstractLocalModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     """
 
     allowed_local_model_args: list[str] = []
-    default_max_ts_length: Optional[int] = 2500
+    default_max_ts_length: int | None = 2500
     default_max_time_limit_ratio = 1.0
     init_time_in_seconds: int = 0
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        freq: Optional[str] = None,
+        freq: str | None = None,
         prediction_length: int = 1,
-        path: Optional[str] = None,
-        name: Optional[str] = None,
-        eval_metric: Union[str, TimeSeriesScorer, None] = None,
-        hyperparameters: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        eval_metric: str | TimeSeriesScorer | None = None,
+        hyperparameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         **kwargs,  # noqa
     ):
         super().__init__(
@@ -79,10 +76,10 @@ class AbstractLocalModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
     def preprocess(
         self,
         data: TimeSeriesDataFrame,
-        known_covariates: Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame] = None,
+        known_covariates: TimeSeriesDataFrame | None = None,
         is_train: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> tuple[TimeSeriesDataFrame, Optional[TimeSeriesDataFrame]]:
+    ) -> tuple[TimeSeriesDataFrame, TimeSeriesDataFrame | None]:
         if not self._get_tags()["allow_nan"]:
             data = data.fill_missing_values()
         return data, known_covariates
@@ -95,7 +92,7 @@ class AbstractLocalModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
         }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _compute_n_jobs(n_jobs: Union[int, float]) -> int:
+    def _compute_n_jobs(n_jobs: int | float) -> int:
         if isinstance(n_jobs, float) and 0 < n_jobs <= 1:
             return max(int(cpu_count() * n_jobs), 1)
         elif isinstance(n_jobs, int):
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ class AbstractLocalModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"n_jobs must be a float between 0 and 1 or an integer (received n_jobs = {n_jobs})")
 
-    def _fit(self, train_data: TimeSeriesDataFrame, time_limit: Optional[int] = None, **kwargs):
+    def _fit(self, train_data: TimeSeriesDataFrame, time_limit: int | None = None, **kwargs):
         self._check_fit_params()
 
         if time_limit is not None and time_limit < self.init_time_in_seconds:
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ class AbstractLocalModel(AbstractTimeSeriesModel):
         self,
         time_series: pd.Series,
         use_fallback_model: bool,
-        end_time: Optional[float] = None,
+        end_time: float | None = None,
     ) -> tuple[pd.DataFrame, bool]:
         if end_time is not None and time.time() >= end_time:
             raise TimeLimitExceeded

autogluon/timeseries/models/local/naive.py

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class AverageModel(AbstractLocalModel):
         When set to a float between 0.0 and 1.0, that fraction of available CPU cores is used.
         When set to a positive integer, that many cores are used.
         When set to -1, all CPU cores are used.
-    max_ts_length : Optional[int], default = None
+    max_ts_length : int | None, default = None
         If not None, only the last ``max_ts_length`` time steps of each time series will be used to train the model.
         This significantly speeds up fitting and usually leads to no change in accuracy.
     """
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class SeasonalAverageModel(AbstractLocalModel):
         When set to a float between 0.0 and 1.0, that fraction of available CPU cores is used.
         When set to a positive integer, that many cores are used.
         When set to -1, all CPU cores are used.
-    max_ts_length : Optional[int], default = None
+    max_ts_length : int | None, default = None
         If not None, only the last ``max_ts_length`` time steps of each time series will be used to train the model.
         This significantly speeds up fitting and usually leads to no change in accuracy.
     """

autogluon/timeseries/models/local/npts.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class NPTSModel(AbstractLocalModel):
         When set to a float between 0.0 and 1.0, that fraction of available CPU cores is used.
         When set to a positive integer, that many cores are used.
         When set to -1, all CPU cores are used.
-    max_ts_length : Optional[int], default = 2500
+    max_ts_length : int | None, default = 2500
         If not None, only the last ``max_ts_length`` time steps of each time series will be used to train the model.
         This significantly speeds up fitting and usually leads to no change in accuracy.
     """
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ class NPTSModel(AbstractLocalModel):
     ) -> pd.DataFrame:
         from gluonts.model.npts import NPTSPredictor
 
+        # NPTS model is non-deterministic due to sampling. Set seed for reproducibility in parallel processes
+        # and restore original state to avoid side effects when running with n_jobs=1
+        original_random_state = np.random.get_state()
+        np.random.seed(123)
+
         local_model_args.pop("seasonal_period")
         num_samples = local_model_args.pop("num_samples")
         num_default_time_features = local_model_args.pop("num_default_time_features")
@@ -88,6 +93,7 @@ class NPTSModel(AbstractLocalModel):
         forecast_dict = {"mean": forecast.mean}
         for q in self.quantile_levels:
             forecast_dict[str(q)] = forecast.quantile(q)
+        np.random.set_state(original_random_state)
         return pd.DataFrame(forecast_dict)
 
     def _more_tags(self) -> dict: