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-  <h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">9. High Availability</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview-of-haclient">Overview of HAClient</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reconnection-with-haclient">Reconnection with HAClient</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#choosing-store-durability">Choosing Store Durability</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-sow-recovery-point-adapter">Using the SOW Recovery Point Adapter</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#amps-topic-configuration">AMPS Topic Configuration</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#constructing-a-client-for-the-adapter">Constructing a Client For the Adapter</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#capacity-planning-and-store-sizing">Capacity Planning and Store Sizing</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connections-and-the-serverchooser">Connections and the ServerChooser</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-a-reconnect-delay-and-timeout">Setting a Reconnect Delay and Timeout</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#implementing-a-server-chooser">Implementing a Server Chooser</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#heartbeats-and-failure-detection">Heartbeats and Failure Detection</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#considerations-for-publishers">Considerations for Publishers</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#detecting-failover-ahead-of-replication">Detecting Failover Ahead of Replication</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#considerations-for-subscribers">Considerations for Subscribers</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#resubscription-with-asynchronous-message-processing">Resubscription With Asynchronous Message Processing</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#resubscription-with-synchronous-message-processing">Resubscription With Synchronous Message Processing</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#bookmark-stores">Bookmark Stores</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
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-  <li><a href="../index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
-      <li>Previous: <a href="deltas.html" title="previous chapter">8. Delta Publish and Subscribe</a></li>
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-  <div class="section" id="high-availability">
-<span id="index-0"></span><h1>9. High Availability<a class="headerlink" href="#high-availability" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>The AMPS Python Client provides an easy way to create highly-available
-applications using AMPS, via the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> class. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-derives from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> and offers the same methods, but also adds
-protection against network, server, and client outages.</p>
-<p>Using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> allows applications to automatically:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li>Recover from temporary disconnects between client and server.</li>
-<li>Failover from one server to another when a server becomes
-unavailable.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Because the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> automatically manages failover and
-reconnection, 60East recommends using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> for applications
-that need to:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li>Automatically reconnect and resume work in the case of disconnection.</li>
-<li>Ensure no messages are lost or duplicated after a reconnect or
-failover.</li>
-<li>Persist messages and bookmarks on disk for protection against client
-failure.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>You can choose how your application uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> features. For
-example, you might need automatic reconnection, but have no need to
-resume subscriptions or republish messages. The high availability
-behavior in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> is provided by implementations of defined
-interfaces. You can combine different implementations provided by 60East
-to meet your needs, and implement those interfaces to provide your own
-policies.</p>
-<p>Some of these features require specific configuration settings on your
-AMPS instance(s). This chapter mentions these features and describes how
-to use them from the AMPS Java client. You can find full documentation
-for these settings and server features in the <em>User Guide</em>.</p>
-<div class="section" id="overview-of-haclient">
-<h2>Overview of HAClient<a class="headerlink" href="#overview-of-haclient" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> derives from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> and offers the same methods for
-sending commands to AMPS and receiving messages from AMPS.</p>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> differs from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> in two ways:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> automatically installs a disconnect handler that
-reconnects to AMPS and resumes active (asynchronous) subscriptions.
-The disconnect handler optionally replays <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sow_delete</span></code>
-messages that have not been acknowledged by AMPS, using a
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code>.  The disconnect handler can optionally resume
-replays from the transaction log at a point that guarantees
-no messages are skipped and no duplicates are delivered to the
-application, using a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code>.</li>
-<li>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> includes the infrastructure needed for
-client failover, including a list of connection strings
-and their associated authentication mechanisms (provided by
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>), and options for controlling backoff
-behavior for reconnects (provided by the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DelayStrategy</span></code>).
-As a result, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> provides a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">connect_and_logon()</span></code>
-function for establishing a connection to AMPS, rather than
-treating these as independent steps that an application must
-manage itself.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>If your application needs to automatically reconnect to AMPS,
-60East recommends using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> and the automatically
-provided disconnect handler rather than using a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>
-or replacing the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> default disconnect handler.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="reconnection-with-haclient">
-<h2>Reconnection with HAClient<a class="headerlink" href="#reconnection-with-haclient" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>The most important difference between <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> is
-that <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> automatically provides a reconnect handler.</p>
-<p>This description provides a high-level framework for understanding the
-components involved in failover with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>. The components
-are described in more detail in the following sections.</p>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> reconnect handler performs the following steps when
-reconnecting:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><p class="first">Calls the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> to determine the next URI to connect to
-and the authenticator to use for that connection.</p>
-<p>If the connection fails, calls <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_error</span></code> on the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>
-to get a description of the failure, sends an exception to the
-exception listener, and stops the reconnection process.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Calls the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DelayStrategy</span></code> to determine how long to wait before
-attempting to reconnect, and waits for that period of time.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Connects to the AMPS server. If the connection fails, calls
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">report_failure</span></code> on the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> and begins the process
-again.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Logs on to the AMPS server. If the connection fails, calls
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">report_failure</span></code> on the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> and begins the process
-again.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Calls <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">report_success</span></code> on the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Receives the bookmark for the last message that the server has
-persisted. Discards any older messages from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code>.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Republishes any messages in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code> that have not been
-persisted by the server.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Re-establishes subscriptions using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SubscriptionManager</span></code> for
-the client. For bookmark subscriptions, the reconnect handler uses
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code> for the client to determine the most recent
-bookmark, and resubscribes with that bookmark. For subscriptions that
-do not use a bookmark, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SubscriptionManager</span></code> simply re-enters
-the subscription, meaning that it is entered at the point at which
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> reconnects.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DelayStrategy</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code>,
-and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code> are all extension points
-for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>. You can adapt the failover and recovery behavior
-by setting a different object for the behavior you want to customize on
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> or by providing your own implementation.</p>
-<p>For example, the convenience methods in the previous section customize
-the behavior of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code> by providing
-either memory-backed or file-backed stores.</p>
-<p>The reconnection process runs on the thread that discovers the
-disconnection. This means that, in the event that an application
-thread discovers the disconnection as a result of a call to
-the Python AMPS client, that call may not return until a
-connection is re-established (or until the server chooser
-indicates failure, in which case the application will
-receive an exception).</p>
-<p>The Python client includes a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">retry_on_disconnect</span></code> setting that
-controls this retry behavior when the client is disconnected. When
-set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> (the default), any call to the Client that results
-in a command being sent to AMPS may block until a connection is
-re-established.  When set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> will
-retry the connection a single time and throw an exception
-if the connection cannot be re-established.</p>
-<p>Regardless of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">retry_on_disconnect</span></code> setting, a call
-to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish</span></code> will result in the message being stored in
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code> for the client if one is set.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="choosing-store-durability">
-<h2>Choosing Store Durability<a class="headerlink" href="#choosing-store-durability" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p id="index-1">If your application needs reliable publish to AMPS, install a
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code> in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>. If your application needs to
-resume replays from the transation log, install a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code> in
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>.</p>
-<p>These stores provide the following capabilities:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li>A bookmark store tracks received messages, and is used to resume
-subscriptions that replay from the transaction log.</li>
-<li>A publish store tracks published messages, and is used to ensure that
-messages are persisted in AMPS.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The AMPS client provides a memory-backed version of each store and a
-file-backed version of each store. The store interface is public, and an
-application can create and provide a custom store as necessary. An
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> can use either a memory backed store or a file backed store
-for protection. Each method provides resilience to different failures:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><p class="first">Memory-backed stores provide recovery disconnection from AMPS by
-storing messages and bookmarks in your process’ address space. This
-is the highest performance option for working with AMPS in a highly
-available manner. The trade-off with this method is there is no
-protection from a crash or failure of your client application. If
-your application is terminated prematurely or, if the application
-terminates at the same time as an AMPS instance failure or network
-outage, then messages may be lost or duplicated. The state of
-bookmark replays will be lost when the application shuts down.
-Messages in the publish store when the application shuts down
-will not be maintained through a restart, so the application will
-not be able to attempt any necessary redelivery when the application restarts.</p>
-<p>A memory bookmark store should only be used by one instance of a client at
-a time.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">File-backed stores provide recovery after client failure and
-disconnection from AMPS by storing messages and bookmarks on disk. To
-use this protection method, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">create_file_backed</span></code> method
-requests additional arguments for the two files that will be used for
-both bookmark storage and message storage. If these files exist and
-are non-empty (as they would be after a client application is
-restarted), the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> loads their contents and ensures
-synchronization with the AMPS server once connected. The performance
-of this option depends heavily on the speed of the device on which
-these files are placed. When the files do not exist (as they would
-the first time a client starts on a given system), the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-creates and initializes the files, and in this case the client does
-not have a point at which to resume the subscription or messages to
-republish.</p>
-<p>A store file should only be used by one instance of a client at
-a time.</p>
-<p>When using file-backed stores, 60East recommends periodically removing
-unneeded entries by calling the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> method. The precise strategy
-that your application uses to call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> depends on the nature of the
-application. Most applications call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> when the application exits.</p>
-<p>Most applications call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> when the application exits.</p>
-<p>There are two basic strategies that applications follow while the
-application runs:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li>Install a resize handler and call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> after a specified number
-of resize operations, or when the store reaches a specific size.</li>
-<li>Call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> after a specific number of messages are processed (for
-example, every 10,000 messages received or every 1,000 updates completed).</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Regardless of the strategy, it is best to call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> when the application
-is idle, since the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code> call rewrites the log file.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The store interface is public, and an application can create and provide
-a custom store as necessary. While clients provide convenience methods
-for creating file-backed and memory-backed <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> objects with the
-appropriate stores, you can also create and set the stores in your
-application code. For the AMPS Python Client, stores are implemented in
-C++. You can implement stores using C++, and use the technique described
-in Chapter 12 Using the C++ client, to set the store on the client.</p>
-<p>Starting in 5.3.2.0, the underlying AMPS client contains a recovery point
-adapter interface to make it easier to add a custom persistence layer
-to a cookmark store. The distribution includes a recovery point adapter
-that can store bookmark recovery information in an AMPS state of the
-world topic.</p>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> provides convenience methods for creating clients and
-setting stores. You can also construct an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> and set the store
-implementations you choose.</p>
-<p>In this example, we create several clients. The first client uses memory
-stores for both bookmarks and publishes. The second client uses files
-for both bookmarks and publishes. The third client uses a file for
-bookmarks. The third client does not set a store for publishes, which
-means that AMPS provides the default store (and no outgoing messages are
-stored). The final client does not specify any stores, and so has no
-persistence for published messages or bookmark subscriptions, but can
-take advantage of the automatic failover and reconnection in the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>.</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Memory publish store, memory bookmark store</span>
-<span class="n">memoryClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;lessImportantMessages&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># File-backed publish store, file-backed bookmark store</span>
-<span class="n">diskClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;moreImportantMessages&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-          <span class="s2">&quot;/mnt/fastDisk/moreImportantMessages.outgoing&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-          <span class="s2">&quot;/mnt/fastDisk/moreImportantMessages.incoming&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># No-op publish store, file-backed bookmark store</span>
-<span class="n">subscriberClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;subscriber&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">no_store</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">subscriberClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_bookmark_store</span><span class="p">(</span>     \
-            <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MMapBookmarkStore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/mnt/fastdisk/bookmark.store&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="c1"># No-op publish store, no-op bookmark store</span>
-<span class="c1"># Failover behavior only.</span>
-<span class="n">streamReader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;streamReader&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">no_store</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>Example 9.1:</strong> <em>HAClient creation example</em></p>
-<div class="section" id="using-the-sow-recovery-point-adapter">
-<h3>Using the SOW Recovery Point Adapter<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-sow-recovery-point-adapter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>The AMPS client also includes the ability to use a SOW topic to store bookmark
-state for a bookmark store. This can be a useful option in a situation
-where an application needs a persistent bookmark store, but does not have
-the ability to store a file on the filesystem, or where an application
-has a bookmark file, but wants to have the ability to resume the subscription
-if the file is lost or damaged, or if the application is started on a
-system that does not have access to the file.</p>
-<p>To use the SOW topic recovery point adapter, you create a bookmark store of
-the type you would like to use for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>, passing an
-adapter when you construct the store.  You then set this bookmark store as
-the store for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> to use. The constructor for the
-SOW recovery adapter allows you to customize the topic name and
-field names used to store the recovery point information in AMPS.
-As with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RecoveryPointAdapter</span></code> interface
-in general, it is possible to customize the behavior of the SOW recovery
-point adapater by overriding the provided methods.</p>
-<p>This section describes how to use the adapter with the default settings.
-Should you need to change the behavior of the class, you would adjust
-the guidance in this section accordingly. (For example, if you override
-methods to produce a message with a different set of keys or
-a different message format, you would update the topic definition
-accordingly).</p>
-<div class="section" id="amps-topic-configuration">
-<h4>AMPS Topic Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#amps-topic-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<p>To store recovery point state in AMPS, the AMPS instance
-that will store the recovery point state must define a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SOW/Topic</span></code>
-to hold the recovery point data.</p>
-<p>By default, the adapter uses a topic named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/ADMIN/bookmark_store</span></code> of
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">json</span></code> message type, with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/clientName</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/subId</span></code> fields
-as keys, similar to the following definition.</p>
-<div class="code xml highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>&lt;Topic&gt;
-   &lt;Name&gt;/ADMIN/bookmark_store&lt;/Name&gt;
-   &lt;MessageType&gt;json&lt;/MessageType&gt;
-   &lt;Key&gt;/clientName&lt;/Key&gt;
-   &lt;Key&gt;/subId&lt;/Key&gt;
-   &lt;!-- Storage/persistence configuration here.
-        In most cases, this topic should be
-        persisted to a file, but that is not
-        a requirement.  --&gt;
-&lt;/Topic&gt;
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You must include this defintion, or an equivalent definition,
-in the configuration file for the AMPS instance that will host
-the recovery point.</p>
-<p>If you define a topic with a different configuration (for
-example, different key names, a different topic name, or a
-different message type), you must ensure that the
-adapter that you create uses the same parameters as those
-configured on the server.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="constructing-a-client-for-the-adapter">
-<h4>Constructing a Client For the Adapter<a class="headerlink" href="#constructing-a-client-for-the-adapter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<p>The AMPS SOW Recovery Point Adapter requires a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-connected to the instance that contains the SOW topic. The Adapter will
-use this client to recover bookmark state and store bookmarks in AMPS.
-Notice that this client <strong>must not</strong> be client that the Adapter is
-keeping state for. This must be a completely separate client instance,
-otherwise the client may deadlock while updating the store.</p>
-<p>The client must be connected and logged in to the instance that
-contains the State of the World topic, using the message type defined
-for the topic.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="capacity-planning-and-store-sizing">
-<h3>Capacity Planning and Store Sizing<a class="headerlink" href="#capacity-planning-and-store-sizing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>When an application uses a file-backed store, it is important to make
-sure that there is enough space available on the file system to
-be able to manage the store.</p>
-<p>For logged bookmark stores, an application needs to keep a bookmark record for
-each message received, each message discarded, and the persisted
-acknowledgments delivered by the server approximately once a second.
-Each bookmark entry consumes roughly 70 bytes of storage <em>plus</em> the length
-of the subscription ID for the subscription receiving the message. The logged
-bookmark store retains entries until an application explicitly calls
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune()</span></code>. The capacity needed for a logged bookmark store will
-depend on the strategy that the application uses for pruning the file.</p>
-<p>For a file-backed publish store, the application needs to be able to
-store published messages until the AMPS server that the publisher is
-connected to acknowledges those messages as persisted. The volume of
-messages that needs to be stored depends on the failover policy for
-the server &#8211; that is, the maximum amount of time that the server will
-allow a downstream instance to fail to acknowledge a message before
-the server downgrades that connection to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">async</span></code> acknowledgment.
-By default, AMPS does not downgrade connections: this policy must
-be set explicitly using the AMPS actions. As an example, if the
-server is configured to downgrade connections that are more than
-120 seconds behind, then &#8211; for disaster recovery &#8211; the application
-must be have the capacity to store 120 seconds of published messages
-at peak publishing load. However, unlike the logged bookmark store, a
-file-backed publish store removes messages from the store and reuses
-the space once AMPS has acknowledged the message.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="connections-and-the-serverchooser">
-<h2>Connections and the ServerChooser<a class="headerlink" href="#connections-and-the-serverchooser" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p id="index-2">Unlike <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> attempts to keep itself connected to
-an AMPS instance at all times, by automatically reconnecting or failing
-over when it detects that the client is disconnected. When you are using
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> directly, your disconnect handler usually takes care of
-reconnection. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>, on the other hand, provides a disconnect
-handler that automatically reconnects to the current server or to the
-next available server.</p>
-<p>To inform the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> of the addresses of the AMPS instances in
-your system, you pass a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> instance to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>.
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> acts as a smart enumerator over the servers available:
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> calls <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> methods to inquire about what
-server should be connected, and calls methods to indicate whether a
-given server succeeded or failed.</p>
-<p id="index-3">The AMPS Python Client provides a simple implementation of
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>,called <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DefaultServerChooser</span></code>, that provides very
-simple logic for reconnecting. This server chooser is most suitable for
-basic testing, or in cases where an application should simply rotate
-through a list of servers. For most applications, you implement the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> interface yourself for more advanced logic, such as
-choosing a backup server based on your network topology, or limiting the
-number of times your application should try to reconnect to a given
-address.</p>
-<p>To connect to AMPS, you provide a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> and
-then call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">connect_and_logon()</span></code> to create the first connection:</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">memoryClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myClient&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># primary.amps.xyz.com is the primary AMPS instance, and</span>
-<span class="c1"># secondary.amps.xyz.com is the secondary</span>
-<span class="n">chooser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DefaultServerChooser</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="n">chooser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;tcp://primary.amps.xyz.com:12345/fix&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">chooser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;tcp://secondary.amps.xyz.com:12345/fix&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">memoryClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_server_chooser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chooser</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">memoryClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect_and_logon</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-<span class="n">myClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">disconnect</span><span class="p">()</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>Example 9.2:</strong> <em>Multiple HAClient creation example</em></p>
-<p id="index-4">Similar to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> remains connected to the server until
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disconnect()</span></code> is called. Unlike <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-automatically attempts to reconnect to your server if it detects a
-disconnect and, if that server cannot be connected, fails over to the
-next server provided by the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>. In this example, the call
-to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">connectAndLogon()</span></code> attempts to connect and login to
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">primary.amps.xyz.com</span></code>, and returns if that is successful. If it
-cannot connect, it tries <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">secondary.amps.xyz.com</span></code>, and continues
-trying servers from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> until a connection is
-established. Likewise, if it detects a disconnection while the client is
-in use, then <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> attempts to reconnect to the server with which
-it was most recently connected; if that is not possible, then it moves
-on to the next server provided by the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>.</p>
-<p>The default <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> simply provides the next URL in the
-sequence. This strategy works for many applications. If you need a
-different strategy, you can implement your own logic for failover by
-creating a class derived from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>.</p>
-<div class="section" id="setting-a-reconnect-delay-and-timeout">
-<h3>Setting a Reconnect Delay and Timeout<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-a-reconnect-delay-and-timeout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p id="index-5">You can control the amount of time between reconnection attempts and
-set a total amount of time for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> to attempt to reconnect.</p>
-<p>The AMPS Python client includes a method for setting a delay strategy on
-a client, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_reconnect_delay_strategy</span></code>. This method accepts an
-instance of any type that provides the methods
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_connect_wait_duration</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">reset</span></code>, as described in the API
-documentation.</p>
-<p>While you can easily implement your own delay strategy, the client also
-provides two delay strategies:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FixedDelayStrategy</span></code> provides the same delay each time the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> tries to reconnect.</li>
-<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ExponentialDelayStrategy</span></code> provides an exponential backoff until a
-connection attempt succeeds.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>To use either of these classes, you simply create an instance, set the
-appropriate parameters, and install that instance as the delay strategy
-for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>. For example, the following code sets up a
-reconnect delay that starts at 200ms and increases the delay by 1.5
-times after each failure. The strategy allows a maximum delay between
-connection attempts of 5 seconds, and will not retry longer than 60
-seconds.</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">theClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myClient&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">theClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_reconnect_delay_strategy</span><span class="p">(</span>      \
-   <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ExponentialDelayStrategy</span><span class="p">(</span>            \
-                   <span class="n">initial_delay</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span>        \
-                   <span class="n">maximum_delay</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">,</span>       \
-                   <span class="n">backoff_exponent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.5</span><span class="p">,</span>     \
-                   <span class="n">maximum_retry_time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">60000</span><span class="p">)</span> \
-                 <span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="implementing-a-server-chooser">
-<h3>Implementing a Server Chooser<a class="headerlink" href="#implementing-a-server-chooser" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p id="index-6">As described above, you provide the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-with connection strings to one or more AMPS servers using a
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>. The purpose of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> is to provide
-information to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>. A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> does not manage the
-reconnection process, and should not call methods on the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>.</p>
-<p>A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> has two required responsibilities to the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><p class="first">Tells the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> the connection string for the server to
-connect to. If there are no servers, or the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> wants
-the connection to fail, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> returns an empty
-string.</p>
-<p>To provide this information, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> implements the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_current_uri()</span></code> method.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Provides an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Authenticator</span></code> for the current connection string. This
-is especially important for installations where different servers
-require different credentials or authentication tokens must be reset
-after each connection attempt.</p>
-<p>To provide the authenticator, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> implements the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_current_authenticator()</span></code> method.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> calls the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_current_uri()</span></code> and
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_current_authenticator()</span></code> methods each time it needs to make a
-connection.</p>
-<p>Each time a connection succeeds, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> calls the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">report_success()</span></code> method of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>. Each time a
-connection fails, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> calls the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">report_failure()</span></code> method
-of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>. The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> does not require the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> to take any particular action when it calls these
-methods. These methods are provided for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> to do internal
-maintenance, logging, or record keeping. For example, an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-might keep a list of available URIs with a current failure count, and
-skip over URIs that have failed more than 5 consecutive times until all
-URIs in the list have failed more than 5 consecutive times.</p>
-<p>When the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code> returns an empty string from
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_current_uri()</span></code>, indicating that no servers are available for
-connection, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> calls the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_error()</span></code> method on the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>, if one is provided, and includes the string returned
-by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_error()</span></code> in the generated exception.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="heartbeats-and-failure-detection">
-<h2>Heartbeats and Failure Detection<a class="headerlink" href="#heartbeats-and-failure-detection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p id="index-7">Use of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> allows your application to quickly recover from
-detected connection failures. By default, connection failure detection
-occurs when AMPS receives an operating system error on the connection.
-This system may result in unpredictable delays in detecting a connection
-failure on the client, particularly when failures in network routing
-hardware occur, and the client primarily acts as a subscriber.</p>
-<p>The heartbeat feature of the AMPS client allows connection failure to be
-detected quickly. Heartbeats ensure that regular messages are sent
-between the AMPS client and server on a predictable schedule. The AMPS
-client and server both assume disconnection has occurred if these
-regular heartbeats cease, ensuring disconnection is detected in a timely
-manner. To use heartbeating, call the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_heartbeat</span></code> method on
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">memoryClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;importantStuff&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-<span class="n">memoryClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_heartbeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">memoryClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect_and_logon</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>Example 9.3:</strong> <em>Heartbeat example</em></p>
-<p id="index-8">Method <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_heartbeat</span></code> takes one parameter: the heartbeat interval. The
-heartbeat interval specifies the periodicity of heartbeat messages sent
-by the server: the value <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3</span></code> indicates messages are sent on a
-three-second interval. If the client receives no messages in a
-six-second window (two heartbeat intervals), the connection is assumed
-to be dead, and the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> attempts reconnection. An additional
-variant of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_heartbeat</span></code> allows the idle period to be set to a value
-other than two heartbeat intervals. (The server, however, will always consider
-a connection to be closed after two heartbeat intervals without any traffic.)</p>
-<p>Notice that, for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setHeartbeat</span></code> must be called before
-the client is connected. For <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setHeartbeat</span></code> must be called
-after the client is connected.</p>
-<div class="admonition caution">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Caution</p>
-<p class="last">Heartbeats are serviced on the receive thread created by the AMPS
-client. Your application must not block the receive thread for longer
-than the heartbeat interval, or the application is subject to being
-disconnected.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="considerations-for-publishers">
-<h2>Considerations for Publishers<a class="headerlink" href="#considerations-for-publishers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p id="index-9">Publishing with an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> is nearly identical to regular
-publishing; you simply call the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish()</span></code> method with your message’s
-topic and data. The AMPS client sends the message to AMPS, and then
-returns from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish()</span></code> call. For maximum performance, the client
-does not wait for the AMPS server to acknowledge that the message has
-been received.</p>
-<p>When an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> sets a publish store, the publish store retains a
-copy of each outgoing message and requests that AMPS acknowledge that
-the message has been persisted. The AMPS server acknowledges messages
-back to the publisher. Acknowledgments can be delivered for multiple
-messages at periodic intervals (for topics recorded in the transaction
-log) or after each message (for topics that are not recorded in the
-transaction log). When an acknowledgment for a message is received, the
-HAClient removes that message from the bookmark store. When a connection
-to a server is made, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>automatically determines which
-messages from the publish store (if any) the server has not processed,
-and replays those messages to the server once the connection is
-established.</p>
-<p>For reliable publishers, the application must choose how best to handle
-application shutdown. For example, it is possible for the network to
-fail immediately after the publisher sends the message, while the
-message is still in transit. In this case, the publisher has sent the
-message, but the server has not processed it and acknowledged it. During
-normal operation, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> will automatically connect and retry
-the message. On shutdown, however, the application must decide whether
-to wait for messages to be acknowledged, or whether to exit.</p>
-<p>Publish store implementations provide an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unpersisted_count()</span></code> method
-that reports the number of messages that have not yet been acknowledged
-by the AMPS server. When the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unpersisted_count()</span></code> reaches <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>,
-there are no unpersisted messages in the local publish store.</p>
-<p>For the highest level of safety, an application can wait until the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unpersisted_count()</span></code> reaches <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, which indicates that all of the
-messages have been persisted to the instance that the application is
-connected to, and the synchronous replication destinations configured
-for that instance. When a synchronous replication destination goes
-offline, this approach will cause the publisher to wait to exit until
-the destination comes back online or until the destination is downgraded
-to asynchronous replication.</p>
-<p>For applications that are shut down periodically for short periods of
-time (for example, applications that are only offline during a weekly
-maintenance window), another approach is to use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish_flush()</span></code>
-method to ensure that messages are delivered to AMPS, and then rely on
-the connection logic to replay messages as necessary when the
-application restarts.</p>
-<p>For example, the following code flushes messages to AMPS, then warns if
-not all messages have been acknowledged:</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ha-publisher&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-         <span class="s2">&quot;/mnt/fastDisk/moreImportantMessages.outgoing&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-         <span class="s2">&quot;/mnt/fastDisk/moreImportantMessages.incoming&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-<span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect_and_logon</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="c1"># Publish messages</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-<span class="c1"># We think we are done, but the server may not</span>
-<span class="c1"># have received or acknowledged all messages yet.</span>
-<span class="c1"># Wait for the server to have received all messages.</span>
-<span class="c1"># The program could also specify a timeout in this</span>
-<span class="c1"># command to avoid blocking forever if the network</span>
-<span class="c1"># is down or all servers are offline.</span>
-<span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">publish_flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="c1"># Print warning to the console if messages have</span>
-<span class="c1"># been published but not yet acknowledged as</span>
-<span class="c1"># persisted</span>
-<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_unpersisted_count</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s2">&quot;all messages have been published, &quot;</span> \
-        <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; but not all have been persisted&quot;</span> <span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">disconnect</span><span class="p">()</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>Example 9.4:</strong> <em>HAPublisher</em></p>
-<p id="index-10">In this example, the client sends each
-message immediately when <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish()</span></code> is called. If AMPS becomes
-unavailable between the final <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">publish()</span></code> and the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disconnect()</span></code>, or
-one of the servers that the AMPS instance replicates to is offline, the
-client may not have received a persisted acknowledgment for all of the
-published messages. For example, if a message has not yet been persisted
-by all of the servers in the replication fabric that are connected with
-synchronous replication, AMPS will not have acknowledged the message.</p>
-<p>Before shutting down the client, the code does two This code first
-flushes messages to the server to ensure that all messages have been
-delivered to AMPS.</p>
-<p>The code next checks to see if all of the messages in the publish store
-have been acknowledged as persisted by AMPS. If the messages have not
-been acknowledged, they will remain in the publish store file and will
-be published to AMPS, if necessary, the next time the application
-connects. An application may choose to loop until
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_unpersisted_count()</span></code> returns <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, or (as we do in this case)
-simply warn that AMPS has not confirmed that the messages are fully
-persisted. The behavior you choose in your application should be
-consistent with the high-availability guarantees your application needs
-to provide.</p>
-<div class="admonition caution">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Caution</p>
-<p class="last">AMPS uses the name of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> to determine the
-origin of messages. For the AMPS server to correctly
-identify duplicate messages, each instance of an
-application that publishes messages must use a distinct
-name. That name must be consistent across different runs
-of the application.</p>
-</div>
-<p>If your application crashes or is terminated, some published messages
-may not have been persisted in the AMPS server. If you use the
-file-based store—in other words, if you provide file names for
-persistent storage when you create the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>—the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>
-will recover the messages, and once logged on, will correlate the
-message store to what the AMPS server has received, re-publishing any
-missing messages. This occurs automatically when <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> connects,
-without any explicit consideration in your code, other than ensuring
-that the same file name is used to create the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> if recovery
-is desired.</p>
-<div class="admonition warning">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
-<p class="last">AMPS provides persisted acknowledgment messages for
-topics that do not have a transaction log enabled.
-However, the level of durability provided for topics with
-no transaction log is minimal. Learn more about
-transaction logs in the <em>User Guide</em>.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="detecting-failover-ahead-of-replication">
-<h2>Detecting Failover Ahead of Replication<a class="headerlink" href="#detecting-failover-ahead-of-replication" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>AMPS replication provides two different acknowledgement modes
-for outgoing replication links from an instance:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li>For a link in in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sync</span></code> acknowledgement mode, a message must
-be successfully acknowledged by the downstream instance of AMPS
-before this instance of AMPS will acknowledge the message.</li>
-<li>For a link in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">async</span></code> acknowledgement mode, this link is
-not considered for acknowledging the message. In this mode,
-the downstream side of the replication link may not have
-received or processed the message at the time that
-the publisher receives an acknowledgement.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>As described in the <em>AMPS User Guide</em>, a publisher must not
-failover from one instance of AMPS to another instance when
-any link between those instances uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">async</span></code> acknowledgement
-<em>unless</em> replication is certain to have reached that instance.
-(For example, if replication is taking a maximum of 1.2 seconds
-between the instances and the publisher has been disconnected for
-30 seconds, all messages from that publisher will have been
-replicated).</p>
-<p>To help detect a situation where a publisher may be
-&#8220;jumping ahead&#8221; of messages that it has published but which
-have not yet been replicated, the AMPS client allows an application
-to consider it to be an error to make a connection to a server
-that has not received messages previously published by the application.</p>
-<p>To enable this behavior, se the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_error_on_publish_gap()</span></code> method on
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code> that is set for the client.
-When this property is set, the client will consider it to be a
-error to connect to a server that has not received messages
-previously published by the client, and consider the connection
-to have failed.</p>
-<p>Notice that an application that uses this approach may need to
-handle situations where no server has received the message, particularly
-if the replication configuration uses automated replication downgrade.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="considerations-for-subscribers">
-<h2>Considerations for Subscribers<a class="headerlink" href="#considerations-for-subscribers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> provides two important features for applications that
-subscribe to one or more topics: re-subscription, and a bookmark store
-to track the correct point at which to resume a bookmark subscription.</p>
-<div class="section" id="resubscription-with-asynchronous-message-processing">
-<h3>Resubscription With Asynchronous Message Processing<a class="headerlink" href="#resubscription-with-asynchronous-message-processing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>Any asynchronous subscription placed using an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> is
-automatically reinstated after a disconnect or a failover. These
-subscriptions are placed in an in-memory <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SubscriptionManager</span></code>, which
-is created automatically when the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> is instantiated.</p>
-<p>When a re-subscription occurs, the AMPS Python Client re-executes the
-command as originally submitted, including the original topic, options,
-and so on. AMPS sends the subscriber any messages for the specified
-topic (or topic expression) that are published after the subscription is
-placed. For a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sow_and_subscribe</span></code> command, this means that the client
-reissues the full command, including the SOW query as well as the
-subscription.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="resubscription-with-synchronous-message-processing">
-<h3>Resubscription With Synchronous Message Processing<a class="headerlink" href="#resubscription-with-synchronous-message-processing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> (starting with the AMPS Python Client version 4.3.1.1)
-does not track synchronous message processing subscriptions in the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SubscriptionManager</span></code>. The reason for this is to preserve the iterator
-semantics. That is, once the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MessageStream</span></code> indicates that there are
-no more elements in the stream, it does not suddenly produce more
-elements.</p>
-<p>To resubscribe when the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> fails over, you can simply reissue
-the subscription. For example, the snippet below re-issues the subscribe
-command when the message stream ends:</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">still_need_to_process</span><span class="p">:</span>
- <span class="c1"># Exiting the for loop is the end of stream.</span>
- <span class="c1"># For a subscribe, this likely means that the</span>
- <span class="c1"># client has disconnected.</span>
- <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
-   <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">message</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subscribe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;messages&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-     <span class="c1"># process messages here</span>
-     <span class="c1"># check condition on still_need_to_process</span>
-     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">still_need_to_process</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">break</span>
- <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DisconnectedException</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
-     <span class="k">pass</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>Example 9.5:</strong> <em>Resubscription</em></p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="bookmark-stores">
-<h3>Bookmark Stores<a class="headerlink" href="#bookmark-stores" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>In cases where it is critical not to miss a single message, it is
-important to be able to resume a subscription at the exact point that a
-failure occurred. In this case, simply recreating a subscription isn&#8217;t
-sufficient. Even though the subscription is recreated, the subscriber
-may have been disconnected at precisely the wrong time, and will not see
-the message.</p>
-<p>To ensure delivery of every message from a topic or set of topics, the
-AMPS <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> includes a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code> that, combined with the
-bookmark subscription and transaction log functionality in the AMPS
-server, ensures that clients receive any messages that might have been
-missed. The client stores the bookmark associated with each message
-received, and tracks whether the application has processed that message;
-if a disconnect occurs, the client uses the BookmarkStore to determine
-the correct resubscription point, and sends that bookmark to AMPS when
-it re-subscribes. AMPS then replays messages from its transaction log
-from the point after the specified bookmark, thus ensuring the client is
-completely up-to-date.</p>
-<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> helps you to take advantage of this bookmark mechanism
-through the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code> interface and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bookmarkSubscribe()</span></code>
-method on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code>. When you create subscriptions with
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bookmarkSubscribe()</span></code>, whenever a disconnection or failover occurs,
-your application automatically resubscribes to the message after the
-last message it processed. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClients</span></code> created by
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">createFileBacked()</span></code> additionally store these bookmarks on disk, so
-that the application can restart with the appropriate message if the
-client application fails and restarts.</p>
-<p>To take advantage of bookmark subscriptions, do the following:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li>Ensure the topic(s) to be subscribed are included in a transaction
-log. See the <em>User Guide</em> for information on how to specify the
-contents of a transaction log.</li>
-</ul>
-<blockquote>
-<div></div></blockquote>
-<ul class="simple" id="index-11">
-<li>Use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bookmark_subscribe()</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">subscribe()</span></code> when
-creating a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">subscription()</span></code>, and decide how the application will
-manage subscription identifiers (SubIds). If you are using a
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Command</span></code> object, you can simply set the bookmark on that object.</li>
-</ul>
-<blockquote>
-<div></div></blockquote>
-<ul class="simple" id="index-12">
-<li>Use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">discard()</span></code> method in message handlers to indicate
-when a message has been fully processed by the application,
-that is, when the application does not need to receive
-the message again if the application fails over.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The following example creates a bookmark subscription against a
-transaction-logged topic, and fully processes each message as soon as it
-is delivered:</p>
-<div class="code python highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MessagePrinter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span>
-    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__call__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="p">):</span>
-       <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_data</span><span class="p">())</span>
-       <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">discard</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-<span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HAClient</span><span class="p">(</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;aClient&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;/logs/aClient.publishLog&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;/logs/aClient.subscribeLog&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># Create ServerChooser, populate chooser, connect client</span>
-<span class="o">...</span>
-<span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute_async</span><span class="p">(</span>                        \
-    <span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;subscribe&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>                            \
-        <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_topic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myTopic&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>                            \
-        <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_bookmark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AMPS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bookmarks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOST_RECENT</span><span class="p">)</span> \
-        <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_sub_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;MySubID&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>                          \
-        <span class="n">MessagePrinter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="p">))</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>Example 9.6:</strong> <em>HAClient subscription</em></p>
-<p>In this example, the client is a file-backed client, meaning that
-arriving bookmarks will be stored in a file (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">aClient.subscribeLog</span></code>).
-Storing these bookmarks in a file allows the application to restart the
-subscription from the last message processed, in the event of either
-server or client failure.</p>
-<div class="admonition tip">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Tip</p>
-<p class="last">For optimum performance, it is critical to discard every
-message once its processing is complete. If a message is
-never discarded, it remains in the bookmark store. During
-re-subscription, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> always restarts the
-bookmark subscription with the oldest undiscarded
-message, and then filters out any more recent messages
-that have been discarded. If an old message remains in
-the store, but is no longer important for the
-application’s functioning, then the client and the AMPS
-server will incur unnecessary network, disk, and CPU
-activity.</p>
-</div>
-<p>The fourth parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sub_id</span></code>, specifies an identifier to be used for
-this subscription. Passing <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> causes <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> to generate one
-and return it, like most other <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client</span></code> functions. However, if you
-wish to resume a subscription from a previous point after the
-application has terminated and restarted, the application must pass the
-same subscription ID as during its previous run. Passing a different
-subscription ID bypasses any recovery mechanisms, creating an entirely
-new subscription. When you use an existing subscription ID, the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> locates the last-used bookmark for that subscription in the
-local store, and attempts to re-subscribe from that point.</p>
-<ul class="simple" id="index-13">
-<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client.Bookmarks.NOW</span></code> specifies that the subscription
-should begin from the moment the server receives the subscription
-request. This results in the same messages being delivered as if you
-had invoked <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">subscribe()</span></code> instead, except that the messages will be
-accompanied by bookmarks. This is also the behavior that results if
-you supply an invalid bookmark.</li>
-</ul>
-<ul class="simple" id="index-14">
-<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client.Bookmarks.EPOCH</span></code>
-specifies that the subscription should begin from the beginning of
-the AMPS transaction log (that is, the first entry in the oldest
-journal file for the transaction log).</li>
-</ul>
-<blockquote>
-<div></div></blockquote>
-<ul class="simple" id="index-15">
-<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Client.Bookmarks.MOST_RECENT</span></code> specifies that the
-subscription should begin from the last-used message in the
-associated <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code>. Alternatively, if this subscription has
-not been seen before, it instructs the subscription to begin with
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EPOCH</span></code>. This is the most common value for this parameter, and is
-the value used in the preceding example. By using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MOST_RECENT</span></code>,
-the application automatically resumes from wherever the subscription
-left off, taking into account any messages that have already been
-processed and discarded.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>When the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> re-subscribes after a disconnection and
-reconnection, it always uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MOST_RECENT</span></code>, ensuring that the
-continued subscription always begins from the last message used before
-the disconnect, so that no messages are missed.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="conclusion">
-<h2>Conclusion<a class="headerlink" href="#conclusion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>With only a few changes, most AMPS applications can take advantage of
-the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> and associated classes to become more highly-available
-and resilient. Using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PublishStore</span></code>, publishers can ensure that
-every message published has actually been persisted by AMPS. Using
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code>, subscribers can make sure that there are no gaps or
-duplicates in the messages received. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> makes both kinds of
-applications more resilient to network and server outages and temporary
-issues, and, by using the file based <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code>, clients can recover
-their state after an unexpected termination or crash. Though
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HAClient</span></code> provides useful defaults for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Store</span></code>,
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BookmarkStore</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServerChooser</span></code>, you
-can customize any or all of these to the specific needs of your
-application and architecture.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    <div class="clearer"></div>
-  </div>
-    <div class="footer">
-      &copy;2022, 60East Technologies, Inc..
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amps-python-client 5.3.4.1__zip → 5.3.4.2__zip

amps-python-client 5.3.4.1zip → 5.3.4.2zip