aiecs 1.5.1__py3-none-any.whl

aiecs/infrastructure/graph_storage/sqlite.py

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+"""
+SQLite Graph Storage Backend
+
+Provides file-based persistent graph storage using SQLite.
+"""
+
+import json
+import aiosqlite
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from pathlib import Path
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from aiecs.domain.knowledge_graph.models.entity import Entity
+from aiecs.domain.knowledge_graph.models.relation import Relation
+from aiecs.infrastructure.graph_storage.base import GraphStore
+
+
+# SQL Schema for SQLite graph storage
+SCHEMA_SQL = """
+-- Entities table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS entities (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    entity_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    properties TEXT NOT NULL,  -- JSON
+    embedding BLOB,             -- Vector embedding (serialized)
+    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+);
+
+-- Relations table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS relations (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    relation_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    source_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    target_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    properties TEXT NOT NULL,  -- JSON
+    weight REAL DEFAULT 1.0,
+    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    FOREIGN KEY (source_id) REFERENCES entities(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    FOREIGN KEY (target_id) REFERENCES entities(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+-- Indexes for performance
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_entities_type ON entities(entity_type);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_relations_type ON relations(relation_type);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_relations_source ON relations(source_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_relations_target ON relations(target_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_relations_source_target ON relations(source_id, target_id);
+"""
+
+
+class SQLiteGraphStore(GraphStore):
+    """
+    SQLite-based graph storage implementation
+
+    Provides persistent file-based graph storage with:
+    - ACID transactions
+    - SQL-optimized queries
+    - Optional recursive CTEs for traversal
+    - Connection pooling
+
+    Features:
+    - File-based persistence (single .db file)
+    - Automatic schema initialization
+    - Efficient SQL queries for graph operations
+    - Optional Tier 2 optimizations
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        store = SQLiteGraphStore("knowledge_graph.db")
+        await store.initialize()
+
+        entity = Entity(id="e1", entity_type="Person", properties={"name": "Alice"})
+        await store.add_entity(entity)
+
+        await store.close()
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, db_path: str = ":memory:", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialize SQLite graph store
+
+        Args:
+            db_path: Path to SQLite database file (":memory:" for in-memory)
+            **kwargs: Additional SQLite connection parameters
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.db_path = db_path
+        self.conn_kwargs = kwargs
+        self.conn: Optional[aiosqlite.Connection] = None
+        self._is_initialized = False
+        self._in_transaction = False
+
+    async def initialize(self):
+        """Initialize SQLite database and create schema"""
+        # Create directory if needed
+        if self.db_path != ":memory:":
+            Path(self.db_path).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Connect to database
+        self.conn = await aiosqlite.connect(self.db_path, **self.conn_kwargs)
+
+        # Enable foreign keys
+        await self.conn.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
+
+        # Create schema
+        await self.conn.executescript(SCHEMA_SQL)
+        await self.conn.commit()
+
+        self._is_initialized = True
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close database connection"""
+        if self.conn:
+            await self.conn.close()
+            self.conn = None
+        self._is_initialized = False
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def transaction(self):
+        """
+        Transaction context manager for atomic operations
+
+        Usage:
+            ```python
+            async with store.transaction():
+                await store.add_entity(entity1)
+                await store.add_entity(entity2)
+                # Both entities added atomically
+            ```
+
+        Note: SQLite uses connection-level transactions. Within a transaction,
+        commits are deferred until the context exits successfully.
+        """
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Track transaction state to prevent auto-commits in operations
+        self._in_transaction = True
+        try:
+            # Begin transaction
+            await self.conn.execute("BEGIN")
+            yield
+            # Commit on success
+            await self.conn.commit()
+        except Exception:
+            # Rollback on error
+            await self.conn.rollback()
+            raise
+        finally:
+            self._in_transaction = False
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # Tier 1: Basic Interface (SQL-optimized implementations)
+    # =========================================================================
+
+    async def add_entity(self, entity: Entity) -> None:
+        """Add entity to SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Check if entity already exists
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute("SELECT id FROM entities WHERE id = ?", (entity.id,))
+        existing = await cursor.fetchone()
+        if existing:
+            raise ValueError(f"Entity with ID '{entity.id}' already exists")
+
+        # Serialize data
+        properties_json = json.dumps(entity.properties)
+        embedding_blob = self._serialize_embedding(entity.embedding) if entity.embedding else None
+
+        # Insert entity
+        await self.conn.execute(
+            """
+            INSERT INTO entities (id, entity_type, properties, embedding)
+            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+            """,
+            (entity.id, entity.entity_type, properties_json, embedding_blob),
+        )
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()
+
+    async def get_entity(self, entity_id: str) -> Optional[Entity]:
+        """Get entity from SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT id, entity_type, properties, embedding
+            FROM entities
+            WHERE id = ?
+            """,
+            (entity_id,),
+        )
+        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+
+        if not row:
+            return None
+
+        return self._row_to_entity(row)
+
+    async def update_entity(self, entity: Entity) -> Entity:
+        """Update entity in SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Check if entity exists
+        existing = await self.get_entity(entity.id)
+        if not existing:
+            raise ValueError(f"Entity with ID '{entity.id}' does not exist")
+
+        # Serialize data
+        properties_json = json.dumps(entity.properties)
+        embedding_blob = self._serialize_embedding(entity.embedding) if entity.embedding else None
+
+        # Update entity
+        await self.conn.execute(
+            """
+            UPDATE entities
+            SET entity_type = ?, properties = ?, embedding = ?, updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+            WHERE id = ?
+            """,
+            (entity.entity_type, properties_json, embedding_blob, entity.id),
+        )
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()
+
+        return entity
+
+    async def delete_entity(self, entity_id: str):
+        """Delete entity and its relations from SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Foreign key cascade will automatically delete relations
+        await self.conn.execute("DELETE FROM entities WHERE id = ?", (entity_id,))
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()
+
+    async def add_relation(self, relation: Relation) -> None:
+        """Add relation to SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Check if relation already exists
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute("SELECT id FROM relations WHERE id = ?", (relation.id,))
+        existing = await cursor.fetchone()
+        if existing:
+            raise ValueError(f"Relation with ID '{relation.id}' already exists")
+
+        # Check if entities exist
+        source_exists = await self.get_entity(relation.source_id)
+        target_exists = await self.get_entity(relation.target_id)
+        if not source_exists:
+            raise ValueError(f"Source entity '{relation.source_id}' does not exist")
+        if not target_exists:
+            raise ValueError(f"Target entity '{relation.target_id}' does not exist")
+
+        # Serialize data
+        properties_json = json.dumps(relation.properties)
+
+        # Insert relation
+        await self.conn.execute(
+            """
+            INSERT INTO relations (id, relation_type, source_id, target_id, properties, weight)
+            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+            """,
+            (
+                relation.id,
+                relation.relation_type,
+                relation.source_id,
+                relation.target_id,
+                properties_json,
+                relation.weight,
+            ),
+        )
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()
+
+    async def get_relation(self, relation_id: str) -> Optional[Relation]:
+        """Get relation from SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT id, relation_type, source_id, target_id, properties, weight
+            FROM relations
+            WHERE id = ?
+            """,
+            (relation_id,),
+        )
+        row = await cursor.fetchone()
+
+        if not row:
+            return None
+
+        return self._row_to_relation(row)
+
+    async def update_relation(self, relation: Relation) -> Relation:
+        """Update relation in SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Check if relation exists
+        existing = await self.get_relation(relation.id)
+        if not existing:
+            raise ValueError(f"Relation with ID '{relation.id}' does not exist")
+
+        # Serialize data
+        properties_json = json.dumps(relation.properties)
+
+        # Update relation
+        await self.conn.execute(
+            """
+            UPDATE relations
+            SET relation_type = ?, source_id = ?, target_id = ?, properties = ?,
+                weight = ?, updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+            WHERE id = ?
+            """,
+            (
+                relation.relation_type,
+                relation.source_id,
+                relation.target_id,
+                properties_json,
+                relation.weight,
+                relation.id,
+            ),
+        )
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()
+
+        return relation
+
+    async def delete_relation(self, relation_id: str):
+        """Delete relation from SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        await self.conn.execute("DELETE FROM relations WHERE id = ?", (relation_id,))
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()
+
+    async def get_neighbors(
+        self,
+        entity_id: str,
+        relation_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        direction: str = "outgoing",
+    ) -> List[Entity]:
+        """
+        Get neighboring entities connected by relations
+
+        Implements the base GraphStore interface.
+
+        Args:
+            entity_id: ID of entity to get neighbors for
+            relation_type: Optional filter by relation type
+            direction: "outgoing", "incoming", or "both"
+
+        Returns:
+            List of neighboring entities
+        """
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        neighbors = []
+
+        # Build WHERE clause for relation type
+        type_filter = ""
+        params = [entity_id]
+        if relation_type:
+            type_filter = "AND r.relation_type = ?"
+            params.append(relation_type)
+
+        # Outgoing relations
+        if direction in ["outgoing", "both"]:
+            query = f"""
+                SELECT e.id, e.entity_type, e.properties, e.embedding
+                FROM relations r
+                JOIN entities e ON r.target_id = e.id
+                WHERE r.source_id = ? {type_filter}
+            """
+
+            cursor = await self.conn.execute(query, params)
+            rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+
+            for row in rows:
+                entity = self._row_to_entity(row)
+                neighbors.append(entity)
+
+        # Incoming relations
+        if direction in ["incoming", "both"]:
+            params_incoming = [entity_id]
+            if relation_type:
+                params_incoming.append(relation_type)
+
+            query = f"""
+                SELECT e.id, e.entity_type, e.properties, e.embedding
+                FROM relations r
+                JOIN entities e ON r.source_id = e.id
+                WHERE r.target_id = ? {type_filter}
+            """
+
+            cursor = await self.conn.execute(query, params_incoming)
+            rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+
+            for row in rows:
+                entity = self._row_to_entity(row)
+                neighbors.append(entity)
+
+        return neighbors
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # Tier 2: Advanced Interface (SQL-optimized overrides)
+    # =========================================================================
+
+    async def vector_search(
+        self,
+        query_embedding: List[float],
+        entity_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        max_results: int = 10,
+        score_threshold: float = 0.0,
+    ) -> List[Tuple[Entity, float]]:
+        """
+        SQL-optimized vector similarity search
+
+        Performs cosine similarity search over entity embeddings stored in SQLite.
+        This implementation fetches all candidates and computes similarity in Python.
+
+        For production scale, consider:
+        - pgvector extension (PostgreSQL)
+        - Dedicated vector database (Qdrant, Milvus)
+        - Pre-computed ANN indexes
+
+        Args:
+            query_embedding: Query vector
+            entity_type: Optional filter by entity type
+            max_results: Maximum number of results to return
+            score_threshold: Minimum similarity score (0.0-1.0)
+
+        Returns:
+            List of (entity, similarity_score) tuples, sorted descending
+        """
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        if not query_embedding:
+            raise ValueError("Query embedding cannot be empty")
+
+        # Build query with optional type filter
+        type_filter = "WHERE entity_type = ?" if entity_type else ""
+        params = [entity_type] if entity_type else []
+
+        query = f"""
+            SELECT id, entity_type, properties, embedding
+            FROM entities
+            {type_filter}
+        """
+
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute(query, params)
+        rows = await cursor.fetchall()
+
+        # Compute similarities
+        scored_entities = []
+        for row in rows:
+            entity = self._row_to_entity(row)
+
+            # Skip entities without embeddings
+            if not entity.embedding:
+                continue
+
+            # Compute cosine similarity
+            similarity = self._cosine_similarity(query_embedding, entity.embedding)
+
+            # Filter by minimum score (score_threshold)
+            if similarity >= score_threshold:
+                scored_entities.append((entity, similarity))
+
+        # Sort by score descending and return top max_results
+        scored_entities.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
+        return scored_entities[:max_results]
+
+    async def traverse(
+        self,
+        start_entity_id: str,
+        relation_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        max_depth: int = 3,
+        max_results: int = 100,
+    ) -> List[Path]:
+        """
+        SQL-optimized traversal using recursive CTE
+
+        This overrides the default Tier 2 implementation for better performance.
+        Uses recursive CTEs in SQLite for efficient graph traversal.
+        """
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # For SQLite, we'll use the default implementation from base class
+        # which uses BFS with get_neighbors(). While recursive CTEs are powerful,
+        # building full Path objects with them is complex. The default is sufficient.
+        # Backends with native graph query languages (e.g., Neo4j with Cypher)
+        # should override this for better performance.
+        return await self._default_traverse_bfs(
+            start_entity_id, relation_type, max_depth, max_results
+        )
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # Helper Methods
+    # =========================================================================
+
+    def _row_to_entity(self, row: tuple) -> Entity:
+        """Convert database row to Entity object"""
+        entity_id, entity_type, properties_json, embedding_blob = row
+
+        properties = json.loads(properties_json)
+        embedding = self._deserialize_embedding(embedding_blob) if embedding_blob else None
+
+        return Entity(
+            id=entity_id,
+            entity_type=entity_type,
+            properties=properties,
+            embedding=embedding,
+        )
+
+    def _row_to_relation(self, row: tuple) -> Relation:
+        """Convert database row to Relation object"""
+        rel_id, rel_type, source_id, target_id, properties_json, weight = row
+
+        properties = json.loads(properties_json)
+
+        return Relation(
+            id=rel_id,
+            relation_type=rel_type,
+            source_id=source_id,
+            target_id=target_id,
+            properties=properties,
+            weight=weight,
+        )
+
+    def _serialize_embedding(self, embedding: List[float]) -> bytes:
+        """Serialize embedding vector to bytes"""
+        import struct
+
+        return struct.pack(f"{len(embedding)}f", *embedding)
+
+    def _deserialize_embedding(self, blob: bytes) -> List[float]:
+        """Deserialize embedding vector from bytes"""
+        import struct
+
+        count = len(blob) // 4  # 4 bytes per float
+        return list(struct.unpack(f"{count}f", blob))
+
+    def _cosine_similarity(self, vec1: List[float], vec2: List[float]) -> float:
+        """
+        Compute cosine similarity between two vectors
+
+        Returns value between -1 and 1, where 1 means identical direction.
+        Normalized to 0-1 range for consistency.
+
+        Args:
+            vec1: First vector
+            vec2: Second vector
+
+        Returns:
+            Cosine similarity (0.0-1.0)
+        """
+        if len(vec1) != len(vec2):
+            return 0.0
+
+        dot_product = sum(a * b for a, b in zip(vec1, vec2))
+        magnitude1 = sum(a * a for a in vec1) ** 0.5
+        magnitude2 = sum(b * b for b in vec2) ** 0.5
+
+        if magnitude1 == 0 or magnitude2 == 0:
+            return 0.0
+
+        # Cosine similarity ranges from -1 to 1, normalize to 0 to 1
+        similarity = dot_product / (magnitude1 * magnitude2)
+        return (similarity + 1) / 2
+
+    async def get_stats(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get statistics about the SQLite graph store"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        # Count entities
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entities")
+        entity_count = (await cursor.fetchone())[0]
+
+        # Count relations
+        cursor = await self.conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM relations")
+        relation_count = (await cursor.fetchone())[0]
+
+        # Database file size
+        file_size = 0
+        if self.db_path != ":memory:":
+            try:
+                file_size = Path(self.db_path).stat().st_size
+            except (OSError, ValueError):
+                pass
+
+        return {
+            "entity_count": entity_count,
+            "relation_count": relation_count,
+            "storage_type": "sqlite",
+            "db_path": self.db_path,
+            "db_size_bytes": file_size,
+            "is_initialized": self._is_initialized,
+        }
+
+    async def clear(self):
+        """Clear all data from SQLite database"""
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("GraphStore not initialized")
+
+        await self.conn.execute("DELETE FROM relations")
+        await self.conn.execute("DELETE FROM entities")
+        if not self._in_transaction:
+            await self.conn.commit()