agno 2.1.2__py3-none-any.whl → 2.3.13__py3-none-any.whl

agno/db/gcs_json/gcs_json_db.py

@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 import json
 import time
 from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 from uuid import uuid4
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from agno.tracing.schemas import Span, Trace
+
 from agno.db.base import BaseDb, SessionType
 from agno.db.gcs_json.utils import (
     apply_sorting,
     calculate_date_metrics,
+    deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db,
     fetch_all_sessions_data,
     get_dates_to_calculate_metrics_for,
+    serialize_cultural_knowledge_for_db,
 )
+from agno.db.schemas.culture import CulturalKnowledge
 from agno.db.schemas.evals import EvalFilterType, EvalRunRecord, EvalType
 from agno.db.schemas.knowledge import KnowledgeRow
 from agno.db.schemas.memory import UserMemory
@@ -34,6 +40,9 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
         metrics_table: Optional[str] = None,
         eval_table: Optional[str] = None,
         knowledge_table: Optional[str] = None,
+        culture_table: Optional[str] = None,
+        traces_table: Optional[str] = None,
+        spans_table: Optional[str] = None,
         project: Optional[str] = None,
         credentials: Optional[Any] = None,
         id: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -49,6 +58,9 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
             metrics_table (Optional[str]): Name of the JSON file to store metrics.
             eval_table (Optional[str]): Name of the JSON file to store evaluation runs.
             knowledge_table (Optional[str]): Name of the JSON file to store knowledge content.
+            culture_table (Optional[str]): Name of the JSON file to store cultural knowledge.
+            traces_table (Optional[str]): Name of the JSON file to store traces.
+            spans_table (Optional[str]): Name of the JSON file to store spans.
             project (Optional[str]): GCP project ID. If None, uses default project.
             location (Optional[str]): GCS bucket location. If None, uses default location.
             credentials (Optional[Any]): GCP credentials. If None, uses default credentials.
@@ -66,6 +78,9 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
             metrics_table=metrics_table,
             eval_table=eval_table,
             knowledge_table=knowledge_table,
+            culture_table=culture_table,
+            traces_table=traces_table,
+            spans_table=spans_table,
         )
 
         self.bucket_name = bucket_name
@@ -77,6 +92,10 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
         self.client = gcs.Client(project=project, credentials=credentials)
         self.bucket = self.client.bucket(self.bucket_name)
 
+    def table_exists(self, table_name: str) -> bool:
+        """JSON implementation, always returns True."""
+        return True
+
     def _get_blob_name(self, filename: str) -> str:
         """Get the full blob name including prefix for a given filename."""
         return f"{self.prefix}{filename}.json"
@@ -132,6 +151,14 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
             log_error(f"Error writing to the {blob_name} JSON file in GCS: {e}")
             return
 
+    def get_latest_schema_version(self):
+        """Get the latest version of the database schema."""
+        pass
+
+    def upsert_schema_version(self, version: str) -> None:
+        """Upsert the schema version into the database."""
+        pass
+
     # -- Session methods --
 
     def delete_session(self, session_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -214,10 +241,6 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
                     if user_id is not None and session_data.get("user_id") != user_id:
                         continue
 
-                    session_type_value = session_type.value if isinstance(session_type, SessionType) else session_type
-                    if session_data.get("session_type") != session_type_value:
-                        continue
-
                     if not deserialize:
                         return session_data
 
@@ -412,7 +435,7 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
             raise e
 
     def upsert_sessions(
-        self, sessions: List[Session], deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
+        self, sessions: List[Session], deserialize: Optional[bool] = True, preserve_updated_at: bool = False
     ) -> List[Union[Session, Dict[str, Any]]]:
         """
         Bulk upsert multiple sessions for improved performance on large datasets.
@@ -472,7 +495,8 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
 
             # Filter out the memory, with optional user_id verification
             memories = [
-                m for m in memories
+                m
+                for m in memories
                 if not (m.get("memory_id") == memory_id and (user_id is None or m.get("user_id") == user_id))
             ]
 
@@ -499,7 +523,8 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
 
             # Filter out memories, with optional user_id verification
             memories = [
-                m for m in memories
+                m
+                for m in memories
                 if not (m.get("memory_id") in memory_ids and (user_id is None or m.get("user_id") == user_id))
             ]
 
@@ -619,13 +644,14 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
             raise e
 
     def get_user_memory_stats(
-        self, limit: Optional[int] = None, page: Optional[int] = None
+        self, limit: Optional[int] = None, page: Optional[int] = None, user_id: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]:
         """Get user memory statistics.
 
         Args:
             limit (Optional[int]): Maximum number of results to return.
             page (Optional[int]): Page number for pagination.
+            user_id (Optional[str]): User ID for filtering.
 
         Returns:
             Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]: List of user memory statistics and total count.
@@ -636,13 +662,15 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
 
             for memory in memories:
                 memory_user_id = memory.get("user_id")
-
+                # filter by user_id if provided
+                if user_id is not None and memory_user_id != user_id:
+                    continue
                 if memory_user_id:
                     if memory_user_id not in user_stats:
                         user_stats[memory_user_id] = {
                             "user_id": memory_user_id,
                             "total_memories": 0,
-                            "last_memory_updated_at": 0
+                            "last_memory_updated_at": 0,
                         }
                     user_stats[memory_user_id]["total_memories"] += 1
                     updated_at = memory.get("updated_at", 0)
@@ -702,7 +730,7 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
             raise e
 
     def upsert_memories(
-        self, memories: List[UserMemory], deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
+        self, memories: List[UserMemory], deserialize: Optional[bool] = True, preserve_updated_at: bool = False
     ) -> List[Union[UserMemory, Dict[str, Any]]]:
         """
         Bulk upsert multiple user memories for improved performance on large datasets.
@@ -1141,3 +1169,623 @@ class GcsJsonDb(BaseDb):
         except Exception as e:
             log_warning(f"Error renaming eval run {eval_run_id}: {e}")
             raise e
+
+    # -- Cultural Knowledge methods --
+    def clear_cultural_knowledge(self) -> None:
+        """Delete all cultural knowledge from the database.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during deletion.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._write_json_file(self.culture_table_name, [])
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_warning(f"Exception deleting all cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def delete_cultural_knowledge(self, id: str) -> None:
+        """Delete cultural knowledge by ID.
+
+        Args:
+            id (str): The ID of the cultural knowledge to delete.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during deletion.
+        """
+        try:
+            cultural_knowledge = self._read_json_file(self.culture_table_name)
+            cultural_knowledge = [item for item in cultural_knowledge if item.get("id") != id]
+            self._write_json_file(self.culture_table_name, cultural_knowledge)
+            log_debug(f"Deleted cultural knowledge with ID: {id}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_warning(f"Error deleting cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def get_cultural_knowledge(
+        self, id: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
+    ) -> Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Get cultural knowledge by ID.
+
+        Args:
+            id (str): The ID of the cultural knowledge to retrieve.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize to CulturalKnowledge object. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]: The cultural knowledge if found, None otherwise.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during retrieval.
+        """
+        try:
+            cultural_knowledge = self._read_json_file(self.culture_table_name)
+
+            for item in cultural_knowledge:
+                if item.get("id") == id:
+                    if not deserialize:
+                        return item
+                    return deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db(item)
+
+            return None
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_warning(f"Error getting cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def get_all_cultural_knowledge(
+        self,
+        agent_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        team_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        page: Optional[int] = None,
+        sort_by: Optional[str] = None,
+        sort_order: Optional[str] = None,
+        deserialize: Optional[bool] = True,
+    ) -> Union[List[CulturalKnowledge], Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]]:
+        """Get all cultural knowledge with filtering and pagination.
+
+        Args:
+            agent_id (Optional[str]): Filter by agent ID.
+            team_id (Optional[str]): Filter by team ID.
+            name (Optional[str]): Filter by name (case-insensitive partial match).
+            limit (Optional[int]): Maximum number of results to return.
+            page (Optional[int]): Page number for pagination.
+            sort_by (Optional[str]): Field to sort by.
+            sort_order (Optional[str]): Sort order ('asc' or 'desc').
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize to CulturalKnowledge objects. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[List[CulturalKnowledge], Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]]:
+                - When deserialize=True: List of CulturalKnowledge objects
+                - When deserialize=False: Tuple with list of dictionaries and total count
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during retrieval.
+        """
+        try:
+            cultural_knowledge = self._read_json_file(self.culture_table_name)
+
+            # Apply filters
+            filtered_items = []
+            for item in cultural_knowledge:
+                if agent_id is not None and item.get("agent_id") != agent_id:
+                    continue
+                if team_id is not None and item.get("team_id") != team_id:
+                    continue
+                if name is not None and name.lower() not in item.get("name", "").lower():
+                    continue
+
+                filtered_items.append(item)
+
+            total_count = len(filtered_items)
+
+            # Apply sorting
+            filtered_items = apply_sorting(filtered_items, sort_by, sort_order)
+
+            # Apply pagination
+            if limit is not None:
+                start_idx = 0
+                if page is not None:
+                    start_idx = (page - 1) * limit
+                filtered_items = filtered_items[start_idx : start_idx + limit]
+
+            if not deserialize:
+                return filtered_items, total_count
+
+            return [deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db(item) for item in filtered_items]
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_warning(f"Error getting all cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def upsert_cultural_knowledge(
+        self, cultural_knowledge: CulturalKnowledge, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
+    ) -> Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Upsert cultural knowledge in the GCS JSON file.
+
+        Args:
+            cultural_knowledge (CulturalKnowledge): The cultural knowledge to upsert.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize the result. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]: The upserted cultural knowledge.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during upsert.
+        """
+        try:
+            cultural_knowledge_list = self._read_json_file(self.culture_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=True)
+
+            # Serialize content, categories, and notes into a dict for DB storage
+            content_dict = serialize_cultural_knowledge_for_db(cultural_knowledge)
+
+            # Create the item dict with serialized content
+            cultural_knowledge_dict = {
+                "id": cultural_knowledge.id,
+                "name": cultural_knowledge.name,
+                "summary": cultural_knowledge.summary,
+                "content": content_dict if content_dict else None,
+                "metadata": cultural_knowledge.metadata,
+                "input": cultural_knowledge.input,
+                "created_at": cultural_knowledge.created_at,
+                "updated_at": int(time.time()),
+                "agent_id": cultural_knowledge.agent_id,
+                "team_id": cultural_knowledge.team_id,
+            }
+
+            # Find existing item to update
+            item_updated = False
+            for i, existing_item in enumerate(cultural_knowledge_list):
+                if existing_item.get("id") == cultural_knowledge.id:
+                    cultural_knowledge_list[i] = cultural_knowledge_dict
+                    item_updated = True
+                    break
+
+            if not item_updated:
+                cultural_knowledge_list.append(cultural_knowledge_dict)
+
+            self._write_json_file(self.culture_table_name, cultural_knowledge_list)
+
+            if not deserialize:
+                return cultural_knowledge_dict
+
+            return deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db(cultural_knowledge_dict)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_warning(f"Error upserting cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    # --- Traces ---
+    def upsert_trace(self, trace: "Trace") -> None:
+        """Create or update a single trace record in the database.
+
+        Args:
+            trace: The Trace object to store (one per trace_id).
+        """
+        try:
+            traces = self._read_json_file(self.trace_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=True)
+
+            # Check if trace exists
+            existing_idx = None
+            for i, existing in enumerate(traces):
+                if existing.get("trace_id") == trace.trace_id:
+                    existing_idx = i
+                    break
+
+            if existing_idx is not None:
+                existing = traces[existing_idx]
+
+                # workflow (level 3) > team (level 2) > agent (level 1) > child/unknown (level 0)
+                def get_component_level(workflow_id: Any, team_id: Any, agent_id: Any, name: str) -> int:
+                    is_root_name = ".run" in name or ".arun" in name
+                    if not is_root_name:
+                        return 0
+                    elif workflow_id:
+                        return 3
+                    elif team_id:
+                        return 2
+                    elif agent_id:
+                        return 1
+                    else:
+                        return 0
+
+                existing_level = get_component_level(
+                    existing.get("workflow_id"),
+                    existing.get("team_id"),
+                    existing.get("agent_id"),
+                    existing.get("name", ""),
+                )
+                new_level = get_component_level(trace.workflow_id, trace.team_id, trace.agent_id, trace.name)
+                should_update_name = new_level > existing_level
+
+                # Parse existing start_time to calculate correct duration
+                existing_start_time_str = existing.get("start_time")
+                if isinstance(existing_start_time_str, str):
+                    existing_start_time = datetime.fromisoformat(existing_start_time_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+                else:
+                    existing_start_time = trace.start_time
+
+                recalculated_duration_ms = int((trace.end_time - existing_start_time).total_seconds() * 1000)
+
+                # Update existing trace
+                existing["end_time"] = trace.end_time.isoformat()
+                existing["duration_ms"] = recalculated_duration_ms
+                existing["status"] = trace.status
+                if should_update_name:
+                    existing["name"] = trace.name
+
+                # Update context fields only if new value is not None
+                if trace.run_id is not None:
+                    existing["run_id"] = trace.run_id
+                if trace.session_id is not None:
+                    existing["session_id"] = trace.session_id
+                if trace.user_id is not None:
+                    existing["user_id"] = trace.user_id
+                if trace.agent_id is not None:
+                    existing["agent_id"] = trace.agent_id
+                if trace.team_id is not None:
+                    existing["team_id"] = trace.team_id
+                if trace.workflow_id is not None:
+                    existing["workflow_id"] = trace.workflow_id
+
+                traces[existing_idx] = existing
+            else:
+                # Add new trace
+                trace_dict = trace.to_dict()
+                trace_dict.pop("total_spans", None)
+                trace_dict.pop("error_count", None)
+                traces.append(trace_dict)
+
+            self._write_json_file(self.trace_table_name, traces)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error creating trace: {e}")
+
+    def get_trace(
+        self,
+        trace_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        run_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        """Get a single trace by trace_id or other filters.
+
+        Args:
+            trace_id: The unique trace identifier.
+            run_id: Filter by run ID (returns first match).
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Trace]: The trace if found, None otherwise.
+
+        Note:
+            If multiple filters are provided, trace_id takes precedence.
+            For other filters, the most recent trace is returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            from agno.tracing.schemas import Trace
+
+            traces = self._read_json_file(self.trace_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+            if not traces:
+                return None
+
+            # Get spans for calculating total_spans and error_count
+            spans = self._read_json_file(self.span_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+
+            # Filter traces
+            filtered = []
+            for t in traces:
+                if trace_id and t.get("trace_id") == trace_id:
+                    filtered.append(t)
+                    break
+                elif run_id and t.get("run_id") == run_id:
+                    filtered.append(t)
+
+            if not filtered:
+                return None
+
+            # Sort by start_time desc and get first
+            filtered.sort(key=lambda x: x.get("start_time", ""), reverse=True)
+            trace_data = filtered[0]
+
+            # Calculate total_spans and error_count
+            trace_spans = [s for s in spans if s.get("trace_id") == trace_data.get("trace_id")]
+            trace_data["total_spans"] = len(trace_spans)
+            trace_data["error_count"] = sum(1 for s in trace_spans if s.get("status_code") == "ERROR")
+
+            return Trace.from_dict(trace_data)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error getting trace: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def get_traces(
+        self,
+        run_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        session_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        user_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        agent_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        team_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        workflow_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        status: Optional[str] = None,
+        start_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        end_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = 20,
+        page: Optional[int] = 1,
+    ) -> tuple[List, int]:
+        """Get traces matching the provided filters with pagination.
+
+        Args:
+            run_id: Filter by run ID.
+            session_id: Filter by session ID.
+            user_id: Filter by user ID.
+            agent_id: Filter by agent ID.
+            team_id: Filter by team ID.
+            workflow_id: Filter by workflow ID.
+            status: Filter by status (OK, ERROR, UNSET).
+            start_time: Filter traces starting after this datetime.
+            end_time: Filter traces ending before this datetime.
+            limit: Maximum number of traces to return per page.
+            page: Page number (1-indexed).
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[List[Trace], int]: Tuple of (list of matching traces, total count).
+        """
+        try:
+            from agno.tracing.schemas import Trace
+
+            traces = self._read_json_file(self.trace_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+            if not traces:
+                return [], 0
+
+            # Get spans for calculating total_spans and error_count
+            spans = self._read_json_file(self.span_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+
+            # Apply filters
+            filtered = []
+            for t in traces:
+                if run_id and t.get("run_id") != run_id:
+                    continue
+                if session_id and t.get("session_id") != session_id:
+                    continue
+                if user_id and t.get("user_id") != user_id:
+                    continue
+                if agent_id and t.get("agent_id") != agent_id:
+                    continue
+                if team_id and t.get("team_id") != team_id:
+                    continue
+                if workflow_id and t.get("workflow_id") != workflow_id:
+                    continue
+                if status and t.get("status") != status:
+                    continue
+                if start_time:
+                    trace_start = t.get("start_time", "")
+                    if trace_start < start_time.isoformat():
+                        continue
+                if end_time:
+                    trace_end = t.get("end_time", "")
+                    if trace_end > end_time.isoformat():
+                        continue
+                filtered.append(t)
+
+            total_count = len(filtered)
+
+            # Sort by start_time desc
+            filtered.sort(key=lambda x: x.get("start_time", ""), reverse=True)
+
+            # Apply pagination
+            if limit and page:
+                start_idx = (page - 1) * limit
+                filtered = filtered[start_idx : start_idx + limit]
+
+            # Add total_spans and error_count to each trace
+            result_traces = []
+            for t in filtered:
+                trace_spans = [s for s in spans if s.get("trace_id") == t.get("trace_id")]
+                t["total_spans"] = len(trace_spans)
+                t["error_count"] = sum(1 for s in trace_spans if s.get("status_code") == "ERROR")
+                result_traces.append(Trace.from_dict(t))
+
+            return result_traces, total_count
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error getting traces: {e}")
+            return [], 0
+
+    def get_trace_stats(
+        self,
+        user_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        agent_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        team_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        workflow_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        start_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        end_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = 20,
+        page: Optional[int] = 1,
+    ) -> tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]:
+        """Get trace statistics grouped by session.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id: Filter by user ID.
+            agent_id: Filter by agent ID.
+            team_id: Filter by team ID.
+            workflow_id: Filter by workflow ID.
+            start_time: Filter sessions with traces created after this datetime.
+            end_time: Filter sessions with traces created before this datetime.
+            limit: Maximum number of sessions to return per page.
+            page: Page number (1-indexed).
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[List[Dict], int]: Tuple of (list of session stats dicts, total count).
+                Each dict contains: session_id, user_id, agent_id, team_id, workflow_id, total_traces,
+                first_trace_at, last_trace_at.
+        """
+        try:
+            traces = self._read_json_file(self.trace_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+            if not traces:
+                return [], 0
+
+            # Group by session_id
+            session_stats: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+
+            for t in traces:
+                trace_session_id = t.get("session_id")
+                if not trace_session_id:
+                    continue
+
+                # Apply filters
+                if user_id and t.get("user_id") != user_id:
+                    continue
+                if agent_id and t.get("agent_id") != agent_id:
+                    continue
+                if team_id and t.get("team_id") != team_id:
+                    continue
+                if workflow_id and t.get("workflow_id") != workflow_id:
+                    continue
+
+                created_at = t.get("created_at", "")
+                if start_time and created_at < start_time.isoformat():
+                    continue
+                if end_time and created_at > end_time.isoformat():
+                    continue
+
+                if trace_session_id not in session_stats:
+                    session_stats[trace_session_id] = {
+                        "session_id": trace_session_id,
+                        "user_id": t.get("user_id"),
+                        "agent_id": t.get("agent_id"),
+                        "team_id": t.get("team_id"),
+                        "workflow_id": t.get("workflow_id"),
+                        "total_traces": 0,
+                        "first_trace_at": created_at,
+                        "last_trace_at": created_at,
+                    }
+
+                session_stats[trace_session_id]["total_traces"] += 1
+                if created_at and session_stats[trace_session_id]["first_trace_at"]:
+                    if created_at < session_stats[trace_session_id]["first_trace_at"]:
+                        session_stats[trace_session_id]["first_trace_at"] = created_at
+                if created_at and session_stats[trace_session_id]["last_trace_at"]:
+                    if created_at > session_stats[trace_session_id]["last_trace_at"]:
+                        session_stats[trace_session_id]["last_trace_at"] = created_at
+
+            stats_list = list(session_stats.values())
+            total_count = len(stats_list)
+
+            # Sort by last_trace_at desc
+            stats_list.sort(key=lambda x: x.get("last_trace_at", ""), reverse=True)
+
+            # Apply pagination
+            if limit and page:
+                start_idx = (page - 1) * limit
+                stats_list = stats_list[start_idx : start_idx + limit]
+
+            # Convert ISO strings to datetime objects
+            for stat in stats_list:
+                first_at = stat.get("first_trace_at", "")
+                last_at = stat.get("last_trace_at", "")
+                if first_at:
+                    stat["first_trace_at"] = datetime.fromisoformat(first_at.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+                if last_at:
+                    stat["last_trace_at"] = datetime.fromisoformat(last_at.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+
+            return stats_list, total_count
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error getting trace stats: {e}")
+            return [], 0
+
+    # --- Spans ---
+    def create_span(self, span: "Span") -> None:
+        """Create a single span in the database.
+
+        Args:
+            span: The Span object to store.
+        """
+        try:
+            spans = self._read_json_file(self.span_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=True)
+            spans.append(span.to_dict())
+            self._write_json_file(self.span_table_name, spans)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error creating span: {e}")
+
+    def create_spans(self, spans: List) -> None:
+        """Create multiple spans in the database as a batch.
+
+        Args:
+            spans: List of Span objects to store.
+        """
+        if not spans:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            existing_spans = self._read_json_file(self.span_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=True)
+            for span in spans:
+                existing_spans.append(span.to_dict())
+            self._write_json_file(self.span_table_name, existing_spans)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error creating spans batch: {e}")
+
+    def get_span(self, span_id: str):
+        """Get a single span by its span_id.
+
+        Args:
+            span_id: The unique span identifier.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Span]: The span if found, None otherwise.
+        """
+        try:
+            from agno.tracing.schemas import Span
+
+            spans = self._read_json_file(self.span_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+
+            for s in spans:
+                if s.get("span_id") == span_id:
+                    return Span.from_dict(s)
+
+            return None
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error getting span: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def get_spans(
+        self,
+        trace_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        parent_span_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = 1000,
+    ) -> List:
+        """Get spans matching the provided filters.
+
+        Args:
+            trace_id: Filter by trace ID.
+            parent_span_id: Filter by parent span ID.
+            limit: Maximum number of spans to return.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Span]: List of matching spans.
+        """
+        try:
+            from agno.tracing.schemas import Span
+
+            spans = self._read_json_file(self.span_table_name, create_table_if_not_found=False)
+            if not spans:
+                return []
+
+            # Apply filters
+            filtered = []
+            for s in spans:
+                if trace_id and s.get("trace_id") != trace_id:
+                    continue
+                if parent_span_id and s.get("parent_span_id") != parent_span_id:
+                    continue
+                filtered.append(s)
+
+            # Apply limit
+            if limit:
+                filtered = filtered[:limit]
+
+            return [Span.from_dict(s) for s in filtered]
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error getting spans: {e}")
+            return []