Cython 3.1.0a1__py3-none-any.whl

Cython/Utility/TypeConversion.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1329 @@
+/////////////// TypeConversions.proto ///////////////
+//@requires: StringTools.c::IncludeStringH
+
+/* Type Conversion Predeclarations */
+
+#define __Pyx_uchar_cast(c) ((unsigned char)c)
+#define __Pyx_long_cast(x) ((long)x)
+
+#define __Pyx_fits_Py_ssize_t(v, type, is_signed)  (    \
+    (sizeof(type) < sizeof(Py_ssize_t))  ||             \
+    (sizeof(type) > sizeof(Py_ssize_t) &&               \
+          likely(v < (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX ||            \
+                 v == (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)  &&         \
+          (!is_signed || likely(v > (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MIN ||       \
+                                v == (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)))  ||  \
+    (sizeof(type) == sizeof(Py_ssize_t) &&              \
+          (is_signed || likely(v < (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX ||        \
+                               v == (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)))  )
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_is_valid_index(Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t limit) {
+    // Optimisation from Section 14.2 "Bounds Checking" in
+    //   https://www.agner.org/optimize/optimizing_cpp.pdf
+    // See https://bugs.python.org/issue28397
+    // The cast to unsigned effectively tests for "0 <= i < limit".
+    return (size_t) i < (size_t) limit;
+}
+
+// fast and unsafe abs(Py_ssize_t) that ignores the overflow for (-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX-1)
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
+    #include <cstdlib>
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) std::abs(value)
+#elif SIZEOF_INT >= SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) abs(value)
+#elif SIZEOF_LONG >= SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) labs(value)
+#elif defined (_MSC_VER)
+    // abs() is defined for long, but 64-bits type on MSVC is long long.
+    // Use MS-specific _abs64 instead.
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) ((Py_ssize_t)_abs64(value))
+#elif defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) llabs(value)
+#elif defined (__GNUC__)
+    // gcc or clang on 64 bit windows.
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) __builtin_llabs(value)
+#else
+    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) ((value<0) ? -value : value)
+#endif
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_ssize_strlen(const char *s);
+static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(PyObject*);
+static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(PyObject*, Py_ssize_t* length);
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromString(const char*);
+#define __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(s, l) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((const char*)s, l)
+#define __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString        PyBytes_FromString
+#define __Pyx_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString(const char*);
+
+#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableString(s)     ((char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableSString(s)    ((signed char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableUString(s)    ((unsigned char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsString(s)     ((const char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsSString(s)    ((const signed char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsUString(s)    ((const unsigned char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
+#else
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableString(s)     ((char*) PyBytes_AsString(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableSString(s)    ((signed char*) PyBytes_AsString(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableUString(s)    ((unsigned char*) PyBytes_AsString(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsString(s)     ((const char*) PyBytes_AsString(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsSString(s)    ((const signed char*) PyBytes_AsString(s))
+    #define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsUString(s)    ((const unsigned char*) PyBytes_AsString(s))
+#endif
+#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsWritableString(s)    ((char*)(__pyx_uintptr_t) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
+#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsWritableSString(s)    ((signed char*)(__pyx_uintptr_t) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
+#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsWritableUString(s)    ((unsigned char*)(__pyx_uintptr_t) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
+#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsSString(s)    ((const signed char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
+#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsUString(s)    ((const unsigned char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
+#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromCString(s)  __Pyx_PyObject_FromString((const char*)s)
+#define __Pyx_PyBytes_FromCString(s)   __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString((const char*)s)
+#define __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromCString(s)   __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromString((const char*)s)
+#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromCString(s) __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString((const char*)s)
+#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(o)       PyUnicode_FromOrdinal((int)o)
+#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsUnicode            PyUnicode_AsUnicode
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_NewRef(PyObject *obj) {
+#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030a0000 || defined(Py_NewRef)
+    return Py_NewRef(obj);
+#else
+    Py_INCREF(obj);
+    return obj;
+#endif
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_XNewRef(PyObject *obj) {
+#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030a0000 || defined(Py_XNewRef)
+    return Py_XNewRef(obj);
+#else
+    Py_XINCREF(obj);
+    return obj;
+#endif
+}
+
+#define __Pyx_Owned_Py_None(b) __Pyx_NewRef(Py_None)
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyBool_FromLong(long b);
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject*);
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrueAndDecref(PyObject*);
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_Long(PyObject* x);
+
+#define __Pyx_PySequence_Tuple(obj) \
+    (likely(PyTuple_CheckExact(obj)) ? __Pyx_NewRef(obj) : PySequence_Tuple(obj))
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject*);
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t);
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_hash_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsHash_t(PyObject*);
+
+#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS
+#define __Pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x) (PyFloat_CheckExact(x) ? PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(x) : PyFloat_AsDouble(x))
+#define __Pyx_PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(x) PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(x)
+#else
+#define __Pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x) PyFloat_AsDouble(x)
+#define __Pyx_PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(x) PyFloat_AsDouble(x)
+#endif
+#define __Pyx_PyFloat_AsFloat(x) ((float) __Pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x))
+
+// We call this __Pyx_PyNumber_Int() since it's the equivalent of the int() function call.
+#define __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x) (PyLong_CheckExact(x) ? __Pyx_NewRef(x) : PyNumber_Long(x))
+// __Pyx_PyNumber_Float is now in its own section since it has dependencies (needed to make
+// string conversion work the same in all circumstances).
+
+#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C00A7
+  #ifndef _PyLong_SIGN_MASK
+    #define _PyLong_SIGN_MASK 3
+  #endif
+  #ifndef _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS
+    #define _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS 3
+  #endif
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_Sign(x)  (((PyLongObject*)x)->long_value.lv_tag & _PyLong_SIGN_MASK)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsNeg(x)  ((__Pyx_PyLong_Sign(x) & 2) != 0)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsNonNeg(x)  (!__Pyx_PyLong_IsNeg(x))
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsZero(x)  (__Pyx_PyLong_Sign(x) & 1)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsPos(x)  (__Pyx_PyLong_Sign(x) == 0)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValueUnsigned(x)  (__Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)[0])
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_DigitCount(x)  ((Py_ssize_t) (((PyLongObject*)x)->long_value.lv_tag >> _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS))
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_SignedDigitCount(x)  \
+        ((1 - (Py_ssize_t) __Pyx_PyLong_Sign(x)) * __Pyx_PyLong_DigitCount(x))
+
+  #if defined(PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact) && defined(PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue)
+    #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(x)     PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact((PyLongObject*) x)
+    #define __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValue(x)  PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue((PyLongObject*) x)
+  #else
+    #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(x)     (((PyLongObject*)x)->long_value.lv_tag < (2 << _PyLong_NON_SIZE_BITS))
+    #define __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValue(x)  ((1 - (Py_ssize_t) __Pyx_PyLong_Sign(x)) * (Py_ssize_t) __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)[0])
+  #endif
+
+  // CPython 3.12 requires C99, which defines 'size_t' (but not 'ssize_t')
+  typedef Py_ssize_t  __Pyx_compact_pylong;
+  typedef size_t  __Pyx_compact_upylong;
+
+  #else  /* Py < 3.12 */
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsNeg(x)  (Py_SIZE(x) < 0)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsNonNeg(x)  (Py_SIZE(x) >= 0)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsZero(x)  (Py_SIZE(x) == 0)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsPos(x)  (Py_SIZE(x) > 0)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValueUnsigned(x)  ((Py_SIZE(x) == 0) ? 0 : __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)[0])
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_DigitCount(x)  __Pyx_sst_abs(Py_SIZE(x))
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_SignedDigitCount(x)  Py_SIZE(x)
+
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(x)  (Py_SIZE(x) == 0 || Py_SIZE(x) == 1 || Py_SIZE(x) == -1)
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValue(x)  \
+        ((Py_SIZE(x) == 0) ? (sdigit) 0 : ((Py_SIZE(x) < 0) ? -(sdigit)__Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)[0] : (sdigit)__Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)[0]))
+
+  typedef sdigit  __Pyx_compact_pylong;
+  typedef digit  __Pyx_compact_upylong;
+  #endif
+
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C00A5
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)  (((PyLongObject*)x)->long_value.ob_digit)
+  #else
+  #define __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x)  (((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit)
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_UTF8
+  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(c_str, size, NULL)
+#elif __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
+  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_DecodeASCII(c_str, size, NULL)
+#else
+  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_Decode(c_str, size, __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING, NULL)
+#endif
+
+/////////////// TypeConversions ///////////////
+
+/* Type Conversion Functions */
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_ssize_strlen(const char *s) {
+    size_t len = strlen(s);
+    if (unlikely(len > (size_t) PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "byte string is too long");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return (Py_ssize_t) len;
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString(const char* c_str) {
+    Py_ssize_t len = __Pyx_ssize_strlen(c_str);
+    if (unlikely(len < 0)) return NULL;
+    return __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, len);
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromString(const char* c_str) {
+    Py_ssize_t len = __Pyx_ssize_strlen(c_str);
+    if (unlikely(len < 0)) return NULL;
+    return PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(c_str, len);
+}
+
+// Py3.7 returns a "const char*" for unicode strings
+static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(PyObject* o) {
+    Py_ssize_t ignore;
+    return __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(o, &ignore);
+}
+
+#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII || __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_UTF8
+static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(PyObject* o, Py_ssize_t *length) {
+    if (unlikely(__Pyx_PyUnicode_READY(o) == -1)) return NULL;
+#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API
+    {
+        const char* result;
+        Py_ssize_t unicode_length;
+        CYTHON_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(unicode_length); // only for __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
+        #if __PYX_LIMITED_VERSION_HEX < 0x030A0000
+        if (unlikely(PyArg_Parse(o, "s#", &result, length) < 0)) return NULL;
+        #else
+        result = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(o, length);
+        #endif
+        #if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
+        // Pre-checking "isascii" the Limited API involves making Python function calls.
+        // Therefore we do a post-check instead that the lengths of the encoded and unicode
+        // strings are the same (which is only true for ascii strings).
+        // If this isn't true then we've already done the encoding so it's a potential
+        // performance loss, but it should be better in the successful case.
+        unicode_length = PyUnicode_GetLength(o);
+        if (unlikely(unicode_length < 0)) return NULL;
+        if (unlikely(unicode_length != *length)) {
+            // raise the error
+            PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(o);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        #endif
+        return result;
+    }
+#else /* CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API */
+#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
+    if (likely(PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(o))) {
+        // cached for the lifetime of the object
+        *length = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(o);
+        return PyUnicode_AsUTF8(o);
+    } else {
+        // raise the error
+        PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(o);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#else
+    return PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(o, length);
+#endif /* __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII */
+#endif /* !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API */
+}
+#endif
+
+// Py3.7 returns a "const char*" for unicode strings
+static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(PyObject* o, Py_ssize_t *length) {
+#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII || __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_UTF8
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(o)) {
+        return __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(o, length);
+    } else
+#endif
+
+#if (!CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API) || (defined(PyByteArray_AS_STRING) && defined(PyByteArray_GET_SIZE))
+    if (PyByteArray_Check(o)) {
+        *length = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(o);
+        return PyByteArray_AS_STRING(o);
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+        char* result;
+        int r = PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(o, &result, length);
+        if (unlikely(r < 0)) {
+            return NULL;
+        } else {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Note: __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue is written to minimize branching. */
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject* x) {
+   int is_true = x == Py_True;
+   if (is_true | (x == Py_False) | (x == Py_None)) return is_true;
+   else return PyObject_IsTrue(x);
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrueAndDecref(PyObject* x) {
+    int retval;
+    if (unlikely(!x)) return -1;
+    retval = __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(x);
+    Py_DECREF(x);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+static PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_LongWrongResultType(PyObject* result) {
+    __Pyx_TypeName result_type_name = __Pyx_PyType_GetName(Py_TYPE(result));
+    if (PyLong_Check(result)) {
+        // CPython issue #17576: warn if 'result' not of exact type int.
+        if (PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
+                "__int__ returned non-int (type " __Pyx_FMT_TYPENAME ").  "
+                "The ability to return an instance of a strict subclass of int is deprecated, "
+                "and may be removed in a future version of Python.",
+                result_type_name)) {
+            __Pyx_DECREF_TypeName(result_type_name);
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        __Pyx_DECREF_TypeName(result_type_name);
+        return result;
+    }
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "__int__ returned non-int (type " __Pyx_FMT_TYPENAME ")",
+                 result_type_name);
+    __Pyx_DECREF_TypeName(result_type_name);
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_Long(PyObject* x) {
+#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
+  PyNumberMethods *m;
+#endif
+  PyObject *res = NULL;
+  if (likely(PyLong_Check(x)))
+      return __Pyx_NewRef(x);
+#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
+  m = Py_TYPE(x)->tp_as_number;
+  if (likely(m && m->nb_int)) {
+      res = m->nb_int(x);
+  }
+#else
+  if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(x) && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(x)) {
+      res = PyNumber_Long(x);
+  }
+#endif
+  if (likely(res)) {
+      if (unlikely(!PyLong_CheckExact(res))) {
+          return __Pyx_PyNumber_LongWrongResultType(res);
+      }
+  }
+  else if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                      "an integer is required");
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+{{py: from Cython.Utility import pylong_join }}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject* b) {
+  Py_ssize_t ival;
+  PyObject *x;
+  if (likely(PyLong_CheckExact(b))) {
+    #if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
+    // handle most common case first to avoid indirect branch and optimise branch prediction
+    if (likely(__Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(b))) {
+        return __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValue(b);
+    } else {
+      const digit* digits = __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(b);
+      const Py_ssize_t size = __Pyx_PyLong_SignedDigitCount(b);
+      switch (size) {
+         {{for _size in (2, 3, 4)}}
+         {{for _case in (_size, -_size)}}
+         case {{_case}}:
+           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > {{_size}} * PyLong_SHIFT) {
+             return {{'-' if _case < 0 else ''}}(Py_ssize_t) {{pylong_join(_size, 'digits', 'size_t')}};
+           }
+           break;
+         {{endfor}}
+         {{endfor}}
+      }
+    }
+    #endif
+    return PyLong_AsSsize_t(b);
+  }
+  x = PyNumber_Index(b);
+  if (!x) return -1;
+  ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(x);
+  Py_DECREF(x);
+  return ival;
+}
+
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_hash_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsHash_t(PyObject* o) {
+  if (sizeof(Py_hash_t) == sizeof(Py_ssize_t)) {
+    return (Py_hash_t) __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(o);
+  } else {
+    Py_ssize_t ival;
+    PyObject *x;
+    x = PyNumber_Index(o);
+    if (!x) return -1;
+    ival = PyLong_AsLong(x);
+    Py_DECREF(x);
+    return ival;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyBool_FromLong(long b) {
+  return b ? __Pyx_NewRef(Py_True) : __Pyx_NewRef(Py_False);
+}
+
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t ival) {
+    return PyLong_FromSize_t(ival);
+}
+
+/////////////// pynumber_float.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx__PyNumber_Float(PyObject* obj); /* proto */
+#define __Pyx_PyNumber_Float(x) (PyFloat_CheckExact(x) ? __Pyx_NewRef(x) : __Pyx__PyNumber_Float(x))
+
+/////////////// pynumber_float ///////////////
+//@requires: Optimize.c::pybytes_as_double
+//@requires: Optimize.c::pyunicode_as_double
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx__PyNumber_Float(PyObject* obj) {
+    // 'obj is PyFloat' is handled in the calling macro
+    double val;
+    if (PyLong_CheckExact(obj)) {
+#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
+        if (likely(__Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(obj))) {
+            val = (double) __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValue(obj);
+            goto no_error;
+        }
+#endif
+        val = PyLong_AsDouble(obj);
+    } else if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(obj)) {
+        val = __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsDouble(obj);
+    } else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(obj)) {
+        val = __Pyx_PyBytes_AsDouble(obj);
+    } else if (PyByteArray_CheckExact(obj)) {
+        val = __Pyx_PyByteArray_AsDouble(obj);
+    } else {
+        return PyNumber_Float(obj);
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
+no_error:
+#endif
+    return PyFloat_FromDouble(val);
+}
+
+/////////////// GCCDiagnostics.proto ///////////////
+
+// GCC diagnostic pragmas were introduced in GCC 4.6
+// Used to silence conversion warnings that are ok but cannot be avoided.
+#if !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6))
+#define __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#endif
+
+
+/////////////// ToPyCTupleUtility.proto ///////////////
+static PyObject* {{funcname}}({{struct_type_decl}});
+
+/////////////// ToPyCTupleUtility ///////////////
+static PyObject* {{funcname}}({{struct_type_decl}} value) {
+    PyObject* item = NULL;
+    PyObject* result = PyTuple_New({{size}});
+    if (!result) goto bad;
+
+    {{for ix, component in enumerate(components):}}
+        {{py:attr = "value.f%s" % ix}}
+        item = {{component.to_py_function}}({{attr}});
+        if (!item) goto bad;
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result, {{ix}}, item);
+    {{endfor}}
+
+    return result;
+bad:
+    Py_XDECREF(item);
+    Py_XDECREF(result);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/////////////// FromPyCTupleUtility.proto ///////////////
+static CYTHON_INLINE {{struct_type_decl}} {{funcname}}(PyObject *);
+
+/////////////// FromPyCTupleUtility ///////////////
+
+#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_SIZE && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
+static void __Pyx_tuple_{{funcname}}(PyObject * o, {{struct_type_decl}} *result) {
+    {{for ix, component in enumerate(components):}}
+        {{py:attr = "result->f%s" % ix}}
+        {{attr}} = {{component.from_py_function}}(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, {{ix}}));
+        if ({{component.error_condition(attr)}}) goto bad;
+    {{endfor}}
+    return;
+bad:
+    return;
+}
+
+static void __Pyx_list_{{funcname}}(PyObject * o, {{struct_type_decl}} *result) {
+    {{for ix, component in enumerate(components):}}
+        {{py:attr = "result->f%s" % ix}}
+        {{attr}} = {{component.from_py_function}}(PyList_GET_ITEM(o, {{ix}}));
+        if ({{component.error_condition(attr)}}) goto bad;
+    {{endfor}}
+    return;
+bad:
+    return;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void __Pyx_seq_{{funcname}}(PyObject * o, {{struct_type_decl}} *result) {
+    if (unlikely(!PySequence_Check(o))) {
+        __Pyx_TypeName o_type_name = __Pyx_PyType_GetName(Py_TYPE(o));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "Expected a sequence of size %zd, got " __Pyx_FMT_TYPENAME, (Py_ssize_t) {{size}}, o_type_name);
+        __Pyx_DECREF_TypeName(o_type_name);
+        goto bad;
+    } else if (unlikely(PySequence_Length(o) != {{size}})) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "Expected a sequence of size %zd, got size %zd", (Py_ssize_t) {{size}}, PySequence_Length(o));
+        goto bad;
+    }
+
+    {
+        PyObject *item;
+    {{for ix, component in enumerate(components):}}
+        {{py:attr = "result->f%s" % ix}}
+        item = __Pyx_PySequence_ITEM(o, {{ix}});  if (unlikely(!item)) goto bad;
+        {{attr}} = {{component.from_py_function}}(item);
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if ({{component.error_condition(attr)}}) goto bad;
+    {{endfor}}
+    }
+    return;
+bad:
+    return;
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE {{struct_type_decl}} {{funcname}}(PyObject * o) {
+    {{struct_type_decl}} result;
+
+    #if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_SIZE && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
+    if (likely(PyTuple_Check(o) && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o) == {{size}})) {
+        __Pyx_tuple_{{funcname}}(o, &result);
+    } else if (likely(PyList_Check(o) && PyList_GET_SIZE(o) == {{size}})) {
+        __Pyx_list_{{funcname}}(o, &result);
+    } else
+    #endif
+    {
+        __Pyx_seq_{{funcname}}(o, &result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/////////////// UnicodeAsUCS4.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UCS4 __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject*);
+
+/////////////// UnicodeAsUCS4 ///////////////
+
+static void __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsPy_UCS4_error(Py_ssize_t length) {
+    if (likely(length >= 0)) {
+        // "length == -1" indicates an error already.
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "only single character unicode strings can be converted to Py_UCS4, "
+                     "got length %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d", length);
+    }
+}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UCS4 __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject* x) {
+    Py_ssize_t length = __Pyx_PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(x);
+    if (unlikely(length != 1)) {
+        __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsPy_UCS4_error(length);
+        return (Py_UCS4)-1;
+    }
+    return __Pyx_PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(x, 0);
+}
+
+
+/////////////// ObjectAsUCS4.proto ///////////////
+//@requires: UnicodeAsUCS4
+
+static Py_UCS4 __Pyx__PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject*);
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UCS4 __Pyx_PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject *x) {
+    return (likely(PyUnicode_Check(x)) ? __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsPy_UCS4(x) : __Pyx__PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(x));
+}
+
+
+/////////////// ObjectAsUCS4 ///////////////
+
+static void __Pyx__PyObject_AsPy_UCS4_raise_error(long ival) {
+   if (ival < 0) {
+       if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+           PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                           "cannot convert negative value to Py_UCS4");
+   } else {
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "value too large to convert to Py_UCS4");
+   }
+}
+
+static Py_UCS4 __Pyx__PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject* x) {
+   long ival;
+   ival = __Pyx_PyLong_As_long(x);
+   if (unlikely(!__Pyx_is_valid_index(ival, 1114111 + 1))) {
+       __Pyx__PyObject_AsPy_UCS4_raise_error(ival);
+       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
+   }
+   return (Py_UCS4)ival;
+}
+
+
+/////////////// ObjectAsPyUnicode.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UNICODE __Pyx_PyObject_AsPy_UNICODE(PyObject*);
+
+/////////////// ObjectAsPyUnicode ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UNICODE __Pyx_PyObject_AsPy_UNICODE(PyObject* x) {
+    long ival;
+  #if defined(Py_UNICODE_SIZE) && Py_UNICODE_SIZE == 2
+    const long maxval = 65535;
+  #else
+    const long maxval = 1114111;
+  #endif
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(x)) {
+        Py_ssize_t length = __Pyx_PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(x);
+        if (unlikely(length != 1)) {
+            // -1 indicates an error.
+            if (length >= 0) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                             "only single character unicode strings can be converted to Py_UNICODE, "
+                             "got length %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d", length);
+            }
+            return (Py_UNICODE)-1;
+        }
+        ival = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(x, 0);
+    } else {
+        ival = __Pyx_PyLong_As_long(x);
+    }
+    if (unlikely(!__Pyx_is_valid_index(ival, maxval + 1))) {
+        if (ival < 0) {
+            if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                                "cannot convert negative value to Py_UNICODE");
+            return (Py_UNICODE)-1;
+        } else {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "value too large to convert to Py_UNICODE");
+        }
+        return (Py_UNICODE)-1;
+    }
+    return (Py_UNICODE)ival;
+}
+
+
+/////////////// CIntToPy.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* {{TO_PY_FUNCTION}}({{TYPE}} value);
+
+/////////////// CIntToPy ///////////////
+//@requires: GCCDiagnostics
+//@requires: ObjectHandling.c::PyObjectVectorCallKwBuilder
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* {{TO_PY_FUNCTION}}({{TYPE}} value) {
+#ifdef __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#endif
+    const {{TYPE}} neg_one = ({{TYPE}}) -1, const_zero = ({{TYPE}}) 0;
+#ifdef __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
+    if (is_unsigned) {
+        if (sizeof({{TYPE}}) < sizeof(long)) {
+            return PyLong_FromLong((long) value);
+        } else if (sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
+            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) value);
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
+        } else if (sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
+            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG) value);
+#endif
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(long)) {
+            return PyLong_FromLong((long) value);
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
+        } else if (sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
+            return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG) value);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&value;
+#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030d00A4
+        if (is_unsigned) {
+            return PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes(bytes, sizeof(value), -1);
+        } else {
+            return PyLong_FromNativeBytes(bytes, sizeof(value), -1);
+        }
+#elif !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030d0000
+        int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
+        return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof({{TYPE}}),
+                                     little, !is_unsigned);
+#else
+        // call int.from_bytes()
+        int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
+        PyObject *from_bytes, *result = NULL, *kwds = NULL;
+        PyObject *py_bytes = NULL, *order_str = NULL;
+        from_bytes = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject*)&PyLong_Type, "from_bytes");
+        if (!from_bytes) return NULL;
+        py_bytes = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char*)bytes, sizeof({{TYPE}}));
+        if (!py_bytes) goto limited_bad;
+        // I'm deliberately not using PYIDENT here because this code path is very unlikely
+        // to ever run so it seems a pessimization mostly.
+        order_str = PyUnicode_FromString(little ? "little" : "big");
+        if (!order_str) goto limited_bad;
+        {
+            PyObject *args[3+(CYTHON_VECTORCALL ? 1 : 0)] = { NULL, py_bytes, order_str };
+            if (!is_unsigned) {
+                kwds = __Pyx_MakeVectorcallBuilderKwds(1);
+                if (!kwds) goto limited_bad;
+                if (__Pyx_VectorcallBuilder_AddArgStr("signed", __Pyx_NewRef(Py_True), kwds, args+3, 0) < 0) goto limited_bad;
+            }
+            result = __Pyx_Object_Vectorcall_CallFromBuilder(from_bytes, args+1, 2 | __Pyx_PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, kwds);
+        }
+
+        limited_bad:
+        Py_XDECREF(kwds);
+        Py_XDECREF(order_str);
+        Py_XDECREF(py_bytes);
+        Py_XDECREF(from_bytes);
+        return result;
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+
+/////////////// COrdinalToPyUnicode.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_CheckUnicodeValue(int value);
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromOrdinal_Padded(int value, Py_ssize_t width, char padding_char);
+
+/////////////// COrdinalToPyUnicode ///////////////
+//@requires: StringTools.c::BuildPyUnicode
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_CheckUnicodeValue(int value) {
+    return value <= 1114111;
+}
+
+static PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromOrdinal_Padded(int value, Py_ssize_t ulength, char padding_char) {
+    if (likely(ulength <= 250)) {
+        // Encode to UTF-8 / Latin1 buffer, then decode.
+        char chars[256];
+
+        if (value <= 255) {
+            // Simple Latin1 result, fast to decode.
+            memset(chars, padding_char, (size_t) (ulength - 1));
+            chars[ulength-1] = (char) value;
+            return PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1(chars, ulength, NULL);
+        }
+
+        char *cpos = chars + sizeof(chars);
+        if (value < 0x800) {
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b10000000 | (value & 0x3f));
+            value >>= 6;
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b11000000 | (value & 0x1f));
+        } else if (value < 0x10000) {
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b10000000 | (char) (value & 0x3f));
+            value >>= 6;
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b10000000 | (char) (value & 0x3f));
+            value >>= 6;
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b11100000 | (char) (value & 0xf));
+        } else {
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b10000000 | (char) (value & 0x3f));
+            value >>= 6;
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b10000000 | (char) (value & 0x3f));
+            value >>= 6;
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b10000000 | (char) (value & 0x3f));
+            value >>= 6;
+            *--cpos = (char) (0b11110000 | (char) (value & 0x7));
+        }
+        cpos -= ulength;
+        memset(cpos, padding_char, (size_t) (ulength - 1));
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(cpos, chars + sizeof(chars) - cpos, NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (value <= 127 && CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS) {
+        const char chars[1] = {(char) value};
+        return __Pyx_PyUnicode_BuildFromAscii(ulength, chars, 1, 0, padding_char);
+    }
+
+    {
+        PyObject *uchar, *padding_uchar, *padding, *result;
+
+        padding_uchar = PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(padding_char);
+        if (unlikely(!padding_uchar)) return NULL;
+        padding = PySequence_Repeat(padding_uchar, ulength - 1);
+        Py_DECREF(padding_uchar);
+        if (unlikely(!padding)) return NULL;
+
+        uchar = PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(value);
+        if (unlikely(!uchar)) {
+            Py_DECREF(padding);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        result = PyUnicode_Concat(padding, uchar);
+        Py_DECREF(padding);
+        Py_DECREF(uchar);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/////////////// CIntToDigits ///////////////
+
+static const char DIGIT_PAIRS_10[2*10*10+1] = {
+    "00010203040506070809"
+    "10111213141516171819"
+    "20212223242526272829"
+    "30313233343536373839"
+    "40414243444546474849"
+    "50515253545556575859"
+    "60616263646566676869"
+    "70717273747576777879"
+    "80818283848586878889"
+    "90919293949596979899"
+};
+
+static const char DIGIT_PAIRS_8[2*8*8+1] = {
+    "0001020304050607"
+    "1011121314151617"
+    "2021222324252627"
+    "3031323334353637"
+    "4041424344454647"
+    "5051525354555657"
+    "6061626364656667"
+    "7071727374757677"
+};
+
+static const char DIGITS_HEX[2*16+1] = {
+    "0123456789abcdef"
+    "0123456789ABCDEF"
+};
+
+
+/////////////// CIntToPyUnicode.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* {{TO_PY_FUNCTION}}({{TYPE}} value, Py_ssize_t width, char padding_char, char format_char);
+
+/////////////// CIntToPyUnicode ///////////////
+//@requires: StringTools.c::IncludeStringH
+//@requires: StringTools.c::BuildPyUnicode
+//@requires: COrdinalToPyUnicode
+//@requires: CIntToDigits
+//@requires: GCCDiagnostics
+
+// NOTE: inlining because most arguments are constant, which collapses lots of code below
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* {{TO_PY_FUNCTION}}({{TYPE}} value, Py_ssize_t width, char padding_char, char format_char) {
+    // simple and conservative C string allocation on the stack: each byte gives at most 3 digits, plus sign
+    char digits[sizeof({{TYPE}})*3+2];
+    // 'dpos' points to end of digits array + 1 initially to allow for pre-decrement looping
+    char *dpos, *end = digits + sizeof({{TYPE}})*3+2;
+    const char *hex_digits = DIGITS_HEX;
+    Py_ssize_t length, ulength;
+    int prepend_sign, last_one_off;
+    {{TYPE}} remaining;
+#ifdef __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#endif
+    const {{TYPE}} neg_one = ({{TYPE}}) -1, const_zero = ({{TYPE}}) 0;
+#ifdef __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
+
+    // Format 'c' (unicode character) is really a different thing but included for practical reasons.
+    if (format_char == 'c') {
+        // This check is just an awful variation on "(0 <= value <= 1114111)",
+        // but without C compiler complaints about compile time constant conditions depending on the signed/unsigned TYPE.
+        if (unlikely(!(is_unsigned || value == 0 || value > 0) ||
+                     !(sizeof(value) <= 2 || value & ~ ({{TYPE}}) 0x01fffff || __Pyx_CheckUnicodeValue((int) value)))) {
+            // PyUnicode_FromOrdinal() and chr() raise ValueError, f-strings raise OverflowError. :-/
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "%c arg not in range(0x110000)");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (width <= 1) {
+            return PyUnicode_FromOrdinal((int) value);
+        }
+        return __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromOrdinal_Padded((int) value, width, padding_char);
+    }
+
+    if (format_char == 'X') {
+        hex_digits += 16;
+        format_char = 'x';
+    }
+
+    // surprise: even trivial sprintf() calls don't get optimised in gcc (4.8)
+    remaining = value; /* not using abs(value) to avoid overflow problems */
+    last_one_off = 0;
+    dpos = end;
+    do {
+        int digit_pos;
+        switch (format_char) {
+        case 'o':
+            digit_pos = abs((int)(remaining % (8*8)));
+            remaining = ({{TYPE}}) (remaining / (8*8));
+            dpos -= 2;
+            memcpy(dpos, DIGIT_PAIRS_8 + digit_pos * 2, 2); /* copy 2 digits at a time, unaligned */
+            last_one_off = (digit_pos < 8);
+            break;
+        case 'd':
+            digit_pos = abs((int)(remaining % (10*10)));
+            remaining = ({{TYPE}}) (remaining / (10*10));
+            dpos -= 2;
+            memcpy(dpos, DIGIT_PAIRS_10 + digit_pos * 2, 2); /* copy 2 digits at a time, unaligned */
+            last_one_off = (digit_pos < 10);
+            break;
+        case 'x':
+            *(--dpos) = hex_digits[abs((int)(remaining % 16))];
+            remaining = ({{TYPE}}) (remaining / 16);
+            break;
+        default:
+            assert(0);
+            break;
+        }
+    } while (unlikely(remaining != 0));
+
+    // Correct dpos by 1 if we read an excess digit.
+    assert(!last_one_off || *dpos == '0');
+    dpos += last_one_off;
+
+    length = end - dpos;
+    ulength = length;
+    prepend_sign = 0;
+    if (!is_unsigned && value <= neg_one) {
+        if (padding_char == ' ' || width <= length + 1) {
+            *(--dpos) = '-';
+            ++length;
+        } else {
+            prepend_sign = 1;
+        }
+        ++ulength;
+    }
+    if (width > ulength) {
+        ulength = width;
+    }
+    // single character unicode strings are cached in CPython => use PyUnicode_FromOrdinal() for them
+    if (ulength == 1) {
+        return PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(*dpos);
+    }
+    return __Pyx_PyUnicode_BuildFromAscii(ulength, dpos, (int) length, prepend_sign, padding_char);
+}
+
+
+/////////////// CBIntToPyUnicode.proto ///////////////
+
+#define {{TO_PY_FUNCTION}}(value)  \
+    ((value) ? __Pyx_NewRef({{TRUE_CONST}}) : __Pyx_NewRef({{FALSE_CONST}}))
+
+
+/////////////// CIntFromPyVerify ///////////////
+
+// see CIntFromPy
+#define __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value)       \
+    __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, 0)
+
+#define __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(target_type, func_type, func_value)   \
+    __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, 1)
+
+#define __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, exc) \
+    {                                                                     \
+        func_type value = func_value;                                     \
+        if (sizeof(target_type) < sizeof(func_type)) {                    \
+            if (unlikely(value != (func_type) (target_type) value)) {     \
+                func_type zero = 0;                                       \
+                if (exc && unlikely(value == (func_type)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()))  \
+                    return (target_type) -1;                              \
+                if (is_unsigned && unlikely(value < zero))                \
+                    goto raise_neg_overflow;                              \
+                else                                                      \
+                    goto raise_overflow;                                  \
+            }                                                             \
+        }                                                                 \
+        return (target_type) value;                                       \
+    }
+
+
+/////////////// CIntFromPy.proto ///////////////
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE {{TYPE}} {{FROM_PY_FUNCTION}}(PyObject *);
+
+/////////////// CIntFromPy ///////////////
+//@requires: CIntFromPyVerify
+//@requires: GCCDiagnostics
+
+{{py: from Cython.Utility import pylong_join }}
+
+static CYTHON_INLINE {{TYPE}} {{FROM_PY_FUNCTION}}(PyObject *x) {
+#ifdef __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#endif
+    const {{TYPE}} neg_one = ({{TYPE}}) -1, const_zero = ({{TYPE}}) 0;
+#ifdef __Pyx_HAS_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
+
+    if (unlikely(!PyLong_Check(x))) {
+        {{TYPE}} val;
+        PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Long(x);
+        if (!tmp) return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+        val = {{FROM_PY_FUNCTION}}(tmp);
+        Py_DECREF(tmp);
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    if (is_unsigned) {
+#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
+        if (unlikely(__Pyx_PyLong_IsNeg(x))) {
+            goto raise_neg_overflow;
+        //} else if (__Pyx_PyLong_IsZero(x)) {
+        //    return ({{TYPE}}) 0;
+        } else if (__Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(x)) {
+            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT({{TYPE}}, __Pyx_compact_upylong, __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValueUnsigned(x))
+        } else {
+            const digit* digits = __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x);
+            assert(__Pyx_PyLong_DigitCount(x) > 1);
+            switch (__Pyx_PyLong_DigitCount(x)) {
+                {{for _size in (2, 3, 4)}}
+                case {{_size}}:
+                    if ((8 * sizeof({{TYPE}}) > {{_size-1}} * PyLong_SHIFT)) {
+                        if ((8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > {{_size}} * PyLong_SHIFT)) {
+                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT({{TYPE}}, unsigned long, {{pylong_join(_size, 'digits')}})
+                        } else if ((8 * sizeof({{TYPE}}) >= {{_size}} * PyLong_SHIFT)) {
+                            return ({{TYPE}}) {{pylong_join(_size, 'digits', TYPE)}};
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                {{endfor}}
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C00A7
+        if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
+            goto raise_neg_overflow;
+        }
+#else
+        {
+            // misuse Py_False as a quick way to compare to a '0' int object in PyPy
+            int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(x, Py_False, Py_LT);
+            if (unlikely(result < 0))
+                return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+            if (unlikely(result == 1))
+                goto raise_neg_overflow;
+        }
+#endif
+        if ((sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(unsigned long))) {
+            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC({{TYPE}}, unsigned long, PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x))
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
+        } else if ((sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG))) {
+            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC({{TYPE}}, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x))
+#endif
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        // signed
+#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
+        if (__Pyx_PyLong_IsCompact(x)) {
+            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT({{TYPE}}, __Pyx_compact_pylong, __Pyx_PyLong_CompactValue(x))
+        } else {
+            const digit* digits = __Pyx_PyLong_Digits(x);
+            assert(__Pyx_PyLong_DigitCount(x) > 1);
+            switch (__Pyx_PyLong_SignedDigitCount(x)) {
+                {{for _size in (2, 3, 4)}}
+                {{for _case in (-_size, _size)}}
+                case {{_case}}:
+                    if ((8 * sizeof({{TYPE}}){{' - 1' if _case < 0 else ''}} > {{_size-1}} * PyLong_SHIFT)) {
+                        if ((8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > {{_size}} * PyLong_SHIFT)) {
+                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT({{TYPE}}, {{'long' if _case < 0 else 'unsigned long'}}, {{'-(long) ' if _case < 0 else ''}}{{pylong_join(_size, 'digits')}})
+                        } else if ((8 * sizeof({{TYPE}}) - 1 > {{_size}} * PyLong_SHIFT)) {
+                            return ({{TYPE}}) ({{'((%s)-1)*' % TYPE if _case < 0 else ''}}{{pylong_join(_size, 'digits', TYPE)}});
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                {{endfor}}
+                {{endfor}}
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        if ((sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(long))) {
+            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC({{TYPE}}, long, PyLong_AsLong(x))
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
+        } else if ((sizeof({{TYPE}}) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG))) {
+            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC({{TYPE}}, PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsLongLong(x))
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    // large integer type and no access to PyLong internals => allow for a more expensive conversion
+    {
+        {{TYPE}} val;
+        int ret = -1;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030d00A6 && !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API
+        Py_ssize_t bytes_copied = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(
+            x, &val, sizeof(val), Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN | (is_unsigned ? Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER | Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE : 0));
+        if (unlikely(bytes_copied == -1)) {
+            // failed
+        } else if (unlikely(bytes_copied > (Py_ssize_t) sizeof(val))) {
+            goto raise_overflow;
+        } else {
+            ret = 0;
+        }
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030d0000 && !(CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API) || defined(_PyLong_AsByteArray)
+        int one = 1; int is_little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
+        unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&val;
+        ret = _PyLong_AsByteArray((PyLongObject *)x,
+                                    bytes, sizeof(val),
+                                    is_little, !is_unsigned);
+#else
+{{if IS_ENUM}}
+        // The fallback implementation uses math operations like shifting, which do not work well with enums.
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "_PyLong_AsByteArray() or PyLong_AsNativeBytes() not available, cannot convert large enums");
+        val = ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+{{else}}
+// Inefficient copy of bit chunks through the C-API.  Probably still better than a "cannot do this" exception.
+// This is substantially faster in CPython (>30%) than calling "int.to_bytes()" through the C-API.
+        PyObject *v;
+        PyObject *stepval = NULL, *mask = NULL, *shift = NULL;
+        int bits, remaining_bits, is_negative = 0;
+        int chunk_size = (sizeof(long) < 8) ? 30 : 62;
+
+        // Use exact PyLong to prevent user defined &&/<</etc. implementations (and make Py_SIZE() work below).
+        if (likely(PyLong_CheckExact(x))) {
+            v = __Pyx_NewRef(x);
+        } else {
+            v = PyNumber_Long(x);
+            if (unlikely(!v)) return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+            assert(PyLong_CheckExact(v));
+        }
+
+        // Misuse Py_False as a quick way to compare to a '0' int object.
+        {
+            int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(v, Py_False, Py_LT);
+            if (unlikely(result < 0)) {
+                Py_DECREF(v);
+                return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+            }
+            is_negative = result == 1;
+        }
+
+        if (is_unsigned && unlikely(is_negative)) {
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            goto raise_neg_overflow;
+        } else if (is_negative) {
+            // bit-invert to make sure we can safely convert it
+            stepval = PyNumber_Invert(v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            if (unlikely(!stepval))
+                return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+        } else {
+            stepval = v;
+        }
+        v = NULL;
+
+        // Unpack full chunks of bits.
+        val = ({{TYPE}}) 0;
+        mask = PyLong_FromLong((1L << chunk_size) - 1); if (unlikely(!mask)) goto done;
+        shift = PyLong_FromLong(chunk_size); if (unlikely(!shift)) goto done;
+        for (bits = 0; bits < (int) sizeof({{TYPE}}) * 8 - chunk_size; bits += chunk_size) {
+            PyObject *tmp, *digit;
+            long idigit;
+
+            digit = PyNumber_And(stepval, mask);
+            if (unlikely(!digit)) goto done;
+
+            idigit = PyLong_AsLong(digit);
+            Py_DECREF(digit);
+            if (unlikely(idigit < 0)) goto done;
+            val |= (({{TYPE}}) idigit) << bits;
+
+            tmp = PyNumber_Rshift(stepval, shift);
+            if (unlikely(!tmp)) goto done;
+            Py_DECREF(stepval); stepval = tmp;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(shift); shift = NULL;
+        Py_DECREF(mask); mask = NULL;
+
+        // Add the last bits and detect overflow.
+        {
+            long idigit = PyLong_AsLong(stepval);
+            if (unlikely(idigit < 0)) goto done;
+            remaining_bits = ((int) sizeof({{TYPE}}) * 8) - bits - (is_unsigned ? 0 : 1);
+            if (unlikely(idigit >= (1L << remaining_bits)))
+                goto raise_overflow;
+            val |= (({{TYPE}}) idigit) << bits;
+        }
+
+        // Handle sign and overflow into sign bit.
+        if (!is_unsigned) {
+            // gcc warns about unsigned (val < 0) => test sign bit instead
+            if (unlikely(val & ((({{TYPE}}) 1) << (sizeof({{TYPE}}) * 8 - 1))))
+                goto raise_overflow;
+            // undo the PyNumber_Invert() above
+            if (is_negative)
+                val = ~val;
+        }
+        ret = 0;
+    done:
+        Py_XDECREF(shift);
+        Py_XDECREF(mask);
+        Py_XDECREF(stepval);
+{{endif}}
+#endif
+        if (unlikely(ret))
+            return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+        return val;
+    }
+
+raise_overflow:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+        "value too large to convert to {{TYPE}}");
+    return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+
+raise_neg_overflow:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+        "can't convert negative value to {{TYPE}}");
+    return ({{TYPE}}) -1;
+}
+
+/////////////// CFuncPtrTypedef.proto ///////////////
+//@substitute: naming
+
+#ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_CFuncPtrTypedef_$cyversion
+#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_CFuncPtrTypedef_$cyversion
+typedef void (*__Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion)(void);
+#endif
+
+/////////////// CFuncPtrToPy.proto ///////////////
+//@requires: CFuncPtrTypedef
+//@substitute: naming
+
+static PyObject *__Pyx_c_func_ptr_to_capsule(__Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion funcptr, const char* name); /* proto */
+
+/////////////// CFuncPtrToPy ///////////////
+//@requires: StringTools.c::IncludeStringH
+//@substitute: naming
+
+static void __Pyx_destroy_c_func_ptr_capsule(PyObject *capsule) {
+    void* ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule, PyCapsule_GetName(capsule));
+    PyMem_Free(ptr);
+}
+
+static PyObject *__Pyx_c_func_ptr_to_capsule(__Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion funcptr, const char* name) {
+    // __Pyx_TEST_large_func_pointers exists just to force an alternative code-path in testing
+#if defined(__Pyx_TEST_large_func_pointers) && __Pyx_TEST_large_func_pointers
+    if ((1))
+#else
+    if (sizeof(funcptr) > sizeof(void*))
+#endif
+    {
+        // The C standard does not guarantee that a function pointer fits inside a regular pointer
+        // (and on some platforms it doesn't). On these, we need to allocate space to store the function pointer
+        __Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion *copy_into = (__Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion*) PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(funcptr));
+        *copy_into = funcptr;
+        return PyCapsule_New(copy_into, name, __Pyx_destroy_c_func_ptr_capsule);
+    } else {
+        // on all other platforms (which is the vast majority, since POSIX require a function pointer
+        // can be  converted to a void*) we skip the allocation and store directly into the capsule's value.
+        // Use memcpy to copy the data from the function pointer to the void*.
+        // (since just casting is prohibited by standard C, and using unions is prohibited by standard c++)
+        void *copy_into;
+        memcpy((void*)&copy_into, (void*)&funcptr, sizeof(funcptr));
+        return PyCapsule_New(copy_into, name, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+/////////////// CFuncPtrFromPy.proto ///////////////
+//@requires: CFuncPtrTypedef
+
+static __Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion __Pyx_capsule_to_c_func_ptr_$cyversion(PyObject *capsule, const char* name); /* proto */
+
+/////////////// CFuncPtrFromPy.proto ///////////////
+//@substitute: naming
+
+#ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_CFuncPtrFromPy_$cyversion
+#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_CFuncPtrFromPy_$cyversion
+static __Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion __Pyx_capsule_to_c_func_ptr_$cyversion(PyObject *capsule, const char* name) {
+    void *data = PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule, name);
+    __Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion funcptr;
+#if defined(__Pyx_TEST_large_func_pointers) && __Pyx_TEST_large_func_pointers
+    if ((1))
+#else
+    if (sizeof(funcptr) > sizeof(void*))
+#endif
+    {
+        funcptr = *((__Pyx_generic_func_pointer_$cyversion*)data);
+    } else {
+        memcpy((void*)&funcptr, (void*)&data, sizeof(funcptr));
+    }
+    return funcptr;
+}
+#endif