usb 2.17.0 → 3.0.0-alpha.2

package/libusb/libusb/os/windows_common.c

@@ -1,923 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * windows backend for libusb 1.0
- * Copyright © 2009-2012 Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
- * With contributions from Michael Plante, Orin Eman et al.
- * Parts of this code adapted from libusb-win32-v1 by Stephan Meyer
- * HID Reports IOCTLs inspired from HIDAPI by Alan Ott, Signal 11 Software
- * Hash table functions adapted from glibc, by Ulrich Drepper et al.
- * Major code testing contribution by Xiaofan Chen
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
- */
-
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include "libusbi.h"
-#include "windows_common.h"
-
-#define EPOCH_TIME	UINT64_C(116444736000000000)	// 1970.01.01 00:00:000 in MS Filetime
-
-#define STATUS_SUCCESS	((ULONG_PTR)0UL)
-
-// Public
-enum windows_version windows_version = WINDOWS_UNDEFINED;
-
-// Global variables for init/exit
-static unsigned int init_count;
-static bool usbdk_available;
-
-/*
-* Converts a windows error to human readable string
-* uses retval as errorcode, or, if 0, use GetLastError()
-*/
-#if defined(ENABLE_LOGGING)
-const char *windows_error_str(DWORD error_code)
-{
-	static char err_string[256];
-
-	DWORD size;
-	int len;
-
-	if (error_code == 0)
-		error_code = GetLastError();
-
-	len = sprintf(err_string, "[%lu] ", ULONG_CAST(error_code));
-
-	// Translate codes returned by SetupAPI. The ones we are dealing with are either
-	// in 0x0000xxxx or 0xE000xxxx and can be distinguished from standard error codes.
-	// See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff545011.aspx
-	switch (error_code & 0xE0000000) {
-	case 0:
-		error_code = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(error_code); // Still leaves ERROR_SUCCESS unmodified
-		break;
-	case 0xE0000000:
-		error_code = 0x80000000 | (FACILITY_SETUPAPI << 16) | (error_code & 0x0000FFFF);
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	size = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM|FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-			NULL, error_code, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
-			&err_string[len], sizeof(err_string) - len, NULL);
-	if (size == 0) {
-		DWORD format_error = GetLastError();
-		if (format_error)
-			snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string),
-				"Windows error code %lu (FormatMessage error code %lu)",
-				ULONG_CAST(error_code), ULONG_CAST(format_error));
-		else
-			snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Unknown error code %lu",
-				ULONG_CAST(error_code));
-	} else {
-		// Remove CRLF from end of message, if present
-		size_t pos = len + size - 2;
-		if (err_string[pos] == '\r')
-			err_string[pos] = '\0';
-	}
-
-	return err_string;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Dynamically loads a DLL from the Windows system directory.  Unlike the
- * LoadLibraryA() function, this function will not search through any
- * directories to try and find the library.
- */
-HMODULE load_system_library(struct libusb_context *ctx, const char *name)
-{
-	char library_path[MAX_PATH];
-	char *filename_start;
-	UINT length;
-
-	length = GetSystemDirectoryA(library_path, sizeof(library_path));
-	if ((length == 0) || (length >= (UINT)sizeof(library_path))) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - could not get system directory");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	filename_start = library_path + length;
-	// Append '\' + name + ".dll" + NUL
-	length += 1 + (UINT)strlen(name) + 4 + 1;
-	if (length >= (UINT)sizeof(library_path)) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - library path buffer overflow");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	sprintf(filename_start, "\\%s.dll", name);
-	return LoadLibraryA(library_path);
-}
-
-/* Hash table functions - modified From glibc 2.3.2:
-   [Aho,Sethi,Ullman] Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools, 1986
-   [Knuth]            The Art of Computer Programming, part 3 (6.4)  */
-
-#define HTAB_SIZE 1021UL	// *MUST* be a prime number!!
-
-typedef struct htab_entry {
-	unsigned long used;
-	char *str;
-} htab_entry;
-
-static htab_entry *htab_table;
-static usbi_mutex_t htab_mutex;
-static unsigned long htab_filled;
-
-/* Before using the hash table we must allocate memory for it.
-   We allocate one element more as the found prime number says.
-   This is done for more effective indexing as explained in the
-   comment for the hash function.  */
-static bool htab_create(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	if (htab_table != NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - hash table already allocated");
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// Create a mutex
-	usbi_mutex_init(&htab_mutex);
-
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "using %lu entries hash table", HTAB_SIZE);
-	htab_filled = 0;
-
-	// allocate memory and zero out.
-	htab_table = calloc(HTAB_SIZE + 1, sizeof(htab_entry));
-	if (htab_table == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate space for hash table");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-/* After using the hash table it has to be destroyed.  */
-static void htab_destroy(void)
-{
-	unsigned long i;
-
-	if (htab_table == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < HTAB_SIZE; i++)
-		free(htab_table[i].str);
-
-	safe_free(htab_table);
-
-	usbi_mutex_destroy(&htab_mutex);
-}
-
-/* This is the search function. It uses double hashing with open addressing.
-   We use a trick to speed up the lookup. The table is created with one
-   more element available. This enables us to use the index zero special.
-   This index will never be used because we store the first hash index in
-   the field used where zero means not used. Every other value means used.
-   The used field can be used as a first fast comparison for equality of
-   the stored and the parameter value. This helps to prevent unnecessary
-   expensive calls of strcmp.  */
-unsigned long htab_hash(const char *str)
-{
-	unsigned long hval, hval2;
-	unsigned long idx;
-	unsigned long r = 5381UL;
-	int c;
-	const char *sz = str;
-
-	if (str == NULL)
-		return 0;
-
-	// Compute main hash value (algorithm suggested by Nokia)
-	while ((c = *sz++) != 0)
-		r = ((r << 5) + r) + c;
-	if (r == 0)
-		++r;
-
-	// compute table hash: simply take the modulus
-	hval = r % HTAB_SIZE;
-	if (hval == 0)
-		++hval;
-
-	// Try the first index
-	idx = hval;
-
-	// Mutually exclusive access (R/W lock would be better)
-	usbi_mutex_lock(&htab_mutex);
-
-	if (htab_table[idx].used) {
-		if ((htab_table[idx].used == hval) && (strcmp(str, htab_table[idx].str) == 0))
-			goto out_unlock; // existing hash
-
-		usbi_dbg(NULL, "hash collision ('%s' vs '%s')", str, htab_table[idx].str);
-
-		// Second hash function, as suggested in [Knuth]
-		hval2 = 1UL + hval % (HTAB_SIZE - 2);
-
-		do {
-			// Because size is prime this guarantees to step through all available indexes
-			if (idx <= hval2)
-				idx = HTAB_SIZE + idx - hval2;
-			else
-				idx -= hval2;
-
-			// If we visited all entries leave the loop unsuccessfully
-			if (idx == hval)
-				break;
-
-			// If entry is found use it.
-			if ((htab_table[idx].used == hval) && (strcmp(str, htab_table[idx].str) == 0))
-				goto out_unlock;
-		} while (htab_table[idx].used);
-	}
-
-	// Not found => New entry
-
-	// If the table is full return an error
-	if (htab_filled >= HTAB_SIZE) {
-		usbi_err(NULL, "hash table is full (%lu entries)", HTAB_SIZE);
-		idx = 0UL;
-		goto out_unlock;
-	}
-
-	htab_table[idx].str = _strdup(str);
-	if (htab_table[idx].str == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(NULL, "could not duplicate string for hash table");
-		idx = 0UL;
-		goto out_unlock;
-	}
-
-	htab_table[idx].used = hval;
-	++htab_filled;
-
-out_unlock:
-	usbi_mutex_unlock(&htab_mutex);
-
-	return idx;
-}
-
-enum libusb_transfer_status usbd_status_to_libusb_transfer_status(USBD_STATUS status)
-{
-	if (USBD_SUCCESS(status))
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED;
-
-	switch (status) {
-	case USBD_STATUS_TIMEOUT:
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT;
-	case USBD_STATUS_CANCELED:
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED;
-	case USBD_STATUS_ENDPOINT_HALTED:
-	case USBD_STATUS_STALL_PID:
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL;
-	case USBD_STATUS_DEVICE_GONE:
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE;
-	default:
-		usbi_dbg(NULL, "USBD_STATUS 0x%08lx translated to LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR", ULONG_CAST(status));
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Make a transfer complete synchronously
- */
-void windows_force_sync_completion(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, ULONG size)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer));
-	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_get_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped = &transfer_priv->overlapped;
-
-	usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "transfer %p, length %lu", transfer, ULONG_CAST(size));
-
-	overlapped->Internal = (ULONG_PTR)STATUS_SUCCESS;
-	overlapped->InternalHigh = (ULONG_PTR)size;
-
-	if (!PostQueuedCompletionStatus(priv->completion_port, (DWORD)size, (ULONG_PTR)transfer->dev_handle, overlapped))
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "failed to post I/O completion: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-}
-
-/* Windows version detection */
-static BOOL is_x64(void)
-{
-	BOOL ret = FALSE;
-
-	// Detect if we're running a 32 or 64 bit system
-	if (sizeof(uintptr_t) < 8) {
-		IsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(), &ret);
-	} else {
-		ret = TRUE;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static enum windows_version get_windows_version(void)
-{
-	enum windows_version winver;
-	OSVERSIONINFOEXA vi, vi2;
-	unsigned major, minor, version;
-	ULONGLONG major_equal, minor_equal;
-	const char *w, *arch;
-	bool ws;
-
-#ifndef ENABLE_LOGGING
-	UNUSED(w); UNUSED(arch);
-#endif
-	memset(&vi, 0, sizeof(vi));
-	vi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(vi);
-	if (!GetVersionExA((OSVERSIONINFOA *)&vi)) {
-		memset(&vi, 0, sizeof(vi));
-		vi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOA);
-		if (!GetVersionExA((OSVERSIONINFOA *)&vi))
-			return WINDOWS_UNDEFINED;
-	}
-
-	if (vi.dwPlatformId != VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
-		return WINDOWS_UNDEFINED;
-
-	if ((vi.dwMajorVersion > 6) || ((vi.dwMajorVersion == 6) && (vi.dwMinorVersion >= 2))) {
-		// Starting with Windows 8.1 Preview, GetVersionEx() does no longer report the actual OS version
-		// See: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn302074.aspx
-		// And starting with Windows 10 Preview 2, Windows enforces the use of the application/supportedOS
-		// manifest in order for VerSetConditionMask() to report the ACTUAL OS major and minor...
-
-		major_equal = VerSetConditionMask(0, VER_MAJORVERSION, VER_EQUAL);
-		for (major = vi.dwMajorVersion; major <= 9; major++) {
-			memset(&vi2, 0, sizeof(vi2));
-			vi2.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(vi2);
-			vi2.dwMajorVersion = major;
-			if (!VerifyVersionInfoA(&vi2, VER_MAJORVERSION, major_equal))
-				continue;
-
-			if (vi.dwMajorVersion < major) {
-				vi.dwMajorVersion = major;
-				vi.dwMinorVersion = 0;
-			}
-
-			minor_equal = VerSetConditionMask(0, VER_MINORVERSION, VER_EQUAL);
-			for (minor = vi.dwMinorVersion; minor <= 9; minor++) {
-				memset(&vi2, 0, sizeof(vi2));
-				vi2.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(vi2);
-				vi2.dwMinorVersion = minor;
-				if (!VerifyVersionInfoA(&vi2, VER_MINORVERSION, minor_equal))
-					continue;
-
-				vi.dwMinorVersion = minor;
-				break;
-			}
-
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ((vi.dwMajorVersion > 0xf) || (vi.dwMinorVersion > 0xf))
-		return WINDOWS_UNDEFINED;
-
-	ws = (vi.wProductType <= VER_NT_WORKSTATION);
-	version = vi.dwMajorVersion << 4 | vi.dwMinorVersion;
-
-	switch (version) {
-	case 0x50: winver = WINDOWS_2000;  w = "2000"; break;
-	case 0x51: winver = WINDOWS_XP;	   w = "XP";   break;
-	case 0x52: winver = WINDOWS_2003;  w = "2003"; break;
-	case 0x60: winver = WINDOWS_VISTA; w = (ws ? "Vista" : "2008");	 break;
-	case 0x61: winver = WINDOWS_7;	   w = (ws ? "7" : "2008_R2");	 break;
-	case 0x62: winver = WINDOWS_8;	   w = (ws ? "8" : "2012");	 break;
-	case 0x63: winver = WINDOWS_8_1;   w = (ws ? "8.1" : "2012_R2"); break;
-	case 0x64: // Early Windows 10 Insider Previews and Windows Server 2017 Technical Preview 1 used version 6.4
-	case 0xA0: winver = WINDOWS_10;	   w = (ws ? "10" : "2016");
-		   if (vi.dwBuildNumber < 20000)
-			   break;
-		   // fallthrough
-	case 0xB0: winver = WINDOWS_11;	   w = (ws ? "11" : "2022");	 break;
-	default:
-		if (version < 0x50)
-			return WINDOWS_UNDEFINED;
-		winver = WINDOWS_12_OR_LATER;
-		w = "12 or later";
-	}
-
-	// We cannot tell if we are on 8, 10, or 11 without "app manifest"
-	if (version == 0x62 && vi.dwBuildNumber == 9200)
-		w = "8 (or later)";
-
-	arch = is_x64() ? "64-bit" : "32-bit";
-
-	if (vi.wServicePackMinor)
-		usbi_dbg(NULL, "Windows %s SP%u.%u %s", w, vi.wServicePackMajor, vi.wServicePackMinor, arch);
-	else if (vi.wServicePackMajor)
-		usbi_dbg(NULL, "Windows %s SP%u %s", w, vi.wServicePackMajor, arch);
-	else
-		usbi_dbg(NULL, "Windows %s %s", w, arch);
-
-	return winver;
-}
-
-static unsigned __stdcall windows_iocp_thread(void *arg)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = arg;
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-	HANDLE iocp = priv->completion_port;
-	DWORD num_bytes;
-	ULONG_PTR completion_key;
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped;
-	struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle;
-	struct libusb_device_handle *opened_device_handle;
-	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv;
-	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv;
-	struct usbi_transfer *itransfer;
-	bool found;
-
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "I/O completion thread started");
-
-	while (true) {
-		overlapped = NULL;
-		if (!GetQueuedCompletionStatus(iocp, &num_bytes, &completion_key, &overlapped, INFINITE) && (overlapped == NULL)) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "GetQueuedCompletionStatus failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			break;
-		}
-
-		if (overlapped == NULL) {
-			// Signal to quit
-			if (completion_key != (ULONG_PTR)ctx)
-				usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - overlapped is NULL");
-			break;
-		}
-
-		// Find the transfer associated with the OVERLAPPED that just completed.
-		// If we cannot find a match, the I/O operation originated from outside of libusb
-		// (e.g. within libusbK) and we need to ignore it.
-		dev_handle = (struct libusb_device_handle *)completion_key;
-
-		found = false;
-		transfer_priv = NULL;
-
-		// Issue 912: lock opened device handles in context to search the current device handle
-		// to avoid accessing unallocated memory after device has been closed
-		usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
-		for_each_open_device(ctx, opened_device_handle) {
-			if (dev_handle == opened_device_handle) {
-				handle_priv = usbi_get_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-
-				usbi_mutex_lock(&dev_handle->lock);
-				list_for_each_entry(transfer_priv, &handle_priv->active_transfers, list, struct windows_transfer_priv) {
-					if (overlapped == &transfer_priv->overlapped) {
-						// This OVERLAPPED belongs to us, remove the transfer from the device handle's list
-						list_del(&transfer_priv->list);
-						found = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
-			}
-		}
-		usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
-
-		if (!found) {
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "ignoring overlapped %p for handle %p",
-				 overlapped, dev_handle);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		itransfer = TRANSFER_PRIV_TO_USBI_TRANSFER(transfer_priv);
-		struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "transfer %p completed, length %lu",
-			 transfer, ULONG_CAST(num_bytes));
-		usbi_signal_transfer_completion(itransfer);
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "I/O completion thread exiting");
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int windows_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-	bool winusb_backend_init = false;
-	int r;
-
-	// NB: concurrent usage supposes that init calls are equally balanced with
-	// exit calls. If init is called more than exit, we will not exit properly
-	if (++init_count == 1) { // First init?
-		windows_version = get_windows_version();
-		if (windows_version == WINDOWS_UNDEFINED) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "failed to detect Windows version");
-			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-			goto init_exit;
-		} else if (windows_version < WINDOWS_VISTA) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "Windows version is too old");
-			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-			goto init_exit;
-		}
-
-		if (!htab_create(ctx)) {
-			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-			goto init_exit;
-		}
-
-		r = winusb_backend.init(ctx);
-		if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-			goto init_exit;
-		winusb_backend_init = true;
-
-		r = usbdk_backend.init(ctx);
-		if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "UsbDk backend is available");
-			usbdk_available = true;
-		} else {
-			usbi_info(ctx, "UsbDk backend is not available");
-			// Do not report this as an error
-		}
-	}
-
-	// By default, new contexts will use the WinUSB backend
-	priv->backend = &winusb_backend;
-
-	r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-	// Use an I/O completion port to manage all transfers for this context
-	priv->completion_port = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, 0, 1);
-	if (priv->completion_port == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to create I/O completion port: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		goto init_exit;
-	}
-
-	// And a dedicated thread to wait for I/O completions
-	priv->completion_port_thread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, windows_iocp_thread, ctx, 0, NULL);
-	if (priv->completion_port_thread == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to create I/O completion port thread");
-		CloseHandle(priv->completion_port);
-		goto init_exit;
-	}
-
-	r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-
-init_exit: // Holds semaphore here
-	if ((init_count == 1) && (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)) { // First init failed?
-		if (usbdk_available) {
-			usbdk_backend.exit(ctx);
-			usbdk_available = false;
-		}
-		if (winusb_backend_init)
-			winusb_backend.exit(ctx);
-		htab_destroy();
-		--init_count;
-	}
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static void windows_exit(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-
-	// A NULL completion status will indicate to the thread that it is time to exit
-	if (!PostQueuedCompletionStatus(priv->completion_port, 0, (ULONG_PTR)ctx, NULL))
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to post I/O completion: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-
-	if (WaitForSingleObject(priv->completion_port_thread, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED)
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to wait for I/O completion port thread: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-
-	CloseHandle(priv->completion_port_thread);
-	CloseHandle(priv->completion_port);
-
-	// Only works if exits and inits are balanced exactly
-	if (--init_count == 0) { // Last exit
-		if (usbdk_available) {
-			usbdk_backend.exit(ctx);
-			usbdk_available = false;
-		}
-		winusb_backend.exit(ctx);
-		htab_destroy();
-	}
-}
-
-static int windows_set_option(struct libusb_context *ctx, enum libusb_option option, va_list ap)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-
-	UNUSED(ap);
-
-	if (option == LIBUSB_OPTION_USE_USBDK) {
-		if (!usbdk_available) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "UsbDk backend not available");
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-		}
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "switching context %p to use UsbDk backend", ctx);
-		priv->backend = &usbdk_backend;
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-}
-
-static int windows_get_device_list(struct libusb_context *ctx, struct discovered_devs **discdevs)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-	return priv->backend->get_device_list(ctx, discdevs);
-}
-
-static int windows_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = usbi_get_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-
-	list_init(&handle_priv->active_transfers);
-	return priv->backend->open(dev_handle);
-}
-
-static void windows_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	priv->backend->close(dev_handle);
-}
-
-static int windows_get_active_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev,
-	void *buffer, size_t len)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(DEVICE_CTX(dev));
-	return priv->backend->get_active_config_descriptor(dev, buffer, len);
-}
-
-static int windows_get_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev,
-	uint8_t config_index, void *buffer, size_t len)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(DEVICE_CTX(dev));
-	return priv->backend->get_config_descriptor(dev, config_index, buffer, len);
-}
-
-static int windows_get_config_descriptor_by_value(struct libusb_device *dev,
-	uint8_t bConfigurationValue, void **buffer)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(DEVICE_CTX(dev));
-	return priv->backend->get_config_descriptor_by_value(dev, bConfigurationValue, buffer);
-}
-
-static int windows_get_configuration(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t *config)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	return priv->backend->get_configuration(dev_handle, config);
-}
-
-static int windows_set_configuration(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int config)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	if (config == -1)
-		config = 0;
-	return priv->backend->set_configuration(dev_handle, (uint8_t)config);
-}
-
-static int windows_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t interface_number)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	return priv->backend->claim_interface(dev_handle, interface_number);
-}
-
-static int windows_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t interface_number)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	return priv->backend->release_interface(dev_handle, interface_number);
-}
-
-static int windows_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
-	uint8_t interface_number, uint8_t altsetting)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	return priv->backend->set_interface_altsetting(dev_handle, interface_number, altsetting);
-}
-
-static int windows_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	return priv->backend->clear_halt(dev_handle, endpoint);
-}
-
-static int windows_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle));
-	return priv->backend->reset_device(dev_handle);
-}
-
-static void windows_destroy_device(struct libusb_device *dev)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(DEVICE_CTX(dev));
-	priv->backend->destroy_device(dev);
-}
-
-static int windows_submit_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle = transfer->dev_handle;
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle);
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = usbi_get_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_get_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	int r;
-
-	switch (transfer->type) {
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL:
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK:
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT:
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS:
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK_STREAM:
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "bulk stream transfers are not yet supported on this platform");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-	default:
-		usbi_err(ctx, "unknown endpoint type %d", transfer->type);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	if (transfer_priv->handle != NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - transfer HANDLE is not NULL");
-		transfer_priv->handle = NULL;
-	}
-
-	// Add transfer to the device handle's list
-	usbi_mutex_lock(&dev_handle->lock);
-	list_add_tail(&transfer_priv->list, &handle_priv->active_transfers);
-	usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
-
-	r = priv->backend->submit_transfer(itransfer);
-	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
-		// Remove the unsuccessful transfer from the device handle's list
-		usbi_mutex_lock(&dev_handle->lock);
-		list_del(&transfer_priv->list);
-		usbi_mutex_unlock(&dev_handle->lock);
-
-		// Always call the backend's clear_transfer_priv() function on failure
-		priv->backend->clear_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-		transfer_priv->handle = NULL;
-		return r;
-	}
-
-	// The backend should set the HANDLE used for each submitted transfer
-	// by calling set_transfer_priv_handle()
-	if (transfer_priv->handle == NULL)
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - transfer HANDLE is NULL after transfer was submitted");
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static int windows_cancel_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer));
-	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_get_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-
-	// Try CancelIoEx() on the transfer
-	// If that fails, fall back to the backend's cancel_transfer()
-	// function if it is available
-	if (CancelIoEx(transfer_priv->handle, &transfer_priv->overlapped))
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	else if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NOT_FOUND)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-
-	if (priv->backend->cancel_transfer)
-		return priv->backend->cancel_transfer(itransfer);
-
-	usbi_warn(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "cancellation not supported for this transfer's driver");
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-}
-
-static int windows_handle_transfer_completion(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer);
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-	const struct windows_backend *backend = priv->backend;
-	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_get_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	enum libusb_transfer_status status, istatus;
-	DWORD result, bytes_transferred;
-
-	if (GetOverlappedResult(transfer_priv->handle, &transfer_priv->overlapped, &bytes_transferred, FALSE))
-		result = NO_ERROR;
-	else
-		result = GetLastError();
-
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "handling transfer %p completion with errcode %lu, length %lu",
-		 transfer, ULONG_CAST(result), ULONG_CAST(bytes_transferred));
-
-	switch (result) {
-	case NO_ERROR:
-		status = backend->copy_transfer_data(itransfer, bytes_transferred);
-		break;
-	case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE:
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "detected endpoint stall");
-		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL;
-		break;
-	case ERROR_SEM_TIMEOUT:
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "detected semaphore timeout");
-		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT;
-		break;
-	case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
-		istatus = backend->copy_transfer_data(itransfer, bytes_transferred);
-		if (istatus != LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED)
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "failed to copy partial data in aborted operation: %d", (int)istatus);
-
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "detected operation aborted");
-		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED;
-		break;
-	case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
-	case ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_CONNECTED:
-	case ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE:
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "detected device removed");
-		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE;
-		break;
-	default:
-		usbi_err(ctx, "detected I/O error %lu: %s",
-			ULONG_CAST(result), windows_error_str(result));
-		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	transfer_priv->handle = NULL;
-
-	// Backend-specific cleanup
-	backend->clear_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-
-	if (status == LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED)
-		return usbi_handle_transfer_cancellation(itransfer);
-	else
-		return usbi_handle_transfer_completion(itransfer, status);
-}
-
-#ifndef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
-void usbi_get_monotonic_time(struct timespec *tp)
-{
-	static LONG hires_counter_init;
-	static uint64_t hires_ticks_to_ps;
-	static uint64_t hires_frequency;
-	LARGE_INTEGER hires_counter;
-
-	if (InterlockedExchange(&hires_counter_init, 1L) == 0L) {
-		LARGE_INTEGER li_frequency;
-
-		// Microsoft says that the QueryPerformanceFrequency() and
-		// QueryPerformanceCounter() functions always succeed on XP and later
-		QueryPerformanceFrequency(&li_frequency);
-
-		// The hires frequency can go as high as 4 GHz, so we'll use a conversion
-		// to picoseconds to compute the tv_nsecs part
-		hires_frequency = li_frequency.QuadPart;
-		hires_ticks_to_ps = UINT64_C(1000000000000) / hires_frequency;
-	}
-
-	QueryPerformanceCounter(&hires_counter);
-	tp->tv_sec = (long)(hires_counter.QuadPart / hires_frequency);
-	tp->tv_nsec = (long)(((hires_counter.QuadPart % hires_frequency) * hires_ticks_to_ps) / UINT64_C(1000));
-}
-#endif
-
-// NB: MSVC6 does not support named initializers.
-const struct usbi_os_backend usbi_backend = {
-	"Windows",
-	USBI_CAP_HAS_HID_ACCESS,
-	windows_init,
-	windows_exit,
-	windows_set_option,
-	windows_get_device_list,
-	NULL,	/* hotplug_poll */
-	NULL,	/* wrap_sys_device */
-	windows_open,
-	windows_close,
-	windows_get_active_config_descriptor,
-	windows_get_config_descriptor,
-	windows_get_config_descriptor_by_value,
-	windows_get_configuration,
-	windows_set_configuration,
-	windows_claim_interface,
-	windows_release_interface,
-	windows_set_interface_altsetting,
-	windows_clear_halt,
-	windows_reset_device,
-	NULL,	/* alloc_streams */
-	NULL,	/* free_streams */
-	NULL,	/* dev_mem_alloc */
-	NULL,	/* dev_mem_free */
-	NULL,	/* kernel_driver_active */
-	NULL,	/* detach_kernel_driver */
-	NULL,	/* attach_kernel_driver */
-	windows_destroy_device,
-	windows_submit_transfer,
-	windows_cancel_transfer,
-	NULL,	/* clear_transfer_priv */
-	NULL,	/* handle_events */
-	windows_handle_transfer_completion,
-	sizeof(struct windows_context_priv),
-	sizeof(union windows_device_priv),
-	sizeof(struct windows_device_handle_priv),
-	sizeof(struct windows_transfer_priv),
-};