universal-physics-tensor 3.0.0 → 4.0.0

package/dist/composition/edges/applied-physicist.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * Composition edges for BE-66 through BE-73.
+ * Composition edges for BE-66 through BE-76.
  *
  * Each edge's endpoints state the same scale and force, so `kind` is
  * `law`. The overlay `formalRef` is kind `bridge`, so each id is a
@@ -18,9 +18,24 @@ import { evaluateEinsteinRelation } from '../../bridges/be70-einstein-relation.j
 import { evaluateClapeyron } from '../../bridges/be71-clapeyron.js';
 import { evaluateGravitationalRedshift } from '../../bridges/be72-gravitational-redshift.js';
 import { evaluateKelvinPeltier } from '../../bridges/be73-kelvin-peltier.js';
+import { evaluateMagneticPressure } from '../../bridges/be74-magnetic-pressure.js';
+import { evaluateLondonPenetration } from '../../bridges/be75-london-penetration.js';
+import { evaluatePlasmaBeta } from '../../bridges/be76-plasma-beta.js';
+import { evaluateHagenPoiseuille } from '../../bridges/be77-hagen-poiseuille.js';
+import { evaluateEulerBuckling } from '../../bridges/be78-euler-buckling.js';
+import { evaluatePullIn } from '../../bridges/be79-pull-in.js';
+import { evaluateMottGurney } from '../../bridges/be80-mott-gurney.js';
+import { evaluateChildLangmuir } from '../../bridges/be81-child-langmuir.js';
+import { evaluateShockleyDiode } from '../../bridges/be82-shockley-diode.js';
+import { evaluateThomsonCoefficient } from '../../bridges/be83-thomson.js';
+import { evaluateFourPointSheet } from '../../bridges/be84-four-point.js';
+import { evaluateShotNoise } from '../../bridges/be85-shot-noise.js';
+import { evaluateReynoldsAnalogy } from '../../bridges/be86-reynolds-analogy.js';
+import { evaluateCapacitorNoise } from '../../bridges/be87-capacitor-noise.js';
 import { DIMENSIONLESS } from '../../dimensional/types.js';
 import { CONSTANTS } from '../../dimensional/symbolic-constants.js';
-import { alfvenSpeedQ, incidenceAngleQ, magneticFluxDensityQ, metricG00Q, plasmaMassDensityQ, poyntingFluxQ, properTemperatureQ, radiationPressureQ, reflectanceQ, tolmanInvariantQ, soundSpeedQ, fastMagnetosonicSpeedQ, electricalMobilityQ, einsteinTemperatureQ, carrierChargeQ, diffusivityQ, latentHeatQ, clapeyronTemperatureQ, specificVolumeChangeQ, clapeyronSlopeQ, redshiftMetricG00OneQ, redshiftMetricG00TwoQ, gravitationalFrequencyRatioQ, seebeckCoefficientQ, peltierTemperatureQ, peltierCoefficientQ, } from '../quantities.js';
+import { withBoundAliases } from '../edge.js';
+import { alfvenSpeedQ, incidenceAngleQ, magneticFluxDensityQ, metricG00Q, plasmaMassDensityQ, poyntingFluxQ, properTemperatureQ, radiationPressureQ, reflectanceQ, tolmanInvariantQ, soundSpeedQ, fastMagnetosonicSpeedQ, electricalMobilityQ, einsteinTemperatureQ, carrierChargeQ, diffusivityQ, latentHeatQ, clapeyronTemperatureQ, specificVolumeChangeQ, clapeyronSlopeQ, redshiftMetricG00OneQ, redshiftMetricG00TwoQ, gravitationalFrequencyRatioQ, seebeckCoefficientQ, peltierTemperatureQ, peltierCoefficientQ, magneticPressureQ, londonPenetrationDepthQ, plasmaBetaQ, carrierDensityQ, effectiveMassQ, temperatureQ, pipeRadiusQ, pipePressureDropQ, dynamicViscosityQ, pipeLengthQ, poiseuilleFlowQ, youngsModulusQ, areaMomentQ, columnLengthQ, bucklingLoadQ, pullInStiffnessQ, pullInGapQ, pullInAreaQ, pullInVoltageQ, mottPermittivityQ, mottMobilityQ, mottVoltageQ, mottThicknessQ, mottGurneyCurrentQ, childCarrierMassQ, childVoltageQ, childGapQ, childLangmuirCurrentQ, shockleySaturationQ, shockleyVoltageQ, shockleyTemperatureQ, shockleyCurrentQ, thomsonTemperatureQ, seebeckSlopeQ, thomsonCoefficientQ, fourPointVoltageQ, fourPointCurrentQ, sheetResistanceQ, shotCurrentQ, shotNoiseQ, skinFrictionQ, stantonNumberQ, capacitorTemperatureQ, capacitanceQ, capacitorVoltageVarianceQ, } from '../quantities.js';
 const finite = Number.isFinite;
 const qsym = (q) => ({ kind: 'symbol', name: q.name, dim: q.dim });
 const csym = (name) => ({ kind: 'symbol', name, dim: CONSTANTS[name].dim });
@@ -29,6 +44,11 @@ const prod = (...args) => ({ kind: 'op', op: '*', args });
 const plus = (a, b) => ({ kind: 'op', op: '+', args: [a, b] });
 const ratio = (num, den) => ({ kind: 'op', op: '/', args: [num, den] });
 const pow = (base, exp) => ({ kind: 'op', op: '^', args: [base, exp] });
+/** μ0 = 1/(ε0 c²). The same product the Alfvén and magnetosonic formulas use. */
+const mu0 = ratio(lit(1), prod(csym('epsilon_0'), pow(csym('c'), lit(2))));
+/** π as a dimensionless leaf. `piMultipleValue` resolves the name. */
+const pi = { kind: 'symbol', name: 'pi', dim: DIMENSIONLESS };
+const expOf = (arg) => ({ kind: 'transcendental', fn: 'exp', arg });
 /** P_n = (I/c) (1+R) cos²θ. */
 const BE66_SYMBOLIC = prod(ratio(qsym(poyntingFluxQ), csym('c')), plus(lit(1), qsym(reflectanceQ)), pow({ kind: 'transcendental', fn: 'cos', arg: qsym(incidenceAngleQ) }, lit(2)));
 /** μ0 = 1/(ε0 c²). v_A = B / √(μ0 ρ). */
@@ -43,7 +63,7 @@ const BE68_SYMBOLIC = prod(qsym(properTemperatureQ), pow(prod(lit(-1), qsym(metr
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be66Edge = {
+export const be66Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-66',
     beId: 66,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -72,7 +92,7 @@ export const be66Edge = {
     }).P_Pa,
     symbolic: BE66_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'OpenStax University Physics Volume 2, https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/16-4-momentum-and-radiation-pressure (absorber I/c, reflector 2I/c). The (1+R) cos²θ factor is this catalog\'s assembly.',
-};
+});
 /**
  * BE-67 Alfvén speed: (magnetic-flux-density, plasma-mass-density) →
  * alfven-speed, `v_A = B / √(μ0 ρ)`. `ρ` is the total mass density.
@@ -81,7 +101,7 @@ export const be66Edge = {
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be67Edge = {
+export const be67Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-67',
     beId: 67,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -106,7 +126,7 @@ export const be67Edge = {
     }).v_m_per_s,
     symbolic: BE67_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'Alfvén 1942 Nature 150:405. SI form B/√(μ0 ρ); ρ is the total mass density.',
-};
+});
 /**
  * BE-68 Tolman–Ehrenfest: (proper-temperature, metric-g00) →
  * tolman-invariant, `T √(−g_00)`. Endpoints share the classical
@@ -115,7 +135,7 @@ export const be67Edge = {
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be68Edge = {
+export const be68Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-68',
     beId: 68,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -140,7 +160,7 @@ export const be68Edge = {
     }).invariant_K,
     symbolic: BE68_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'Tolman & Ehrenfest 1930 Phys. Rev. 36:1791 (T0 √g_44). Catalog form T √(−g_00).',
-};
+});
 /** |ω/k| = √(c_s² + B²/(μ0 ρ)), with μ0 = 1/(ε0 c²). */
 const BE69_SYMBOLIC = pow(plus(pow(qsym(soundSpeedQ), lit(2)), ratio(pow(qsym(magneticFluxDensityQ), lit(2)), prod(ratio(lit(1), prod(csym('epsilon_0'), pow(csym('c'), lit(2)))), qsym(plasmaMassDensityQ)))), lit(0.5));
 /** D = μ k_B T / q. */
@@ -159,7 +179,7 @@ const BE73_SYMBOLIC = prod(qsym(seebeckCoefficientQ), qsym(peltierTemperatureQ))
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be69Edge = {
+export const be69Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-69',
     beId: 69,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -187,14 +207,14 @@ export const be69Edge = {
     }).v_m_per_s,
     symbolic: BE69_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'PhysJS.FastMagnetosonic.speed_eq. Perpendicular compressional phase speed. c_s = 0 is the Alfvén number of a different polarization.',
-};
+});
 /**
  * BE-70 Einstein relation: (electrical-mobility, einstein-temperature,
  * carrier-charge) → diffusivity, `D = μ k_B T / q`.
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be70Edge = {
+export const be70Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-70',
     beId: 70,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -208,12 +228,13 @@ export const be70Edge = {
     target: diffusivityQ,
     confidence: 'established',
     domain: {
-        description: 'μ finite, T ≠ 0, q ≠ 0',
+        description: 'μ finite, T ≠ 0, q ≠ 0, and μ and q have the same sign',
         predicate: (i) => finite(i['electrical-mobility']) &&
             finite(i['einstein-temperature']) &&
             i['einstein-temperature'] !== 0 &&
             finite(i['carrier-charge']) &&
-            i['carrier-charge'] !== 0,
+            i['carrier-charge'] !== 0 &&
+            i['electrical-mobility'] * i['carrier-charge'] >= 0,
     },
     evaluate: (i) => evaluateEinsteinRelation({
         mu_m2_per_Vs: i['electrical-mobility'],
@@ -222,14 +243,14 @@ export const be70Edge = {
     }).D_m2_per_s,
     symbolic: BE70_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'PhysJS.EinsteinRelation.diffusion_eq. Drift cancels diffusion on a Boltzmann profile.',
-};
+});
 /**
  * BE-71 Clapeyron slope: (specific-latent-heat, clapeyron-temperature,
  * specific-volume-change) → clapeyron-slope, `dP/dT = L/(T Δv)`.
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be71Edge = {
+export const be71Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-71',
     beId: 71,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -257,7 +278,7 @@ export const be71Edge = {
     }).slope_Pa_per_K,
     symbolic: BE71_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'PhysJS.Clapeyron.slope_eq. L = T (s2−s1) is already substituted. The entropy slope is not a second edge.',
-};
+});
 /**
  * BE-72 gravitational redshift: (redshift-metric-g00-1,
  * redshift-metric-g00-2) → gravitational-frequency-ratio,
@@ -266,7 +287,7 @@ export const be71Edge = {
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be72Edge = {
+export const be72Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-72',
     beId: 72,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -291,7 +312,7 @@ export const be72Edge = {
     }).frequency_ratio,
     symbolic: BE72_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'PhysJS.GravitationalRedshift.frequency_ratio. Not PhysJS.TolmanEhrenfest.hydrostatic_constant. tolman_same_ratio is nested and is not this edge.',
-};
+});
 /**
  * BE-73 Kelvin relation: (seebeck-coefficient, peltier-temperature) →
  * peltier-coefficient, `Π = S T`. Onsager reciprocity is the structure
@@ -299,7 +320,7 @@ export const be72Edge = {
  *
  * @public
  */
-export const be73Edge = {
+export const be73Edge = withBoundAliases({
     id: 'be-73',
     beId: 73,
     kind: 'law',
@@ -321,7 +342,480 @@ export const be73Edge = {
     }).Pi_V,
     symbolic: BE73_SYMBOLIC,
     citation: 'PhysJS.KelvinRelation.peltier_eq. L12 = L21 is ThermoelectricOnsager.onsager, a structure field, not an axiom and not an input.',
-};
+});
+/** p_B = B² / (2 μ0). The 2 is the inductor integral, not a Buckingham constant. */
+const BE74_SYMBOLIC = ratio(pow(qsym(magneticFluxDensityQ), lit(2)), prod(lit(2), mu0));
+/** λ_L = √(m / (μ0 n e²)). `e` is the elementary charge. */
+const BE75_SYMBOLIC = pow(ratio(qsym(effectiveMassQ), prod(mu0, qsym(carrierDensityQ), pow(csym('e'), lit(2)))), lit(0.5));
+/** β = n k_B T / p_B. Substituting BE-74 yields 2 μ0 n k_B T / B². */
+const BE76_SYMBOLIC = ratio(prod(qsym(carrierDensityQ), csym('k_B'), qsym(temperatureQ)), qsym(magneticPressureQ));
+/**
+ * BE-74 magnetic pressure: magnetic-flux-density → magnetic-pressure,
+ * `p_B = B²/(2 μ0)`. `μ0` is a constant. The endpoints share the
+ * classical electromagnetic attributes: a law.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be74Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-74',
+    beId: 74,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Magnetic pressure p_B = B²/(2 μ0)',
+    sources: [magneticFluxDensityQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'magnetic-flux-density': ['B_T', 'B'],
+    },
+    target: magneticPressureQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'B finite; the factor 2 is the stored-energy half, not C = 1',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['magnetic-flux-density']),
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateMagneticPressure({ B_T: i['magnetic-flux-density'] }).p_Pa,
+    symbolic: BE74_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.MagneticPressure.pressure_eq. U = (L/2) I². C = 1 is the battery work per volume, not this pressure.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-75 London penetration depth: (effective-mass, carrier-density) →
+ * london-penetration-depth, `λ_L = √(m/(μ0 n e²))`. `e` and `μ0` are
+ * constants. The endpoints share the carrier attributes: a law.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be75Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-75',
+    beId: 75,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'London penetration depth λ_L = √(m/(μ0 n e²))',
+    sources: [effectiveMassQ, carrierDensityQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'effective-mass': ['m_kg', 'm'],
+        'carrier-density': ['n_per_m3', 'n'],
+    },
+    target: londonPenetrationDepthQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'm > 0 and n > 0; e is the elementary charge',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['effective-mass']) && i['effective-mass'] > 0 && finite(i['carrier-density']) && i['carrier-density'] > 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateLondonPenetration({
+        m_kg: i['effective-mass'],
+        n_per_m3: i['carrier-density'],
+    }).lambda_m,
+    symbolic: BE75_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.LondonPenetration.depth_eq. Units also admit μ0 e²/m. Not the classical skin depth.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-76 plasma beta: (carrier-density, temperature, magnetic-pressure) →
+ * plasma-beta, `β = n k_B T / p_B`. The magnetic-pressure source is
+ * BE-74, so the edges compose. `carrier-density` is quantum and
+ * `magnetic-pressure` is classical, so the endpoints differ: a bridge.
+ * Not a plasma-β inequality.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be76Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-76',
+    beId: 76,
+    kind: 'bridge',
+    label: 'Plasma beta β = n k_B T / p_B',
+    sources: [carrierDensityQ, temperatureQ, magneticPressureQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'carrier-density': ['n_per_m3', 'n'],
+        temperature: ['T_K', 'T'],
+        'magnetic-pressure': ['p_B_Pa', 'p_B'],
+    },
+    target: plasmaBetaQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'n and T finite, p_B ≠ 0; p_B is B²/(2 μ0)',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['carrier-density']) &&
+            finite(i['temperature']) &&
+            finite(i['magnetic-pressure']) &&
+            i['magnetic-pressure'] !== 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluatePlasmaBeta({
+        n_per_m3: i['carrier-density'],
+        T_K: i['temperature'],
+        p_B_Pa: i['magnetic-pressure'],
+    }).beta,
+    symbolic: BE76_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.PlasmaBeta.beta_eq. p_B is PhysJS.MagneticPressure.pressure_eq. Using B²/μ0 is half of this beta. Not a plasma-β inequality.',
+});
+/** Q = π R⁴ ΔP / (8 μ L). The 8 is the no-slip integral. */
+const BE77_SYMBOLIC = ratio(prod(pi, pow(qsym(pipeRadiusQ), lit(4)), qsym(pipePressureDropQ)), prod(lit(8), qsym(dynamicViscosityQ), qsym(pipeLengthQ)));
+/** P_cr = π² E I / L². Pinned ends. Not the cantilever load. */
+const BE78_SYMBOLIC = ratio(prod(pow(pi, lit(2)), qsym(youngsModulusQ), qsym(areaMomentQ)), pow(qsym(columnLengthQ), lit(2)));
+/** V_pi = √(8 k g0³ / (27 ε0 A)). The fold is g = 2 g0/3. */
+const BE79_SYMBOLIC = pow(ratio(prod(lit(8), qsym(pullInStiffnessQ), pow(qsym(pullInGapQ), lit(3))), prod(lit(27), csym('epsilon_0'), qsym(pullInAreaQ))), lit(0.5));
+/** J = (9/8) ε μ V² / d³. Not Child–Langmuir. */
+const BE80_SYMBOLIC = ratio(prod(lit(9), qsym(mottPermittivityQ), qsym(mottMobilityQ), pow(qsym(mottVoltageQ), lit(2))), prod(lit(8), pow(qsym(mottThicknessQ), lit(3))));
+/** J = (4 ε0 / 9) √(2 e / m) V^{3/2} / d². `e` is the elementary charge. */
+const BE81_SYMBOLIC = ratio(prod(lit(4), csym('epsilon_0'), pow(ratio(prod(lit(2), csym('e')), qsym(childCarrierMassQ)), lit(0.5)), pow(qsym(childVoltageQ), lit(1.5))), prod(lit(9), pow(qsym(childGapQ), lit(2))));
+/** I = I_s (exp(e V / (k_B T)) − 1). Ideality is 1. The minus is the literal −1. */
+const BE82_SYMBOLIC = prod(qsym(shockleySaturationQ), plus(expOf(ratio(prod(csym('e'), qsym(shockleyVoltageQ)), prod(csym('k_B'), qsym(shockleyTemperatureQ)))), lit(-1)));
+/** μ_T = T dS/dT. Not Π = S T. */
+const BE83_SYMBOLIC = prod(qsym(thomsonTemperatureQ), qsym(seebeckSlopeQ));
+/** R_s = (π / ln 2) (V / I). The radial 1/r field is a hypothesis. */
+const BE84_SYMBOLIC = prod(ratio(pi, csym('ln2')), ratio(qsym(fourPointVoltageQ), qsym(fourPointCurrentQ)));
+/** S_I = 2 e I. One-sided. `e` is the elementary charge. */
+const BE85_SYMBOLIC = prod(lit(2), csym('e'), qsym(shotCurrentQ));
+/** St = C_f / 2 at Pr = 1 with matched wall slopes. */
+const BE86_SYMBOLIC = ratio(qsym(skinFrictionQ), lit(2));
+/** ⟨v²⟩ = k_B T / C. One quadratic term. */
+const BE87_SYMBOLIC = ratio(prod(csym('k_B'), qsym(capacitorTemperatureQ)), qsym(capacitanceQ));
+/**
+ * BE-77 Hagen–Poiseuille: (radius, pressure drop, viscosity, length) →
+ * flux. The axial balance, centerline slope 0, and no-slip are hypotheses.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be77Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-77',
+    beId: 77,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Hagen–Poiseuille flux Q = π R⁴ ΔP / (8 μ L)',
+    sources: [pipeRadiusQ, pipePressureDropQ, dynamicViscosityQ, pipeLengthQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'pipe-radius': ['R_m', 'R'],
+        'pipe-pressure-drop': ['deltaP_Pa', 'deltaP'],
+        'dynamic-viscosity': ['mu_Pa_s'],
+        'pipe-length': ['L_m', 'L'],
+    },
+    target: poiseuilleFlowQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'R > 0, ΔP finite, μ ≠ 0, L ≠ 0; circular pipe, not a square duct',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['pipe-radius']) &&
+            i['pipe-radius'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['pipe-pressure-drop']) &&
+            finite(i['dynamic-viscosity']) &&
+            i['dynamic-viscosity'] !== 0 &&
+            finite(i['pipe-length']) &&
+            i['pipe-length'] !== 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateHagenPoiseuille({
+        R_m: i['pipe-radius'],
+        deltaP_Pa: i['pipe-pressure-drop'],
+        mu_Pa_s: i['dynamic-viscosity'],
+        L_m: i['pipe-length'],
+    }).Q_m3_per_s,
+    symbolic: BE77_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.HagenPoiseuille.flow_eq. f_D Re = 64 follows from Darcy definitions. The Fanning factor is 16. Not a square duct.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-78 Euler buckling: (modulus, area moment, length) → pinned load.
+ * The cantilever load is a different factor.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be78Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-78',
+    beId: 78,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Euler pinned load P_cr = π² E I / L²',
+    sources: [youngsModulusQ, areaMomentQ, columnLengthQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'youngs-modulus': ['E_Pa', 'E'],
+        'area-moment': ['I_m4'],
+        'column-length': ['L_m', 'L'],
+    },
+    target: bucklingLoadQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'E > 0, I > 0, L > 0; pinned ends y(0) = y(L) = 0',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['youngs-modulus']) &&
+            i['youngs-modulus'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['area-moment']) &&
+            i['area-moment'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['column-length']) &&
+            i['column-length'] > 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateEulerBuckling({
+        E_Pa: i['youngs-modulus'],
+        I_m4: i['area-moment'],
+        L_m: i['column-length'],
+    }).P_N,
+    symbolic: BE78_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.EulerBuckling.critical_load. The beam equation is a hypothesis. The clamped-free load is π² E I / (4 L²), not this load.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-79 pull-in: (stiffness, rest gap, area) → voltage. Parallel-plate
+ * and quasi-static balance are hypotheses. Not a fringing field.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be79Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-79',
+    beId: 79,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Pull-in voltage V_pi = √(8 k g0³ / (27 ε0 A))',
+    sources: [pullInStiffnessQ, pullInGapQ, pullInAreaQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'pull-in-stiffness': ['k_N_per_m', 'k'],
+        'pull-in-gap': ['g0_m', 'g0'],
+        'pull-in-area': ['A_m2', 'A'],
+    },
+    target: pullInVoltageQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'k > 0, g0 > 0, A > 0; the fold is g = 2 g0/3, not g0/2',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['pull-in-stiffness']) &&
+            i['pull-in-stiffness'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['pull-in-gap']) &&
+            i['pull-in-gap'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['pull-in-area']) &&
+            i['pull-in-area'] > 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluatePullIn({
+        k_N_per_m: i['pull-in-stiffness'],
+        g0_m: i['pull-in-gap'],
+        A_m2: i['pull-in-area'],
+    }).V_pi_V,
+    symbolic: BE79_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.PullIn.pull_in_eq. C = ε0 A/g and the linear spring are hypotheses. g = g0/2 is not the fold.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-80 Mott–Gurney: drift, Poisson, and an injecting contact. Not
+ * Child–Langmuir.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be80Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-80',
+    beId: 80,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Mott–Gurney current J = (9/8) ε μ V² / d³',
+    sources: [mottPermittivityQ, mottMobilityQ, mottVoltageQ, mottThicknessQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'mott-permittivity': ['eps'],
+        'mott-mobility': ['mu_m2_per_Vs', 'mu'],
+        'mott-voltage': ['V_volts', 'V'],
+        'mott-thickness': ['d_m', 'd'],
+    },
+    target: mottGurneyCurrentQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'ε > 0, μ > 0, V finite, d > 0; E(0) = 0',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['mott-permittivity']) &&
+            i['mott-permittivity'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['mott-mobility']) &&
+            i['mott-mobility'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['mott-voltage']) &&
+            finite(i['mott-thickness']) &&
+            i['mott-thickness'] > 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateMottGurney({
+        eps: i['mott-permittivity'],
+        mu_m2_per_Vs: i['mott-mobility'],
+        V_volts: i['mott-voltage'],
+        d_m: i['mott-thickness'],
+    }).J_A_per_m2,
+    symbolic: BE80_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.MottGurney.current_eq. Drift, Poisson, and the injecting contact are hypotheses. Not Child–Langmuir.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-81 Child–Langmuir. Collisionless energy, Poisson, and the 4/3
+ * profile. Poisson is not claimed at the cathode. `e` is elementary.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be81Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-81',
+    beId: 81,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Child–Langmuir current J = (4 ε0/9) √(2 e/m) V^{3/2}/d²',
+    sources: [childCarrierMassQ, childVoltageQ, childGapQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'child-carrier-mass': ['m_kg', 'm'],
+        'child-voltage': ['V_volts', 'V'],
+        'child-gap': ['d_m', 'd'],
+    },
+    target: childLangmuirCurrentQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'm > 0, V > 0, d > 0; cathode field 0; Poisson not at x = 0',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['child-carrier-mass']) &&
+            i['child-carrier-mass'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['child-voltage']) &&
+            i['child-voltage'] > 0 &&
+            finite(i['child-gap']) &&
+            i['child-gap'] > 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateChildLangmuir({
+        m_kg: i['child-carrier-mass'],
+        V_volts: i['child-voltage'],
+        d_m: i['child-gap'],
+    }).J_A_per_m2,
+    symbolic: BE81_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.ChildLangmuir.current_eq. e is the elementary charge. Not a drift-only solid.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-82 Shockley diode at ideality 1. Not a diffusion-length ODE.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be82Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-82',
+    beId: 82,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Shockley diode I = I_s (exp(e V/(k_B T)) − 1)',
+    sources: [shockleySaturationQ, shockleyVoltageQ, shockleyTemperatureQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'shockley-saturation': ['I_s_A', 'I_s'],
+        'shockley-voltage': ['V_volts', 'V'],
+        'shockley-temperature': ['T_K', 'T'],
+    },
+    target: shockleyCurrentQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'I_s and V finite, T ≠ 0; ideality 1',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['shockley-saturation']) &&
+            finite(i['shockley-voltage']) &&
+            finite(i['shockley-temperature']) &&
+            i['shockley-temperature'] !== 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateShockleyDiode({
+        I_s_A: i['shockley-saturation'],
+        V_volts: i['shockley-voltage'],
+        T_K: i['shockley-temperature'],
+    }).I_A,
+    symbolic: BE82_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.ShockleyDiode.shockley_eq. Quasi-equilibrium, detailed balance at V = 0, and low injection are hypotheses. Ideality 2 is not this current.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-83 Thomson coefficient. Builds on the Kelvin relation read along
+ * temperature. The quantities do not meet be-73, so the edges do not compose.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be83Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-83',
+    beId: 83,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Thomson coefficient μ_T = T dS/dT',
+    sources: [thomsonTemperatureQ, seebeckSlopeQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'thomson-temperature': ['T_K', 'T'],
+        'seebeck-slope': ['dS_dT_V_per_K2', 'dS_dT'],
+    },
+    target: thomsonCoefficientQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'T and dS/dT finite; Kelvin along temperature and the Thomson split are hypotheses',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['thomson-temperature']) && finite(i['seebeck-slope']),
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateThomsonCoefficient({
+        T_K: i['thomson-temperature'],
+        dS_dT_V_per_K2: i['seebeck-slope'],
+    }).mu_V_per_K,
+    symbolic: BE83_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.Thomson.thomson_eq. Π(t) = S(t) t is PhysJS.KelvinRelation.peltier_eq read along temperature. Not a second copy of Π = S T.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-84 four-point sheet resistance. The radial 1/r potential is a premise.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be84Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-84',
+    beId: 84,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Four-point sheet resistance R_s = (π / ln 2) (V/I)',
+    sources: [fourPointVoltageQ, fourPointCurrentQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'four-point-voltage': ['V_volts', 'V'],
+        'four-point-current': ['I_A', 'I'],
+    },
+    target: sheetResistanceQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'V finite, I ≠ 0; probes at 0, s, 2s, 3s; radial field (I R_s)/(2 π r)',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['four-point-voltage']) && finite(i['four-point-current']) && i['four-point-current'] !== 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateFourPointSheet({
+        V_volts: i['four-point-voltage'],
+        I_A: i['four-point-current'],
+    }).R_s_ohm,
+    symbolic: BE84_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.FourPoint.sheet_eq. The Laplace field and linear superposition are hypotheses. A sink at 4s is 2π/ln 3. Not PhysJS.Crossing.antisymmetry.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-85 one-sided shot noise. Not Johnson–Nyquist and not the two-sided e I.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be85Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-85',
+    beId: 85,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Shot noise S_I = 2 e I',
+    sources: [shotCurrentQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'shot-current': ['I_A', 'I'],
+    },
+    target: shotNoiseQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'I finite; Poisson Var(N) = mean(N); one-sided Δf = 1/(2 T)',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['shot-current']),
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateShotNoise({ I_A: i['shot-current'] }).S_I_A2_per_Hz,
+    symbolic: BE85_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.ShotNoise.shot_eq. e is the elementary charge. The two-sided bandwidth gives e I. Not Johnson–Nyquist.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-86 Reynolds analogy. Matched wall slopes and Pr = 1 are hypotheses.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be86Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-86',
+    beId: 86,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Reynolds analogy St = C_f / 2',
+    sources: [skinFrictionQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'skin-friction': ['C_f'],
+    },
+    target: stantonNumberQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'C_f finite; normalized wall gradients agree and Pr = 1',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['skin-friction']),
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateReynoldsAnalogy({ C_f: i['skin-friction'] }).St,
+    symbolic: BE86_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.ReynoldsAnalogy.reynolds_eq. St Pr = C_f/2 when the slopes match. Pr = 1 is the hypothesis that drops Pr. Not a Nusselt correlation.',
+});
+/**
+ * BE-87 capacitor voltage variance. One quadratic term, not (3/2) k_B T/C.
+ *
+ * @public
+ */
+export const be87Edge = withBoundAliases({
+    id: 'be-87',
+    beId: 87,
+    kind: 'law',
+    label: 'Capacitor noise ⟨v²⟩ = k_B T / C',
+    sources: [capacitorTemperatureQ, capacitanceQ],
+    aliases: {
+        'capacitor-temperature': ['T_K', 'T'],
+        capacitance: ['C_F', 'C'],
+    },
+    target: capacitorVoltageVarianceQ,
+    confidence: 'established',
+    domain: {
+        description: 'T finite, C > 0; U = (C/2) V²',
+        predicate: (i) => finite(i['capacitor-temperature']) && finite(i['capacitance']) && i['capacitance'] > 0,
+    },
+    evaluate: (i) => evaluateCapacitorNoise({
+        T_K: i['capacitor-temperature'],
+        C_F: i['capacitance'],
+    }).v2_V2,
+    symbolic: BE87_SYMBOLIC,
+    citation: 'PhysJS.CapacitorNoise.noise_eq. (3/2) k_B T/C is not this variance. Dropping the energy half gives k_B T/(2 C).',
+});
 /** The applied-physicist edges, in catalog-id order. @public */
 export const APPLIED_PHYSICIST_EDGES = [
     be66Edge,
@@ -332,5 +826,19 @@ export const APPLIED_PHYSICIST_EDGES = [
     be71Edge,
     be72Edge,
     be73Edge,
+    be74Edge,
+    be75Edge,
+    be76Edge,
+    be77Edge,
+    be78Edge,
+    be79Edge,
+    be80Edge,
+    be81Edge,
+    be82Edge,
+    be83Edge,
+    be84Edge,
+    be85Edge,
+    be86Edge,
+    be87Edge,
 ];
 //# sourceMappingURL=applied-physicist.js.map