universal-physics-tensor 0.45.2 → 0.47.0

package/dist/atlas/diffusion/bridges-closure.js

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+/**
+ * Atlas Phase 4 — the five diffusion-family bridges added to close Sprint 4's
+ * "≥ 20 bridges" exit criterion.
+ *
+ * Design note: `docs/planning/Atlas-Phase-4-Design.md` §4 (Sprint 4 closure).
+ *
+ * | Bridge | Relation | Witnesses |
+ * |---|---|---|
+ * | Langevin → Fick | `coarse-graining` | WD4 (convergence), WD4b (ballistic regime) |
+ * | Langevin + Stokes drag → Fick | `derivation`, **hyperedge** | WD5 (canonical + water), WD5s (CAS) |
+ * | telegraph → Fick | `approximation` (singular, τ → 0) | WD6 (convergence), WD6b (oscillatory modes) |
+ * | telegraph → 1-D wave | `approximation` (τDq² → ∞, t ≪ τ) | WD7 (convergence) |
+ * | heat → Laplace | `restriction` (steady state) | WD8 (convergence in time) |
+ *
+ * Every regime inequality keys a `PiGroup.formula` derived from the dimension
+ * matrix. Every `delta` is the EXACT error at its domain edge; every error
+ * function used for it is monotone on the domain, so the edge value is the
+ * supremum.
+ *
+ * @module atlas/diffusion/bridges-closure
+ */
+import { ENERGY, LENGTH, MASS, TIME, VELOCITY } from '../../dimensional/types.js';
+import { makeApproximation } from '../oscillators/bridges-limits.js';
+import { DAMPING } from '../oscillators/dimensions.js';
+import { deriveRegimeGroups } from '../regime.js';
+import { WAVENUMBER } from '../waves/models.js';
+import { DENSITY, DIFFUSIVITY, SPECIFIC_HEAT, THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY } from './dimensions.js';
+import { DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME, VISCOSITY } from './models.js';
+import { telegraphSlowRateRatio, telegraphWaveFrequencyRatio } from './numerics.js';
+const TEST = 'tests/atlas/closure.test.ts';
+const WITNESS_RESULTS_TEST = 'tests/atlas/witness-results.test.ts';
+/** τ_p/t ceiling of the Langevin → Fick regime: WD4's fine resolution, t = 100 τ_p. @internal */
+export const LANGEVIN_MAX_TAU_RATIO = 0.01;
+/** ε = τDq² ceiling of the telegraph → Fick domain. @internal */
+export const TELEGRAPH_FICK_MAX_EPS = 0.05;
+/** ε = τDq² floor of the telegraph → wave domain. @internal */
+export const TELEGRAPH_WAVE_MIN_EPS = 25;
+/** Fourier-number floor of the steady-state restriction. @internal */
+export const STEADY_MIN_FOURIER = 1;
+const regime = (parameters, inequalities) => regimeWithInputs(parameters, [], inequalities);
+/** A regime whose coordinates also include dimensionless model inputs (such as Re). */
+const regimeWithInputs = (parameters, dimensionlessInputs, inequalities) => ({
+    family: DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME,
+    inequalities,
+    groupDefinitions: deriveRegimeGroups(DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME, parameters, dimensionlessInputs),
+});
+/** Reynolds-number ceiling of the Stokes–Einstein derivation: a chosen threshold for Re ≪ 1. @internal */
+const STOKES_MAX_RE = 0.1;
+/** Ceiling of τ_p/t = m/(γt) for the overdamped limit: a chosen threshold for ≪ 1. @internal */
+const STOKES_MAX_TAU_RATIO = 0.01;
+/** Bridge: Langevin → Fick, the Einstein coarse-graining D = k_BT/γ. @internal */
+export const BRIDGE_LANGEVIN_DIFFUSION = {
+    id: 'ab-langevin-diffusion',
+    relation: 'coarse-graining',
+    premises: ['model-langevin'],
+    conclusion: 'model-fick',
+    transformation: 'average over times t ≫ τ_p = m/γ: ⟨x²⟩ → 2Dt with D = k_B T/γ (Einstein)',
+    preserves: ['the long-time mean-square displacement', 'the equilibrium velocity variance k_B T/m'],
+    doesNotPreserve: [
+        'the velocity as a state variable',
+        'the ballistic regime t ≲ τ_p, where ⟨x²⟩ ≈ (k_B T/m) t²',
+        'the momentum relaxation time τ_p as an independent scale',
+    ],
+    sideConditions: ['overdamped observation times: τ_p/t ≪ 1', 'white thermal noise, fluctuation–dissipation 2γk_BT'],
+    regime: regime([
+        { name: 'm', dim: MASS },
+        { name: 'gamma', dim: DAMPING },
+        { name: 'kT', dim: ENERGY },
+        { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+        { name: 't', dim: TIME },
+    ], [
+        {
+            group: 'm · gamma^-1 · t^-1',
+            op: '<=',
+            bound: LANGEVIN_MAX_TAU_RATIO,
+            alias: 'τ_p/t ≪ 1 (machine form ≤ 0.01)',
+        },
+    ]),
+    counterexamples: [
+        {
+            description: 'At t = 0.1 τ_p the Langevin mean-square displacement is 0.048 of 2Dt: the particle is ' +
+                'still ballistic, ⟨x²⟩ ≈ (k_BT/m)t², and the diffusion model does not describe it.',
+            witness: 'WD4b',
+        },
+    ],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD4',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: '⟨x²⟩/(2Dt) within 0.02 of 1 at t = 100 τ_p, from the Langevin moment equations by RK4',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD4b',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: '⟨x²⟩/(2Dt) = 0.0484 at t = 0.1 τ_p',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: [
+        'Uhlenbeck & Ornstein, Phys. Rev. 36 (1930) 823 - On the theory of the Brownian motion',
+        'Einstein, Ann. Phys. 17 (1905) 549 - the relation D = k_B T/γ',
+    ],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/**
+ * Bridge: Langevin + Stokes drag → Fick with the Stokes–Einstein coefficient.
+ *
+ * A HYPEREDGE: the Langevin model supplies D = k_BT/γ with γ free; Stokes drag
+ * supplies γ = 6πηa for a sphere. Neither alone gives D in terms of the fluid.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const BRIDGE_STOKES_EINSTEIN = {
+    id: 'ab-stokes-einstein',
+    relation: 'derivation',
+    premises: ['model-langevin', 'model-stokes-drag'],
+    conclusion: 'model-fick',
+    transformation: 'substitute γ = 6πηa into D = k_B T/γ: D = k_B T/(6πηa)',
+    preserves: ['the long-time diffusion coefficient of a sphere'],
+    doesNotPreserve: ['the particle mass (it drops out)', 'the shape beyond the radius a'],
+    sideConditions: [
+        'creeping flow around the sphere, Re ≪ 1 (machine form Re ≤ 0.1: a chosen threshold for "≪ 1")',
+        'no-slip boundary',
+        'overdamped times t ≫ m/γ (machine form m/(γt) ≤ 0.01: a chosen threshold for "≪ 1", as in ab-langevin-diffusion)',
+    ],
+    // The prose conditions were not machine-checked, so `upt regime` reported this
+    // bridge VACUOUS and "valid" at Re = 1000 (persona finding L8). Re is a
+    // dimensionless input of the flow; m/(γt) is listed first so its π-group key is
+    // the one ab-langevin-diffusion uses, and one --at value checks both bridges.
+    regime: regimeWithInputs([
+        { name: 'm', dim: MASS },
+        { name: 'gamma', dim: DAMPING },
+        { name: 't', dim: TIME },
+        { name: 'kT', dim: ENERGY },
+        { name: 'eta', dim: VISCOSITY },
+        { name: 'a', dim: LENGTH },
+        { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+    ], ['Re'], [
+        { group: 'Re', op: '<=', bound: STOKES_MAX_RE, alias: 'Re ≪ 1 (machine form Re ≤ 0.1)' },
+        {
+            group: 'm · gamma^-1 · t^-1',
+            op: '<=',
+            bound: STOKES_MAX_TAU_RATIO,
+            alias: 'τ_p/t ≪ 1 (machine form m/(γt) ≤ 0.01)',
+        },
+    ]),
+    counterexamples: [],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD5',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'agrees with CE-stokes-einstein to 1e-12 relative; a 1 µm sphere in water at 20 °C gives D = 4.29e-13 m²/s',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD5s',
+            kind: 'symbolic',
+            test: WITNESS_RESULTS_TEST,
+            tolerance: 'CAS: k_BT/γ under γ ↦ 6πηa minus k_BT/(6πηa) simplifies to literal 0',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: [
+        'Einstein, Ann. Phys. 17 (1905) 549 - Brownian motion of a sphere, D = k_B T/(6πηa)',
+        'Stokes, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 9 (1851) 8 - the drag on a sphere in creeping flow',
+    ],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/**
+ * Bridge: telegraph → Fick, the SINGULAR limit τ → 0.
+ *
+ * Singular because the highest time derivative is lost: the telegraph equation
+ * needs two initial conditions and diffusion takes one, so a fast mode
+ * `e^{−t/τ}` forms an initial layer. The bound therefore holds only AFTER that
+ * layer, and the machine horizon has a LOWER edge as well as an upper one.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const BRIDGE_TELEGRAPH_DIFFUSION = {
+    id: 'ab-telegraph-diffusion',
+    relation: 'approximation',
+    premises: ['model-telegraph'],
+    conclusion: 'model-fick',
+    transformation: 'drop τ u_tt: the slow mode decays at Dq²(1 + ε + 2ε² + …) → Dq², ε = τDq²',
+    preserves: ['the slow decay rate of each Fourier mode to O(ε)', 'the total amount ∫u dx'],
+    doesNotPreserve: [
+        'the finite signal speed √(D/τ)',
+        'the second initial condition u_t(x, 0)',
+        'oscillatory modes, which exist for ε > 1/4',
+    ],
+    sideConditions: ['ε = τDq² ≤ 0.05', 'after the initial layer: t ≫ τ'],
+    bound: makeApproximation({
+        K: 1,
+        delta: telegraphSlowRateRatio(TELEGRAPH_FICK_MAX_EPS, 1, 1) - 1,
+        deltaAt: (p) => telegraphSlowRateRatio(p['tau'] ?? Number.NaN, p['D'] ?? Number.NaN, p['q'] ?? Number.NaN) - 1,
+        deltaAtBasis: 'closed-form',
+        norm: 'relative error of the slow-mode decay rate of a Fourier mode, normalized by the value of the reduced model',
+        domain: 'ε = τDq² ≤ 0.05',
+        horizon: 'τ ≪ t ≪ 1/(δ D q²): after the initial layer and before the decay-rate error accumulates; ' +
+            'machine form 5τ < t < 0.1/(δ D q²)',
+        horizonHolds: (t, p) => {
+            const { tau, D, q } = p;
+            if (tau === undefined || D === undefined || q === undefined)
+                return false;
+            const delta = telegraphSlowRateRatio(tau, D, q) - 1;
+            if (!Number.isFinite(delta))
+                return false;
+            if (t <= 5 * tau)
+                return false;
+            return delta === 0 || t < 0.1 / (delta * D * q * q);
+        },
+        parameterRange: 'ε = τDq² ≤ 0.05',
+        limitCharacter: 'singular',
+        // A slow-mode decay-rate error. The horizon says that error accumulates,
+        // so time is not listed.
+        uniformity: ['slow-mode decay rate of one Fourier mode, for ε = τDq² ≤ 0.05'],
+    }),
+    regime: regime([
+        { name: 'tau', dim: TIME },
+        { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+        { name: 'q', dim: WAVENUMBER },
+    ], [{ group: 'tau · D · q^2', op: '<=', bound: TELEGRAPH_FICK_MAX_EPS, alias: 'ε = τDq² ≤ 0.05' }]),
+    counterexamples: [
+        {
+            description: 'At ε = τDq² = 1 the telegraph mode is OSCILLATORY (complex rate, NaN on the slow branch): ' +
+                'no diffusion mode oscillates.',
+            witness: 'WD6b',
+        },
+    ],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD6',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'slow rate / Dq² within 0.03 of 1 at τ = 0.025 (D = q = 1); error halves with τ',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD6b',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'no real slow rate at ε = 1',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: [
+        'Cattaneo, Atti Sem. Mat. Fis. Univ. Modena 3 (1948) 83 - heat conduction with a relaxation time',
+        'Goldstein, Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 4 (1951) 129 - On diffusion by discontinuous movements, and on the telegraph equation',
+    ],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/**
+ * Bridge: telegraph → 1-D wave, for strongly underdamped modes over short times.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const BRIDGE_TELEGRAPH_WAVE = {
+    id: 'ab-telegraph-wave',
+    relation: 'approximation',
+    premises: ['model-telegraph'],
+    conclusion: 'model-wave-1d',
+    transformation: 'drop u_t: τ u_tt = D u_xx, a wave with c² = D/τ',
+    preserves: ['the signal speed √(D/τ)', 'the oscillation frequency to O(1/ε)'],
+    doesNotPreserve: ['damping: telegraph modes decay as e^{−t/(2τ)}', 'relaxation to diffusion at long times'],
+    sideConditions: ['ε = τDq² ≥ 25', 'short times t ≪ τ (the bound is not uniform in time)'],
+    bound: makeApproximation({
+        K: 1,
+        delta: 1 - telegraphWaveFrequencyRatio(TELEGRAPH_WAVE_MIN_EPS, 1, 1),
+        deltaAt: (p) => 1 - telegraphWaveFrequencyRatio(p['tau'] ?? Number.NaN, p['D'] ?? Number.NaN, p['q'] ?? Number.NaN),
+        deltaAtBasis: 'closed-form',
+        norm: 'relative error of the oscillation frequency of a Fourier mode, normalized by the value of the reduced model',
+        domain: 'ε = τDq² ≥ 25',
+        horizon: 't ≪ τ: before damping e^{−t/(2τ)} removes 10% of the amplitude; machine form t < 2τ ln(10/9)',
+        horizonHolds: (t, p) => {
+            const { tau } = p;
+            if (tau === undefined || !(tau > 0))
+                return false;
+            return t >= 0 && t < 2 * tau * Math.log(10 / 9);
+        },
+        parameterRange: 'ε = τDq² ≥ 25',
+        limitCharacter: 'regular',
+        // An oscillation-frequency error. The record says it is not uniform in time.
+        uniformity: ['oscillation frequency of one Fourier mode, for ε = τDq² ≥ 25'],
+    }),
+    regime: regime([
+        { name: 'tau', dim: TIME },
+        { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+        { name: 'q', dim: WAVENUMBER },
+        { name: 'c', dim: VELOCITY },
+    ], [{ group: 'tau · D · q^2', op: '>=', bound: TELEGRAPH_WAVE_MIN_EPS, alias: 'ε = τDq² ≥ 25' }]),
+    counterexamples: [],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD7',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'frequency ratio within 3e-3 of 1 at ε = 50; error halves as ε doubles',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: ['Goldstein, Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 4 (1951) 129 - On diffusion by discontinuous movements, and on the telegraph equation'],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/** Bridge: heat → Laplace, the steady-state restriction. @internal */
+export const BRIDGE_HEAT_LAPLACE = {
+    id: 'ab-heat-laplace',
+    relation: 'restriction',
+    premises: ['model-heat'],
+    conclusion: 'model-laplace-1d',
+    transformation: '∂T/∂t = 0: κ T_xx = 0, T linear between the end temperatures',
+    preserves: ['the end temperatures', 'the steady heat flux κ(T_b − T_a)/ℓ'],
+    doesNotPreserve: ['the transient', 'ρ and c_p, which drop out of the steady state'],
+    sideConditions: ['fixed end temperatures', 'Fourier number αt/ℓ² ≥ 1 (transients decayed)'],
+    regime: regime([
+        { name: 'kappa', dim: THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY },
+        { name: 'rho', dim: DENSITY },
+        { name: 'cp', dim: SPECIFIC_HEAT },
+        { name: 'ell', dim: LENGTH },
+        { name: 't', dim: TIME },
+    ], [
+        {
+            group: 'kappa · rho^-1 · cp^-1 · ell^-2 · t',
+            op: '>=',
+            bound: STEADY_MIN_FOURIER,
+            alias: 'Fo = αt/ℓ² ≥ 1',
+        },
+    ]),
+    counterexamples: [],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD8',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'max deviation from the linear profile below 0.025 at αt/ℓ² = 0.4; shrinks with time',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: ['Carslaw & Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids - steady linear flow in a slab'],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/** The diffusion-family closure bridges. @internal */
+export const DIFFUSION_CLOSURE_BRIDGES = [
+    BRIDGE_LANGEVIN_DIFFUSION,
+    BRIDGE_STOKES_EINSTEIN,
+    BRIDGE_TELEGRAPH_DIFFUSION,
+    BRIDGE_TELEGRAPH_WAVE,
+    BRIDGE_HEAT_LAPLACE,
+];
+//# sourceMappingURL=bridges-closure.js.map

package/dist/atlas/diffusion/bridges-closure.js.map

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package/dist/atlas/diffusion/bridges.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Atlas Phase 4, S4.4 — the three bridges of the diffusion family.
+ *
+ * Design note: `docs/planning/Atlas-Phase-4-Design.md` §4.
+ *
+ * | Bridge | Relation | Witnesses |
+ * |---|---|---|
+ * | random walk → Fick | `coarse-graining` | WD1 (convergence), WD1b (light cone) |
+ * | heat ↔ Fick | `exact-equivalence` | WD2 (convergence), WD2s (CAS) |
+ * | free Schrödinger → Fick | `analytic-continuation` | W5, WD3 (convergence), WD3b (norm) |
+ *
+ * Regime groups are DERIVED through `deriveRegimeGroups` and keyed by
+ * `PiGroup.formula`; every inequality names one of those keys. The Fourier
+ * number `D·t/ℓ²` appears as `kappa · rho^-1 · cp^-1 · ell^-2 · t` on the heat
+ * side. **The Péclet number is not applicable to any model here**: it needs an
+ * advection velocity, and none of the four models has one. It is stated as a
+ * side condition (`no advection`) rather than invented as a group.
+ *
+ * Tolerances were set AFTER measuring each witness at several resolutions and
+ * are stated in the witness records; `tests/atlas/diffusion.test.ts` asserts
+ * the measured numbers.
+ *
+ * @module atlas/diffusion/bridges
+ */
+import type { AtlasBridge } from '../types.js';
+/** The Δt/t ceiling of the walk → diffusion regime: WD1's coarse resolution, 100 steps. @internal */
+export declare const WALK_MAX_STEP_FRACTION = 0.01;
+/** Bridge: lattice random walk → Fick diffusion, by coarse-graining. @internal */
+export declare const BRIDGE_WALK_DIFFUSION: AtlasBridge;
+/** Bridge: heat conduction ↔ Fick diffusion, an exact equivalence. @internal */
+export declare const BRIDGE_HEAT_DIFFUSION: AtlasBridge;
+/** Bridge: free Schrödinger → Fick diffusion, by Wick rotation. @internal */
+export declare const BRIDGE_SCHRODINGER_DIFFUSION: AtlasBridge;
+/** The diffusion family's bridges, in design-note order. @internal */
+export declare const DIFFUSION_BRIDGES: readonly AtlasBridge[];
+//# sourceMappingURL=bridges.d.ts.map

package/dist/atlas/diffusion/bridges.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/atlas/diffusion/bridges.js

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/**
+ * Atlas Phase 4, S4.4 — the three bridges of the diffusion family.
+ *
+ * Design note: `docs/planning/Atlas-Phase-4-Design.md` §4.
+ *
+ * | Bridge | Relation | Witnesses |
+ * |---|---|---|
+ * | random walk → Fick | `coarse-graining` | WD1 (convergence), WD1b (light cone) |
+ * | heat ↔ Fick | `exact-equivalence` | WD2 (convergence), WD2s (CAS) |
+ * | free Schrödinger → Fick | `analytic-continuation` | W5, WD3 (convergence), WD3b (norm) |
+ *
+ * Regime groups are DERIVED through `deriveRegimeGroups` and keyed by
+ * `PiGroup.formula`; every inequality names one of those keys. The Fourier
+ * number `D·t/ℓ²` appears as `kappa · rho^-1 · cp^-1 · ell^-2 · t` on the heat
+ * side. **The Péclet number is not applicable to any model here**: it needs an
+ * advection velocity, and none of the four models has one. It is stated as a
+ * side condition (`no advection`) rather than invented as a group.
+ *
+ * Tolerances were set AFTER measuring each witness at several resolutions and
+ * are stated in the witness records; `tests/atlas/diffusion.test.ts` asserts
+ * the measured numbers.
+ *
+ * @module atlas/diffusion/bridges
+ */
+import { LENGTH, MASS, ACTION, TIME } from '../../dimensional/types.js';
+import { deriveRegimeGroups } from '../regime.js';
+import { DENSITY, DIFFUSIVITY, SPECIFIC_HEAT, THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY } from './dimensions.js';
+import { DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME } from './models.js';
+const TEST = 'tests/atlas/diffusion.test.ts';
+const WITNESS_RESULTS_TEST = 'tests/atlas/witness-results.test.ts';
+/** The Δt/t ceiling of the walk → diffusion regime: WD1's coarse resolution, 100 steps. @internal */
+export const WALK_MAX_STEP_FRACTION = 0.01;
+/** Bridge: lattice random walk → Fick diffusion, by coarse-graining. @internal */
+export const BRIDGE_WALK_DIFFUSION = {
+    id: 'ab-walk-diffusion',
+    relation: 'coarse-graining',
+    premises: ['model-random-walk'],
+    conclusion: 'model-fick',
+    transformation: 'P(n, k)/(2Δx) ↦ c(x = nΔx, t = kΔt), with the closure D = Δx²/(2Δt)',
+    preserves: [
+        'mean-square displacement ⟨x²⟩ = 2Dt, exactly at every step',
+        'total probability',
+        'the Gaussian long-time profile',
+    ],
+    doesNotPreserve: [
+        'the lattice spacing Δx and the step Δt as independent scales — only Δx²/Δt survives',
+        'parity: after an even number of steps only even sites are occupied',
+        'the finite propagation speed Δx/Δt: diffusion is positive everywhere at once',
+    ],
+    sideConditions: [
+        'the closure D = Δx²/(2Δt) is held fixed as Δx, Δt → 0',
+        'many steps: Δt/t ≪ 1',
+        'symmetric, unbiased steps',
+    ],
+    regime: {
+        family: DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME,
+        inequalities: [
+            {
+                group: 'dt · t^-1',
+                op: '<=',
+                bound: WALK_MAX_STEP_FRACTION,
+                alias: 'Δt/t ≪ 1 (machine form ≤ 0.01, the coarse resolution WD1 measures)',
+            },
+        ],
+        groupDefinitions: deriveRegimeGroups(DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME, [
+            { name: 'dx', dim: LENGTH },
+            { name: 'dt', dim: TIME },
+            { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+            { name: 't', dim: TIME },
+        ], []),
+    },
+    counterexamples: [
+        {
+            description: 'After 100 steps the walker cannot be more than 100 sites from the origin, so its ' +
+                'density at site 101 is exactly 0, while the diffusion kernel there is positive: the ' +
+                'coarse-grained model has no light cone.',
+            witness: 'WD1b',
+        },
+    ],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD1',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'density at the origin within 1e-4 of (4πDt)^-1/2 at 1000 steps; error shrinks with refinement',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD1b',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'walk density exactly 0 beyond the light cone while the kernel is > 0',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: [
+        'Einstein, Ann. Phys. 17 (1905) 549 - Brownian motion; the mean-square displacement grows as 2Dt',
+        'Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. I - the symmetric random walk and the de Moivre-Laplace limit',
+    ],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/** Bridge: heat conduction ↔ Fick diffusion, an exact equivalence. @internal */
+export const BRIDGE_HEAT_DIFFUSION = {
+    id: 'ab-heat-diffusion',
+    relation: 'exact-equivalence',
+    premises: ['model-heat'],
+    conclusion: 'model-fick',
+    transformation: 'T ↦ c, κ/(ρ c_p) ↦ D',
+    inverse: 'c ↦ T, D ↦ κ/(ρ c_p) (any κ, ρ, c_p with that ratio)',
+    preserves: [
+        'the solution operator: equal initial data give equal solutions at every t',
+        'Fourier-mode decay rates D q²',
+        'the Fourier number D t/ℓ²',
+    ],
+    doesNotPreserve: [
+        'physical interpretation: temperature versus concentration',
+        'units',
+        'the separate values of κ, ρ and c_p — only their ratio survives',
+    ],
+    sideConditions: [
+        'homogeneous isotropic medium: κ, ρ, c_p constant',
+        'no sources and no advection (the Péclet number is not applicable to either model)',
+    ],
+    regime: {
+        family: DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME,
+        inequalities: [],
+        groupDefinitions: deriveRegimeGroups(DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME, [
+            { name: 'kappa', dim: THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY },
+            { name: 'rho', dim: DENSITY },
+            { name: 'cp', dim: SPECIFIC_HEAT },
+            { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+            { name: 'ell', dim: LENGTH },
+            { name: 't', dim: TIME },
+        ], []),
+    },
+    counterexamples: [],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'WD2',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'FTCS heat solution at x = 0 within 5e-4 of the Fick solution with D = κ/(ρ c_p) at 160 cells',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD2s',
+            kind: 'symbolic',
+            test: WITNESS_RESULTS_TEST,
+            tolerance: 'CAS: κq²/(ρ c_p) under κ ↦ D ρ c_p minus D q² simplifies to literal 0',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: [
+        'Carslaw & Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids - the heat equation and the thermal diffusivity κ/(ρ c_p)',
+        'Crank, The Mathematics of Diffusion - Fick’s second law and its identity with the heat-conduction equation',
+    ],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/** Bridge: free Schrödinger → Fick diffusion, by Wick rotation. @internal */
+export const BRIDGE_SCHRODINGER_DIFFUSION = {
+    id: 'ab-schrodinger-diffusion',
+    relation: 'analytic-continuation',
+    premises: ['model-schrodinger-free'],
+    conclusion: 'model-fick',
+    transformation: 't = −iτ: ψ(x, −iτ) ↦ c(x, τ), with D = ħ/(2m)',
+    preserves: [
+        'linearity',
+        'the Gaussian kernel structure, with a spread growing linearly in time',
+    ],
+    doesNotPreserve: [
+        'unitarity: ∫|ψ|² dx is conserved, ∫φ² dx decays',
+        'oscillation and phase: the oscillating propagator becomes a decaying Gaussian',
+        'time-reversal symmetry: diffusion is irreversible',
+    ],
+    sideConditions: [
+        'V = 0 (free particle)',
+        'the continuation is formal: real Schrödinger time maps to imaginary diffusion time',
+    ],
+    regime: {
+        family: DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME,
+        inequalities: [],
+        groupDefinitions: deriveRegimeGroups(DIFFUSION_FAMILY_NAME, [
+            { name: 'hbar', dim: ACTION },
+            { name: 'm', dim: MASS },
+            { name: 'D', dim: DIFFUSIVITY },
+        ], []),
+    },
+    counterexamples: [
+        {
+            description: 'The squared norm of the Wick-rotated kernel falls from 1.755 at τ = 0 to 0.580 at ' +
+                'τ = 4 (ħ = 1, m = 0.5, s = 0.7), where the Schrödinger norm would be conserved.',
+            witness: 'WD3b',
+        },
+    ],
+    evidence: new Set(['proposed', 'numerically-supported']),
+    witnesses: [
+        {
+            id: 'W5',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: 'tests/atlas/quantum-support.test.ts',
+            tolerance: 'coefficients ħ/2m, −1, 1/ħ; free-kernel sup-norm residual ratio of ∂τφ = (ħ/2m)∂²φ below 1e-4',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD3',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: 'finite-difference residual of ∂τφ = (ħ/2m)∂²φ below 1e-3 at h = 0.025',
+        },
+        {
+            id: 'WD3b',
+            kind: 'numeric',
+            test: TEST,
+            tolerance: '∫φ² dx matches s²√(2π/σ(τ)) within 1e-9 and decreases in τ',
+        },
+    ],
+    citations: [
+        'Feynman & Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals - the free-particle kernel and its imaginary-time form',
+        'Nelson, J. Math. Phys. 5 (1964) 332 - Feynman integrals and the Schrödinger equation (the analytic continuation to the heat kernel)',
+    ],
+    reviewStatus: 'proposed',
+};
+/** The diffusion family's bridges, in design-note order. @internal */
+export const DIFFUSION_BRIDGES = [
+    BRIDGE_WALK_DIFFUSION,
+    BRIDGE_HEAT_DIFFUSION,
+    BRIDGE_SCHRODINGER_DIFFUSION,
+];
+//# sourceMappingURL=bridges.js.map

package/dist/atlas/diffusion/bridges.js.map

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package/dist/atlas/diffusion/dimensions.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * Dimension constants the diffusion family needs that the canonical entry
+ * files declare MODULE-LOCAL and do not export.
+ *
+ * Redefined here with the same `dim(...)` arguments as their sources, the same
+ * discipline as `oscillators/dimensions.ts`. `tests/atlas/diffusion.test.ts`
+ * asserts the values against the canonical registry, so a future divergence
+ * fails a test rather than silently forking the physics.
+ *
+ * @module atlas/diffusion/dimensions
+ */
+import type { Dimension } from '../../dimensional/types.js';
+/** m²/s, `L^2 T^-1` — `src/canonical/entries/thermo-nuclear-cosmo.ts:44`. @internal */
+export declare const DIFFUSIVITY: Dimension;
+/** W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, `L M T^-3 Θ^-1` — `src/canonical/entries/thermo-nuclear-cosmo.ts:42`. @internal */
+export declare const THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY: Dimension;
+/** kg/m³, `L^-3 M` — `src/canonical/entries/thermo-nuclear-cosmo.ts:43`. @internal */
+export declare const DENSITY: Dimension;
+/** J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹, `L^2 T^-2 Θ^-1` — `src/canonical/entries/thermo-nuclear-cosmo.ts:35`. @internal */
+export declare const SPECIFIC_HEAT: Dimension;
+//# sourceMappingURL=dimensions.d.ts.map