universal-dev-standards 5.17.0 → 6.0.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/bin/uds.js +13 -135
- package/bundled/ai/standards/acceptance-criteria-traceability.ai.yaml +13 -4
- package/bundled/ai/standards/accessibility-standards.ai.yaml +1 -1
- package/bundled/ai/standards/ai-response-navigation.ai.yaml +15 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/api-design-standards.ai.yaml +27 -4
- package/bundled/ai/standards/behavior-snapshot.ai.yaml +86 -9
- package/bundled/ai/standards/checkin-standards.ai.yaml +2 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/code-review.ai.yaml +2 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/context-aware-loading.ai.yaml +3 -3
- package/bundled/ai/standards/data-migration-testing.ai.yaml +79 -3
- package/bundled/ai/standards/deprecation-standards.ai.yaml +10 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/developer-memory.ai.yaml +4 -3
- package/bundled/ai/standards/flow-based-testing.ai.yaml +2 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/forward-derivation-standards.ai.yaml +26 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/full-coverage-testing.ai.yaml +34 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/git-worktree.ai.yaml +3 -3
- package/bundled/ai/standards/logging.ai.yaml +97 -3
- package/bundled/ai/standards/mock-boundary.ai.yaml +48 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/model-provenance.ai.yaml +297 -0
- package/bundled/ai/standards/model-selection.ai.yaml +11 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/observability-standards.ai.yaml +10 -0
- package/bundled/ai/standards/performance-standards.ai.yaml +46 -1
- package/bundled/ai/standards/pii-classification.ai.yaml +15 -1
- package/bundled/ai/standards/pipeline-security-gates.ai.yaml +10 -0
- package/bundled/ai/standards/privacy-standards.ai.yaml +2 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/project-context-memory.ai.yaml +2 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/refactoring-standards.ai.yaml +68 -3
- package/bundled/ai/standards/resource-cost-boundary.ai.yaml +279 -0
- package/bundled/ai/standards/reverse-engineering-standards.ai.yaml +55 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/security-testing.ai.yaml +13 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/skill-standard-alignment-check.ai.yaml +37 -2
- package/bundled/ai/standards/user-journey-testing.ai.yaml +107 -0
- package/bundled/ai/standards/verification-oracle.ai.yaml +278 -0
- package/bundled/ai/standards/versioning.ai.yaml +32 -38
- package/bundled/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +15 -5
- package/bundled/core/accessibility-standards.md +8 -4
- package/bundled/core/ai-friendly-architecture.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/ai-response-navigation.md +31 -3
- package/bundled/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/api-design-standards.md +92 -7
- package/bundled/core/audit-trail.md +119 -0
- package/bundled/core/behavior-snapshot.md +94 -7
- package/bundled/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +15 -2
- package/bundled/core/checkin-standards.md +9 -2
- package/bundled/core/code-review-checklist.md +10 -2
- package/bundled/core/container-image-standards.md +97 -0
- package/bundled/core/context-aware-loading.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/core/cost-budget-test.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/cross-flow-regression.md +3 -2
- package/bundled/core/data-contract.md +104 -0
- package/bundled/core/data-migration-testing.md +90 -0
- package/bundled/core/data-pipeline.md +113 -0
- package/bundled/core/deprecation-standards.md +16 -2
- package/bundled/core/developer-memory.md +13 -8
- package/bundled/core/documentation-writing-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/error-code-standards.md +4 -3
- package/bundled/core/flaky-test-management.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/flow-based-testing.md +3 -3
- package/bundled/core/forward-derivation-standards.md +33 -5
- package/bundled/core/full-coverage-testing.md +72 -0
- package/bundled/core/git-worktree.md +4 -4
- package/bundled/core/guides/performance-guide.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/guides/security-guide.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/health-check-standards.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/core/iac-design-principles.md +97 -0
- package/bundled/core/incident-response.md +119 -0
- package/bundled/core/license-compliance.md +2 -0
- package/bundled/core/logging-standards.md +78 -2
- package/bundled/core/mock-boundary.md +54 -2
- package/bundled/core/model-provenance.md +181 -0
- package/bundled/core/model-selection.md +27 -2
- package/bundled/core/packaging-standards.md +1 -0
- package/bundled/core/performance-standards.md +96 -2
- package/bundled/core/pii-classification.md +148 -0
- package/bundled/core/pipeline-security-gates.md +22 -2
- package/bundled/core/postmortem-standards.md +2 -0
- package/bundled/core/prd-standards.md +91 -0
- package/bundled/core/privacy-standards.md +14 -3
- package/bundled/core/product-metrics-standards.md +100 -0
- package/bundled/core/project-context-memory.md +8 -2
- package/bundled/core/prompt-regression.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/refactoring-standards.md +44 -3
- package/bundled/core/replay-test.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/resource-cost-boundary.md +180 -0
- package/bundled/core/reverse-engineering-standards.md +66 -2
- package/bundled/core/runbook.md +113 -0
- package/bundled/core/schema-evolution.md +105 -0
- package/bundled/core/secret-management-standards.md +110 -0
- package/bundled/core/security-testing.md +26 -2
- package/bundled/core/self-review-protocol.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/core/skill-standard-alignment-check.md +53 -0
- package/bundled/core/slo-sli.md +109 -0
- package/bundled/core/smoke-test.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/tech-debt-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/core/test-data-standards.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/core/user-journey-testing.md +102 -0
- package/bundled/core/user-story-mapping.md +96 -0
- package/bundled/core/verification-oracle.md +167 -0
- package/bundled/core/versioning.md +133 -109
- package/bundled/locales/COVERAGE.md +84 -73
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/CHANGELOG.md +71 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/CLAUDE.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/README.md +22 -9
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/SECURITY.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/adoption/DAILY-WORKFLOW-GUIDE.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +4 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/accessibility-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/adversarial-test.md +226 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/agent-behavior-discipline.md +187 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/ai-response-navigation.md +32 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/api-design-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/behavior-snapshot.md +335 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +229 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cd-deployment-strategies.md +135 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/chaos-injection-tests.md +130 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/checkin-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/code-review-checklist.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/container-security.md +535 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/context-aware-loading.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/contract-testing-standards.md +191 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cost-budget-test.md +86 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cross-flow-regression.md +199 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/data-migration-testing.md +217 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/deployment-standards.md +328 -9
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/deprecation-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/developer-memory.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/disaster-recovery-drill.md +87 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/documentation-structure.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/documentation-writing-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/error-code-standards.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/feature-manifest-standard.md +222 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/flaky-test-management.md +87 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/flow-based-testing.md +284 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/forward-derivation-standards.md +3 -4
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/full-coverage-testing.md +197 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/git-worktree.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/governance-layer.md +160 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/guides/performance-guide.md +515 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/guides/security-guide.md +494 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/knowledge-graph-memory.md +128 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/license-compliance.md +129 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/llm-output-validation.md +192 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/logging-standards.md +130 -8
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/mock-boundary.md +109 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/model-selection.md +28 -5
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/mutation-testing.md +106 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/no-cicd-deployment.md +219 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/packaging-standards.md +76 -5
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/pipeline-security-gates.md +126 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/policy-as-code-testing.md +203 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/privacy-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/project-context-memory.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/prompt-regression.md +88 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/property-based-testing.md +87 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/release-quality-manifest.md +207 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/release-readiness-gate.md +193 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/replay-test.md +102 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/reverse-engineering-standards.md +46 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/rollback-standards.md +120 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/sast-advanced.md +309 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/secure-op.md +328 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/security-testing.md +96 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/self-review-protocol.md +167 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/server-ops-security.md +507 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/smoke-test.md +79 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/spec-driven-development.md +39 -3
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/supply-chain-attestation.md +131 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/versioning.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/CHEATSHEET.md +31 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/FEATURE-REFERENCE.md +61 -34
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/MIGRATION-v6.md +88 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/USAGE-MODES-COMPARISON.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/USER-MANUAL.md +14 -14
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/specs/system/memory-adoption-strategy.md +105 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/FAQ.md +132 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/GETTING-STARTED.md +144 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/GLOSSARY.md +178 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/README.md +70 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/TROUBLESHOOTING.md +190 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/COPILOT-CHAT-REFERENCE.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/README.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/skills-mapping.md +3 -3
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/opencode/skills-mapping.md +3 -3
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/methodologies/guides/sdd-guide.md +836 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/changelog/auto-generated.md +166 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/changelog/keep-a-changelog.md +140 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/automated-review.md +214 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/pair-programming.md +166 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/pr-review.md +167 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/api-docs.md +191 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/markdown-docs.md +150 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/wiki-style.md +131 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/kotlin.md +144 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/php.md +168 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/ruby.md +156 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/rust.md +136 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/swift.md +165 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/contract-testing.md +237 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/industry-pyramid.md +200 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/istqb-framework.md +144 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/performance-testing.md +251 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/security-testing.md +192 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/README.md +89 -126
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ac-coverage/SKILL.md +5 -7
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/adr-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/code-architect.md +263 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/doc-writer.md +410 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/reviewer.md +357 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/spec-analyst.md +410 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/test-specialist.md +368 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-collaboration-standards/SKILL.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-friendly-architecture/SKILL.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-instruction-standards/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/atdd-assistant/acceptance-criteria-guide.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/atdd-assistant/atdd-workflow.md +3 -4
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/audit-assistant/SKILL.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/bdd-assistant/guide.md +1 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/brainstorm-assistant/SKILL.md +109 -13
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/brainstorm-assistant/guide.md +30 -8
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/checkin-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ci-cd-assistant/SKILL.md +50 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/code-review-assistant/SKILL.md +5 -5
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/ac-coverage.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/atdd.md +3 -3
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/bdd.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/brainstorm.md +26 -17
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/{review.md → code-review.md} +4 -4
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-all.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-atdd.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-bdd.md +2 -3
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-tdd.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/dev-workflow.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/methodology.md +4 -4
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/pr.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/tdd.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commit-standards/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/contract-test-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-methodology/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-methodology/create-methodology.md +456 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-methodology/guide.md +6 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-methodology/runtime.md +296 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-workflow-guide/SKILL.md +5 -5
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/docs-generator/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/e2e-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/incident-response-assistant/SKILL.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/journey-test-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/logging-guide/SKILL.md +146 -142
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/migration-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/observability-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/pr-automation-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/project-discovery/guide.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/reverse-engineer/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/runbook-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/security-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/skill-builder/SKILL.md +3 -3
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/slo-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-derivation/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-derivation/guide.md +8 -9
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-driven-dev/SKILL.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/sweep/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/tdd-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/testing-guide/SKILL.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/testing-guide/testing-theory.md +2298 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/workflows/README.md +451 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/CHANGELOG.md +71 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/CLAUDE.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/MAINTENANCE.md +25 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/README.md +22 -9
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/SECURITY.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/adoption/DAILY-WORKFLOW-GUIDE.md +2 -2
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/ai/standards/versioning.ai.yaml +8 -48
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +4 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/accessibility-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/adversarial-test.md +226 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/agent-behavior-discipline.md +187 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/ai-response-navigation.md +32 -6
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/api-design-standards.md +91 -9
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/audit-trail.md +110 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/behavior-snapshot.md +335 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +1 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/cd-deployment-strategies.md +135 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/chaos-injection-tests.md +130 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/checkin-standards.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/code-review-checklist.md +1 -1
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/container-image-standards.md +93 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/container-security.md +535 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/cost-budget-test.md +86 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/cross-flow-regression.md +1 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/data-contract.md +101 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/data-migration-testing.md +217 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/data-pipeline.md +105 -0
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/deployment-standards.md +363 -25
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/deprecation-standards.md +17 -4
- package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/developer-memory.md +2 -2
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ISTQB(International Software Testing Qualifications Board,國際軟體測試認證委員會)測試框架提供標準化的四層測試模型。它具備正式的結構、明確的文件要求,並在企業環境中廣泛採用。
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| **ISTQB 術語** | System Testing(系統測試) |
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| **定義** | 測試完整整合後的系統,以驗證其是否符合需求 |
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| **目的** | 驗證系統是否滿足功能性與非功能性需求 |
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| **執行者** | QA 團隊 |
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### 4. 驗收測試(Acceptance Testing, AT/UAT)
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| 面向 | 說明 |
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|--------|---------|
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| **ISTQB 術語** | Acceptance Testing(驗收測試) |
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| **縮寫** | AT 或 UAT |
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| **定義** | 進行測試以判定系統是否滿足業務需求 |
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| **目的** | 驗證系統是否符合業務需求 |
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| **執行者** | 終端使用者或業務利害關係人 |
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**子類型:**
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- **使用者驗收測試(User Acceptance Testing, UAT):** 由實際使用者進行驗證
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- **合約驗收測試(Contract Acceptance Testing):** 對照合約條件進行驗證
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- **法規驗收測試(Regulatory Acceptance Testing):** 合規性驗證
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## 測試類型(Test Types)
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### 功能性測試(Functional Testing)
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- 功能測試(Functional testing)
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- 使用者介面測試(User interface testing)
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- 回歸測試(Regression testing)
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### 非功能性測試(Non-Functional Testing)
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- 效能測試(Performance testing)
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- 安全測試(Security testing)
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- 可用性測試(Usability testing)
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- 可靠性測試(Reliability testing)
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## 何時選擇 ISTQB
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**適合選擇的情況:**
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- 需要正式的測試文件
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- 與 QA 認證機構合作
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- 具備合規要求的企業環境
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- 團隊中包含 ISTQB 認證的專業人員
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- 重視稽核軌跡(audit trail)
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**應避免的情況:**
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- 以快速迭代為優先
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- 沒有專責 QA 的小型團隊
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- 純 DevOps/持續交付(Continuous Delivery)導向
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- 在意文件開銷(documentation overhead)
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## 與 Industry Pyramid 的比較
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| ISTQB 層級 | 業界對應 | 主要差異 |
|
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|-------------|---------------------|----------------|
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| Unit Testing | Unit Testing (UT) | 概念相同 |
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| Integration Testing | Integration Testing (IT/SIT) | 概念相同,縮寫慣例不同 |
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| System Testing | 通常與 E2E 合併 | ISTQB 將系統驗證與使用者驗收分開 |
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| Acceptance Testing | E2E 的一部分 | ISTQB 設有專屬層級進行業務驗證 |
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## 規則
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| 規則 | 說明 | 優先級 |
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|------|-------------|----------|
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| 四層結構 | 採用 4 個層級:UT → IT/SIT → ST → AT/UAT,並設有進入/退出條件(entry/exit criteria) | Required |
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| 需求可追溯性 | 每個測試案例應可追溯至某項需求 | Required |
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| 缺陷分類 | 依 ISTQB 準則按嚴重性(severity)與優先級(priority)分類缺陷 | Recommended |
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## 相關選項
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- [Industry Pyramid](./industry-pyramid.md) - Agile 三層測試模型
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- [Unit Testing](./unit-testing.md) - 詳細的單元測試實務
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- [System Testing](./system-testing.md) - 系統測試實務
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---
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## 參考資料
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- [ISTQB Glossary v4.0](https://glossary.istqb.org)
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- [ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus](https://www.istqb.org/certifications/certified-tester-foundation-level)
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---
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## 授權
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本文件以 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 授權發布。
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**來源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
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---
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source: options/testing/performance-testing.md
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source_version: 1.0.0
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translation_version: 1.0.0
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status: current
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---
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# 效能測試(Performance Testing)
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> **語言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/performance-testing.md) | 繁體中文
|
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**上層標準**: [測試完整性](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
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---
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## 概觀
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效能測試驗證應用程式在各種負載條件下是否符合速度、可擴展性與穩定性需求。它有助於找出瓶頸,並確保系統能承受預期的流量。
|
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|
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## 最適用於
|
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- 高流量應用程式
|
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- 即時系統
|
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- 電子商務平台
|
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- API 與微服務
|
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- 資料庫密集型應用程式
|
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+
|
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## 測試類型
|
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28
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+
|
|
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|
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### Load Testing(負載測試)
|
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+
|
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測試系統在預期負載下的行為。
|
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+
|
|
33
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| 面向 | 細節 |
|
|
34
|
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|--------|---------|
|
|
35
|
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| **目的** | 驗證系統能處理正常流量 |
|
|
36
|
+
| **指標** | 回應時間(P50、P95、P99)、Throughput(TPS/RPS)、錯誤率 |
|
|
37
|
+
|
|
38
|
+
**工具:**
|
|
39
|
+
|
|
40
|
+
| 工具 | 類型 | 語言 |
|
|
41
|
+
|------|------|----------|
|
|
42
|
+
| k6 | 開源 | JavaScript |
|
|
43
|
+
| JMeter | 開源 | Java/XML |
|
|
44
|
+
| Gatling | 開源 | Scala |
|
|
45
|
+
| Locust | 開源 | Python |
|
|
46
|
+
|
|
47
|
+
### Stress Testing(壓力測試)
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
測試系統在超出正常負載下的行為。
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
| 面向 | 細節 |
|
|
52
|
+
|--------|---------|
|
|
53
|
+
| **目的** | 找出崩潰點與失效模式 |
|
|
54
|
+
| **指標** | 最大容量、劣化曲線、復原時間 |
|
|
55
|
+
|
|
56
|
+
**做法:**
|
|
57
|
+
- 逐步增加負載
|
|
58
|
+
- 監控錯誤與效能下降
|
|
59
|
+
- 找出瓶頸
|
|
60
|
+
- 記錄失效門檻
|
|
61
|
+
|
|
62
|
+
### Spike Testing(尖峰測試)
|
|
63
|
+
|
|
64
|
+
測試流量突然增加的情況。
|
|
65
|
+
|
|
66
|
+
| 面向 | 細節 |
|
|
67
|
+
|--------|---------|
|
|
68
|
+
| **目的** | 驗證對流量尖峰的處理能力 |
|
|
69
|
+
| **情境** | 限時搶購、爆紅內容、行銷活動、特定時段事件 |
|
|
70
|
+
|
|
71
|
+
### Soak Testing(耐久測試 / Endurance Testing)
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
測試系統在長時間運作下的穩定性。
|
|
74
|
+
|
|
75
|
+
| 面向 | 細節 |
|
|
76
|
+
|--------|---------|
|
|
77
|
+
| **目的** | 找出 memory leak 與效能劣化 |
|
|
78
|
+
| **持續時間** | 數小時到數天 |
|
|
79
|
+
|
|
80
|
+
**需留意:**
|
|
81
|
+
- Memory leak
|
|
82
|
+
- Connection pool 耗盡
|
|
83
|
+
- 日誌檔成長
|
|
84
|
+
- 效能逐漸劣化
|
|
85
|
+
|
|
86
|
+
### Capacity Testing(容量測試)
|
|
87
|
+
|
|
88
|
+
判定系統的最大容量。
|
|
89
|
+
|
|
90
|
+
| 面向 | 細節 |
|
|
91
|
+
|--------|---------|
|
|
92
|
+
| **目的** | 規劃擴展與基礎設施 |
|
|
93
|
+
| **產出** | 使用者容量上限、資源需求、擴展門檻 |
|
|
94
|
+
|
|
95
|
+
## 關鍵指標
|
|
96
|
+
|
|
97
|
+
### Latency(延遲)
|
|
98
|
+
|
|
99
|
+
| 百分位數 | 描述 | 目標 |
|
|
100
|
+
|------------|-------------|--------|
|
|
101
|
+
| P50 | 中位數回應時間 | 基準值 |
|
|
102
|
+
| P95 | 第 95 百分位數 | 基準值的 2–3 倍 |
|
|
103
|
+
| P99 | 第 99 百分位數 | 最多基準值的 5 倍 |
|
|
104
|
+
|
|
105
|
+
**注意:** 對使用者體驗而言,P99 往往比平均值更重要。
|
|
106
|
+
|
|
107
|
+
### Throughput(吞吐量)
|
|
108
|
+
|
|
109
|
+
| 量測 | 描述 |
|
|
110
|
+
|-------------|-------------|
|
|
111
|
+
| TPS | 每秒交易數(Transactions Per Second) |
|
|
112
|
+
| RPS | 每秒請求數(Requests Per Second) |
|
|
113
|
+
| QPS | 每秒查詢數(Queries Per Second) |
|
|
114
|
+
|
|
115
|
+
### 錯誤率
|
|
116
|
+
|
|
117
|
+
| 等級 | 目標 |
|
|
118
|
+
|-------|--------|
|
|
119
|
+
| 可接受 | < 0.1% |
|
|
120
|
+
| 劣化 | < 1% |
|
|
121
|
+
| 危急 | > 1% |
|
|
122
|
+
|
|
123
|
+
### 資源使用率
|
|
124
|
+
|
|
125
|
+
- CPU 使用率
|
|
126
|
+
- 記憶體使用率
|
|
127
|
+
- 網路 I/O
|
|
128
|
+
- 磁碟 I/O
|
|
129
|
+
- Connection pool 使用率
|
|
130
|
+
|
|
131
|
+
## Service Level Objectives(服務等級目標)
|
|
132
|
+
|
|
133
|
+
定義可量測的效能目標:
|
|
134
|
+
|
|
135
|
+
```yaml
|
|
136
|
+
latency_slo: "P99 latency < 200ms"
|
|
137
|
+
availability_slo: "99.9% uptime"
|
|
138
|
+
throughput_slo: "1000 RPS sustained"
|
|
139
|
+
error_slo: "Error rate < 0.1%"
|
|
140
|
+
```
|
|
141
|
+
|
|
142
|
+
**注意:** SLO 應以使用者需求為基礎,而非系統能力。
|
|
143
|
+
|
|
144
|
+
## 測試階段
|
|
145
|
+
|
|
146
|
+
| 階段 | 描述 | 持續時間 |
|
|
147
|
+
|-------|-------------|----------|
|
|
148
|
+
| **1. 基準(Baseline)** | 在最小負載下建立目前的效能基準 | 1–2 天 |
|
|
149
|
+
| **2. 負載(Load)** | 模擬預期流量,驗證是否符合 SLO | 2–3 天 |
|
|
150
|
+
| **3. 壓力(Stress)** | 增加負載直到失效,記錄崩潰點 | 1–2 天 |
|
|
151
|
+
| **4. 耐久(Soak)** | 執行 24–72 小時,監控效能劣化 | 1–3 天 |
|
|
152
|
+
|
|
153
|
+
## CI 整合
|
|
154
|
+
|
|
155
|
+
### k6 範例
|
|
156
|
+
|
|
157
|
+
```javascript
|
|
158
|
+
import http from 'k6/http';
|
|
159
|
+
import { check, sleep } from 'k6';
|
|
160
|
+
|
|
161
|
+
export const options = {
|
|
162
|
+
stages: [
|
|
163
|
+
{ duration: '30s', target: 10 },
|
|
164
|
+
{ duration: '1m', target: 10 },
|
|
165
|
+
{ duration: '30s', target: 0 },
|
|
166
|
+
],
|
|
167
|
+
thresholds: {
|
|
168
|
+
http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'],
|
|
169
|
+
http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
|
|
170
|
+
},
|
|
171
|
+
};
|
|
172
|
+
|
|
173
|
+
export default function () {
|
|
174
|
+
const res = http.get('https://api.example.com/health');
|
|
175
|
+
check(res, { 'status 200': (r) => r.status === 200 });
|
|
176
|
+
sleep(1);
|
|
177
|
+
}
|
|
178
|
+
```
|
|
179
|
+
|
|
180
|
+
### GitHub Actions
|
|
181
|
+
|
|
182
|
+
```yaml
|
|
183
|
+
name: Performance Test
|
|
184
|
+
on:
|
|
185
|
+
pull_request:
|
|
186
|
+
branches: [main]
|
|
187
|
+
jobs:
|
|
188
|
+
k6:
|
|
189
|
+
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
|
190
|
+
steps:
|
|
191
|
+
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
|
192
|
+
- name: Run k6 test
|
|
193
|
+
uses: grafana/k6-action@v0.3.1
|
|
194
|
+
with:
|
|
195
|
+
filename: tests/performance/load-test.js
|
|
196
|
+
```
|
|
197
|
+
|
|
198
|
+
## 規則
|
|
199
|
+
|
|
200
|
+
| 規則 | 描述 | 優先級 |
|
|
201
|
+
|------|-------------|----------|
|
|
202
|
+
| 先建立基準 | 在最佳化前先建立基準指標 | 必要 |
|
|
203
|
+
| 真實資料 | 使用接近正式環境的資料量與模式 | 必要 |
|
|
204
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| 隔離環境 | 使用隔離環境以避免干擾 | 必要 |
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| 漸進負載 | 逐步增加負載以找出門檻 | 建議 |
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| 監控資源 | 監控所有系統資源(CPU、記憶體、I/O) | 必要 |
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| 聚焦百分位數 | 聚焦於 P95/P99 latency,而非平均值 | 必要 |
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| 回歸測試 | 在 CI/CD 中納入效能回歸測試 | 建議 |
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## 快速參考
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### 測試類型
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| 類型 | 目的 | 持續時間 | 時機 |
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|------|---------|----------|------|
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| Load | 正常流量 | 數分鐘 | 每次發版 |
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| Stress | 崩潰點 | 數小時 | 重大發版 |
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| Spike | 突然增加 | 數分鐘 | 視情況需要 |
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| Soak | 長期穩定性 | 數天 | 每季 |
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| Capacity | 最大容量 | 數小時 | 規劃時 |
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### 關鍵指標
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| 指標 | 量測內容 | 目標 |
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|--------|-----------------|--------|
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| P50 Latency | 中位數回應 | 基準值 |
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| P95 Latency | 典型最差情況 | 基準值的 2–3 倍 |
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| P99 Latency | 極端情況 | 最多基準值的 5 倍 |
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| Throughput | 每秒請求數 | 依 SLO 定義 |
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| 錯誤率 | 失敗的請求 | < 0.1% |
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## 相關選項
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- [單元測試](./unit-testing.md) - 單元測試實務
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- [安全測試](./security-testing.md) - 安全測試實務
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---
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## 參考資料
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- [ISTQB Performance Testing](https://www.istqb.org/)
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- [Google SRE Book](https://sre.google/sre-book/table-of-contents/)
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- [k6 Documentation](https://k6.io/docs/)
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---
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## 授權
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本文件以 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 授權釋出。
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**來源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
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---
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source: options/testing/security-testing.md
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source_version: 1.0.0
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translation_version: 1.0.0
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status: current
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---
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# 安全測試(Security Testing)
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> **語言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/security-testing.md) | 繁體中文
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**上層標準**: [測試完整性(Testing Completeness)](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
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---
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## 概觀
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安全測試(security testing)在弱點被利用之前,先找出應用程式中的漏洞。它涵蓋靜態分析(static analysis)、動態測試(dynamic testing)、相依套件掃描(dependency scanning)與滲透測試(penetration testing),以確保全面的安全覆蓋。
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## 最適用於
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- 處理敏感資料的應用程式
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- 金融服務
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- 醫療照護應用程式
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- 電子商務平台
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- 任何對外公開的應用程式
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## 測試類型
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### 靜態應用程式安全測試(SAST)
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不執行程式的情況下分析原始碼。
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| 面向 | 細節 |
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|--------|---------|
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| **何時使用** | 開發早期、CI/CD pipeline |
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**工具:**
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| 工具 | 語言 |
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|------|-----------|
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| SonarQube | 多語言 |
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| Semgrep | 多語言 |
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| CodeQL | 多語言 |
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| Bandit | Python |
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| Brakeman | Ruby |
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| ESLint security plugins | JavaScript/TypeScript |
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### 動態應用程式安全測試(DAST)
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針對運行中的應用程式測試漏洞。
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| 面向 | 細節 |
|
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|--------|---------|
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| **何時使用** | Staging 環境、預備上線(pre-production) |
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|
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**工具:**
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|
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| 工具 | 類型 |
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|------|------|
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| OWASP ZAP | 開源 |
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| Burp Suite | 商業 |
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| Nuclei | 開源 |
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| Nikto | 開源 |
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### 軟體組成分析(SCA)
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檢查相依套件是否存在已知漏洞。
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| 面向 | 細節 |
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|--------|---------|
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| **何時使用** | 每次建置、持續監控 |
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**工具:**
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| 工具 | 類型 |
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|------|------|
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| Snyk | SaaS/CLI |
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| Dependabot | GitHub 整合 |
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| npm audit | CLI |
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| OWASP Dependency-Check | 開源 |
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### 滲透測試(Penetration Testing)
|
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由安全專業人員執行的模擬攻擊。
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| 面向 | 細節 |
|
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87
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|--------|---------|
|
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| **何時使用** | 重大發布前、每年一次 |
|
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|
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**類型:**
|
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- **黑箱(Black box):** 無事先資訊
|
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- **白箱(White box):** 完整存取權限
|
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- **灰箱(Grey box):** 部分資訊
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|
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### 機密掃描(Secret Scanning)
|
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|
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偵測外洩的憑證與機密資訊。
|
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|
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**工具:**
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|
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| 工具 | 類型 |
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|------|------|
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| GitLeaks | 開源 |
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| TruffleHog | 開源 |
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| GitHub Secret Scanning | GitHub 整合 |
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|
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## OWASP Top 10(2021)
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| ID | 風險 | 測試重點 |
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|----|------|------------|
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| A01 | 失效的存取控制(Broken Access Control) | 授權檢查、權限提升 |
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| A02 | 加密失效(Cryptographic Failures) | 加密、金鑰管理、資料外洩 |
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| A03 | 注入(Injection) | SQL、NoSQL、OS、LDAP injection |
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| A04 | 不安全的設計(Insecure Design) | 安全需求、威脅建模(threat modeling) |
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| A05 | 安全設定錯誤(Security Misconfiguration) | 預設設定、不必要的功能 |
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| A06 | 易受攻擊的元件(Vulnerable Components) | 過時的相依套件、已知 CVE |
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| A07 | 身分驗證失效(Authentication Failures) | Session 管理、憑證填充(credential stuffing) |
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| A08 | 軟體與資料完整性失效(Software and Data Integrity Failures) | CI/CD pipeline 安全、序列化(serialization) |
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| A09 | 安全日誌與監控失效(Security Logging and Monitoring Failures) | 稽核日誌、警示 |
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| A10 | 伺服器端請求偽造(Server-Side Request Forgery) | URL 驗證、網路分段(network segmentation) |
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## CI 整合
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### GitHub Actions 範例
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```yaml
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name: Security Scan
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on: [push, pull_request]
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jobs:
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sast:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Run Semgrep
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uses: semgrep/semgrep-action@v1
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dependency-scan:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Run Snyk
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uses: snyk/actions/node@master
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secret-scan:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Run Gitleaks
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uses: gitleaks/gitleaks-action@v2
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```
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## 規則
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|
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| 規則 | 描述 | 優先級 |
|
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155
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|------|-------------|----------|
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| CI 中的 SAST | 在每條建置 pipeline 中納入 SAST | 必要 |
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| 相依套件掃描 | 掃描所有相依套件的漏洞 | 必要 |
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| 機密掃描 | 在 push 之前掃描外洩的機密資訊 | 必要 |
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| DAST staging | 針對 staging 環境執行 DAST | 建議 |
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| 年度滲透測試 | 至少每年進行一次滲透測試 | 建議 |
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| OWASP 檢查清單 | 在測試計畫中涵蓋所有 OWASP Top 10 風險 | 必要 |
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## 快速參考
|
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164
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|
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| 類型 | 縮寫 | 何時 | 工具 |
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|------|--------------|------|-------|
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| 靜態分析 | SAST | CI/CD | SonarQube, Semgrep |
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| 動態分析 | DAST | Staging | OWASP ZAP, Burp |
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| 相依套件掃描 | SCA | 每次建置 | Snyk, Dependabot |
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| 滲透測試 | Pentest | 每年 | 手動/專業人員 |
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| 機密掃描 | - | Pre-commit | GitLeaks, TruffleHog |
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|
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173
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## 相關選項
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174
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|
|
175
|
+
- [效能測試(Performance Testing)](./performance-testing.md) - 效能測試實踐
|
|
176
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+
- [單元測試(Unit Testing)](./unit-testing.md) - 單元測試實踐
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---
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## 參考資料
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- [OWASP Testing Guide](https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/)
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- [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
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- [NIST SP 800-115](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-115/final)
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---
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## 授權
|
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本文件依 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 授權釋出。
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**來源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
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