universal-dev-standards 5.17.0 → 6.0.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (539) hide show
  1. package/bin/uds.js +13 -135
  2. package/bundled/ai/standards/acceptance-criteria-traceability.ai.yaml +13 -4
  3. package/bundled/ai/standards/accessibility-standards.ai.yaml +1 -1
  4. package/bundled/ai/standards/ai-response-navigation.ai.yaml +15 -2
  5. package/bundled/ai/standards/api-design-standards.ai.yaml +27 -4
  6. package/bundled/ai/standards/behavior-snapshot.ai.yaml +86 -9
  7. package/bundled/ai/standards/checkin-standards.ai.yaml +2 -2
  8. package/bundled/ai/standards/code-review.ai.yaml +2 -2
  9. package/bundled/ai/standards/context-aware-loading.ai.yaml +3 -3
  10. package/bundled/ai/standards/data-migration-testing.ai.yaml +79 -3
  11. package/bundled/ai/standards/deprecation-standards.ai.yaml +10 -2
  12. package/bundled/ai/standards/developer-memory.ai.yaml +4 -3
  13. package/bundled/ai/standards/flow-based-testing.ai.yaml +2 -2
  14. package/bundled/ai/standards/forward-derivation-standards.ai.yaml +26 -2
  15. package/bundled/ai/standards/full-coverage-testing.ai.yaml +34 -2
  16. package/bundled/ai/standards/git-worktree.ai.yaml +3 -3
  17. package/bundled/ai/standards/logging.ai.yaml +97 -3
  18. package/bundled/ai/standards/mock-boundary.ai.yaml +48 -2
  19. package/bundled/ai/standards/model-provenance.ai.yaml +297 -0
  20. package/bundled/ai/standards/model-selection.ai.yaml +11 -2
  21. package/bundled/ai/standards/observability-standards.ai.yaml +10 -0
  22. package/bundled/ai/standards/performance-standards.ai.yaml +46 -1
  23. package/bundled/ai/standards/pii-classification.ai.yaml +15 -1
  24. package/bundled/ai/standards/pipeline-security-gates.ai.yaml +10 -0
  25. package/bundled/ai/standards/privacy-standards.ai.yaml +2 -2
  26. package/bundled/ai/standards/project-context-memory.ai.yaml +2 -2
  27. package/bundled/ai/standards/refactoring-standards.ai.yaml +68 -3
  28. package/bundled/ai/standards/resource-cost-boundary.ai.yaml +279 -0
  29. package/bundled/ai/standards/reverse-engineering-standards.ai.yaml +55 -2
  30. package/bundled/ai/standards/security-testing.ai.yaml +13 -2
  31. package/bundled/ai/standards/skill-standard-alignment-check.ai.yaml +37 -2
  32. package/bundled/ai/standards/user-journey-testing.ai.yaml +107 -0
  33. package/bundled/ai/standards/verification-oracle.ai.yaml +278 -0
  34. package/bundled/ai/standards/versioning.ai.yaml +32 -38
  35. package/bundled/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +15 -5
  36. package/bundled/core/accessibility-standards.md +8 -4
  37. package/bundled/core/ai-friendly-architecture.md +1 -1
  38. package/bundled/core/ai-response-navigation.md +31 -3
  39. package/bundled/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
  40. package/bundled/core/api-design-standards.md +92 -7
  41. package/bundled/core/audit-trail.md +119 -0
  42. package/bundled/core/behavior-snapshot.md +94 -7
  43. package/bundled/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +15 -2
  44. package/bundled/core/checkin-standards.md +9 -2
  45. package/bundled/core/code-review-checklist.md +10 -2
  46. package/bundled/core/container-image-standards.md +97 -0
  47. package/bundled/core/context-aware-loading.md +2 -2
  48. package/bundled/core/cost-budget-test.md +1 -1
  49. package/bundled/core/cross-flow-regression.md +3 -2
  50. package/bundled/core/data-contract.md +104 -0
  51. package/bundled/core/data-migration-testing.md +90 -0
  52. package/bundled/core/data-pipeline.md +113 -0
  53. package/bundled/core/deprecation-standards.md +16 -2
  54. package/bundled/core/developer-memory.md +13 -8
  55. package/bundled/core/documentation-writing-standards.md +1 -1
  56. package/bundled/core/error-code-standards.md +4 -3
  57. package/bundled/core/flaky-test-management.md +1 -1
  58. package/bundled/core/flow-based-testing.md +3 -3
  59. package/bundled/core/forward-derivation-standards.md +33 -5
  60. package/bundled/core/full-coverage-testing.md +72 -0
  61. package/bundled/core/git-worktree.md +4 -4
  62. package/bundled/core/guides/performance-guide.md +1 -1
  63. package/bundled/core/guides/security-guide.md +1 -1
  64. package/bundled/core/health-check-standards.md +2 -2
  65. package/bundled/core/iac-design-principles.md +97 -0
  66. package/bundled/core/incident-response.md +119 -0
  67. package/bundled/core/license-compliance.md +2 -0
  68. package/bundled/core/logging-standards.md +78 -2
  69. package/bundled/core/mock-boundary.md +54 -2
  70. package/bundled/core/model-provenance.md +181 -0
  71. package/bundled/core/model-selection.md +27 -2
  72. package/bundled/core/packaging-standards.md +1 -0
  73. package/bundled/core/performance-standards.md +96 -2
  74. package/bundled/core/pii-classification.md +148 -0
  75. package/bundled/core/pipeline-security-gates.md +22 -2
  76. package/bundled/core/postmortem-standards.md +2 -0
  77. package/bundled/core/prd-standards.md +91 -0
  78. package/bundled/core/privacy-standards.md +14 -3
  79. package/bundled/core/product-metrics-standards.md +100 -0
  80. package/bundled/core/project-context-memory.md +8 -2
  81. package/bundled/core/prompt-regression.md +1 -1
  82. package/bundled/core/refactoring-standards.md +44 -3
  83. package/bundled/core/replay-test.md +1 -1
  84. package/bundled/core/resource-cost-boundary.md +180 -0
  85. package/bundled/core/reverse-engineering-standards.md +66 -2
  86. package/bundled/core/runbook.md +113 -0
  87. package/bundled/core/schema-evolution.md +105 -0
  88. package/bundled/core/secret-management-standards.md +110 -0
  89. package/bundled/core/security-testing.md +26 -2
  90. package/bundled/core/self-review-protocol.md +2 -2
  91. package/bundled/core/skill-standard-alignment-check.md +53 -0
  92. package/bundled/core/slo-sli.md +109 -0
  93. package/bundled/core/smoke-test.md +1 -1
  94. package/bundled/core/tech-debt-standards.md +1 -1
  95. package/bundled/core/test-data-standards.md +2 -2
  96. package/bundled/core/user-journey-testing.md +102 -0
  97. package/bundled/core/user-story-mapping.md +96 -0
  98. package/bundled/core/verification-oracle.md +167 -0
  99. package/bundled/core/versioning.md +133 -109
  100. package/bundled/locales/COVERAGE.md +84 -73
  101. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/CHANGELOG.md +71 -6
  102. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/CLAUDE.md +1 -1
  103. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/README.md +22 -9
  104. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/SECURITY.md +1 -1
  105. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/adoption/DAILY-WORKFLOW-GUIDE.md +2 -2
  106. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +4 -6
  107. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/accessibility-standards.md +1 -1
  108. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/adversarial-test.md +226 -0
  109. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/agent-behavior-discipline.md +187 -0
  110. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/ai-response-navigation.md +32 -6
  111. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
  112. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/api-design-standards.md +1 -1
  113. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/behavior-snapshot.md +335 -0
  114. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +229 -0
  115. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cd-deployment-strategies.md +135 -0
  116. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/chaos-injection-tests.md +130 -0
  117. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/checkin-standards.md +1 -1
  118. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/code-review-checklist.md +1 -1
  119. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/container-security.md +535 -0
  120. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/context-aware-loading.md +1 -1
  121. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/contract-testing-standards.md +191 -0
  122. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cost-budget-test.md +86 -0
  123. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cross-flow-regression.md +199 -0
  124. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/data-migration-testing.md +217 -0
  125. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/deployment-standards.md +328 -9
  126. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/deprecation-standards.md +1 -1
  127. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/developer-memory.md +2 -2
  128. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/disaster-recovery-drill.md +87 -0
  129. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/documentation-structure.md +1 -1
  130. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/documentation-writing-standards.md +1 -1
  131. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/error-code-standards.md +2 -2
  132. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/feature-manifest-standard.md +222 -0
  133. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/flaky-test-management.md +87 -0
  134. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/flow-based-testing.md +284 -0
  135. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/forward-derivation-standards.md +3 -4
  136. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/full-coverage-testing.md +197 -0
  137. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/git-worktree.md +1 -1
  138. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/governance-layer.md +160 -0
  139. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/guides/performance-guide.md +515 -0
  140. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/guides/security-guide.md +494 -0
  141. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/knowledge-graph-memory.md +128 -0
  142. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/license-compliance.md +129 -0
  143. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/llm-output-validation.md +192 -0
  144. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/logging-standards.md +130 -8
  145. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/mock-boundary.md +109 -0
  146. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/model-selection.md +28 -5
  147. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/mutation-testing.md +106 -0
  148. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/no-cicd-deployment.md +219 -0
  149. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/packaging-standards.md +76 -5
  150. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/pipeline-security-gates.md +126 -0
  151. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/policy-as-code-testing.md +203 -0
  152. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/privacy-standards.md +1 -1
  153. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/project-context-memory.md +1 -1
  154. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/prompt-regression.md +88 -0
  155. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/property-based-testing.md +87 -0
  156. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/release-quality-manifest.md +207 -0
  157. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/release-readiness-gate.md +193 -0
  158. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/replay-test.md +102 -0
  159. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/reverse-engineering-standards.md +46 -1
  160. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/rollback-standards.md +120 -0
  161. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/sast-advanced.md +309 -0
  162. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/secure-op.md +328 -0
  163. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/security-testing.md +96 -0
  164. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/self-review-protocol.md +167 -0
  165. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/server-ops-security.md +507 -0
  166. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/smoke-test.md +79 -0
  167. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/spec-driven-development.md +39 -3
  168. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/supply-chain-attestation.md +131 -0
  169. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/versioning.md +1 -1
  170. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/CHEATSHEET.md +31 -6
  171. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/FEATURE-REFERENCE.md +61 -34
  172. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/MIGRATION-v6.md +88 -0
  173. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/USAGE-MODES-COMPARISON.md +2 -2
  174. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/USER-MANUAL.md +14 -14
  175. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/specs/system/memory-adoption-strategy.md +105 -0
  176. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/FAQ.md +132 -0
  177. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/GETTING-STARTED.md +144 -0
  178. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/GLOSSARY.md +178 -0
  179. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/README.md +70 -0
  180. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/TROUBLESHOOTING.md +190 -0
  181. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/COPILOT-CHAT-REFERENCE.md +1 -1
  182. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/README.md +1 -1
  183. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/skills-mapping.md +3 -3
  184. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/opencode/skills-mapping.md +3 -3
  185. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/methodologies/guides/sdd-guide.md +836 -0
  186. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/changelog/auto-generated.md +166 -0
  187. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/changelog/keep-a-changelog.md +140 -0
  188. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/automated-review.md +214 -0
  189. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/pair-programming.md +166 -0
  190. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/pr-review.md +167 -0
  191. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/api-docs.md +191 -0
  192. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/markdown-docs.md +150 -0
  193. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/wiki-style.md +131 -0
  194. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/kotlin.md +144 -0
  195. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/php.md +168 -0
  196. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/ruby.md +156 -0
  197. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/rust.md +136 -0
  198. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/swift.md +165 -0
  199. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/contract-testing.md +237 -0
  200. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/industry-pyramid.md +200 -0
  201. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/istqb-framework.md +144 -0
  202. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/performance-testing.md +251 -0
  203. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/security-testing.md +192 -0
  204. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/README.md +89 -126
  205. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ac-coverage/SKILL.md +5 -7
  206. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/adr-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  207. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/code-architect.md +263 -0
  208. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/doc-writer.md +410 -0
  209. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/reviewer.md +357 -0
  210. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/spec-analyst.md +410 -0
  211. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/test-specialist.md +368 -0
  212. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-collaboration-standards/SKILL.md +2 -2
  213. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-friendly-architecture/SKILL.md +2 -2
  214. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-instruction-standards/SKILL.md +1 -1
  215. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/atdd-assistant/acceptance-criteria-guide.md +1 -1
  216. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/atdd-assistant/atdd-workflow.md +3 -4
  217. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/audit-assistant/SKILL.md +2 -2
  218. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/bdd-assistant/guide.md +1 -2
  219. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/brainstorm-assistant/SKILL.md +109 -13
  220. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/brainstorm-assistant/guide.md +30 -8
  221. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/checkin-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  222. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ci-cd-assistant/SKILL.md +50 -0
  223. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/code-review-assistant/SKILL.md +5 -5
  224. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/ac-coverage.md +1 -1
  225. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/atdd.md +3 -3
  226. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/bdd.md +2 -2
  227. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/brainstorm.md +26 -17
  228. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/{review.md → code-review.md} +4 -4
  229. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-all.md +1 -1
  230. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-atdd.md +1 -1
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  236. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/pr.md +1 -1
  237. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/tdd.md +1 -1
  238. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commit-standards/SKILL.md +1 -1
  239. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/contract-test-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  240. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-methodology/SKILL.md +1 -1
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  245. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/docs-generator/SKILL.md +1 -1
  246. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/e2e-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  247. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/incident-response-assistant/SKILL.md +2 -2
  248. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/journey-test-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  249. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/logging-guide/SKILL.md +146 -142
  250. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/migration-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  251. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/observability-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
  252. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/pr-automation-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  253. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/project-discovery/guide.md +2 -2
  254. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/reverse-engineer/SKILL.md +1 -1
  255. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/runbook-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
  256. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/security-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  257. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/skill-builder/SKILL.md +3 -3
  258. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/slo-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
  259. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-derivation/SKILL.md +1 -1
  260. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-derivation/guide.md +8 -9
  261. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-driven-dev/SKILL.md +2 -2
  262. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/sweep/SKILL.md +1 -1
  263. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/tdd-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  264. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/testing-guide/SKILL.md +2 -2
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  266. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/workflows/README.md +451 -0
  267. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/CHANGELOG.md +71 -6
  268. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/CLAUDE.md +1 -1
  269. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/MAINTENANCE.md +25 -2
  270. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/README.md +22 -9
  271. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/SECURITY.md +1 -1
  272. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/adoption/DAILY-WORKFLOW-GUIDE.md +2 -2
  273. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/ai/standards/versioning.ai.yaml +8 -48
  274. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +4 -6
  275. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/accessibility-standards.md +1 -1
  276. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/adversarial-test.md +226 -0
  277. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/agent-behavior-discipline.md +187 -0
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+ ---
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+ source: options/testing/istqb-framework.md
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+ source_version: 1.0.0
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+ translation_version: 1.0.0
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+ status: current
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+ ---
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+
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+ # ISTQB 测试框架
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+
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+ > **语言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/istqb-framework.md) | 简体中文
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+
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+ **上层标准**: [Testing Completeness](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 概览
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+
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+ ISTQB(International Software Testing Qualifications Board,国际软件测试认证委员会)测试框架提供标准化的四层测试模型。它具备正式的结构、明确的文档要求,并在企业环境中广泛采用。
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+
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+ ## 最适用场景
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+
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+ - 需要正式 QA 流程的企业项目
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+ - 需要认证或合规的项目
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+ - 设有专职 QA 团队的组织
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+ - 瀑布式或混合式开发方法论
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+ - 具备严格审计要求的项目
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+
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+ ## 测试级别(Testing Levels)
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+
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+ ### 1. 单元测试(Unit Testing, UT)
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+
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+ | 方面 | 说明 |
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+ |--------|---------|
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+ | **ISTQB 术语** | Component Testing(组件测试) |
35
+ | **定义** | 隔离地测试单个软件组件 |
36
+ | **目的** | 验证代码单元是否正确运行 |
37
+ | **执行者** | 开发人员 |
38
+
39
+ ### 2. 集成测试(Integration Testing, IT/SIT)
40
+
41
+ | 方面 | 说明 |
42
+ |--------|---------|
43
+ | **ISTQB 术语** | Integration Testing(集成测试) |
44
+ | **缩写** | IT 或 SIT |
45
+ | **定义** | 测试已集成组件之间的接口与交互 |
46
+ | **目的** | 验证组件之间的交互 |
47
+ | **执行者** | 开发人员或 QA |
48
+
49
+ **注意:**
50
+ - IT(Integration Testing,集成测试):常见于 Agile/DevOps 环境
51
+ - SIT(System Integration Testing,系统集成测试):常见于 Enterprise/ISTQB 场景
52
+ - 两个术语指的是同一个测试级别
53
+
54
+ ### 3. 系统测试(System Testing, ST)
55
+
56
+ | 方面 | 说明 |
57
+ |--------|---------|
58
+ | **ISTQB 术语** | System Testing(系统测试) |
59
+ | **定义** | 测试完整集成后的系统,以验证其是否满足需求 |
60
+ | **目的** | 验证系统是否满足功能性与非功能性需求 |
61
+ | **执行者** | QA 团队 |
62
+
63
+ ### 4. 验收测试(Acceptance Testing, AT/UAT)
64
+
65
+ | 方面 | 说明 |
66
+ |--------|---------|
67
+ | **ISTQB 术语** | Acceptance Testing(验收测试) |
68
+ | **缩写** | AT 或 UAT |
69
+ | **定义** | 进行测试以判定系统是否满足业务需求 |
70
+ | **目的** | 验证系统是否符合业务需求 |
71
+ | **执行者** | 终端用户或业务利益相关方 |
72
+
73
+ **子类型:**
74
+ - **用户验收测试(User Acceptance Testing, UAT):** 由实际用户进行验证
75
+ - **合同验收测试(Contract Acceptance Testing):** 对照合同条件进行验证
76
+ - **法规验收测试(Regulatory Acceptance Testing):** 合规性验证
77
+
78
+ ## 测试类型(Test Types)
79
+
80
+ ### 功能性测试(Functional Testing)
81
+
82
+ - 功能测试(Functional testing)
83
+ - 用户界面测试(User interface testing)
84
+ - 回归测试(Regression testing)
85
+
86
+ ### 非功能性测试(Non-Functional Testing)
87
+
88
+ - 性能测试(Performance testing)
89
+ - 安全测试(Security testing)
90
+ - 可用性测试(Usability testing)
91
+ - 可靠性测试(Reliability testing)
92
+
93
+ ## 何时选择 ISTQB
94
+
95
+ **适合选择的情况:**
96
+ - 需要正式的测试文档
97
+ - 与 QA 认证机构合作
98
+ - 具备合规要求的企业环境
99
+ - 团队中包含 ISTQB 认证的专业人员
100
+ - 重视审计轨迹(audit trail)
101
+
102
+ **应避免的情况:**
103
+ - 以快速迭代为优先
104
+ - 没有专职 QA 的小型团队
105
+ - 纯 DevOps/持续交付(Continuous Delivery)导向
106
+ - 在意文档开销(documentation overhead)
107
+
108
+ ## 与 Industry Pyramid 的比较
109
+
110
+ | ISTQB 级别 | 业界对应 | 主要差异 |
111
+ |-------------|---------------------|----------------|
112
+ | Unit Testing | Unit Testing (UT) | 概念相同 |
113
+ | Integration Testing | Integration Testing (IT/SIT) | 概念相同,缩写惯例不同 |
114
+ | System Testing | 通常与 E2E 合并 | ISTQB 将系统验证与用户验收分开 |
115
+ | Acceptance Testing | E2E 的一部分 | ISTQB 设有专属级别进行业务验证 |
116
+
117
+ ## 规则
118
+
119
+ | 规则 | 说明 | 优先级 |
120
+ |------|-------------|----------|
121
+ | 四层结构 | 采用 4 个级别:UT → IT/SIT → ST → AT/UAT,并设有进入/退出条件(entry/exit criteria) | Required |
122
+ | 需求可追溯性 | 每个测试用例应可追溯至某项需求 | Required |
123
+ | 缺陷分类 | 依 ISTQB 准则按严重性(severity)与优先级(priority)分类缺陷 | Recommended |
124
+
125
+ ## 相关选项
126
+
127
+ - [Industry Pyramid](./industry-pyramid.md) - Agile 三层测试模型
128
+ - [Unit Testing](./unit-testing.md) - 详细的单元测试实践
129
+ - [System Testing](./system-testing.md) - 系统测试实践
130
+
131
+ ---
132
+
133
+ ## 参考资料
134
+
135
+ - [ISTQB Glossary v4.0](https://glossary.istqb.org)
136
+ - [ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus](https://www.istqb.org/certifications/certified-tester-foundation-level)
137
+
138
+ ---
139
+
140
+ ## 许可证
141
+
142
+ 本文档以 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 许可发布。
143
+
144
+ **来源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
1
+ ---
2
+ source: options/testing/performance-testing.md
3
+ source_version: 1.0.0
4
+ translation_version: 1.0.0
5
+ status: current
6
+ ---
7
+ # 性能测试(Performance Testing)
8
+
9
+ > **语言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/performance-testing.md) | 简体中文
10
+
11
+ **上层标准**: [测试完整性](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
12
+
13
+ ---
14
+
15
+ ## 概览
16
+
17
+ 性能测试验证应用程序在各种负载条件下是否满足速度、可扩展性与稳定性需求。它有助于找出瓶颈,并确保系统能够承受预期的流量。
18
+
19
+ ## 最适用于
20
+
21
+ - 高流量应用程序
22
+ - 实时系统
23
+ - 电子商务平台
24
+ - API 与微服务
25
+ - 数据库密集型应用程序
26
+
27
+ ## 测试类型
28
+
29
+ ### Load Testing(负载测试)
30
+
31
+ 测试系统在预期负载下的行为。
32
+
33
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
34
+ |--------|---------|
35
+ | **目的** | 验证系统能处理正常流量 |
36
+ | **指标** | 响应时间(P50、P95、P99)、Throughput(TPS/RPS)、错误率 |
37
+
38
+ **工具:**
39
+
40
+ | 工具 | 类型 | 语言 |
41
+ |------|------|----------|
42
+ | k6 | 开源 | JavaScript |
43
+ | JMeter | 开源 | Java/XML |
44
+ | Gatling | 开源 | Scala |
45
+ | Locust | 开源 | Python |
46
+
47
+ ### Stress Testing(压力测试)
48
+
49
+ 测试系统在超出正常负载下的行为。
50
+
51
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
52
+ |--------|---------|
53
+ | **目的** | 找出崩溃点与失效模式 |
54
+ | **指标** | 最大容量、劣化曲线、恢复时间 |
55
+
56
+ **做法:**
57
+ - 逐步增加负载
58
+ - 监控错误与性能下降
59
+ - 找出瓶颈
60
+ - 记录失效阈值
61
+
62
+ ### Spike Testing(尖峰测试)
63
+
64
+ 测试流量突然增加的情况。
65
+
66
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
67
+ |--------|---------|
68
+ | **目的** | 验证对流量尖峰的处理能力 |
69
+ | **场景** | 限时抢购、爆红内容、营销活动、特定时段事件 |
70
+
71
+ ### Soak Testing(耐久测试 / Endurance Testing)
72
+
73
+ 测试系统在长时间运行下的稳定性。
74
+
75
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
76
+ |--------|---------|
77
+ | **目的** | 找出 memory leak 与性能劣化 |
78
+ | **持续时间** | 数小时到数天 |
79
+
80
+ **需留意:**
81
+ - Memory leak
82
+ - Connection pool 耗尽
83
+ - 日志文件增长
84
+ - 性能逐渐劣化
85
+
86
+ ### Capacity Testing(容量测试)
87
+
88
+ 确定系统的最大容量。
89
+
90
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
91
+ |--------|---------|
92
+ | **目的** | 规划扩展与基础设施 |
93
+ | **产出** | 用户容量上限、资源需求、扩展阈值 |
94
+
95
+ ## 关键指标
96
+
97
+ ### Latency(延迟)
98
+
99
+ | 百分位数 | 描述 | 目标 |
100
+ |------------|-------------|--------|
101
+ | P50 | 中位数响应时间 | 基准值 |
102
+ | P95 | 第 95 百分位数 | 基准值的 2–3 倍 |
103
+ | P99 | 第 99 百分位数 | 最多基准值的 5 倍 |
104
+
105
+ **注意:** 对用户体验而言,P99 往往比平均值更重要。
106
+
107
+ ### Throughput(吞吐量)
108
+
109
+ | 度量 | 描述 |
110
+ |-------------|-------------|
111
+ | TPS | 每秒事务数(Transactions Per Second) |
112
+ | RPS | 每秒请求数(Requests Per Second) |
113
+ | QPS | 每秒查询数(Queries Per Second) |
114
+
115
+ ### 错误率
116
+
117
+ | 级别 | 目标 |
118
+ |-------|--------|
119
+ | 可接受 | < 0.1% |
120
+ | 劣化 | < 1% |
121
+ | 危急 | > 1% |
122
+
123
+ ### 资源使用率
124
+
125
+ - CPU 使用率
126
+ - 内存使用率
127
+ - 网络 I/O
128
+ - 磁盘 I/O
129
+ - Connection pool 使用率
130
+
131
+ ## Service Level Objectives(服务级别目标)
132
+
133
+ 定义可度量的性能目标:
134
+
135
+ ```yaml
136
+ latency_slo: "P99 latency < 200ms"
137
+ availability_slo: "99.9% uptime"
138
+ throughput_slo: "1000 RPS sustained"
139
+ error_slo: "Error rate < 0.1%"
140
+ ```
141
+
142
+ **注意:** SLO 应以用户需求为基础,而非系统能力。
143
+
144
+ ## 测试阶段
145
+
146
+ | 阶段 | 描述 | 持续时间 |
147
+ |-------|-------------|----------|
148
+ | **1. 基准(Baseline)** | 在最小负载下建立当前的性能基准 | 1–2 天 |
149
+ | **2. 负载(Load)** | 模拟预期流量,验证是否符合 SLO | 2–3 天 |
150
+ | **3. 压力(Stress)** | 增加负载直到失效,记录崩溃点 | 1–2 天 |
151
+ | **4. 耐久(Soak)** | 运行 24–72 小时,监控性能劣化 | 1–3 天 |
152
+
153
+ ## CI 集成
154
+
155
+ ### k6 示例
156
+
157
+ ```javascript
158
+ import http from 'k6/http';
159
+ import { check, sleep } from 'k6';
160
+
161
+ export const options = {
162
+ stages: [
163
+ { duration: '30s', target: 10 },
164
+ { duration: '1m', target: 10 },
165
+ { duration: '30s', target: 0 },
166
+ ],
167
+ thresholds: {
168
+ http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'],
169
+ http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
170
+ },
171
+ };
172
+
173
+ export default function () {
174
+ const res = http.get('https://api.example.com/health');
175
+ check(res, { 'status 200': (r) => r.status === 200 });
176
+ sleep(1);
177
+ }
178
+ ```
179
+
180
+ ### GitHub Actions
181
+
182
+ ```yaml
183
+ name: Performance Test
184
+ on:
185
+ pull_request:
186
+ branches: [main]
187
+ jobs:
188
+ k6:
189
+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
190
+ steps:
191
+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
192
+ - name: Run k6 test
193
+ uses: grafana/k6-action@v0.3.1
194
+ with:
195
+ filename: tests/performance/load-test.js
196
+ ```
197
+
198
+ ## 规则
199
+
200
+ | 规则 | 描述 | 优先级 |
201
+ |------|-------------|----------|
202
+ | 先建立基准 | 在优化前先建立基准指标 | 必需 |
203
+ | 真实数据 | 使用接近生产环境的数据量与模式 | 必需 |
204
+ | 隔离环境 | 使用隔离环境以避免干扰 | 必需 |
205
+ | 渐进负载 | 逐步增加负载以找出阈值 | 建议 |
206
+ | 监控资源 | 监控所有系统资源(CPU、内存、I/O) | 必需 |
207
+ | 聚焦百分位数 | 聚焦于 P95/P99 latency,而非平均值 | 必需 |
208
+ | 回归测试 | 在 CI/CD 中纳入性能回归测试 | 建议 |
209
+
210
+ ## 快速参考
211
+
212
+ ### 测试类型
213
+
214
+ | 类型 | 目的 | 持续时间 | 时机 |
215
+ |------|---------|----------|------|
216
+ | Load | 正常流量 | 数分钟 | 每次发版 |
217
+ | Stress | 崩溃点 | 数小时 | 重大发版 |
218
+ | Spike | 突然增加 | 数分钟 | 视情况需要 |
219
+ | Soak | 长期稳定性 | 数天 | 每季度 |
220
+ | Capacity | 最大容量 | 数小时 | 规划时 |
221
+
222
+ ### 关键指标
223
+
224
+ | 指标 | 度量内容 | 目标 |
225
+ |--------|-----------------|--------|
226
+ | P50 Latency | 中位数响应 | 基准值 |
227
+ | P95 Latency | 典型最差情况 | 基准值的 2–3 倍 |
228
+ | P99 Latency | 极端情况 | 最多基准值的 5 倍 |
229
+ | Throughput | 每秒请求数 | 依 SLO 定义 |
230
+ | 错误率 | 失败的请求 | < 0.1% |
231
+
232
+ ## 相关选项
233
+
234
+ - [单元测试](./unit-testing.md) - 单元测试实践
235
+ - [安全测试](./security-testing.md) - 安全测试实践
236
+
237
+ ---
238
+
239
+ ## 参考资料
240
+
241
+ - [ISTQB Performance Testing](https://www.istqb.org/)
242
+ - [Google SRE Book](https://sre.google/sre-book/table-of-contents/)
243
+ - [k6 Documentation](https://k6.io/docs/)
244
+
245
+ ---
246
+
247
+ ## 许可
248
+
249
+ 本文档以 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 许可发布。
250
+
251
+ **来源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
1
+ ---
2
+ source: options/testing/security-testing.md
3
+ source_version: 1.0.0
4
+ translation_version: 1.0.0
5
+ status: current
6
+ ---
7
+ # 安全测试(Security Testing)
8
+
9
+ > **语言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/security-testing.md) | 简体中文
10
+
11
+ **上层标准**: [测试完整性(Testing Completeness)](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
12
+
13
+ ---
14
+
15
+ ## 概览
16
+
17
+ 安全测试(security testing)在漏洞被利用之前,先找出应用程序中的弱点。它涵盖静态分析(static analysis)、动态测试(dynamic testing)、依赖扫描(dependency scanning)与渗透测试(penetration testing),以确保全面的安全覆盖。
18
+
19
+ ## 最适用于
20
+
21
+ - 处理敏感数据的应用程序
22
+ - 金融服务
23
+ - 医疗健康应用程序
24
+ - 电子商务平台
25
+ - 任何对外公开的应用程序
26
+
27
+ ## 测试类型
28
+
29
+ ### 静态应用程序安全测试(SAST)
30
+
31
+ 不执行程序的情况下分析源代码。
32
+
33
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
34
+ |--------|---------|
35
+ | **何时使用** | 开发早期、CI/CD pipeline |
36
+
37
+ **工具:**
38
+
39
+ | 工具 | 语言 |
40
+ |------|-----------|
41
+ | SonarQube | 多语言 |
42
+ | Semgrep | 多语言 |
43
+ | CodeQL | 多语言 |
44
+ | Bandit | Python |
45
+ | Brakeman | Ruby |
46
+ | ESLint security plugins | JavaScript/TypeScript |
47
+
48
+ ### 动态应用程序安全测试(DAST)
49
+
50
+ 针对运行中的应用程序测试漏洞。
51
+
52
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
53
+ |--------|---------|
54
+ | **何时使用** | Staging 环境、预上线(pre-production) |
55
+
56
+ **工具:**
57
+
58
+ | 工具 | 类型 |
59
+ |------|------|
60
+ | OWASP ZAP | 开源 |
61
+ | Burp Suite | 商业 |
62
+ | Nuclei | 开源 |
63
+ | Nikto | 开源 |
64
+
65
+ ### 软件成分分析(SCA)
66
+
67
+ 检查依赖项是否存在已知漏洞。
68
+
69
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
70
+ |--------|---------|
71
+ | **何时使用** | 每次构建、持续监控 |
72
+
73
+ **工具:**
74
+
75
+ | 工具 | 类型 |
76
+ |------|------|
77
+ | Snyk | SaaS/CLI |
78
+ | Dependabot | GitHub 集成 |
79
+ | npm audit | CLI |
80
+ | OWASP Dependency-Check | 开源 |
81
+
82
+ ### 渗透测试(Penetration Testing)
83
+
84
+ 由安全专业人员执行的模拟攻击。
85
+
86
+ | 方面 | 细节 |
87
+ |--------|---------|
88
+ | **何时使用** | 重大发布前、每年一次 |
89
+
90
+ **类型:**
91
+ - **黑盒(Black box):** 无事先信息
92
+ - **白盒(White box):** 完整访问权限
93
+ - **灰盒(Grey box):** 部分信息
94
+
95
+ ### 密钥扫描(Secret Scanning)
96
+
97
+ 检测泄露的凭证与密钥信息。
98
+
99
+ **工具:**
100
+
101
+ | 工具 | 类型 |
102
+ |------|------|
103
+ | GitLeaks | 开源 |
104
+ | TruffleHog | 开源 |
105
+ | GitHub Secret Scanning | GitHub 集成 |
106
+
107
+ ## OWASP Top 10(2021)
108
+
109
+ | ID | 风险 | 测试重点 |
110
+ |----|------|------------|
111
+ | A01 | 失效的访问控制(Broken Access Control) | 授权检查、权限提升 |
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+ | A02 | 加密失效(Cryptographic Failures) | 加密、密钥管理、数据泄露 |
113
+ | A03 | 注入(Injection) | SQL、NoSQL、OS、LDAP injection |
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+ | A04 | 不安全的设计(Insecure Design) | 安全需求、威胁建模(threat modeling) |
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+ | A05 | 安全配置错误(Security Misconfiguration) | 默认配置、不必要的功能 |
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+ | A06 | 易受攻击的组件(Vulnerable Components) | 过时的依赖项、已知 CVE |
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+ | A07 | 身份验证失效(Authentication Failures) | Session 管理、凭证填充(credential stuffing) |
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+ | A08 | 软件与数据完整性失效(Software and Data Integrity Failures) | CI/CD pipeline 安全、序列化(serialization) |
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+ | A09 | 安全日志与监控失效(Security Logging and Monitoring Failures) | 审计日志、告警 |
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+ | A10 | 服务器端请求伪造(Server-Side Request Forgery) | URL 验证、网络分段(network segmentation) |
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+
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+ ## CI 集成
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+
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+ ### GitHub Actions 示例
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+
126
+ ```yaml
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+ name: Security Scan
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+ on: [push, pull_request]
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+ jobs:
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+ sast:
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+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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+ steps:
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+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
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+ - name: Run Semgrep
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+ uses: semgrep/semgrep-action@v1
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+
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+ dependency-scan:
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+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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+ steps:
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+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
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+ - name: Run Snyk
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+ uses: snyk/actions/node@master
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+
144
+ secret-scan:
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+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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+ steps:
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+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
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+ - name: Run Gitleaks
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+ uses: gitleaks/gitleaks-action@v2
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## 规则
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+
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+ | 规则 | 描述 | 优先级 |
155
+ |------|-------------|----------|
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+ | CI 中的 SAST | 在每条构建 pipeline 中纳入 SAST | 必需 |
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+ | 依赖扫描 | 扫描所有依赖项的漏洞 | 必需 |
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+ | 密钥扫描 | 在 push 之前扫描泄露的密钥信息 | 必需 |
159
+ | DAST staging | 针对 staging 环境执行 DAST | 推荐 |
160
+ | 年度渗透测试 | 至少每年进行一次渗透测试 | 推荐 |
161
+ | OWASP 检查清单 | 在测试计划中涵盖所有 OWASP Top 10 风险 | 必需 |
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+
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+ ## 快速参考
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+
165
+ | 类型 | 缩写 | 何时 | 工具 |
166
+ |------|--------------|------|-------|
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+ | 静态分析 | SAST | CI/CD | SonarQube, Semgrep |
168
+ | 动态分析 | DAST | Staging | OWASP ZAP, Burp |
169
+ | 依赖扫描 | SCA | 每次构建 | Snyk, Dependabot |
170
+ | 渗透测试 | Pentest | 每年 | 手动/专业人员 |
171
+ | 密钥扫描 | - | Pre-commit | GitLeaks, TruffleHog |
172
+
173
+ ## 相关选项
174
+
175
+ - [性能测试(Performance Testing)](./performance-testing.md) - 性能测试实践
176
+ - [单元测试(Unit Testing)](./unit-testing.md) - 单元测试实践
177
+
178
+ ---
179
+
180
+ ## 参考资料
181
+
182
+ - [OWASP Testing Guide](https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/)
183
+ - [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
184
+ - [NIST SP 800-115](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-115/final)
185
+
186
+ ---
187
+
188
+ ## 许可
189
+
190
+ 本文件依 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 许可发布。
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+
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+ **来源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)